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1. 50 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide, 4. 50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide,
NaOH solution is added to 50 cm 3 of 2.0 mol NaOH is added to 20 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3
dm-3 sulphuric acid, H2SO4 in a plastic cup. sulphuric acid, H2SO4. Given that the heat of
The results are shown below: neutralization of this reaction is -57.3 kJ
Initial temperature of NaOH solution = mol-1, calculate the heat energy given out in
29.0 °C the experiment.
Initial temperature of H2SO4 = 29.0 °C A 2.292 kJ
Highest temperature of the mixture= 29.0 °C B 2.865 kJ
(a) Which solution is in excess? C 22.92 kJ
(b) Calculate the heat of neutralization D 28.65 kJ
between NaOH solution and H2SO4.
[Specific heat capacity of solution = 5. 100 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 potassium
4.2 J g-1°C-1; density of solution = 1 g cm-3] hydroxide solution is added to 100 cm3 of
2.0 mol dm-3 nitric acid. Given that the heat
2. When 100 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 potassium of neutralization of this reaction is -57.3 kJ
hydroxide, KOH is added to 100 cm 3 of 1.0 mol-1, calculate the change of the
mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid, HCl the temperature of the mixture.
temperature rise of the mixture is 14°C. A 3.41°C
Predict the temperature rise in each of the B 6.82 °C
following cases. C 13.64 °C
(a) 200 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 potassium D 27.28 °C
hydroxide, KOH solution is added to
200 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric 6. The heat of neutralization between ethanoic
acid, HCl. acid, CH3COOH and sodium hydroxide,
(b) 100 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 potassium NaOH solution is -55 kJ mol-1. This value is
hydroxide, KOH solution is added to lower than the heat of neutralization
100 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 hydrochloric between nitric acid, HNO3 and sodium
acid, HCl. hydroxide, NaOH solution which is -57.3 kJ
(c) 100 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 potassium mol-1.
hydroxide, KOH solution is added to Which of the following explain the
100 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric difference of the heat of neutralization
acid, HCl. above?
A Neutralization between ethanoic acid,
3. The following shows the thermochemical CH3COOH and sodium hydroxide, NaOH
equations for 2 neutralization reactions. solution absorbs more energy.
HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) B Neutralization between ethanoic acid,
ΔH= -57.3 kJ mol-1 CH3COOH and sodium hydroxide, NaOH
HNO3(aq) + KOH(aq) KNO3(aq) +H2O(l)
solution need less energy to break the bonds
ΔH= -57.3 kJ mol-1
C Ethanoic acid release more energy during
The heat of neutralization of the 2 reactions
is the same because the ionization in water to produce hydrogen
A HCl is a strong acid whereas HNO 3 is a ions
weak acid. D Some of the heat given out during
B KOH is a strong alkali whereas NaOH is a neutralization reaction is used to ionize the
weak alkali. ethanoic acid molecules completely to
C both reactions only involve hydrogen ions produce hydrogen ions, H+.
and hydroxide ions.
++
Exercise 4 (Heat of Combustion) A 669.5 kJ
B 535.6 kJ
C 334.75 kJ
1. The thermochemical equation for the
D 267.8 kJ
complete combustion of ethanol is shown
below:
5. The heat of combustion of methanol,
C2H5OH(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l)
CH3OH is -728 kJ mol-1. Calculate the mass
ΔH= -1376 kJ mol-1
Assume that there is no heat lost to the of methanol to produce 1092 kJ of energy.
surroundings, calculate the mass of ethanol [Relative atomic mass: H,1: C,12: O,16]
needed to burn completely in excess oxygen A 60 g
in order to raise the temperature of 200 cm 3 B 48 g
of water by 30 °C. C 36 g
[Specific heat capacity of solution = 4.2 J g -
1 D 24 g
°C-1; density of solution = 1 g cm -3; relative
atomic mass: H,1: C,12: O,16]
6. 0.32 g of a hydrocarbon X was burnt
2. The heat of combustion of ethanol C 2H5OH completely and the heat energy given out
is -1376 kJ mol-1. Calculate the fuel value raised the temperature of 200 cm3 of water
of ethanol? by 12°C. Calculate the heat of combustion
[Relative atomic mass: H,1: C,12: O,16] of the hydrocarbon X.
[Relative atomic mass: H,1: C,12: O,16]
3. Table below shows the heat of combustion A -913.5 kJ mol-1
of methanol and ethanol. B -547.3 kJ mol-1
C -1082 kJ mol-1
D -1827 kJ mol-1
Alcohol Heat of combustion
(kJ mol-1)
Methanol -728
Ethanol -1376