Journal of Research and Opinion

Received 22 July 2020 | Accepted 2 Aug 2020 | Published Online 6 Aug 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15520/jro.v7i8.74
JRO 7 (8), 2763−2769 (2020) ISSN (O) 2589-9058 | (P) 2589-904X IF:2.1

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Tensile Strength Analysis of Polymer Composite Materials Fiber Reinforced

in The Fiber boat Application
∗
Rezza Ruzuqi
1
Marine and Fisheries Polytechnic, Abstract
Sorong City, Indonesia Tensile strength analysis of polymer composite materials (PCMs)
fiberglass-reinforced is important for fiber boat manufacturing. It is
one of mechanical properties can be determined by carrying out tensile
testing. Tensile testing is very important for fiber boat. In this research
each test was carried out on variations in the amount of fiberglass
lamination CSM 300, CSM 450 and WR 600 and the variation in weight
percentages of 99.5% -0.5%, 99% -1%, 98.5% -1 , 5%, 98% -2% and
97.5% -2.5% have been used. The results show that the more laminates,
the tensile strength increases, and the more the weight of the hardener,
the tensile strength decrease obtained.
Keywords: Tensile Test, Polymer Composite Materials (PCMs)
Fiberglass-reinforced, Fiber Boat

1 INTRODUCTION

M
echanical property is one that represents
the ability to accept loads/forces/energy.
The mechanical properties of materials re-
flect the relationship between the load/force/energy FIGURE 1: Analogy of composite materials
received by a material and the reaction has given or
the deformation that will occur. Mechanical proper-
ties of material consist of strength, hardness, elas- aluminum materials, polymer composite materials
ticity, rigidity, plasticity, toughness, fatigue, and (PCM) fiberglass-reinforced have a modulus of elas-
crawling. The composite material is a material that ticity and low fatigue strength (1, 2). Polymeric
has a multi-phase system composed of reinforcing
Supplementary information The online version of
materials and matrix materials, as shown in Figure 1.
this article (10.15520/jro.v7i8.74) contains supple-
Polymer Composite Materials (PCM) Fiberglass- mentary material, which is available to authorized
reinforced has proven advantages when applied users.
in the marine environment. The benefits includ-
ing lightweight, strong, easy to print, and the Corresponding Author: Rezza Ruzuqi
price is cheap. Then, when compared to steel and Rezza Ruzuqi

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TENSILE STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF POLYMER COMPOSITE MATERIALS FIBER REINFORCED
IN THE FIBER BOAT APPLICATION
materials are divided into two types; thermosets and
thermoplastics (3, 4). In the marine industry, the
application of polymer composite materials (PCM)
fiberglass-reinforced has been carried out by (5–7).
As for the application of polymer composite mate-
rials (PCM) fiberglass-reinforced in shipbuilding /
even submarine shipments (2, 8–10).
In marine applications, generally the choice of re-
inforcement is simplified because cost constraints
render the more expensive high-performance rein-
forcements such as carbon and aramid unattractive.
The emphasis for bulk use is strongly on glass fiber.
This has been used in a variety of forms including
unidirectional tows, woven and stitched fabrics, and
chopped random mats. Meanwhile, Polymer Com-
posite Materials (PCM) Fiberglass-reinforced has
been widely used as a substitute for carbon fiber and
aramid. To improve the quality of the boat or even
submarines made from fiberglass composite materi-
als, researchers conducted studies on the variation of
reinforcement and matrix to obtain the best mechan-
ical, physical, and chemical properties (2, 6–8, 11–
13). From the results obtained, fiberglass composite
material has been proven to be able to replace carbon
fiber and aramid when applied in the marine field.
In this research, Hardener type MEPOXE (Methyl
Ethyl Ketone Peroxide) and PoliesterYukalac 157®
BTQN-EX as a matrix were used each materials
are produced by PT KAWAGUCHI KIMIA IN-
DONESIA and PT JUSTUS SAKTI RAYA. Poli-
esterYukalac 157® BTQN-EX chose because it is
specifically a manufacturing process of Fiber Re-
inforced Polymer systems (FRPs) with hand lay-up
and spray molding. (14, 15) In general, this resin
commonly used in the manufacture of fishing boats,
bathtubs, building materials, and other FRP products.
The material properties present in this resin are as
shown in Table1.
Traditionally the composite material used most fre-
quently in the Indonesia has been E-glass type in a
matrix of polyester or epoxy resin. E-glass is less
strong and slightly less stiff than the other com-
monly available glass (known as R-glass in Europe,
S2-glass in the USA and T-glass in Japan) but is
markedly cheaper as shown in Table 2. In recent
years, a number of other fibres have become avail-
JRO 7 (8), 2763−2769 (2020)
able, notably carbon and aramid, but have been gen-
erally too expensive to find more than a specialist
niche in marine structures.
In this research, used three types of E-glass; CSM
300 (Chopper Strand Mat 300), CSM 400 (Chopper
Strand Mat 400), and WR 600 (Woven Roving 600)
each produced by TAIWAN GLASS IND.CORP.
with distributors PT JUSTUS KIMIARAYA as
shown in Figure 2.
In general, this Fiber type commonly used in the
manufacture of traditional boats, bathtubs, building
materials, and other FRP products. The material
properties present in this Fiber type are as shown in
Table 3 .
Furthermore, for Fiberglass-reinforced Polymer
Composite Materials (PCM) have the strength
following the needs in boat/ship manufacturing,
it is necessary to know the mechanical properties
of the material. One characterization to determine
the mechanical properties of Fiberglass-reinforced
Polymer Composite Materials (PCM) is tensile
testing (6, 8). By using the tensile test, it to know
the ductility and toughness of materials.
2 EXPERIMENTAL AND PROCEDURES
2.1 Materials
The first research procedure was weighing and stir-
ring the resin/epoxy material with a hardener. Fur-
thermore, for polymer composite materials (PCM)
fiberglass-reinforced variations, the amount of lami-
nation used starts from layered layers to layers with
CSM 300, CSM 450, and WR 600 compositions as
calculated by Table 4 Table 4 and variations in the
use of epoxy resin plates and hardeners respectively.
99.5% -0.5% each. Then for other polymers com-
posite materials (PCM) fiberglass-reinforced, five
weight variations of the Epoxy Resins and Hardener
matrix are used, as shown in Table 5 with the amount
of reinforcement lamination used A3.
2.2 Experiment
All specimens that have been synthesized are testing
using the tensile testing machine UPD-20 model use
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Table 1: Proper es of unsaturated Polyester Resins YUKALAC 157 BQTN-EX:

