CE (Test-6), Objective Solutions, 19th March 2016 (1)

Conventional Question Practice Programe

Date: 19th March, 2016

ANSWERS
1. (c) 21. (b) 41. (b) 61. (a) 81. (c) 101. (a)

2. (a) 22. (d) 42. (b) 62. (d) 82. (a) 102. (b)

3. (b) 23. (d) 43. (c) 63. (b) 83. (b) 103. (c)

R
4. (b) 24. (d) 44. (b) 64. (c) 84. (a) 104. (c)

5. (c) 25. (b) 45. (a) 65. (c) 85. (a) 105. (b)

E
6. (a) 26. (d) 46. (a) 66. (c) 86. (b) 106. (d)

7. (c) 27. (c) 47. (c)

T
67. (d) 87. (c) 107. (b)

8. (a) 28. (b) 48. (b)

S 68. (c) 88. (b) 108. (b)
A
9. (a) 29. (c) 49. (b) 69. (a) 89. (d) 109. (a)
M

10. (b) 30. (b) 50. (c) 70. (c) 90. (c) 110. (a)

11. (a) 31. (d) 51. (d) 71. (a) 91. (d) 111. (d)

12. (b) 32. (d) 52. (c) 72. (b) 92. (b) 112. (b)
S

13. (d) 33. (c) 53. (a) 73. (a) 93. (a) 113. (a)
IE

14. (c) 34. (d) 54. (b) 74. (c) 94. (b) 114. (d)

15. (d) 35. (d) 55. (d) 75. (d) 95. (b) 115. (a)

16. (d) 36. (d) 56. (a) 76. (b) 96. (c) 116. (d)

17. (c) 37. (b) 57. (b) 77. (b) 97. (b) 117. (a)

18. (b) 38. (d) 58. (d) 78. (a) 98. (c) 118. (a)

19. (c) 39. (c) 59. (a) 79. (a) 99. (c) 119. (c)

20. (a) 40. (c) 60. (d) 80. (b) 100. (c) 120. (a)
(2) CE (Test-6), Objective Solutions, 19th March 2016
1. (c) = 1164 – 2 × 22 × 6 = 900 mm 2
2. (a) Path ABC
3. (b)
 502 502 
4. (b) = 1164  3  22  6    6
 4  55 4  79 
5. (c)
6. (a) = 883.65 mm 2
11. (a)
For code use, method must be as simple
as possible, using deterministic rather than Uniform distribution of shear is assumed in
probabilistic data. Such a method called both type of joint.
Level-I reliability method or first-order second 12. (b)
moment reliability method.
AfU
7. (c) Design strength =
3  1.5
Unbuttoning joint failure (progressive joint

R
failure) more likely to happen in long (30)2  410
=  111.55 kN
connections because end bolts resist more 4  3  1.5  1000
forces.

E
13. (d)
8. (a)
Residual stress reduces the plastic range
150
 25 kN of member.
V =

T =
6
200
 33.33 kN
14.

T
(c)
 xy
S
6
2
2 2
 V   Te 
    1
A
 Vsd   Tnd 
2 2 –6 –6 –6
 25   33.33  600×10 200×10 1000×10
 45.3    66.6   0.305  0.25, 0.56  1
M

   
Safe
9. (a)
 xy
Throat thickness = 800 × 10–6
2
S

5 5
te = t   12  7.5 mm   xy = 1600 × 10–6
8 8
Lw = 150 mm 15. (d)
IE

L w t e fy 16. (d)
250 1
Strength =  150  7.5   Given,
 mw 1.25 1000
1 = – 100 MPa
= 225 kN [Note: 0.9f u > f y]
2 = – 10 MPa
10. (b)
Applying maximum shear stress theory
A 125 mm leg (MSST).
55
B Abs  max  < S ys
1 Syt
79 <
2 2
C 75 mm leg S yt > –100 MPa
S yt   100 MPa
50 50 50
dhole = 22 17. (c)
Given, a solid circular shaft of diameter d is
Path AC
subjected to a combined bending moment M
Net area and torque T.
 CE (Test-6), Objective Solutions, 19th March 2016 (3)
T 19. (c)
T
20. (a)
d For hollow shaft,
16Th
M M M  =
  d 4 
By torsion equation, 3
 d0 1   i  
  d0  
T T d
 = .R =  
J  32   d30   1 4 
d 1    
32 Th =
16   2  
16T
 =   d30 15
d3 Th =  ........(1)
By bending moment equation, 16 16
for solid shaft,
M M d 
b = .y =   16TS

