CE (Test-21), Objective Solutions, 07, May 2016 (1)

Objective Question Practice Programe

Date: 7th May, 2016

ANSWERS
1. (c) 21. (b) 41. (b) 61. (d) 81. (d) 101. (d)

2. (b) 22. (c) 42. (c) 62. (a) 82. (a) 102. (b)

3. (a) 23. (c) 43. (d) 63. (c) 83. (b) 103. (b)

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4. (a) 24. (d) 44. (b) 64. (b) 84. (b) 104. (a)

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5. (b) 25. (d) 45. (d) 65. (b) 85. (b) 105. (a)

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6. (c) 26. (d) 46. (c) 66. (b) 86. (b) 106. (b)

7. (d)

8. (c)
27. (b)

28. (d)
47. (b)

48. (c)
S 67. (d)

68. (d)
87. (a)

88. (b)
107. (c)

108. (c)
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9. (d) 29. (a) 49. (a) 69. (c) 89. (c) 109. (a)
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10. (b) 30. (a) 50. (d) 70. (d) 90. (b) 110. (c)

11. (a) 31. (b) 51. (c) 71. (c) 91. (c) 111. (b)
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12. (b) 32. (c) 52. (c) 72. (d) 92. (a) 112. (a)
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13. (d) 33. (b) 53. (b) 73. (c) 93. (c) 113. (a)

14. (c) 34. (c) 54. (b) 74. (c) 94. (d) 114. (a)

15. (a) 35. (b) 55. (a) 75. (b) 95. (c) 115. (d)

16. (c) 36. (d) 56. (a) 76. (c) 96. (a) 116. (c)

17. (d) 37. (b) 57. (a) 77. (a) 97. (a) 117. (b)

18. (a) 38. (b) 58. (b) 78. (c) 98. (b) 118. (c)

19. (c) 39. (c) 59. (a) 79. (c) 99. (b) 119. (d)

20. (c) 40. (a) 60. (d) 80. (d) 100. (c) 120. (a)
(2) CE (Test-21), Objective Solutions, 07, May 2016
1. (c) 11. (a) Higher the standard deviation, higher the
2. (b) uncertainly in the data, making decision
become less clear cut. Higher standard
3. (a)
deviation involves higher risk profile. Some
4. (a) The expected mean time is intended to be times it gives benefits and other time it
a time estimate having approximately a 50% gives losses.
chance that the actual duration will be less
12. (b)
and a 50% chance that the actual duration
will exceed it. CrashCost  NormalCos t
5. (b) Cost slope = NormalTime  CrashTime
6. (c) Central Limit Theorem
This theorem states that if there are n Cc  Cn C
 CS = 
activities, each having its own b - distribution tn  tc t
with standard deviation 1, 2, 3 ..., n
Where, CS = Cost Slope
respectively, then the distribution of time

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for the project as a whole will approximately C = Increase in cost
be a normal distribution curve. The normal t = Decrease in time
distribution curve will have a variance s2

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But here in Question;
given by
tn = 10 days; Cn = Rs. 350/- ;
s2 = 12  22  32  ...  n2 CS = Rs. 75/- per day

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7. (d) Slack may be simply defined as the t c = 8 days;
difference the latest allowable time and the S Cc = ?
earliest expected time of an event.
Cc  350
 S = TL – TE  75 =
10  8
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8. (c) Independent Float: It gives us an idea about
the excess time that exists if the preceding  Cc – 350 = 2 × 75
activity ends as late as possible and the  Cc = 350 + 150 = Rs. 500/-
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succeeding activity starts as early as 13. (d) In project management, a schedule is a

possible. The independent float is, therefore,
defined as the excess of minimum available
time over the required activity duration.
9. (d) Total float is the time span by which the
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listing of a projects’ milestones, activities
and deliverables, usually with intended start
and finish dates. Those items are often
estimated in terms of resource allocation,

starting (or finishing) of an activity can be budget and duration, linked by

delayed without delaying the completion of dependencies and scheduled events. A
the project. schedule is commonly used in project
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Consider an activity i-j. The time duration planning and project portfolio management
available for this activity is equal to the parts of project management.
difference between its earliest start time 14. (c)
( TEi ) and the latest finish time ( TLj ): 15. (a) Resource levelling is done if the restriction
is on the availability of resources.
 Max. time available 16. (c)
= TLj – TEi

Activity time required = tij

 Total float (FT) = max available time available
– time required

t 0  4t m  t p 8  4  9  13
10. (b) te    9.5
6 6
(t p  t 0 )2 (13  8)2 25
2t   
36 36 36
 CE (Test-21), Objective Solutions, 07, May 2016 (3)
17. (d) PS = Standard barometric
pressure (760 mm
Plan Annualised Annualised Net Annualised of Hg)
benefits costs benefits
(Rs. in Lakhs) (Rs. in Lakhs) (Rs. in Lakhs) PO = O b s e r v e d
A 5000 2000 3000 barometric pressure
B 5250 2300 2950 in mm of Hg at time
C 5850 2700 3150 of test
D 6100 3000 3100
TO = Absolute observed
 Net annualised benefits in the case of plan tempt
‘C’is the maximum, this plan is preferable. TS = Absolute tempt for
18. (a) standard condition
Machine Costing,Ci = Rs. 8,500/-  HO = 87 kW
Scrap value, Cs = Rs. 300/- PO = 750 mm of Hg
Working hour average life = 25,000 hrs. TO = 273 + 18 = 291 k

