Chem 120 SI Vuyo 19 August 2023

Thermochemistry

1. Define the following terms.

a. system
b. surrounding
c. heat
d. specific capacity
e. calorimetry

2. A 10.0 g sample of silver is heated to 100 °C and then added to 20.0 g of water at 23.0
°C in an insulated calorimeter. The final temperature of the mixture was measured and
found to be 25.0 °C. Calculate the specific heat of silver. Specific heat capacity of water
= 4.184 J g-1 oC-1

3. A 0.5865-g sample of lactic acid (HC3H5O3) is burned in a calorimeter whose heat

capacity is 4.812 kJ/°C The temperature increases from 23.10 °C to 24.95 °C.
4. Use Hess’s law to calculate ΔHf° for the reaction:
N2O(g) + NO2(g) → 3NO(g)
Given that:

I) N2(g) + O2(g) → 2NO(g) ΔH° = +180.7 kJ

II) 2NO(g) + O2(g) → 2NO2(g) ΔH° = ̶ 113.1 kJ
III) 2N2O(g) → 2N2(g) + O2(g) ΔH° = ̶ 163.2 kJ
 Thermodynamics
2.1 Define
a. Entropy
b. Free energy (Gibbs)
c. Spontaneous and nonspontaneous reactions

2.2 Predict whether ∆S is positive or negative for each process, assuming each occurs at
constant.
a. H2O (l) → H2O (g)
b. Ag+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) → AgCl (s)
c. What do you expect for the sign of ∆S in a chemical reaction in which two moles of
gaseous reactants are converted to three moles of gaseous products?

2.3 Calculate ∆Sorxn for the oxidation of NO with O2, So O2 = 205.1 J K-1 mol-1,
NO2 = 210.8 J K-1 mol-1 NO = 240.0 J K-1 mol-1

2NO(g) + O2(g) → 2NO2(g)

2.4 calculate ∆Go for the following reactions. Indicate whether each reaction is spontaneous
at 298 K under standard conditions.

2.5 ∆Gof (kJ/mol) NO = 83.71, N2O = 103.59, NO2 = 51.84, SO2 = -300.4,

SO3 =-370.4, O2 = 0

a. 2 SO2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2SO3 (g)

b. NO2 (g) + N2O (g) → 3NO (g)

2.6 Calculate the Sof a chemical reaction, when the values of ΔG° and ΔH° at 50 °C are –
1617 kJmol–1 and –1577 kJ mol–1, respectively.

2.7 From the standard free energy change, ΔGorxn, which is -16.37 kJ mol-1 for the formation
of 1.00 mol of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen, calculate the equilibrium constant
for this reaction at 25°C
 Electrochemistry

3.1 A 1 M solution of Cu(NO3)2 is placed in a beaker with a strip of Cu metal. A 1 M solution

of SnSO4 is placed in a second beaker with a strip of Sn metal. A salt bridge connects the
two beakers, and wires to a voltmeter link the two metal electrodes.
a. Which electrode serves as the anode and which as the cathode?
b. Which electrode gains mass and which loses mass as the cell reaction proceeds?
c. Write the equation for the overall cell reaction

3.2 Using the standard reduction potentials listed calculate the equilibrium constant of the
following reaction at 298 K.
Cu(s) + 2 Ag +(aq) → Cu2+(aq) + 2 Ag(s)

3.3 A cell has a standard cell potential of +0.177 V at 289K K. What is the value of the
equilibrium constant for the reaction if n = 3

3.4 A voltaic cell is constructed that uses the following reaction and operates at 298K:
Sn2+ (aq) + Pb(s) → Sn(s) + Pb2+(aq)
If the concentration of Sn2+ in the cathode half-cell is 1.00 M and the cell generates an
emf of +0.22V, what is the concentration of Pb2+ in the anode half-cell?

3.5 Calculate the amount of time, in hours, it would take to deposit 0.635 g of copper at the
cathode during the electrolysis of copper(II) sulfate solution if a current of 0.200 A is
applied.
 Chemical kinetics

4.1 The reaction of 2 NO (g) + O2(g) → 2 NO2 (g) is second order in NO and first order in
O2. When [NO] = 0.040 M and [O2] = 0.035 M the observed rate of disappearance NO is
9.3x10-5 M/s.
a. What is the rate of disappearance of O2 at this moment?
b. What is the value of the rate constant?

4.2 Consider the following reaction between mercury (II) chloride and oxalate ion:
HgCl2 (aq) + C2O42- (aq) → 2 Cl- (aq) + 2 CO2 (g) + Hg2Cl2 (s)

The initial rate of this reaction was determined for several concentrations of HgCl2 and
C2O42- , and the following rate data were obtained for the rate of disappearance of C2O42-

Experiment [HgCl2] (M) [C2O42-] (M) Rate (M/s)

1 0.164 0.15 3.2 x 10-5
2 0.164 0.45 2.9 x 10-4
3 0.082 0.45 1.4 x 10-4
4 0.246 0.15 4.8 x 10-5

a. What is the rate law for this reaction?

b. What is the value of the rate constant with proper units?
c. What is the reaction rate when the initial concentration of HgCl2 is 0.100 M and
that of C2O42- is 0.25 M if the temperature is the same as that used to obtain the data
shown?