R
I  4 2  =
d d30
64
32 M   d30
b =

E
3 TS = .......(2)
d 16
Maximum shear stress, from equation (1) and (2)

T
2
  Th 15
max =   b   2 
 2  S TS 16
16 21. (b)
max  M2  T2
d3 Let, TA  Reaction at the end A
Condition for safe design,
A
TB  Reaction at the end B
Maximum stress < Permissible stress
T0 d
induced
M

Sys A B
max 
FOS TA TB
Hence, torsional yielding strength (Ssy or Sys) 3L/4
L/4
will be used in design.
18. (b)  3L 
S

 
As the given shafts are arranged in series, so  4 T
TA = 0
the torque will be the same on each part MN, L
NO and OP. Deflection on each part is given 3T0
IE

TA =
by 4
T = 10 N-m T L
 
4 T
M
TB = 0
N L
O P
T0
T 10 TB =
MN = = = 0.5 rad 4
q MN 20 Since, TA > TB therefore maximum shear stress
T 10 1 will be
NO = = = rad
q NO 30 3 TA d
max =
T 10 1 J 2
OP = = = rad
qOP 60 6 3T0 d
 Total deflection, = 4 2
 4
1 1 1 6 d
MP =   = 32
2 3 6 6
12T0
 MP  1rad max 
d3
(4) CE (Test-6), Objective Solutions, 19th March 2016
22. (d) 26. (d)
Since, the shaft is subjected to pure torsion Assuming same height of oil and water in
having shear stress (  ) therefore, Mohr's manometer,
circle for pure shear stress state is Poil + oilgh = Pw + w gh
 (Poil – Pw) = (w – oil)gh
(0, ) If value of oil is given, then pressure difference
can be obtained. Generally most of common
liquid oil has density lower than water but some
– 
(– , 0) ( , 0) has density more than water. So nothing is
clear about oil density and we can say data
(0, –) are insufficient.
– Horizontal Plane
 Maximum principal stress,
Pipes

R
max =  =  = radius of mohr circle
It can be written as
Oil Water
max  2 sin 45.cos45

E
23. (d)
The bulk modulus of liquid

= 
dP
d
= ×
P

T Mercury
S
500.5 × 0.5 27. (c)
=
1 atm
A
= 250.25 MPa Benzene
24. (d)
The variation of shear stress in various types er
at sp. g. 50cm
M

of fluids. W =0.88

tic 56cm
as 45cm
pl
m
ha
Shear stress

ng Non-Newtonian
Bi Mercury
S

n sp. g = 13.6
ia
t on
w Taking reference level of pressure of left limb
Ne
IE

of mercury,
Ideal fluid
P + 0.56g = 0.5 × 0.88g + 0.45 × 13.6 g
Velocity gradient
P
Drilling mud and sewage sludge are Bingham  = (0.5×0.88 + 0.45 × 13.6 – 0.56)
plastic. g

25. (b) = 6 m of water

V 28. (b)
y

Viscosity of oil = 9.81 poise Air

= 0.981 N-s/m2
0.25m

Oil
The shear stress from Newton's law of viscosity,
4m
du 2
 =  = 0.981
dy 102 (Relative
2 Relative
= 1.962 × 10 density of
density
Gauge mercury 13.6)
= 196.2 N/m2 of oil 0.8
‘A’
 CE (Test-6), Objective Solutions, 19th March 2016 (5)
Air pressure on oil. 64 64 64
f =  
Pair + 0.25 × 13.6 × 9.81 = Patm Re Vd 1000  2  0.4
Since the requirement is gauge pressure. So 
= 0.08
Patm = 0
32. (d)
 Pair = –0.25 × 13.6 × 9.81 kPa
Assuming unit depth of structure.
= –33.354 kPa
The over turning stability of dam is analysed.
 Gauge pressure at A,
P = P + gh
A air
= –33.354 + 4 × 0.8 × 9.81 SG
= – 33.354 + 31.392 h = 2.56

= – 1.962 kPa F
29. (c) h
3

R
Piezometer is a simple tube attached to tube
carrying water as shown in figure. b 2b A
3