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Using straight line method of depreciation, TS = 273 + 15 = 288 k
PS = 760 mm of Hg
Ci  Cs 8500  300

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Di =  per hour.
25,000 25,000 760 291
 HS = 87   88.62kW
750 288

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8200
= Rs. per hour 21. (b) Map Study : If the topographic map of the
25,000
area is available, it is possible to suggest
 depreciation charge at the end of first year

=
82
250
 1500  Rs.492 / 
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study of such maps, it is possible to have
an idea of several possible alternate routes
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so that further details of these may be
 The machine is operated for a total of 1500 studied later at the site. It may also be
hours in the first year). possible from map study to drop a certain
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19. (c) route in view of any unavoidable obstruction

or undesirable ground, enroute.
80 60 40 60 40
Reconnaissance : The second stage of
surveys for highway location is the
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
reconnaissance to examine the general
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character of the area for deciding the most

feasible routes for detailed studies. From
90 73 48 70 65
the details collected during reconnaissance,
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Cash Flow Diagram

the alignment proposed after study may be
 The net cash flow after 4 months are altered or even changed completely.
complete (in terms of the money units) Preliminary Survey : It is done to survey
= (90+73 + 48) – (80 + 60 + 40 + 60 + 40) the various alternate alignments proposed
= –69 units after the reconnaissance and to collect all
20. (c) Consined effect of pressure and temperature the necessary physical information and
on IC engine. details of topography, drainage and soil. It
is also done to finalise the best alignment
We have,
from all considerations.
Ps To Final Location and Detailed Survey : The
HC = Ho
Po Ts alignment finalised at the design office after
the preliminary survey is to be first located
Where,
on the field by establishing the centre line.
HC = Corrected power for
22. (c) Design of superelevation :
standard condtidion
· For fast moving vehicles providing higher
HO = Observed power as
superelev ation without considering
determined for test
(4) CE (Test-21), Objective Solutions, 07, May 2016
coefficient of friction is safe i.e. centrifugal where W = W eight of the
force is fully counteracted by the weight of vehicle
the vehicle or superelevation. V = Speed of vehicle
· For slow moving vehicles, providing lower R = Radius of curve
superelevation considering coefficient of
The centrifugal ratio or the impact factor
friction is safe i.e. centrifugal force is
counteracted by superelev ation and P
is given by
coefficient of friction. IRC has suggested W
following design procedure.
Step 1 : Find e for 75% of design speed, P V2

neglecting f W gR

(0.75v)2 P b
i.e. e1 = . To avoid overturning, 
gR W 2h
where b = Base width of vehicle

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2
(0.75v) h = Height of vehicle
Step 2 : If e1 < 0.07, then e = e1 =
gR
b 2.5

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else  Impact factor =  = 0.329
2h 2  3.8
if e1 > 0.07 go to step 3.
25. (d) During night driving the visibility ahead a
Step 3 : Find f 1 for the design speed

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dependent on the head light of the vehicles,
v2 when the road lighting is not adequate or
maximum ‘e’ i.e. f 1 = – 0.07. If f 1 < has not been provided. There is restriction
gR S of the sight distance at valley curves as the
0.15 then the maximum
head light gets intercepted through the
e = 0.07 is safe for the design speed else
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beam of light may be slightly inclined
go to step 4. upwards. Therefore, the head light slight
Step 4 : Find the allowable speed v a for the distance available at valley curves should
maximum e = 0.07 and f = 0.15.
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be atleast equal to the stopping sight

va = 0.22gR if v a  v then the design is
adequate and provide e = 0.07 otherwise
speed is limited to allowable speed v a.
23. (c) Ruling minimum radius of the curve is given
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distance. However, there is no problem of
overtaking sight distance at valley curves
during night as other vehicles with head
lights can be seen from a considerable.
distance.

by 26. (d) Modulus of subgrade reaction K may be

defined as the pressure sustained per unit
V2
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Rmin = deformation of subgrade at specified

127(e  f ) deformation or pressure level, using specified
where V = Ruling design speeds, in kmph plate size. The standard plate size for finding
= 100 kmph K-value is 75 cm diameter. But in some
tests, a smaller plate of 30 cm diameter is
e = Superelevation = 0.08
also used. In this, a graph is plotted with
f = Coefficient of friction = 0.12 mean settlement versus mean bearing
pressure. The pressure p corresponding to
1002 a settlement of 0.125 cm is read and the
 Rmin = = 393.7m; 394m
127 (0.08  0.12) K-value is calculated by the reaction,
24. (d) On a curved surface, centrifugal force tends
p
to cause a vehicle to overturn or to side K = kg/cm2/cm (or kg/cm 3)
0.125
outward from the centre of road curvature.
27. (b)
2
WV · Tie bars are used across the longitudinal
The centrifugal force, P =
gR joints of cement concrete pavements.
 CE (Test-21), Objective Solutions, 07, May 2016 (5)
· Tie bars ensure two adjacent slabs to remain
The requirement Permissible limit in absence
firmly together. (Desirable limit) of alternate source
pH 6.5 to 8.5 —
· These bars are not designed to act as load
Turbidity (NTU) 5 10
transfer devices.
TDS (mg/l)  500 2000
· Tie bars are thus designed to withstand Chlorides (mg/l)  250 1000
tensile stresses, the maximum tensile force Fluorides (mg/l)  1.0 1.5
in the tie bars being equal to the force
required to overcome frictional force between 32. (c)
the bottom of the adjoining pavement slab The maximum desirable limit of total
and the soil subgrade. hardness (as CaCO3) is 300 mg/l.
28. (d) 33. (b)
Benefits of steel reinforced concrete slabs Ultimate BOD(BODu) is the oxygen required
are: for oxidising the biodegradable organics of
· Steel reinforcing is simple to place. a given waste. COD, on the other hand, is