Table 2: Representa ve Proper es of Some Reinforcing Fibers

FIGURE 2: Common forms of glass fibers a) CSM 300, b) CSM 450, and c) WR 600

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TENSILE STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF POLYMER COMPOSITE MATERIALS FIBER REINFORCED
IN THE FIBER BOAT APPLICATION

Table 3: Proper esof Fiber glass

Table 4: Experimental design polymer composite materials (PCM) fiberglass-reinforced reinforcement

varia ons withvaria ons of the sample matrix B1

Table 5: Experimental designs polymer composite materials (PCM) fiberglass-reinforced matrixvaria on

with varia on reinforcement A3

three times repeat the test. From the tensile test, 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

the maximum tensile and material transformation are
obtained specimens refer to ASTM D3039/D3039M,
as shown in Figure 3.
Test samples have been synthesized by repeat the test
three times with specimens of variation of reinforce-
ment specimens and matrix variations, as shown in
Tables 1 and 2, respectively. A test sample analyzed
for tensile strength and impact strength.

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FIGURE 3: Tensile test specimens (ASTM
D3039 /D3039M)
Based on tensile tests that have been carried out
on polymer composite material (PCM) fiberglass-
reinforced reinforcement variations with the shape of
the test specimen as shown in Figure 3, the tensile
strength as shown in Table 6.
TABLE 6: Tensile test results for varia ons in
reinforcing polymer composite materials (PCM)
fiberglass-reinforced
Sample Tensile Strength [MPa]
A1 59.467
A2 63.722
A3 75.816
A4 82.899
A5 87.054
Based on Table 6 the tensile strength values of
polymer composite materials (PCM) fiberglass-
reinforced are A1 = 59,467 MPa, A2 = 63,722 MPa,
A3 = 75,816 MPa, A4 = 82,899 MPa and A5 =
87,054 MPa. These results indicate that, fiberglass
reinforced polymer composite material (PCM) varies
reinforcement resulting in increased tensile value
along with the addition of reinforcement to the ma-
terial.
Based on Table 6 also, the tensile strength values
produced for each sample A1 to A5 have different,
ranging from 4 MPa to 12 MPa. The difference
influenced by differences in the type of amplifier
added. For sample A1 and A2, it has the addition of
CSM 450 amplifier type in it. So, it has a difference
in the tensile strength of 4.255 MPa. Then, for sample
A2 and A3, it has an additional type of WR 600
amplifier in it. So, it has a tensile strength difference
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of 12.094 MPa. After that, for sample A3 and A4
have the addition of CSM 300 amplifier type. The
results from the addition of the amplifier type have a
difference in the value of tensile strength 7.083 MPa.
Finally, sample A4 and A5 have WR 600 amplifier
type addition. The results from the addition of the
amplifier type difference in tensile strength obtained
are 4.155 MPa.
FIGURE 4: Tensiletest results on polymer composite
materials (PCM) fiberglass reinforced
reinforcement varia ons: A1) 4 Layers, A2) 5
Layers, A3) 6 Layers, A4) 7Layers and A5) 8 Layers
Then, the tensile test results of polymer compos-
ite materials (PCM) fiberglass-reinforced reinforce-
ment variations, as shown in Figure 4. That fig-
ure appears that samples A1 to A5 have differ-
ent fault characteristics, even in each sample. The
different fracture characteristics are above and be-
low, respectively. Besides, the shape of the fault
is also different. The form of fracture in ques-
tion is that there are residual fibers in the test
sample. Because the polymer composite materials
(PCM) fiberglass-reinforced has an inherent inho-
mogeneous and anisotropic structure coupled with
the hardening process on the material caused by
many factors.