E
W
1
 Volume of dam = b  h 1

T
2
Flow b  h  2.56g
Weight =
So in case of gases we do not use Piezometer 2
because gas will leak out.
S W =
2.56ghb
2
30. (b)
Hydrostatic force
A
Horizontal force-
O h h 2 g
F = h  1 g =
Hemi
2 2
M

Fy sphere In limiting condition, moment about A = 0

Fx h 2b
 F = W
3 3
F x = gAh
h2g h 2.56 2b
2  = ghb ×
 R   4R 
S

2 3 2 3
= g  2    3 
  h2 2.56  2  b2
=
 2R3  6 6
IE

F x = g   ...(i)
 3   h = 2.263 b
Vertical component b = 0.442h
= weight in hemispherical portion 33. (c)

1 4 A
Fy =   R3 g
4 3
 3 O
= R g ...(ii) 2m D
3
Fy  B
 =
Fx 2
31. (d) The vertical force acting on the cylindrical gates,
2 umax r = weight of water displaced by section ADB
Z = 2
R 1  2
= gV = g  A  L = g    2 1
2     2  2   0.1 2 4
20 =
0.22 g   1000  4.81
= = = 15409.5N.
 = 1 Ns/m2 2 2
(6) CE (Test-6), Objective Solutions, 19th March 2016
Alternatively: Weight of hydrometer, W = 0.03 N
Vertical force = Weight of liquid supported Let depth of hydrometer in oil is h0
by surface DB W = B
= Weight in surface area 
0.03 = × (3 ×10 3 )2 h0 × 750g
4
 1 2   1  
=  1 1 1+   1  1   1 1     1 0.03 × 4
  4   4  
h0 =
    × 9×106 × 750 ×9.81
=  1  1  1+  g
 4 4 = 0.5768 m
 Let depth of hydrometer in alchohol is ha,
= ×1000 × 9.84
2
0.03× 4
= 15409.5 N ha =
 × 9 ×106 × 800 × 9.81
34. (d)
= 0.5408 m

R
 h0 – ha = 0.5768 – 0.5408
M = 0.036 m = 36 mm

E
37. (b)
G
B  = 30°

For stable equilibrium the moment caused by

T 1m
S
weight W and Buoyancy force FB should
balance each other. For this condition M should 0.75
be above G.
3m
A
If G is above M, the body will be in unstable
equilibrium because moment caused by weight
W and buoyancy force add up.
M

IGG sin2 
If M and G coincide then neutral equilibrium hp = h 
Ah
occurs.
  4 1
If FB > W, the body floats.  3 
= 1.75  64 4
35. (d)  2
 3  1.75
S

The large metacentric height in a vessel is 4

ensured by lower center of gravity 'G' i.e. more = 1.75 + 0.08
stability. = 1.83 m
IE

The period of oscillation, 38. (d)

I The period of rolling, is inversely proportional
T = 2
Agh to metacentric height. So by increasing it,
1 period of oscillation reduces. At the same time
T  the frequency increases with increase in
h
Hence larger metacentric height makes the metacentric height. The period of oscillation-
time period smaller.
k2
36. (d) T = 2
g× GM
3 mm
By adding load below centre of gravity, the
centroid comes down and centre of buoyancy
goes up. Due to this centre of buoyancy
w
upward movement, metacentre in pitching
comes down and height of metacentre in
pitching reduces and frequency of oscillation
in pitching reduces.
 CE (Test-6), Objective Solutions, 19th March 2016 (7)
Every oscillation has its own metacenter. 43. (c)

 (GM  BM  BG)  44. (b)

 I  45. (a)
GM    BG  
 V  46. (a)
39. (c)
Examples of Force Method :
 = 7 0 FB V1  Castigliano’s theorem (method of least
B
work).
G V2
 Virtual work method / unit load method.
W
m = 13.6 0  Column analogy method (used in rigid
frames with fixed supports).
Total volume of metal piece
 Flexibility matrix method.
V = V1 + V2
Eamples of Displacement Methods :
= Outside volume + volume

R
 Slope deflection method.
inside mercury
 Moment distribution method.
Buoyancy force = weight of piece.
 Stiffness matrix method.