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· Steel reinforcing reduces random cracking. the oxygen required to oxidise the
· Steel reinforcing reduces and controls crack biodegradable organics (BO’s) as well as
width and helps maintain aggregate the non-biodegradable organics (NBO’s)

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interlock. COD
both. The ratio will, therefore, always
· Reduces the thickness of slab and number BOD

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of contraction joints. greater than 1.0 but this value shall
approach towards 1.0 with decreasing
1 1 amount of NBO’s.
29. (a) n1 =  , n2 =  , SSD = 110 m
33 33

1 1 2
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The standard test for the coliform group
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N = n1 – (– n2) =   may be carried out either by the multiple
33 33 33
tube fermentation technique (through the
Lets assume length of vertical curve, Ls >
presumptive-confirmed phases or completed
SSD
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test) by the membrane filter (MF) technique

or by the proposed chromogenic substrate
2
 1102 coliform test. Each technique is applicable
NS2 33
Ls =   166.7m within the limitations specified and with due
4.4 4.4
consideration of the purpose of the
Our assumption is correct as Lc = 166.7
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examination.
(LC > SSD) When multiple tubes are used in the
Thus Lc = 166.7 m fermentation technique, results of the
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30. (a) examination of replicate tubes and dilutions

Prestressed concrete pipes are reported in terms of the most probable
number (MPN) of organisms present. This
 They can be made to withstand higher
number, based on certain probability formula
pressure.
is an estimate of the mean density of
 Cheaper than other pipes above 300 mm coliforms in the sample. Coliform density
diameter. provides the best assessment of water
 Corrosion resistant. treatment effectiveness and the sanitary
Steel pipes : Steel pipes are frequently used quality of untreated water.
for raw water trunk mains, inverted syphons The precision of each test depends on the
or pumping mains where pressures are high number of tubes used. The most satisfactory
and sizes are larger. information will be obtained when the largest
31. (b) sample inoculum shows no gas in all or a
majority of the tubes. Bacterial density can
As per IS drinking water specification (IS
be estimated by the formula given or from
10500 : 1991)
the table using the number of positive tubes
(6) CE (Test-21), Objective Solutions, 07, May 2016
in multiple dilutions. The number of sample
portions selected will be governed by the
desired precision of the result. MPN tables
are based on the assumption of a Poisson
distribution (random dispersion). However,
if the sample is not adequately shaken
before the portions are removed or if
clumping of bacterial cells occurs, the MPN 39. (c)
will be an underestimate of the actual
bacterial density.
35. (b)
By definition of pH, we have
 1
pH = log   
H 
aeration, f ollowed by coagulation,
sedimentation and filtration. During aeration,
the soluble ferrous and manganese
compounds present in the water may get
oxidised into insoluble ferric and manganic
compounds which can be sedimented out
easily.
The filters, in fact, purify the water under
four different processes :
(i) Mechanical straining : Most of the particles
are removed in upper layers. Arrested
impurities including the coagulated floc
forms a mat on top which further helps in

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straining.
 1 (ii) Flocculation : The colloidal matters are
 8 = log   
H  arrested in the void spaces present in the

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filter which are gletatinous mass and
1 therefore attract other finer particles.
 108 =  H 

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H  (iii) These finer particles thus settle down in
the voids and get removed.
= 10–8 mol/l
36. (d)
S (iv) Biological action : Certain micro-organisms
and bacteria are generally present in the
0.3 mg chlorine is available in 1 ml of
voids of the filters. These organisms require
bleaching powers
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organic impurities as their food for their
1 survival. These organisms utilise such
 0.1 mg chlorine is available in  0.1 ml organic impurities and convert the into
0.3
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harmless compounds by the process of

of bleaching powder
biological metabolism.
1 lit of water  0.1 mg chlorine
40. (a)
0.1 Length of the rectangular grit chamber
 200 ml of water   200 mg of chlorine
1000
= Velocity × Detention time
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 Bleaching powder required 

= 0.25 × 60 = 15 m
1 0.1
  200 ml 41. (b)
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0.3 1000
Chlorine will immediately react with ammonia
37. (b)
present in water to form various chloramines
When filter is in working condition, only as given below :
inlet valve and filtered water supply valve
shall be kept open and all other valves kept NH3  HOCl  NH2Cl  H2 O
closed. Monochloramine

