SWSPS ELS (18 June 08) - Final

Design of Temporary Excavation
and Lateral Support System

for the DSD Sheung Wan
Stormwater Pumping Station
By Eric Li - GCG (Asia)
Presented to the HKIE Geotechnical Division

18th June 2008
Asia HKIE Technical Talk – ELS Design for SWSPS – 18 June 2008
Sheung Wan Stormwater

Pumping Station (SWSPS)
1
Project Set Up
DSD Contract DC/2006/10
Contract Sum : HK$ 78 million (approx)
Designer : Drainage Services Department

(with GEO as in-house geotechnical consultant)
Site Supervision : DSD Drainage Project Division

(with the engagement of an IGE)
Contractor : China National Chemical Engineering Group

ELS Designer : Geotechnical Consultant Group (Asia) Ltd.
57m
~ -7.1mPD
43m
~ -5.9mPD
Pile Cap Layout Plan
2
43m
~ +4.0mPD
Retaining Wall
Pile Cap / Base Slab
~ -5.9mPD
~ -7.1mPD
Typical North-South Section
Selection of Retaining Wall Type

Wall Types Considered:
• Diaphragm Wall
• Bored Pile Wall
• Pipe Pile Wall
• Sheet Pile Wall
• No wall (open cut)
Design Objectives:
• Approximate max. 10m deep excavation
• Effective control of settlement due to excavation
and groundwater drawdown
3
Approx. Location of Site
Reclamation and Seawall Dredging Plan
Approx. Extent of SWSPS

Vertical Seawall (Indicative)
Victoria Harbour
Typical Cross Section
4
Pre-Contract Ground investigation
• 2 series in 2002 & 2006 (32 holes)
• Common sampling, field and laboratory tests
• In situ vane & pressuremeter tests
Pre-Contract Borehole Location Plan
Fill Rock Fill
Sand Fill
Marine Deposits
Alluvium
CDG
North-South Geological Section
5
Existing Salt
Water PS
Fill
Marine Deposits
Alluvium
CDG
East-West Geological Section

(away from Seawall)
Seawall Cope Line
Isopach of Soft Marine Clays
6
Small sink hole at sea wall
Seawall Cope Line
5m3 sink hole
7
15m3 sink hole
10/10/06
21/8/06
31/8/06
10/9/06
20/9/06
30/9/06
0.000
-0.100
Settlement (m)
‘SS’ Markers on Seawall SS1

SS2
-0.200 SS3
SS4
-0.300
10/10/06
21/8/06
31/8/06
10/9/06
20/9/06
30/9/06
0.000
GS20
GS21
GS24
GS25
-0.100
Settlement (m)
-0.200
‘GS’ Markers on Ground Adjacent to Seawall

-0.300 Settlement near Seawall
8
Design Considerations
Reclamation Site
Sensitive Structures nearby, i.e. WSD Pumping Station
High water table, i.e. 1.2m below existing ground level
(+3.0mPD)
Presence of thick layer of variable FILL
& soft MARINE DEPOSITS
Design Methodology
Drained and Undrained Conditions
Lateral Stability
Global Slope Stability
Base Stability
Hydraulic Stability
Dewatering
Ground Deformation / Settlement
Structural Capacities
9
Plot of SPT-N against Elevation
Plot of Undrained Shear Strength (Cu) against Elevation

10
Walings & Struts
FSP IV Sheet Pile (3 levels)
Adopted Shoring Layout Plan
Longitudinal Cross Section further from Seawall
11
Longitudinal Cross Section nearest Seawall
Transverse Cross Section
12
Penetration
(T.A.M.) Grout Jet Grout
Sheetpile
(not shown for clarity)
Elevation of Wall D
(Showing Grouting Ground Improvement)
Culvert West East
Fill
Marine Deposit Grout A
Alluvium
CDG Grout B
Finite Element Analysis

(East-West Section)
13
δmax = 115mm
δmax = 60mm
West Wall East Wall
Wall Deflection (East-West Section)
δmax = 18mm
δmax = 82mm
West Wall
East Wall
Ground Settlement (East-West Section)
14
δmax = 102mm
δmax = 88mm
South Wall North Wall
Wall Deflection (North-South Section)
δmax = 53mm
δmax = 75mm
South Wall North Wall
Ground Settlement (North-South Section)
15
Seawater
Fill (Sand)
Seawall
Tilt = 1/650
Fill (Rock) Exaggeration scale: 30
Deformation of Seawall
Slope Stability Analysis

(South Wall)
16
Principal Instrumentation :
- Ground settlement markers (SS, GS, SA)
- Inclinometers (IN, INX)
- Standpipe Piezometer (SP, PZ, PP)
- Building Tilt Marker
North Wall
West Wall
East Wall
Instrumentation Layout Plan