E
m V2g = gV
 Kani’s method.
 7
V2 = V= V = 0.515 V  Moment distribution method is the most

T
m 13.6
suitable manual method for analysis of
40. (c) continous beams and plane frames. The
method was presented by prof. Hardy cross
MB = 40 kNm
S of USA in 1930 and also sometimes referred
EI 4E (2I) to as Hardy Cross method.
KB = KBC + KBA =   2.5 EI
A
2 4  Kani’s Method : This method was first
MB developed by Prof. Gasper Kani of Germany
 2.5 EI in 1947. The method is named after him.
B
M

This is an indirect extension of slope

40 16 deflection method. This is an efficient
B = 2.5 EI  EI method due to simplicity of moment
41. (b) distribution. The method offers an iterative
scheme for applying slope deflection
S

 4EI  method of structural analysis. Whereas,

 M 2  2 the moment distribution method reduces
 M
MOB =  4EI 4EI  3 the number of linear simultaneous equations

IE

 
 2 4  and such equations needed are equal to
the number of translation displacements,
MOB M
MB =  the number of equations needed is zero in
2 3 the case of Kani’s method.
42. (b)
In this method, sum of the restrained
moment of a joint and all rotation
A B
EI = 10000 kN-m
2 contributions of the far ends of members
meeting at that joint is multiplied by
L = 10 m respective rotation factors to get the
Here B = 0.001 radians required near end rotation contribution.
A = 0  Slope Deflection Method : This method
Using slope deflection method, was devised by Heinrich Manderla and Otto
2EI Mohr to study the secondary stresses in
MAB = 0 
L
2A  B 
trusses and was further developed by G.A.
2  10000 Maney and extended its application to
= 0  0.001
10 analyse indeterminate of this method is to
= 2 kN-m moments. It’s assumed that the effects of
(8) CE (Test-6), Objective Solutions, 19th March 2016
shear force or axial force deformations are 49. (b)
negligible in indeterminate beams or frames.
50. (c)
 Analysis of statically indeterminate
1 kN/m 1 kN/m
structures are generally done either by force
B C B C
or by displacement methods. In the force C'
method, we initially determine unknown Axis of
forces and then joint displacements. In the symmetry
displacement method, we initially determine
A D
joint displacements and then the forces
A
such as reaction, axial forces, shear forces
bending moments, etc. The frame is symmetrical here, only 1/2 part
47. (c) of the frame will be analysed.
EI B EI 1 2
2
C MFBC = –  –12kNm
12

R
4m 3m Stiffness
Joint Member DF
I factor

E
Relative stiffness when far end is fixed = 3EI 3
l BA  0.6
Relative stiffness when far end is hinged 12 5

=
3I
4l
Distribution factor for T B

BC
2EI
12
2
5
 0.4
S
MBA I/ 4 0.6 B 0.4
BA = = = 0.5
MBA + MBC 3 I
A
I/ 4+ A C
43 0 – 12
Distribution factor for FEM
balancing +7.2 + 4.8
M

3I
MBC 4  3  0.5 Total moment +7.2 – 7.2
BC = =
MBA + MBC I 3 I
  51. (d)
4 4 3
48. (b) 52. (c)
S

L/2 L/2 53. (a)

6EI
2 C q m3 s m 2
L
IE

A
RA 6EI
2
L
L depth
y
C
RB
B
MA  0  Sp. energy
EC

6EI 6EI
 2 = R × L
L2 L B
For same E, transition will occur from A to B,
12EI if specific energy first decreases to C and then
 RB = 3 = RA increases to B as in local hump.
L
6EI L TEL
 MC = 2
  RB
L 2 EC
EA EB
6EI L 12EI
= 2
  3 = 0
L 2 L
 CE (Test-6), Objective Solutions, 19th March 2016 (9)
54. (b) 64. (c)
Underestimation of the future live load. A
50
55. (d) B
56. (a)
100
Unfinished bolts are also called ordinary,
D
common, rough or black bolts. C
100
57. (b)
 5 50 E
= F G
x Rex
40 50
 x F G