While back-washing, inlet valve and filter

water supply valve are kept closed and NH2Cl  HOCl  NHCl2  H2 O
Di-chloramine
compressed air valve and wash water supply
valve remain opened.
38. (b) NHCl2  HOCl  NCl3  H2 O
Nitrogen
Tri-chloramine
The iron and maganese may be present in
water either in combination with organic
NH2Cl predominates at pH value of over
matter or without such combination. When
7.5; NHCl2 at pH range of 5 to 6.5 and NCl3
present without combination with organic
at pH below 4.4.
matter, they can be easily removed by
 CE (Test-21), Objective Solutions, 07, May 2016 (7)
42. (c)
The important point in the design of the grit
basins is that the flow velocity should neither
be too low as to cause the settling of lighter
organic matter nor should it be so high as 46. (c)
not to cause the settlement of the entire
silt and grit present in sewage. In order to
prevent large increase in flow velocity at
peak hours due to increased discharge and
thus to avoid the scouring of the settled grit
particles from the bottom, a grit chamber is
designed for generating optimum velocity
at peak discharge and a velocity control
section such as a properly designed
modified weir called a proportional flow weir
or a sutroweir is provided at the lower
(effluent) end of the rectangular grit channel
which helps in varying the flow area of the
section in direct proportion to the flow and
thus helps to maintain a constant velocity
in the channel even at varying discharges.
43. (d)
By chlorination, ammonia content forms
different chloramines.
BOD and organic matter content are
reduced by chlorination.
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44. (b)
Various chemicals such as alum, iron salts
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like ferrous sulphate, ferric chloride, ferric
sulphate, etc are generally used as
coagulants. These chemicals are most
effective when water is slightly alkaline. In
the absence of such an alkalinity in raw
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supplies, external alkalies like sodium
carbonate or lime, etc are added to the
water so as to make it slightly alkaline and
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thus to increase the effectiveness of the
coagulants.
45. (d)
Organisms found in a trickling filter :
(i) Flies
(ii) Insects and worms
(iii) Succession of communities
(iv) Rotifers and nematodes
(v) Holozoic protozoa different levels
(vi) Bacteria, fungi and protozoa
(vii) Nuisance flies
Upper layers may be inhibited or killed while
lower layers survive. While both activated
sludge and trickling filters have abundant
organisms entering the process conditions
tend not to favour them, these organisms
either die out or contribute little to the
treatment process and are ignored in most
analysises.
Factors governing the location of intake:
The site for locating the intake should be
selected carefully, keeping the following
points in mind :
(i) As far as possible, the site should be near
the treatment plant so that the cost of
conveying water to the city is less.
(ii) The intake must be located in the purer
zone of the source so that the best possible
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quantity of water is withdrawn from the
source, thereby reducing the load on the
treatment plant.
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(iii) The intake must never be located at the
downstream or in the vicinity of the point of
disposal of waste water.
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(iv) The site should be such as to permit greater
withdrawal of water even during the driest
periods of the year.
The intake site should remain easily
accessible during floods and should not get
flooded. Moreover, the flood waters should
not be concentrated in the vicinity of the
intake.
47. (b)
Minor methods of disinfection :
(i) Boiling of water : The bacteria present in
water can be destroyed by boiling it for a
long time. It is an effective method of
disinfection, but it is not practically possible
to boil huge amounts of public water
supplies. Moreover, it can only kill the
existing germs but cannot take care of the
future possible contaminations.
(ii) Treatment with ozone : Ozone being
unstable, nothing remains in water, by the
time it reaches the distribution system.
Ozone removes the colour, taste and odour
from water, in addition to removing the
bacteria from it. It is very costly, much
costlier than chlorination. It is less efficient
than chlorine in killing bacteria.
(iii) Treatment with UV rays : These rays are
highly effective in killing all types of bacteria,
thus yielding a truly sterilised water. The
water to be treated with UV rays should,
however, be less turbid and low in colour.
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(iv) Chlorination : Chlorine in its various forms 49. (a)
is invaribly and almost universally usually
used for disinfecting public water supplies.
It is cheap, reliable, easy to handle, easily
measurable, and above all, it is capable of
providing residual disinfecting effects for long
periods, thus affording complete protection
against future recontamination of water in
the distribution system. Its only disadvantage
is that when used in greater amounts, it
impart bitter and bad taste to the water,
which may not be liked by certain sensitive-
tongued consumers.
48. (c)
Expansion joint : Expansion joints are

provided at suitable intervals in the pipe
lines so as to counteract the thermal
stresses produced due to temperature
variations. For providing expansion joints in
case iron pipes, the socket end is cast
flanged and the spigot end is plain.
Cast iron pipes : Cast iron pipes are widely

used for city water supplies. They are S 
sufficiently resistant to corrosion and may
last as long as 100 years or so.
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 RCC pipes : They are not corroded from
inside by normal potable water and from
outside by ordinary soils.
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 The coefficient of expansion being low,
expansion joints may not be needed when
laid above the ground.
 They are heavy and bulky and hence difficult
to transport.
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Asbestos pipes
They are light and hence easy to transport.

