1. Describe three ways to better understand and reach your audience.

Demographic Traits
Demographic traits refer to the characteristics that make someone an individual,
but that he or she has in common with others. 
Improving Your Perceptions of Your Audience
The better you can understand your audience, the better you can tailor your
communications to reach them. To understand them, a key step is to perceive clearly
who they are, what they are interested in, what they need, and what motivates them. 
Fairness in Communication
Fairness involves respect for the audience and individual members—recognizing that
each person has basic rights and is worthy of courtesy. Consider these expectations of
fairness when designing your message and you will more thoroughly engage your
audience. 

2. Why is it usually best to employ an inductive structure when delivering bad news

and a deductive structure when delivering good news and neutral news messages?
To minimize disappointment and maintain a positive relationship, the inductive strategy
is the best way to organize messages that refuse requests.
Good- or neutral-news messages follow a deductive sequence in which the message
begins with the main idea. begin with the main idea, provide details and
explanation, and end on a future-oriented closing thought. An advantage of the
deductive organization of good- or neutral-news messages is that it helps receivers save
time because they can understand the important idea and then move rapidly through the
details.
3. Provide a few examples of what can go wrong in each phase of
the Transactional Communications model (the ‘encoding / transmitting / decoding /
feedback’ process) and how to prevent them.  (There are several parts to this
question if you consider each element in the process independently).

The words “I love you” have a much different meaning if they are said through a billboard than through
a voicemail.
 The loud music while trying to converse. The transactional model says that two other types of
noise exist. Therefore,  biological factors that interfere with communication,  the forces within
that interfere with communication.  

4. Name several communications channels and discuss several factors that drive
decisions on which channel(s) to use?  Detail strengths and weaknesses of these
channels.  (There are several parts to this question).
 Like face-to-face and telephone conversation,
videoconferencing has high information richness because Receivers and
Senders can see or hear beyond just the words—they can see the Sender’s body
language or hear the tone of their voice. Handheld devices, blogs, and written
letters and memos offer medium-rich channels because they convey words and
pictures/photos. Formal written documents, such as legal documents, and
spreadsheets, such as the division’s budget, convey the least richness because
the format is often rigid and standardized. As a result, nuance is lost.

5. Match the term with its meaning

                                                      Reciprocity A You want what you can’t have, and it’s

E. .
universal. People are naturally attracted
to the exclusive, the rare, the unusual,
                                                      and the unique. If they are convinced
Scarcity
A. that they need to act now or it will
disappear, they are motivated to
action. 
                                                      Authority B. Oral communication can be slippery in
D.
memory. What we said at one moment
                                                      Commitment and or another, unless recorded, can be
B. Consistency hard to recall. Even a handshake, once
the symbol of agreement across almost
                                                      Consensus
C.
every culture, has lost some of its
symbolic meaning and social regard. In
                                                      Liking
many cultures, the written word holds
F.
special meaning. If we write it down, or
if we sign something, we are more
likely to follow through. 
C. Testimonials, or first person reports on
experience with a product or service,
can be highly persuasive. People often
look to each other when making a
 purchase decision, and the herd
mentality is a powerful force across
humanity: if “everybody else” thinks this
product is great, it must be great. 
D Trust is central to the purchase
.
decision. Whom does a customer turn
to? A salesperson may be part of the
process, but an endorsement holds
credibility that no one with a vested
interest can ever attain. 
E. The mutual expectation for exchange of
value or service. In all cultures, when
one person gives something, the
receiver is expected to respond, even if
only by saying “thank you.” There is a
moment when the giver has power and
influence over the receiver, and if the
exchange is dismissed as irrelevant by
the giver the moment is lost.
F. Safety is the twin of trust as a
foundation element for effective
communication. If we feel safe, we are
more likely to interact and
communicate. We tend to be attracted
to people who communicate to us that
they like us, and who make us feel
good about ourselves. 

6. Match these...

                        _______reasoning reaches A. Deductive
C. conclusions through the citation of
examples and is the most frequently B. Casual
used form of logical reasoning
(Walter, 1966). C. Inductive
                        _______ reasoning derives specifics
A. from what is already known. It was
the preferred form of reasoning used
by ancient rhetoricians like Aristotle
to make logical arguments (Cooper &
Nothstine, 1996).
                        ______ reasoning argues to establish
B. a relationship between a cause and
an effect. When speakers attempt to
argue for a particular course of action
 based on potential positive or
negative consequences that may
result, they are using causal
reasoning.
7. To make a writing project [A], narrow your [B], focus on [C], plan your investigation for [D],
and stay organized as you go along.
B Topic
D Information
A Manageable
C key points

8. [A] is the act of presenting arguments for change, while [B] involves the force to bring
about change. The concept of [C] assesses audience response to a [D] message.
B Motivation
D Persuasive
A Persuasion
C Measurable gain

9. Copy the sentences below, place them into the answer area, and correct for comma errors if
there are any.

Commas…  Place commas and semicolons where they should go.

1. We went to Newport Beach but did not take the ferry to Balboa Island.
2. Douglass-fir trees whose pine cones contain pine nuts can be found in most western
mountain ranges.
3. When the national anthem was over the audience sat back down in their seats.
4. Billy took the stairs to the second floor rushed into the break room and poured himself
some coffee.
5. Heather who had worked at Home Depot all winter hoped to work there again during
summer break.
10.