After knowing the tensile test results on fiberglass
reinforced polymer composite material (PCM) rein-
forcement variations, then for the results obtained
from tensile testing of varying matrices on fiberglass
reinforced polymer composite material (PCM) as
shown in Table 7
Table 7 shows the tensile strength value of polymer
composite materials (PCM) fiberglass-reinforced are
B1 = 73.921 MPa, B2 = 69.117 MPa, B3 = 67.592
MPa, B4 = 65.967 MPa and B5 = 65.342 MPa. These
results indicate that the composite matrix reinforced
by polymer composite materials (PCM) fiberglass-
reinforced produces a tensile value, which decreases
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TENSILE STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF POLYMER COMPOSITE MATERIALS FIBER REINFORCED
IN THE FIBER BOAT APPLICATION
TABLE 7: Tensile test results on varia ons in ferent fracture characteristics are above and below,
the matrix of polymer composite materials respectively. Besides, the shape of the fault is also
(PCM) fiberglass-reinforced different. The form of fracture in question is that
Sample Tensile Strength [MPa] there are residual fibers in the test sample. Because
B1 73.921 the polymer composite materials (PCM) fiberglass-
B2 69.117 reinforced has an inherent in homogeneous and
B3 67.592 anisotropic structure coupled with the hardening pro-
B4 65.967 cess on the material caused by many factors.
B5 65.342

with the addition of the weight percentage of the

matrix to the material. Table 4 shows the decrease
in tensile strength in each of the samples tested. The
greatest value of tensile strength was found in the
sample B1 73.921 MPa. The results were obtained
because sample B1 had the smallest percentage of
matrix weights out of five samples, 0.5%. As for the
smallest tensile strength value, there is a sample in
B5 65.324 MPa. The results were obtained because
sample B5 had the highest matrix weight percentage
of five samples, 2.5%.
4 CONCLUSIONS
The results of tensile testing of fiberglass reinforced
polymer composite materials (PCM) with each re-
viewing the effect of reinforcement variations and
matrix variations as fiberglass boat building mate-
rials, a conclusion is obtained that the variation of
reinforcement and matrix variations affect the tensile
mechanical properties of polymer composite materi-
als (PCM) fiberglass-reinforced. The best value of
the variation of polymer composite materials (PCM)
fiberglass-reinforced to the tensile strength that is as
much as eight layers of reinforcement with a tensile
strength value 87,054 MPa. Then the best value of
the variation of the matrix polymer composite mate-
rials (PCM) fiberglass-reinforced strength of tensile
strength is the matrix content 0.5 wt .-%, with a
tensile strength value 73.921 MPa.

FIGURE 5Tensile test results on a matrix varia on
polymer composite materials (PCM)
fiberglass-reinforced: B1) 99.5%-0.5%,
B2)99%-1.0%,B3) 98.5%-1.5%,B4) 98%-2.0%
andB5) 97.5%-2.5%
Then the tensile test results of polymer composite
materials (PCM) fiberglass-reinforced matrix vari-
ations, as shown inFigure 5. That fig-ure appears
that samples B1 to B5 have different fault
characteristics, even in each sample. The dif-
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This work was supported by the Directorate of Re-
search Marine and Fisheries Polytechnic of Sorong
and Ship Construction and Shipbuilding Labora-
tory Department of Shipping Engineering Surabaya
SepuluhNopember Institute of Technology.
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How to cite this article: Ruzuqi R. Ten-
sile Strength Analysis of Polymer Compos-
ite Materials Fiber Reinforced in The Fiber
boat Application. Journal of Research and
Opinion . 2020;2763−2769. https://doi.org/
10.15520/jro.v7i8.74
JRO 7 (8), 2763−2769 (2020) 2769