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 They are highly resistant to corrosion.
Steel pipes
 Since steel is strong in tension, even large
size diameter pipes (say upto 6 m or so)
can be made of thin shells and these pipes
can be designed for withstanding high
internal pressures.
Ordinary RCC pipes as per IS : 458-1988
Test pressure
Category Dia available (kN/m2)
Class P1 80-1200 mm 200
Class P2 80-600 mm 400
Class P3 80-400 mm 600
 Butterfly value : A butterfly valve is a valve
which may be used for isolating or
regulating flow. Due to the good throttling
capabilities, they are largely used for
regulating the rate of discharge from gravity
filters in a water treatment plant.
 Check valve : Check valves are also
sometimes called non-return valves because
they prevent water to flow back in the
opposite direction. They may be installed
on the delivery side of the pumping set, so
as to prevent the back flow of stored or
pumped water, when the pump is stopped.
Check valves are also installed on pump
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discharges to reduce water hammer forces
on the pump.
Air valves are the special kind of valves
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
which are generally placed along the pipe
line at summit on both sides of the sluice
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valve and also on the downstream side of
all other sluice valves.
Altitude control valve : It closes at a preset
maximum water level to prevent over flow of
a ground storage tank or reservoir and opens
to refill when the water level in the tank or
reservoir lowers. An altitude control valve
controls the level of a tank. The altitude
valve will remain open while the tank is not
full and it will close when the tanks reaches
its maximum level. The opening and closing
of the valve requires no external power
source.
50. (d) Rsing main size is selected based on the
following factors:–
 Economy
 required interval diameter for the application
 required smallest flow velocity for the
application
Economy
The economy of an installation is made up
by both procurment costs and operational
costs during its lifetime. A number of
installation and operational costs are directly
dependent on rising main size and will react
to changes in pipeline size as follows:
with decreased pipeline diameter
 Piping and pipe network component
procurement prices will decrease.
 Pumping station procurement cost will
increase, due to increased flow losses with
consequent requirement for larger pumps
 CE (Test-21), Objective Solutions, 07, May 2016 (9)
and control equipment. Costs for increased
electrical supply systems such as
substations may increase significantly.
Operating costs will increase due to higher
energy costs because of pipeline losses.
W ith different costs having opposite
relations to rising main size, as optimal
pipeline size may be found.
4 1. Procurement costs
of rising main
2. Procurement cost of
1
pumping station
3. Energy costs
2 4. Total costs
3 56. (a)
Pipe size
Flow velocity
51. (c)
The ordinary reinforced cement concrete
pipes are manufactured in India as per the
provisions of IS 458-1988. They are widely
used as distribution mans and pumping
mains and are available in diameters ranging
from 80 to 1200 mm. They are generally
available in three classes (i.e. P1, P2 and
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P3) as shown below.
Category Dia. Available Test pressure Places where
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used
(kN/m )
Class P1 80 – 1200 mm 200 Used on gravity
mains
Class P2 80 – 600 mm 400 Used on
pumping mains
Class P3 80 – 400 mm 600 – do –
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52. (c) Soil pipes : These drain night soil. The soil
fixtures such as laterines and urinals are
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all connected through branch pipes.
Whereas, the sludge fixtures such as baths,
sinks, wash basins, etc are all connected
through branch pipes to the vertical waste
pipe.
A water-closet (W.C.) is a water flushed
plumbing fixture, designed to receive the
human excreta directly and is connected
to the soil pipe by means of a trap.
Sometimes, the term W.C. is applied not
only to represent the particular sanitary
fitting but to the entire compartment or the
room (toilet) in which this fixture is placed.
53. (b)
Leather tanneries produce chromium
bearing residue and sludge.
54. (b) BOD5 = L 1  10  K D .t 
KD(T) = KD(20)[1.047]T–20
 KD(30) > KD(20)
55. (a)
Loss of dissolved oxygen during test = D.O
bedore testing – DO after testing
= 8 – 2 = 6 mg/l
 BOD of waste-water = Loss of oxygen ×
Dilution factor
100
= 6  600 mg/l
1
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The intensity of vertical stress,
3 Q
E
z  5
x 2
2 2 z
 r 
2 1    
T
  z  
So, the vertical stress does not depend
S upon the modulus of elasticity and the
poisson’s ratio. But the solution has been
derived assuming that the soil is linearly
elastic. The stress distribution will be the
same in all linearly elastic materials.
The intensity of vertical stress just below
the load point is given by
z = 0.4775Q/z2
The vertical stress (z) decreases rapidly
with an increase in r/z ratio.
57. (a)
The point loads applied below ground surface
cause somewhat smaller stresses than are
caused by surface loads, and, therefore,
the boussinesq solution is not strictly
applicable. However, the solution in
frequently used for shallow footings, in
which z is measured below the base of the
footing.
58. (b)
An influence diagram is the vertical stress
distribution diagram on a horizontal plane
at a given depth, due to a unit concentrated
load. The influence diagrams are useful for
determination of the vertical stress at any
point on that horizontal plane due to a
number of concentrated loads applied at
the ground surface.
(10) CE (Test-21), Objective Solutions, 07, May 2016
In practice, sometimes one has to find the 63. (c)
vertical stresses under a uniformly loaded For a fully saturated clay Skemption’s pore
area of other shapes (e.g. under a strip, presssure parameter B is unity.
circular or rectangular area). For such cases,
64. (b)
Newmark’s influence charts are extremely
useful.  Pressure meter: It is an instrument used
to determine the in-situ strength of a soil
59. (a)
(or rock) zone. It is based on the principle
Westergaard’s solution assumes that there of the measurement of the pressure related
are thin sheets of rigid materials sandwiched lateral expansion of a flexible cylinder
in a homogeneous soil mass. These thin inserted in a bore hole.
sheets are closely spaced and are, therefore
SPT: It is basically meant to determine the
incompressible. These permit only downward
relative density of the sandy grounds but
displacement of the soil mass as a whole
has been empirically extended to be used
without any lateral displacement. Therefore,
for determining the allowable bearing
Westergaard’s solution represents more

closely the actual sedimentary deposits.
Just like newmark’s charts which are based
on boussinesq’s solution, Fenske’s charts
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pressure for a given settlement and also to
approximate the shear parameters of the
ground. SPT values represent resistance to

