Your Project Name and T

By

Musab bin Abid

2016-GCUF-05690

Nida Azam

2016-GCUF-04756

Project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements

for the degree of

BACHOLAR OF SCIENCE (BS)

IN

COMPUTER SCIENCE

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

GOVERNMENT COLLEGE UNIVERSITY,
FAISALABAD
Sep, 2020

I
 DECLARATION

The work reported in this thesis was carried out by me under the supervision of
Mr. Rao Sohail Iqbal Asif Department of Computer Science GC University, Faisalabad
Pakistan.
I hereby declare that the title of documentation “CNC MACHINE FOR DRAWING ON
PAPER” and the content of project are the product of my own research and no part has been
copied from any publish source (except the references, standard mathematical or genetic models
/equations /formula/protocols etc.). I further declare that this work has not been submitted for
award of any other degree /diploma. The University may take action if the information provided is
found inaccurate at any stage.

Signature of the Student:

Registration No. 2016-GCUF-05690

Signature of the Student:

Registration No. 2016-GCUF-04756

II
 CERTIFICATE BY THE PROJECT SUPERVISOR

We certify that the contents and form of thesis submitted by Musab bin
Abid, Registration No. 2016-GCUF-05690 and Nida Azam, Registration
No. 2016-GCUF-04756 has been found satisfactory and in accordance
with the prescribed format. We recommend it to be processed for the
evaluation by the External Examiner for the award of degree.

Internal Examiner

Name:

Signature:

External Examiner

Name:

Signature:

Chairperson

Signature with Stamp……………………………

iii
III
 ABSTRACT

use 12pt font size………………………………………………………… for abstract

 Table of Contents
1 Introduction 1

1.1 Literature Review 2

1.2 Problem Definitions 3

1.3 Objectives 3

1.4 Working Principle with diagram 4

1.5 Advantages 4

1.6 Limitations 5

1.7 Applications 5

2 Market Survey 6

2.1 For Product 7

2.2 For various parts used 8

3 Technical specifications of project 9

3.1 Arduino 10

3.2 CNC shield 12

3.3 Stepper motor drive 13

3.4 CD-ROM 14

3.5 Project setup 14

V
4 Design 15

4.1 X-Y axis 16

4.2 Pen setup (Z axis) 16

4.3 Base holding whole setup 17

4.4 Circuit diagram 18

4.5 Final setup 19

5 Detail Drawing of parts 20

5.1 CD-drive X-Z axis 21

5.2 CD-drive Y-axis 23

6 Assembly drawing 25

6.1 Assembly drawing 26

7 Bill of Material 27

7.1 Bill of Material 28

8 Cost Estimation 29

8.1 Cost Estimation 30

8.2 Cost of Components 30

8.2.1 Direct cost 31

8.2.2 Indirect cost 32

8.2.3 Grand total 33

9 Sequence of Operations 34

9.1 Sequence of Operations 35

10 Assembly 36

10.1 Disassembling drives and soldering 37

10.2 Mounting of drive case and finishing 38

10.3 Connecting the electronics 39

10.4 Software installation 40

10.4.1 MakerCam.com 40

10.4.2 Grbl software 42

11 Testing and observations 43

11.1 Testing of operation 44

11.1.1 SMPS testing 44

11.1.2 MakerCam testing 45

11.1.3 Grbl testing 46

11.1.4 CD-drive testing 46

11.2 Observations 47

12 Result 48
12.1 Result 49

13 Conclusion and Future scope 50

13.1 Conclusion 51

13.2 Future scope 51

14 List of suppliers & Reference 52

14.1 List of suppliers 53

 List of Figures

1 Working principle 4

2 Arduino Uno 10

3 CNC shield 12

4 Stepper motor drive 13

5 CD-ROM carriage 14

6 CD-ROM carriage for 3 axis 16

7 Z-axis 16

8 Base holding whole setup 17

9 Circuit diagram 18

10 Final setup 19

11 CD-drive X-Z axis 3d 21

12 CD-drive X-Z axis 2d 22

13 Cd-drive Y axis 3d 23

14 Cd-drive Y axis 2d 24

15 Detail Assembly 26

16 Soldering strip wires with CD-drive 37

17 Mounting of drive case 38

18 Connecting CD-drive with Arduino 39

19 MakerCam.com 40

20 Grbl software 42

21 SMPS testing 44

22 MakerCam testing 45

23 Testing Grbl 46

24 CD-drive testing 46

25 Name result 49

26 Bismillah result 49

27 Paris Market 53

28 Shoaib Electronics 53

29 Madina Electronics 53
 List of Tables

1 Market survey for product 7

2 Market survey for various parts used 8

3 Arduino Uno R3 specification 11

4 CD-ROM specifications 14

5 Project setup 14

6 Bill of materials 28

7 Cost of components (direct cost) 31

8 Indirect cost of project 32

9 4-pin connectors 39

10 Observations table 47
 Acknowledgement

Firstly, we are thankful to ALLAH ALMIGHTY who blessed us with knowledge to

complete this project. We truly acknowledge the cooperation and help make by Name of
Mr. Umer Sarwar, teacher and the Project Coordinator of Department of
Computer Science of Government College University Faisalabad for his help and
guidance throughout this project. He has been a constant source of guidance throughout
the course of this project. He helped in requirement gathering and specification.

MUSAB BIN ABID

2016-GCUF-05690

NIDA AZAM

2016-GCUF-04756
Chapter 1
Introduction

1
 Introduction

1.1 Literature Review

1.2 : Problem Definitions

The parts that had been short-circuited by giving false voltage are as follows:

1.3 : Objectives
1.4 : Working Principle

1.5 : Advantages
1.6 : Limitations

1.7 : Applications
Chapter 2
Market Survey
 Market Survey
2.1: For Product

"CD-ROM CNC PLOTTER" is nothing but the principle project based on 3D printers
and mini CNC cutting machines as well. 3D printers or mini CNCs are available at
various prices in market.

Following are some lists of products available in market:

Sr. No. Product name Price

1. Precision 3D printer 60,000 RS

2. Prusa i3 3d printer DIY 18,000 RS

3. Prusa Rework 3D printer kit 34,000 RS

4. Shapeoko 2 DIY Desktop CNC kit 40,000 RS

5. Laser Engraver Engraving Cutting Machine DIY CNC 31000 RS

Kit

There are number of CNC 3D printers/ mini CNC machines which cost above 40,000

Hence our "CD-ROM CNC PLOTTER" which is the principle project cost just
10000 - 12,000 approximately.
 2.2: For various parts used
Different parts used in the project is selected depending upon its requirement and
its market pricing by visiting different places in Grant Road and online search as
well.

Following are the list of parts with their pricing:

Sr. No. Part Name Price

1. Arduino Uno R3 Online and at 500 – 1000 RS

shops
2. CNC shield V3 500 – 1000 RS

3. Stepper motor drive 500-700 RS

4. CD-ROM online and at shops 500-700 To 2000-

used 3000 RS

5. Servo Motor 400-500 RS

 Chapter 3
Technical Specification of
Project
 Technical Specification of project

3.1 : Arduino Uno R3:

Arduino is the heart of the project; hence it should be selected by proper selection.
In our project we have selected Arduino Uno R3 which only runs on G-codes. The
Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P. It has 14 digital
input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16
MHz quartz crystal, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset
button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect
it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery
to get slatted

The board features an Atmel ATmega328 microcontroller operating at 5 V with

2Kb of RAM. 32 KB of ash memory for storing programs and 1 Kb of EEPROM for
storing parameters. The clock speed is 16 MHz, which translates to about executing
about 300,000 lines of C source code per second. The board has 14 digital I/ O pins
and 6 analog input pins. There is a USB connector for talking to the host computed a
DC power jack for connecting an external 6-20 V power source.

Serial Out (TX)

Serial In (RX)

Reset Button

In circuit Serial
Programmer

AT mega 328
Microcontrollers

Analog in pins (0-5)

Fig. 2: Arduino Uno

 PARAMETERS SPECIFICATIONS

Micro-controller ATmega328p

Operating voltage 5V

Input voltage (recommended) 7 - 12 V

Input voltage (limits) 20V

Digital I/O pins 14

DC current per I/O pins 40 mA

Flash memory 32 kb (of which 0.5 kb is used by

bootloader)
SRAM 2 kb

EEPROM 1 kb

Clock speed 16 MHz

3.2 : CNC Shield:
CNC shield consists of 4 axis control drives on it i.e. X-Y axis for only motion and Z-
axis for the cutting tool depth/motions, whereas the last axis i.e. A-axis is for the
optional for providing the rotational motion to the cutting tool such as rotational
motion for drilling operation, etc.

Each axis has 3 jumpers that can be set to configure the micro stepping for the axis.

Fig. 3: CNC Shield

3.3 : Stepper Motor drive:
 Fig. 4: stepper motor drive

A stepper motor is used to achieve precise positioning via digital control. The motor
operates by accurately synchronizing with the pulse signal output from the controller
to the driver. Stepper motors, with their ability to produce high torque at a low speed
while minimizing vibration, arc ideal for applications requiring quick positioning
over a short distance.