2
The net width along A – B – C – E – F
 0.8  x

R
  = n= 3
 2.4  x  3.6
x = 0.45 m  Bn1 = (B – nd) = 300 – 3 × 25 = 225 mm

E
58. (d) The net width along A – B – D – G

59. (a) n = 2, n  1, p1  50 mm, g,  100 mm

T
Velocity at Nose = 8 m/s
np2 1 502
Bn2  B  nd   300  2  25 
Velocity at 1m ahead = 5 m/s 4g 4  100
Let pressure at Nose and 1m ahead are p1
S = 256.25 mm
and p2 respectively. From Bernouli’s equation
The net width along A – B – D – E
A
(in terms of relative velocity)
2 2 n = 3, n  2 p  50 mm, g,  100 mm
p1 V p V
 z1  1 = 2  z2  2
M

g 2g g 2g 2  502
Bn3 = 300  3  25   237.5 mm
2 2 4  100
p2  p1 (3)  (0)
=  The least width is 225 mm.
g 2g
(Relative velocity of point 1 with respect to 65. (c)
2 is 8 – 5 = 3 m/s)
S

The connection should be designed so as to

p2 – p1 =4500 N/m 2 reduce the effect of bending to a minimum and
60. (d) the sections which are symmetrical about one
IE

or both axes are, therefore, and ideal choice.

61. (c)
66. (c)
2 2
v 1 Q
E y y   1 y2
2g 2g  By  Celerity C= g  y1  y 2 
2 y1
2
1  30  Since 0.1 m is negligible compared to 5m;
 1.5   2.3 m
2  10  5  1.5  y1  y 2  y
62. (d)
Hence C = gy  9.8  5  7m s
63. (b)
67. (d)
The ratio of maximum elastic stress to average
A tidal bore is a phenomenon in which a
stress is known as stress concentration factor.
positive surge travels upstream in a tidal river
The design strength of the member under the with the incoming tide.
axial tensile load is the lowest of the design
Sluice gates used in field applications have a
strength due to yielding of gross-section,
bevel on the up stream face.
rupture of critical (net) section and block shear.
(10) CE (Test-6), Objective Solutions, 19th March 2016
72. (b)

Froude
Number F1 Relative
Type of jump
of incoming Energy loss
flow
Undular Jump 1.0<f1<1.7 0

Weak Jump 1.7  F1  2.5 5 – 18%

Oscillating Jump 2.5  F1  4.5 18 – 45%

68. (c)
Steady Jump 4.5  F1  9.0 45 – 70%

F1 > 9.0  70%

yc 73. (a)
y

R
S2 Hydraulic jumps are rapidly varied flows and
y0
are associated with energy losses. Water
surface connects sequent depths which are

E
associated with constant specific force.
Surface profile
74. (c)

69. (a)
Let velocity of wave = C T Zone 2
S
Let velocity of river water be v yn

 4.2 = C + v H3
yC
A
Zone 3
y
& 1.4 = C – v
 2C = 5.6 Supercritical flow on horizontal bed
M

C = 2.8 m/s Zone 1

 v = C – 1.4
Zone 2
v = 1.4 m/s yn

2.82 yC M3
S

y = = 0.8 m y Zone 3
g
70. (c)
IE

Supercritical flow on a wild slope

Froude number is given by
Zone 1
V yn = yC
Fr = y C3
gD
Zone 3
where V = Mean velocity
A
Hydraulic depth, D =
T Supercritical flow on a critical slope
A = Area of the section
T = Top width of the section yC
SZ
y Zone 1
71. (a) yn
Zone 2
Lj = 6.9  y 2  y1  = 6.6 (4.5 – 0.5) = 27.6 m Zone 3

 y 2  y1  3  4.5  0.5 3 Supercritical flow on a steep slope

EL = = = 7.11 m
4y 2 y1 4  4.5  0.5
 CE (Test-6), Objective Solutions, 19th March 2016 (11)
75. (d) q1 = Flow rate per unit width
at up stream section
q1
S1 q2
q3
q3>q2>q1

CDL Depth C
y yC
S3
NDL

76. (b)
E1
For a triangular channel of small slope, specific Sp. Energy

energy at critical depth is given by During this process the depth of flow of a
subcritical flow reduces to yC while that of
v C2
EC = yC   1.25 yC supercritical flow increases to yC. Thus both
2g

R
subcritical and super critical flows change into
critical flows. Depth of flow upstream remains
v 2C
 0.25 yC same, because upstream section is
2g

E
represented by q1 and E1.
Hence statement (1) is incorrect. On further decreasing width q-curve moves
further outward, water surface levels adjust;
Discharge per unit width is maximum for a