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penetration which consists of
are based on westergaard’s solution .
(i) Skin friction acting on the round surface
60. (d) A stress path is a curve which shows the of the sampler and

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changes in stresses as the load on the soil
(ii) Point resistance acting on the base of
specimen changes. It is a line drawn through
the sampler.
the points representing the maximum shear S
stress acting on the specimen as the load Both these resistances are collectively
is changed. There is no need to draw the shown in the SPT N values
complete stress circle. Static Cone penetration test: It helps to
A
determine skin friction acting on the round
61. (d)
surface of the sampler and point resistance
The intensity of vertical stress as per acting on the base of the sampler separately.
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Boussinesq’s equation
Vane shear test: It is a simple and a quick
test, which can be performed either in the
3 Q
z  x laboratory or in the field, especially on soft
5 2
2 2 z clayey soils. It determines their undrained
 r
2 1     shear strength.
S

  z  
65. (b)

 1 = 3N   2C N
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3m 52 25
=   2.78
5m 32 9
where 1 = major principal stress
62. (a)
3 = minor principal stress
1  3 200  100 1
sin  =     200  100  3 1  sin 
1 3
N =
1  sin 
 1
  = sin1   This is a Rankine’s passive pressure case.
3
66. (b)
Time of value closure t = 4.5 sec.
 The time taken by the sound wane to travel
to and fro the valve is

3 1 2L 2  3000
 t  = C  1500  4 sec
 CE (Test-21), Objective Solutions, 07, May 2016 (11)
 t  < t; the value closure may be considered (b) Loss of energy due to suddern contraction,
as gradual/slow.
67. (d) V2
 Head loss due to friction in a pipe is hL = 0.5
2g
given by
(c) Loss of energy at the entrance to a pipe
hf  1
d5 V2
hL = 0.5
2g
1
 h = k. (d) Loss of energy at the exit from a pipe,
d5
V2
1 hL =
 h = k. 5 2g
d
  (e) Loss of energy due to gradual contraction
2

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or enlargement

 32   V1  V2 2

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 5 hL = K
h  d   32 2g
 =
h  1
 5 (f) Loss of energy in bends
d 

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V2
 h = 32 h hL = K
2g
68. (d)
An equivalent pipe is a single pipe of uniform
diameter and having same length, same
S (g) Loss of energy in various pipe fittings,
A
V2
discharge and same loss of energy or head hL = K
2g
as a compound pipe consisting of several
pipes of different lengths and different Here applying continuity equation,
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diameters connected in series. The diameter A1V1 = A2V2

of equivalent pipe is given by Dupuit’s
equation as  A2 
 V1 = V2  A 
 1
L L1 L2 L3
   ...
S

=
D 5 D15 D52 D53
V1  V2 2 A
2
 V
  2  1 2
2

Where, L = L1 + L2 + L3 + ...  hL =
2g  A1  2g
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D = diameter of equivalent pipe;

70. (d)
L1, L2, L3, ... length of different pipes
Momentum equation is not used in Hardy-
connected in series; and D1, D2, D3, ... =
cross method.
diameters of different pipes connected in
71. (c)
series.
69. (c) fLQ2
hf =
The minor losses of energy are those which 12.1D5
are caused on account of the change in
For equivalent pipe both hf and Q are same.
the velocity of flowing fluid. Some of the
losses of energy which may be caused due 0.012  L2 Q2
0.015  100 Q2
to the change of velocity are indicated  =
12.1(200)5 12.1(400)5
below:
(a) Loss of energy due to sudden enlargement, 5
 400  0.015
 L2 =     100
V1  V2 2  200  0.012
hL =
2g = 4000 m = 4 km
(12) CE (Test-21), Objective Solutions, 07, May 2016
72. (d)  Fx  0
Supersaturated flow: Nozzles FAB cos q + FBC = 0
Surging and choking: Rotary compressors
2
Cavitation: Hydraulic pumps and turbines FBC = – 2 5 P
5
Specific speed: Turbo machines
FBC = –4P
73. (c)
Specific speed of a turbine Ns = NP1/2/
H5/4.
FCA
74. (c)
At joint C
N Q  4P 4P
Specific speed of pump:  3/4  .
H 
 
2P
Low specific speed of turbine: Impulse

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turbine.  Fy = 0
Pumping viscous oil: Screw pump.
FCA – 2P = 0

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Draft tube: Reaction turbine. FCA = 2P
75. (b)
FAB : FBC : FCA = 2 5 : 4 : 2

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An axial flow pump is one in which the fluid
enters parallel to the axis of 80. (d)
rotation and leaves in axially tangential 81. (d)
plane. It is used for the cases of high
capacity and low head.
S There is no significance of setting of levelling
instruments over any point, only staff has
significance in R.L.
76. (c) Force in member BC
A
A theodolite can be use as a level when air
 MA  0
bubble of altitude bubble in center.
FBC × 6 + 10 × 5 – 25 × 10 = 0 Turning point is a point about which
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instrument is shifted, it is not where an

200
FBC =  33.33kN instrument is located.
6
82. (a)
77. (a) If B.S. < F.S. then staff reading at B.S.
78. (c) station is less.
S

Reaction at left support = 35 kN In reciprocal levelling curvature error,

FPQ cos 45° = 35 refraction error and collimation error.
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At change point B.S. and F.S. are taken.