Outline Construction Programme

for Key Activities
17
Settlem ent agains t Tim e
0.050
H-Piling, Sheetpiling, Ground Improvement Grouting
0.000
Excavation
-0.050
Pile Cap
-0.100
Settlement (m)
-0.150
-0.200
-0.250 ‘SS’ Markers on Seawall

-0.300 SS 3 S S2 SS1 SS 4
-0.350
ay-07
01-Nov-06
ar-07
01-Nov-07
01-Aug-06
01-Jan-07
01-Apr-07
01-Jun-07
01-Aug-07
01-Jan-08
01-Jul-07
01-Sep-06
01-Oct-06
01-Dec-06
01-Feb-07
01-Sep-07
01-Oct-07
01-Dec-07
01-M
01-M
D ate
Settlem ent agains t Tim e
0.000
-0.100
-0.200
Settlement (m)
-0.300
-0.400
‘GS’ Markers on Ground Adjacent to Seawall

-0.500
GS23 GS24 GS20
-0.600
ay-07
01-Nov-06
ar-07
01-Nov-07
01-Aug-06
01-Jan-07
01-Apr-07
01-Jun-07
01-Jul-07
01-Aug-07
01-Jan-08
01-Sep-06
ct-06
01-Dec-06
01-Feb-07
01-Sep-07
ct-07
01-Dec-07
01-M
01-O
01-O
01-M
D ate
Ground Settlement Time Plot behind North Wall (Seawall)
Settlement against Time
0.000
H-Piling, Sheetpiling, Ground Improvement Grouting
-0.050
Excavation
-0.100 Pile Cap
-0.150
Settlement (m )
-0.200
-0.250
-0.300
-0.350
-0.400
-0.450 GS31 GS34 GS28
-0.500
01-May-07
01-Nov-06
01-M ar-07
01-Nov-07
01-Aug-06
01-Jan-07
01-Apr-07
01-Jun-07
01-Jul-07
01-Aug-07
01-Jan-08
01-Sep-06
01-Oct-06
01-Dec-06
01-Feb-07
01-Sep-07
01-Oct-07
01-Dec-07
Date
Ground Settlement Time Plot behind East Wall
18
GS28 (6.2m) GS31 (9.6m) GS34 (15.6m)
Predicted δmax = 82mm
Inclinometer IN2 (1m)
Predicted δmax = 115mm
Ground Deformation behind East Wall

(due to excavation only)
Settlement against Time
0.010
0.000
-0.010
-0.020
Settlement (m)
-0.030
-0.040 Predicted δmax = 18mm
-0.050
-0.060
SS13 SS9 SS10 SS14
-0.070
10-Oct-06
24-Oct-06
07-Nov-06
21-Nov-06
05-Dec-06
19-Dec-06
02-Jan-07
16-Jan-07
30-Jan-07
13-Feb-07
27-Feb-07
13-Mar-07
27-Mar-07
08-May-07
22-May-07
05-Jun-07
19-Jun-07
03-Jul-07
17-Jul-07
31-Jul-07
09-Oct-07
23-Oct-07
06-Nov-07
20-Nov-07
04-Dec-07
18-Dec-07
01-Jan-08
12-Sep-06
26-Sep-06
11-Sep-07
25-Sep-07
01-Aug-06
15-Aug-06
29-Aug-06
10-Apr-07
24-Apr-07
14-Aug-07
28-Aug-07
Date
Ground Settlement Time Plot behind West Wall
19
Displacement (mm)
0 5 10 15
4.0
2.0
0.0
-2.0
-4.0
Elevation (mPD) -6.0

"+" toward excavation
-8.0 Predicted δmax = 60mm
-10.0
-12.0
-14.0
-16.0
Inclinometer IN5 (1m)
-18.0
Ground Deformation behind West Wall

(due to excavation only)
Jet grouting
• Jet grout cuts insitu soft clay and mixes that with
injected cement
• Disturbed clay is displaced to surface in slurry
form
• Jet nozzle is typically 1.4mm to 3mm dia.
• Applicable to more cohesive soils where T.A.M.
grouting may not work
20
Temporary casing for
drilling through fill.
Withdrawn prior to jetting.
(optional)
Soil Overburden
PVC tubing to assist spoil

return. (optional)
Jet Grout Zone
Typical Set up of Jet Grouting

(Double Tube Method)
Ref. : CNCEC
1. Set up rig 2. Drill to toe level 3. Test jetting
5. Simultaneously withdrawal and 6. Jet grout completed.