T
both at upstream section and throat section,
given specific force at critical section. Any
so that specific energy increases to form a
attempt to further increase discharge leads to
tangent at new q-curve.
an increase in specific energy.
S q1
At critical flow both specific force and specific
q4
energy are minimum for a given discharge.
A
77. (b) Depth of flow upstream after
reducing width
Initial depth of flow
At critical flow, the specific energy is least
M

upstream
possible.

q m3 s m2
S

45°
depth E1
y Critical E2
IE

depth
Depth of water upstream either increases or
decreases based on whether the flow is
Sp. energy
EC subcritical or super critical. Flow at throat
E2
E3 section remains critical.
CDL
For the same flow q m3/s/m2 EC < E2 < E1
NOL
Critical depth of flow can be obtained by raising
CDL
a hump or by constricting width or both done Steeper Slope S3 NOL
together.
Steeper Slope
When width of flow is constricted the value of
q(m3/s/m2) increases and its curve on depth-
78. (a)
sp. energy graph moves outward and upwards
sp. energy E1 remains constant. This happens The boundary layer thickness is defined as
until q-curve touches sp. energy line at just distance from boundary where flow velocity is
one point, thereby creating a critical flow at 99% of free stream velocity  V  . So Boundary
throat section. layer thickness
(12) CE (Test-6), Objective Solutions, 19th March 2016
y =  at u = 0.99U  y y
= 0 δ 1    dy
Displacement thickness
  
u
  =  
 = 0  1  U
*
 dy. 2 3 6
  
* / 2
Momentum thickness  = =3
 /6
 u  u  82. (a)
 = 0 U 1  U  dy The thickness of boundary layer over flat plate
Energy thickness at distance x-
U
 u  u2  U
 ** = 1
0 U  U2
   dy.
  
79. (a) u 

R
80. (b)
The figure clearly explains that at separation
x = 16cm
point and beyond, the pressure gradient is

E
adverse i.e. positive and velocity profile has 5x
 = Blassius Solution
point of infection i.e. velocity profile changes Re
its sign of slope.
U

T =
5  16
25600
=
5  16
160
= 0.5 cm = 5 mm
S
U
u u 83. (b)
 Co-axial cylinder Viscometer: It is based
A
Solid upon Newton law of viscosity. The gap
surface
between two cylinders is very small.
 Capillary tube viscometer: Hagen
M

 dP  P  dP 
 0   0 Poiseulle viscosity.
 dx   dx 
 dP   Say-bolt viscometer: In this viscometer
  =0
 dx  viscous fluid falls through capillary. This
81. (c) falling of fluid is called efflux type viscometer.
S

y  Falling sphere viscometer: Here a small

U
sphere is gently droped in liquid at rest and
distance is measured in time i.e. velocity.
IE

Displacement BL
u y
= 84. (a)
U 
* Momentum BL
 Since pressure drop in flow is directly
proportional to friction loss
Displacement thickness of flow
4fL V 2
 P  hf and hf = ×
 u D 2g
* = 0 1  U  dy
For laminar flow, the friction factor
 y 16 16
= 0 1    dy f = =
Re VD
 
= =  64 V2
2 2  hf = ×
2 2g
Momentum thickness of flow VD
64
 u u hf = ×V
 = 0  1   dy 2gD2
U U
 hf  V
 CE (Test-6), Objective Solutions, 19th March 2016 (13)
For laminar flow P  V.
88. (b)
Hence flow is laminar.
Because of boundary layer formation roughess
85. (a)
is neglected friction factor in laminar flow
U 64
Vmax
f =
Re
r In fully developed turbulent flow in rough
R u pipe the friction factor 'f' is independent of
Reynold number.
Average velocity = 5 m/sec
89. (d)
 Maximum velocity Vmax= 2×5=10 m/sec
 Velocity distribution in pipe, or velocity at
distance 'r' from centre
Vmax
 r2  r 1

R
u = Vmax  1  2   y 7
 R  u = Umax  
y dr R 
  5  2

E
= 10 1     The mean velocity at centre is nothing but
  10  
maximum velocity at centre.
 1

T
1/7
= 10  1   u y
 4 =
Um  R 
30
= = 7.5 m/sec
4
S Rr 
=  
1/7

86. (b)  R 
A
1/7
Assuming the flow in pipe is laminar.  r 
= 1  
 R
M

U  Average velocity V,
r
R 1/7
R
2  r 
 R V =  2r  1   Umdr
0
 R
 Shear stress at radius r,
R 1/7
2Um r 
S