35 83. (b)
FPQ =  35 2 (tension)
cos45 84. (b)
85. (b)
79. (c) Vertical reaction Vc = 2P (  )
Correction due to curvature and refraction,
HC × 1 – 2P × 2= 0
C = 0.0673 D2 m
HC = 4P but D = 1400 m = 1.4 km
HA = –4P  C = 0.0673 × (1.4)2 m
At joint B 86. (b)
87. (a)
FAB
60° and 30° At lower culmination
FBC Zenith distance ZA = ZP + PA =
2P
 90      90   
FAB sin q – 2P = 0
=  90  49 50    90  70 10  = 60
FAB = 2 5P
Altitude = 90° – 60° = 30°
 CE (Test-21), Objective Solutions, 07, May 2016 (13)
88. (b) = 104000 N
1st Fall of level = 2.745 – 1.825 = 0.920m Nominal transverse (one way) shear
2nd Fall of level = 1.605 – 0.925 = 0.68m = F /Bd
= 104000/(2000 ×
0.92  0.68
True fall of level =  0.8m 200) = 0.26 N/mm2
2
98. (b)
RL of Q = 126.385–0.8 = 125.585m
Transverse Reinforcement is greater of
89. (c)
90. (b) 1
(i) of maximum diameter of longitudinal
91. (c) 4
92. (a) 1
bars =  16  4mm
93. (c) 4
94. (d) (ii) 6 mm

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For B.G. standard rail length = 12.8 m So, we use 6 mm and spacing is minimum
of
640
Total no. of rails required =  50 rails (i) Least dimension of column section =

E
12.8
400 mm
No. of sleepers per rail = 13+5 = 18
(ii) 16  min = 16 × 12 = 192 mm

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Total no. of sleepers required = 50×18
= 900 (iii) 300 mm
95. (c) Hence, Use 6 mm dia @ 190 mm c/c

Equilibrium superelevation =
GV 2
S 99. (b)
100. (c)
A
127R
101. (d) Two approaches may be used for the
2 assessment of duration for activity
1.676  65 completion. The first approach is the
=
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127  650 deterministic approach in which we may

= 0.0858 m assume that we know enough about each
job or operation, so that a single estimate
= 8.58 cm
of their durations is sufficiently accurate to
96. (a) give reasonable results. This approach is
S

97. (a) R.C. squre footing followed by CPM users.

Length = 2 m, The second approach is the non-
B = 2000 deterministic approach or the probabilistic
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
apporach in which one may only be able to
Effective depth, d = 200 mm
state limits within which it is virtually certain
P = 320 kN that the activity duration will lie. Between
b = 300 mm these limits we must guess what is the
= size of column probability of executing the activity. This
Oneway transverse shear approach is followed by PERT planners.
= ? The three time estimates to (optimistic time),
tp (persimistic time). and tL (most likely
We know,
time) are defined on the Beta distribution.
F = q [(B – b)/2 – d] B If the exact shape of the probability
where, q Net upward pressure = load on distribution curve is known the average time
the column/footing area = 320 × 103/(2000)2 or expected time could be a accurately
= 0.08 N/mm2 calculated. However, since the precise
Net effective shear force, curves are never available (specially for non-
F = 0.08 [(2000 – 300)/ repetitive jobs) we must use approximation.
This is done algebraically using a weighted
2 – 200] 2000
av erage deriv ed by statisticians. In
(14) CE (Test-21), Objective Solutions, 07, May 2016
computing the expected time, a weightage
of 1 is given to the optimistic time to,
weightage of 4 to most likely time (tL) and
weightage of 1 to the most persimistic time
(tP).
t o  4tL  t p
Thus tE =
6 tubewells, larger discharge can be obtained
The above expression for tE, based on
weighted average method, is reasonable
since the chance of completion of the job
in to or tp is much less than the most likely
time (tL).
102. (b)
All the projects consist of certain activities
that can begin only after certain others are
completed. In fact, the entire project may
be considered as a series of activities which
may begin only after another activities or
activities are completed.
When two chains of activities have a
common event, wholly or partly independent
of each other, a dummy activity is used to S is a spatial curved surface of the shape of
establish proper logical relationships.
103. (b)
A
A transition curve introduced between the
tangent and the circular curve should fulfil
the following conditions :
M
1. It should be tangential to the straight.
2. It should meet the circular curve tangentially
3. It curvature should be zero at the origin on
straight.
S
4. Its curvature at the junction with the circular
curve should be the same as that of the
circular curve.
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5. The rate of increase of curvature along the
transition should be the same as that of
increase of cant or super-elevation.
6. Its length should be such that full cant or
super elevation is attained at the junction
with the circular curve.
104. (a)
The discharge from an open well is generally
limited to 3 to 6l/s. Mechanical pumping of
small discharges available in open wells is
therefore not economical. To obtain large
discharge mechanically, tubewells, which
is a long pipe or a tube, is bored or drilled
deep into the ground, interceting one or
more water bearing strata. The discharge
of an open well is smaller because:
(i) Open wells can tap only the top most or at
the most the next lower water bearing
stratum.
(ii) Water from open wells can be withdrawn
only at velocity equal to or smaller than the
critical velocity for soil, so as to avoid the
danger of the well subsidence. But in the
by getting a larger velocity as well as a
larger cross-sectional area of the water
bearing strata.
105. (a)
BOD/COD ratio always is less than 1.0;
but this value shall approach towards 1.0
with the decreasing amount of NBO’s.
R
If this ratio is found to be between 0.92 to
1.0, the wastewater can be considered to
E
be virtually fully biodegradable.
106. (b)
An isobar is a curve joining the points of
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equal stress intensity. In other words, an
isobar is a contour of equal stress. An isobar
an electrical bulb or an onion. The curved
surface is symmetrical about the vertical
axis passing through the load point.
107. (c) When such deposits have a void ratio greater
than the critical void ratio and are subjected
to a sudden shearing stress, their volume
decreases and pore pressure increases. The
soil momentarily liquefies and behaves as
a dense fluid. If the deposits are compacted
to a void ratio smaller than the critical void
ratio, the chances of liquefaction are
reduced.
108. (c) A person can easily walk on damp sand
near the sea beach because it possesses
strength due to capillary moisture. On the
same sand in saturated conditions, it
becomes difficult to walk as the capillary
action is destroyed.
109. (a) Granular soil is frictional.
110. (c)
SUDDEN ENLARGEMENT
v1
 CE (Test-21), Objective Solutions, 07, May 2016 (15)
Energy lost is because of turbulebce. 114. (a) Runway is usually oriented in the
Amount of turbulence depends on the direction of prevailing winds. The head
difference in pipe diameters. wind i.e. the direction of wind opposite
to the direction of landing and take-off,
 v12  provides greater lift on the wings of the
hL = K   aircraft when it is taking off. As such
 2g 
the aircraft rises above the ground much
The value of K is determined experimentally. earlier and in a shorter length of runway.
During landing, the head wind provides
SUDDEN CONTRACTION
a breaking effect and the aircraft comes
vena contracta to stop in a smaller length of runway.
Landing and take-off operations, if done
along the wind direction, would require
v1 v2 longer runway.
115. (d)