Stepper motors enable accurate positioning with ease. They are used in various types
of equipment for accurate rotation angle and speed control using pulse signals.
Stepper motors generate high torque with a compact body and are ideal for quick
acceleration and response. Stepper motors also hold their position at stop, due to their
mechanical design. Stepper motor solutions consist of a driver

A4988 stepper drive Used in Pololu stepper driver boards and the G3D driver.
Identical and pin compatible to A4983, but also pull-up on MI and motor short circuit
protection. Full-, 1/2-, 1/4-, 1/8-, and 1/16-step modes.
3.4 : CD-ROM carriage:

CD-ROM consist of a stepper motor having lead screw which guides the carriage forward or
backward.

Following are the CD-ROM Specifications:

Parameters Specifications

Total size 15 x 9 cm

Reciprocating motion ranges Max. 5 x 5 cm

3.5 : Project Setup:

It consists of all parts i.e. CD-ROMs, wooden base, shield, SMPS, Electrical circuit that is
Arduino CNC stepper drive, etc.

Following are the Specification of whole project setup

Parameters Specification

Size 30 x 30 cm
Height 30 cm
Wood thickness 20 mm
Chapter 4
Design
 Design
4.1 : X-Y axis:

Fig. 6: CD-ROM carriage for 3 axis

CD-ROM carriage case is used for operating 3 axis i.e. X-Y-Z axis respectively. In
this project two carriages are used for X-Y axis just for giving the motions to the
plotting table, whereas the 3' carriage is used for plotter depth motions i.e. for Z axis.

Length:15 cm

Width:9 cm

Table motions size: 5 x 5cm

4.2 : Pen setup (Z axis):

Fig. 7: Z-axis
4.3 : Base setup:

Fig. 8: Base setup

1. Total height:10 cm
2. Width: 10 cm
3. Total number of wood planks: 2 (one for Horizontal y axis and one for vertical holding of Z-
axis)
4. Thickness of each wooden plank: 2 cm
4.4 : Circuit Diagram

Fig. 9: Circuit diagram

4.5 : Final Setup:

Fig.10: Final setup

 Chapter 5
Detail Drawings of parts
 Detail drawings of parts

5.1: CD-drive X-Z axis:

Fig. 11: X-Z axis 3d

5.2: CD-drive Y axis:

Fig. 13: CD-drive Y axis 3d

 Chapter 6
Assembly Drawing
6.1: Assembly Drawing:

Fig. 15: Detail Assembly

 Chapter 7
Bill of Materials
7.1: Bill of Material:
 Chapter 8
Cost Estimations
 Cost Estimation

8.1: Cost Estimation

The machine tool designer must famish the management with an idea of how much
tooling will cost, and how much money the productions methods save over specified
run. This information is generally furnished in a form of cost worksheets. By
referring to the cost worksheets and final cost of machine is calculated.

Cost estimation is defined as the process of forecasting expenses that are incurred to
manufacture a product. These expenses take into account all expenditure involved
in designing and manufacturing with all the related service facilities such as
material handling, heat treatment and surface coating, as well as portion of general
administrative and selling costs.

8.2: Need of Cost Estimation:

1. Determine the selling price of a product for a quotation or contract, m as to
ensure a reasonable profit to the company.
2. Check the quotations supplied by the vendors.
3. Decide whether a part or assembly is economical to be manufactured in the
plant or is to be purchased from outside.
4. Determine the most economical process or material to manufacture a
product.
5. Initiate means of cost reduction in existing production facilities by using new
materials which result in saving due to lower scrap loss and revised
methods of tooling and processing.
6. To determine standards of production performance that may be used to
control costs.
8.2 : Cost of components:

8.2.1 Direct cost:

Sr. No. Part Name Quantity

Unit Price

1. Arduino Uno R3 + Cable 2 1600

1. CNC Shield 2 1100
3. SMPS 1 584
4. CD-Drive or DVD Drive 4 1600
5. Bread Board 1 90
6. Jumper wires set of (12) 4 200
(Female-male)
7. Strip wires set of (12) 4 20
8. Nut & bolts,Screws, and 20 200

other mechanical components

9. Stepper motor driver 4988 4 1600

10. Plywood planks 2 300
11. Glue Gun & Glue 1 500
12 Micro Servo Motor MG90S 2 600
13 Kawia, Soldier and paste 3 600
14 Plastic Sheet and Box 2 1000
15 5-volt Charger or Battery 2 800
16 Black Color Spray 1 500