  P  0 
=  = = constant V=  r 1  R  dr
r  x  R R2 0

Assuming r << R
IE

The pressure drop across length of the pipe

R
R  P  2Um  r 
0 =    V 2  r 1  7R  dr
2  x  R 0
3 3
50  10 50  10
=  2Um  R2 R12 
2 10 V   
R2  2 21 
250
= N/m2 1 1 
2  2Um   
 2 21 
= 0.125 kPa  2 
 Um  1  
87. (c)  21 
The friction head loss in pipe, 19
 Um  0.9V
21
4fL V 2 90. (c)
hf = ×
D 2g
From Darcy-Weisbach equation in terms of
In turbulent flow, f is constant so hf  V2. flow discharge, the head loss,
(14) CE (Test-6), Objective Solutions, 19th March 2016
64L fQ2 94. (b)
hf = 
22g D5 24
CD = R for Re < 1
e
22g  D5
 fQ2 = hf = constant 24
64  L = = 120
0.2
 Differentiating,
95. (b)
df 2dQ The maximum shear stress theory (sys = 0.5
+ =0
f Q syt) is the most conservative theory out of
various other theories of failure. It gives the
dQ
+2.5% + 2 =0 over safe and uneconomical results. While,
Q
maximum distortion energy theory (sys = 0.577
dQ syt) gives the most accurate results (results
=  1.25%
Q are very close to experimental results). It gives
91. (d) the safe and economical results.

R
96. (c)
The phenomenon of development of lift for P. Maximum - Normal stress criterion.
rotating sphere may be used in the games 2

E
such as cricket, table tennis, golf and tennis y
in which by imparting a spin or rotation to
the ball in the backward or forward direction
the lift may be exerted on it in the upward
or downward direction and hence the
trajectory of the ball may be modified by the T – x

– y
x
1
S
(M)
player to his best advantage. As there lift is
Q. Maximum - distortion energy crierion
produced by circulation around a circular
2
A
cross-section placed in a uniform stream of
fluid, it is commonly, known as magnus y
– x
effect. 1
x
M

An interesting feature of flow past two-di- – y

mensional bodies is the formation and alter-
nate release of vortices behind the cylinder (N)
for Re > 30. This vortex shedding leads to R. Maximum shear stress criterion.
lateral vibration of two-dimensional bodies. 2
S

These trails of vortices are commonly known y

as karman vortex trails or Karman vortex
street.
1
IE

92. (b) – x x
93. (a)
– y

1 (L)
GM =  BG
 97. (b)
I = Moment inertia of the plan of the pontoon Principal stresses are,

1 45 4 2
 5  33  m x  y    y 
= 1/2 =   x 2
  xy
12 4 2  2 
 = Vol. of the body sub merged in water
= 50   30  2   40  2
= 3 × 0.8 × 5 = 12 m3
1/2 = 50  50
BG = 0.6 – 0.4 = 0.2
1 = 100; 2 = 0
 45 1 
 GM =    0.2  0.7375 m 100
 4 12  max =  50 MPa
2
 CE (Test-6), Objective Solutions, 19th March 2016 (15)
Shear strength of material = 100 MPa The liquid has viscosity but no role in
100 phenomenon.
 F.O.S. = 2
50 106. (d)
98. (c) The general expression for non-Newtonian fluid.
At A, resultant will be horizontal only. x
 du 
 = 0    
i.e. Horizontal force, Fx = gAh  dy 
3 So '  ' is not linear function of velocity gradient
= 1000  9.81     3  4  = 176580 N
2 or distance.
= 176.58 kN This is due to large size of molecules in
99. (c) polymers etc. and do not behave like molecules
100. (c) of Newtonian fluid.
1 = 360 MPa 107. (b)
The distance between centre of pressure and

R
2 = 140 MPa
3 = 0 centroid of surface

According to distortion energy theory : x = hh

E
2 2 2 h
 1  2    2  3    3  1  = 22s a
 h = h
Ah
12  22  12 = 2s G

T
 x
 x = h a h P
2s = (360)2 + (140)2 – 360 × 140 Ah
IG
s  314.3 MPa
S =
Ah
101. (a) At great depth h is very high and the other
A
terms are constant. So the whole term become
negligible.
108. (b)
M