R
116. (c) When chlorine is added to water, it
loss is given by
f orm s hypochl orous aci d or
hypochlorite ions, which have an

E
 v 22 
hL = K   immediate and disastrous effect on
 2g  most forms of microscopic organisms.

T
Note that loss is related to the velocity in pH  5
Cl2  H2O   HOCl  HCl
the second (smaller) pipe.
The hypochlorous acid is unstable and
 The loss is associated with the contraction
of flow and turbulence. S may break into hydrogen ions and
hypochlorite ions
A
 The section at which the flow is the pH  8

HOCl  H  OCl
narrowest-vena contracta. pH  7 

 At vena contracta, the velocity is maximum. The hypochlorous acid is the most
M

Energy losses for sudden contraction are destructive being about 80 times more
less than those for sudden enlargement. effective than the hypochlorite ions.
117. (b)
111. (b)
118. (c) The cant provided by raising the outer edge
M
S

112. (a) If the eccentricity, e  u is relatively of the pavement with inner edge forming
Pu the pivot point is to avoid drainage problem.
small, the axial compression behaviour
In this case vertical alignment of the road
predominates and the consequent failure is
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is altered and centre line also get damaged.

termed compression failure. On the other
hand, if the eccentricity is relatively large 119. (d) IRC suggests following procedure for design
the flexural behaviour predominates and the of superelevation
consequent failure is termed as tension (i) Find e (superelevation) for 75% of
failure. design speed neglecting friction
113. (a) IRC recomments for spiral transition curve 0.75V 2
because it fulfills the requirement of an ideal e =
gR
transition curve
(ii) If e is less than 7% (0.07) then it is
i.e.,
provided. If e > 7% then we follow next
(a) rate of change of centrifugal acceleration steps
is constant (smooth) and
(iii) Find coefficient of friction for maximum
e = 0.07 with full design speed
 1
(b) For spiral  Ls   and its calculation
 R V2
f =  0.07
and field implementation is very easy. gR
(16) CE (Test-21), Objective Solutions, 07, May 2016
If f < 0.15 then e = 0.07 is safe for
design speed else,
(iv) Alternative speed is found using max.
value of coefficient of friction and
maximum superelevation
Va2
= 0.15 + 0.07
gR
Va = 0.22gR
If allowable speed is greater than design
speed the design is adequate. If allowable
speed is less than design speed, the speed
is limited to allowable speed and warning
sign, speed regulations signs are installed.
So, Assertion is wrong as per step (i)
and Reason is correct as per step (iv)
120. (a) On rotating the pavement about centre line
the vertical profile of the centre line remains
unchanged; outer edge is banked and inner
edge is depressed. It has disadvantage as
it will cause drainage problem due to
depressing of lower or inner edge below the
general level. So generally rotation about
inner edge is favoured for attaining
superelevation to avoid drainage issue. So,
Assertion is correct and Reason is correct
explanation of Assertion. Ans is (a).

R
E
T
S
A
M
S
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