Rs 11294
Total 55
8.2.2 Indirect cost:

Sr. No. Parameter Cost (RS)

1. Transportation cost 600

2. Project report cost 800

Total cost RS 1400

8.2.3 Grand Total:
Grand total = Direct cost + Indirect cost

= 11,294 + 1400

Grand Total = RS 12,694

 Chapter 9
Sequence of Operations
 9.1: Sequence of Operations
Following is the flow chart of all operations of the “CD-ROM CNC PLOTTER
Chapter 10
Assembly
 Assembly

10.1 : Dismantling of Cd-drives and Soldering:

The first thing to do, that is often overlooked, is to remove the front panel on the drive
tray. To do this, force eject the drive tray by sticking a paperclip into the eject hole.
Once the tray is pulled out, the front panel should snap off by pulling the bottom of it
forward and then pushing it up. When that's done, then unscrew the bottom plate of
the drive and remove the metal drive casing as well as the plastic front panel.

Fig. 16: Soldering strip wires with Cd-drive

The reason we want this specific part of the optical drive is because it offers a motor, track,
and housing that can mechanically provide a smooth backward and forward movement,
which is
deal for a CNC axis. While not used in this project, brush-fewer motors make great
motors for quadcopters.

It also required extend the stepper motor wires. Most stepper motors have a ribbon
cable that connects to the main board. Cut them off and solder four new wires to the
pin terminals. Color code is preferred to identify the path of each wire.

10.2 : Mounting of drive case and finishing hardware:

Fig. 17: Mounting of drive case

The drive cases are needed to be mount on the horizontal and vertical plane for
getting the axis motions. For this two of drive case carriage on the vertical plane foe
getting the motion for Y-Z axis in which Z-axis is for cutting or plotting depth. And
finally, one drive case on horizontal plane for getting the X-axis.

And all three drive cases are mounted on the wooden planks i.e. two drive cams on
vertical plank and one drive case on horizontal plank, respectively. And here we have
completed our hardware setup.
 10.3 : Connecting the electronics:

Fig. no 18: Connecting Cd-drive with Arduino

The Arduino Uno is the device that will be controlling everything. It is essentially the
"brains" of the device. But by itself, it has issues controlling the stepper motors directly.
To resolve all Arduino/Stepper motor issues, "Stepper Motor Drivers" are required for
each motor. Then the stepper motors relate to stepper drivers by strip wires and jumper
wires connected via bread board for connection as well as connecting stepper drivers with
Arduino Uno with by using CNC shield.

Now it comes for power supply. Here power is supplied by SMPS (Switch Mode Power
Supply) in which 4-pin connector is used for giving power supply. For this yellow wire
(+12V) is short with the black wire (ground wire) to start the SMPS and to get the power
supply.

Following are the 4-pin connector specification:

Wire Color DC voltage Used for

Yellow +12 V Motors

Black GND -
Black GND -
Red +5 V Logic circuit
10.4 : Software Installation:
Till now all the hardware is assembled and now only one thing is remaining i.e.
installing software’s to run the project. The software’s that are required for this
project are MakerCam.com and Garble software.

CNC machine runs on a programming language called as "G-codes". The

MakerCam itself converts respective shape into G-codes but Arduino has a difficult
time in interpreting G-codes. Thus G-code interpreter program is essential called as
Grbl.

10.4.1 : MakerCam:
The Grbl Controller software requires G-Code converted images. If you would like to
create your own images, you will need to convert your image to SVG first. Then you
can go to the website makercam.com and upload it. Alternatively, the MakerCam
website also allows you to insert basic shapes by going to "Insert" and then selecting
your desired shape.

Fig. 19: MakerCam.com

Following are the steps to generate a shape:

1. Using the Arrow tool (from top left toolbar), select your entire image.
2. Move it to the bottom left comer of the grid.
3. You can pan around the grid by selecting the Hand tool from the toolbar. Use it
to drag the image back to the center of the screen.
4. From the upper right corner of the page, change the measurements to cm.
5. Using the scale option from "Edit > Scaled Selected", scale the object down and
move it so that it fits within the single square that is in the comer of the grid.
6. With the image still selected, go to "Cam > Follow Path Operations". Change
the target depth to -1, the safety height to 1 and the step down to 0.1 and then
click OK.
7. Then go to "Cam > Calculate Selected" to calculate the path.
8. Lastly, go to "Cam > Export G-code" to save the G-Code of your image.
10.4.2 : Grbl software:

Fig. 20: Grbl Software

CNC machine runs on a programming language called as "G-codes". The MakerCam itself
converts respective shape into G-codes but Arduino has a difficult time in interpreting G-
codes. Thus G-code interpreter program is essential called as Grbl.