This is the case of floating body. Ballast loading

Concave fillet weld Convex fillet weld
of bottom means addition of heavy weight in
102. (b)
lower portion of ship. The ballast increases
Wind has lower frequency and hence higher weight and brings the center of gravity lower.
time period. The stability is related to metacentric height,
S

103. (c) I
MG =  BG  0
The material cost of HSFG is about 50% V
As metacentric height Gm increases, the
IE

greater than that of ordinary bolts and special

workmanship is required in installing and stability increases.
tightening of these bolts. M
104. (c) G
Bracing will be under compression or tension
B
due to lateral loads (wind load).
105. (b) Ballast
The small insect can sit on liquid surface
109. (a)
despite having higher density than liquid. The
reason being surface tension as shown in 110. (a)
figure.
Insect FB
V1

B V2
T G
T P
liquid
w W
(16) CE (Test-6), Objective Solutions, 19th March 2016
Buoyant force, Velocity of Surge =
FB = V2g = W
V2 = Volume of solid body submerged in liquid

C  V for downstream movement
Vw = C  V for upstream movement
or volume of liquid displaced by solid body. where C = celerity
V1 = Volume of solid body outside the liquid. V = river velocity
So FB is weight of liquid displaced and always If C < V, surge would fail to move in upstream
vertically up against the weight of body. direction
111. (d) 115. (a)
The stability is determined by relative positions
of meta center and center of gravity. For q1
q2
stability, the relative positions are shown in y1 q3
Subcritical
figure below. qmax
y1 q
The metacentric height MG should be high for y2
higher stability. y3

R
yC q  qmax  q3  q2  q1
yC
M

E
Supercritical
45°
G E1
B

T E2
When width of flow is reduced, discharge per
unit width of flow increases from q1 to q2. No
S
I
MG =  BG energy losses are involved since bed elevations
V
are same. If the flow is subcritical then, depth
112. (b)
A
of flow decreases from y1 to y2.
If ideal conditions are considered, the thickness
On further decreasing width, q2 increases to
of boundary layer will be ever increasing
q3 at throat section and depth further reduces
whether the boundary layer is laminar or
M

to y3. This goes on until a minimum throat

turbulent. The boundary layer breakes when
width Bmin is achieved when flow per unit width
there is flow separation.
at upstream is q1, and flow is critical at throat
But in practice 99% depth of boundary layer
with depth yC.
develops within short distance from leading
If the width at throat section is further reduced,
edge. This short distance depends upon flow
S

flow becomes impossible at specific energy

and surface conditions.
E1. Flow, by its natural mechanism, raises its
113. (a) specific energy levels to E2 such that flow at
IE

throat section remains critical but with yc >

yC. Depth at upstream section increases to
U U y1 .
116. (d)
u
Introduction of hump will cause a decrease or
increase in flow depth depending upon whether
At outer layer of boundary layer, the velocity the flow is subcritical or super critical.
gradient is zero q
Subcritical flow
du
 =0
dy
i.e. at outer edge, u = U Depth y

So shear stress from Newton's law of viscosity. C

du Supercritical flow
 = u =0
dy E1
E2 Z
114. (d) Sp. energy (E)
 CE (Test-6), Objective Solutions, 19th March 2016 (17)
E2 = E1  Z It depends on discharge whether a given
Where channel is mild, step or critical. Hence
statement (I) is correct.
E1 = sp. energy at upstream section
E2 = sp. energy at Hump Section Critical depth is a function of discharge per
unit width but not normal depth for a rectangular
Z = Height of Hump. channel.
Discharge per unit width (q) curve remains
1/3
2
uncharged because width is unchanged. yc =  q 
117. (a)  g
2EI Normal depth is calculated from Manning’s or
 Chezy’s equation.
P L 
L/2 L/2
Hence, statement II is wrong.
PL PL L 4EI
 120. (a)
4 4 L

R
P

L/2 L/2

E
PL 2EI PL 4EI
    The flow is unidirectional and uniform in a

T
4 L 4 L
rectilinear flow. The flow has no vorticity and
118. (a) thus the velocity field is irrotational. Unlike a
119. (c) real fluid, the net drag on the body is zero.
S
A
M
S
IE