4. Commence Jetting rotation of grout string to next level Withdraw grout string
Sequence of Jet Grouting Ref. : CNCEC
21
Jet grout parameters
• Jet grout parameters adopted at SWSPS
Target grouted dia. = 1500 – 2000 mm
Grout pressure = 300 – 400 bars
Air pressure = 8 - 12 bars
Withdraw rate = 13 to 15 min/m
Rotation rate = 6 – 7 rev/step
• Target strength & stiffness

UCS = 600 kPa
Elastic modulus = 150 MPa
22
23
Jet Grout Core Sample
24
Hole S5 Hole S2
(UCS: typically 7-10 MPa, sometimes >40 MPa)
Jet Grout Core Sample
T.A.M. Grout Core Sample
25
T.A.M. Grout Core Sample
Sheetpiling (by push-in method)
• Suitable in area where vibration is undesirable

• With limited penetration depth
• Difficult to overcome obstruction
• Tend to be more costly
26
Sheetpiling by push-in method
At SWSPS
• Giken rig with special tool to
overcome obstruction (up to 1m)
• Maximum 24m long sheet pile
• Limited to Type IV sheetpile
Ref : Giken Seisakusho Co. Ltd

Sheetpiling by push-in method
27
Augering to assist penetration
28
Drilling through Obstructions
Cutter Head for Rock Obstructions
29
Alignment out-of-line when
encountering obstructions
Groundwater leaking through

retaining wall
30
Excavation in progress
Disposal by barge
31
Installing waling and strut
Excavation completed
32
Concreting in progress
Concreting in progress
(3 concrete pumps & 13 concrete trucks)
33
Foundation Completed
海濱
園林景觀工程設計
長廊
散石徑／
散石徑／太極區
小型廣場
綠化天台
海
濱
方形花園
長
廊
觀賞園林
遮雨蓬
長椅
散石徑
裝飾性街燈
Asia HKIE Technical Talk – ELS Design forRef.
SWSPS
: DSD– 18 June 2008
34
Before Commencement After Completion
Ref. : DSD
Summary
Issues to be considered in ELS design

• Site history
• Site characterization
• Design parameters (drained or undrained)
• Design objective and constraints
• Retaining wall installation effects
• Economy and construction programme
35
Acknowledgement
• Drainage Services Department

• China National Chemical Engineering Corp
• Hyder Consulting Limited
Thank You !
36

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Design of Temporary Excavation

and Lateral Support System

By Eric Li - GCG (Asia)

Presented to the HKIE Geotechnical Division

Sheung Wan Stormwater

Designer : Drainage Services Department

Site Supervision : DSD Drainage Project Division

Contractor : China National Chemical Engineering Group

Pile Cap Layout Plan

Pile Cap / Base Slab

Typical North-South Section

Selection of Retaining Wall Type

Reclamation and Seawall Dredging Plan

Approx. Extent of SWSPS

Typical Cross Section

Pre-Contract Borehole Location Plan

Fill Rock Fill

North-South Geological Section

East-West Geological Section

Seawall Cope Line

Isopach of Soft Marine Clays

5m3 sink hole

‘SS’ Markers on Seawall SS1

‘GS’ Markers on Ground Adjacent to Seawall

Plot of Undrained Shear Strength (Cu) against Elevation

Adopted Shoring Layout Plan

Longitudinal Cross Section further from Seawall

Transverse Cross Section

Culvert West East

Finite Element Analysis

West Wall East Wall

Wall Deflection (East-West Section)

Ground Settlement (East-West Section)

South Wall North Wall

Wall Deflection (North-South Section)

South Wall North Wall

Ground Settlement (North-South Section)

Fill (Rock) Exaggeration scale: 30

Slope Stability Analysis

Instrumentation Layout Plan

Outline Construction Programme

-0.250 ‘SS’ Markers on Seawall

Settlem ent agains t Tim e

‘GS’ Markers on Ground Adjacent to Seawall

Ground Settlement Time Plot behind North Wall (Seawall)

Settlement against Time

-0.100 Pile Cap

-0.450 GS31 GS34 GS28

Ground Settlement Time Plot behind East Wall

Predicted δmax = 82mm

Inclinometer IN2 (1m)

Predicted δmax = 115mm

Ground Deformation behind East Wall

Settlement against Time

-0.040 Predicted δmax = 18mm

Ground Settlement Time Plot behind West Wall

Elevation (mPD) -6.0

-8.0 Predicted δmax = 60mm

Ground Deformation behind West Wall

PVC tubing to assist spoil

Jet Grout Zone

Typical Set up of Jet Grouting

1. Set up rig 2. Drill to toe level 3. Test jetting

5. Simultaneously withdrawal and 6. Jet grout completed.