Following are the steps to install Grbl on Arduino:

1. Download the Grbl Hex file for your specific version of Arduino (We used version 0.8c
for my Atmega328 Arduino Uno)
2. Download the X-Loader software.
3. Connect your Arduino to your PC.
4. Using the X-loader software, select the Grbl Hex file you downloaded, select your
Arduino from the dropdown menu, and select the COM port that the Arduino is connected
to.
5. Click "Upload" to upload the Grbl software to your Arduino.
 Chapter 11
Testing and Observation
 Testing and Observations

11.1: Testing of operation:

11.1.1: First test the SMPS (Switch Mode Power Supply):

Fig.21: SMPS testing

The permissible voltage for Arduino Uno is 12V, hence there must be constant
output as 12 V otherwise the whole circuit will be burnt down.

For doing this first of all short the yellow wire (+12V) with the black wire (ground
wire) to start the smps and to get the constant 12V power supply as well.
 11.1.2: Testing MakerCam.com:

Fig.22: MakerCam testing

For using MakerCam internet should be present as it is an online open source software.
First of all, a geometrical shape has to be select e.g. Star shape has selected.

Select whole shape and select scale and put 10. Now drag the image to the bottom left
origin of axis and select Follow Path Operations. Finally select calculate the path for giving
depths and export the image in G-codes.
11.1.3 : Testing of Grbl software:

Fig.23: Testing of Grbl

Testing of Grbl software consists of selecting the suitable scale for motion range
based on available motion range of cd-drive. And it involves in checking of each axis
individually one by one for finding any fault in it.

11.1.4 : Testing of CD-drives:

Fig.24: CD-drive testing

It involves testing the proper working of stepper motor. The main thing is soldering the strip
wires with the stepper motor, if it is not properly soldered then the motor may not run.

11.2: Observations:
Following is the observation table for shapes like square and star:

Time

Trial no. Geometric Generating Plotting Totaltime

shape time (min) time (min)

1. Square 3 2 5

Star 3 3.5 6.5

2.

3. Name 3 4 7

4. Bismillah 5 5 10

In above table Star shape is more time consuming as compared to square as it has more
dimensions than that of square.
Chapter 12
Result
12.1: Result:
By the integrating hardware and software here is the combined result of this project i.e.
plotting name and shapes.
Following results are the shapes plotted by "CD-ROM CNC MACHINE":

Fig. 25: name result

Fig. 26: Bismillah result

 Chapter 13
Conclusion & Future scope
 Conclusion & Future scope

13.1 : Conclusion:
In modern CNC systems, end-to-end component design are highly automated using
computer aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)
programs. The programs produce a computer file that is interpreted to extract the
commands needed to operate a particular machine by use of a post processor, and then
loaded into the CNC machines for production. Since any particular component might
require the use of a number of different tools - drills. saws, etc.

With the increasing demand for small scale high precision parts in various industries,
the market for small scale machine tools has grown substantially. Using small
machine tools to fabricate small scale parts can provide both flexibility and
efficiency in manufacturing approaches and reduce capital cost, which is beneficial
for small business owners. In this project, a small scale three axis "CNC
PLOTTER" is designed and analyzed under very limited budget.

13.2 : Future scope:

Actual industrial CNC milling:

It is planned to scale up the prototype CNC machine in terms of size, use more
powerful motors, strengthen the frame and worktable with materials like
aluminum or cast iron. and augment the CNC control software with software for
simulation ahead of actual run. The implementation of 3D printing technology to
the same hardware abstract is going for printing of 3D models.
The PCB Mill:
In the manufacturing of precise PCBs (Printed Circuit Board) i.e. etching or
printing the conductive paths which connects the different electronic components
to one another on a board.
Mobile protector Cutting:
In the manufacturing of Mobile Protector, the machine which is use to cutting the
protector with exact size is also based on CNC and use Laser instead of pen. we
give size of protector to machine using G code and it cuts the cover with exact size
CNC Designing:
In industrial manufacturing and designing of Wood or Clothes or Bed Sheet sewing
mostly CNC machines use to design.
 Chapter 14
List of suppliers &
Reference
 List of Suppliers

14.1: List of suppliers:

Paris Electronic Market Bhawana Bazar Faisalabad

Fig. 27: Paris Market

1. Shoaib Electronics:

Fig. 28: Shoaib Electronics

2. MADINA Technology:

Fig. 29: Madina Electronics