SMART MOBILITY

ELECTIVE
ASSIGNMENT 1
 INTRODUCTION
The paper “Conception of Future Integrated Smart Mobility” describes that 21st century’s transportation system
is increasingly evolving due to technological advancements and current social challenges that we face in the
transportation system. The paper explains experimental transportation technology to be used in the near future.
It makes a strong comparison between today’s active transportation system and highlights the improvements that
are possible in the near future due to technological innovation.
The paper introduces the concept of telematics, which states that an electronics sub-system part of every mode of
transportation, especially road based, is connected with all active transportation vehicles to communicate safety
information with each other. This would streamline communication system between vehicles, and it all becomes
part of one share telematics-based shared mode. Along with a solid communication system, the need for drivers
will be eliminated and give way for fully autonomous vehicles. This remove any margin for human error and will
effectively lead to a decrease in mishaps, congestion, accidents and an increase in effective traffic management.
The paper makes comparisons of the current transportation system with the proposed and continuously evolving
future urban transportation system and states the advantages of have an integrated system with autonomous
vehicles.
EXPLANATION OF 5 TERMS:

• AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE: An autonomous vehicle is a vehicle capable of sensing its environment

and operating without any human involvement. A self-driving car uses a combination of sensors, cameras,
radar and artificial intelligence (AI) to travel between destinations without a human operator. . An
autonomous car can go anywhere a traditional car goes and do everything that an experienced human
driver does. Autonomous driving is changing the way we view vehicles and mobility. Next-generation cars
will not just enable transportation: They will also enhance passenger safety, comfort, and entertainment.
How Autonomous Vehicle work?
AI technologies power self-driving car systems. Developers of self-driving cars use vast amounts of data
from image recognition systems, along with machine learning and neural networks, to build systems that
can drive autonomously. The neural networks identify patterns in the data, which is fed to the machine
learning algorithms. That data includes images from cameras on self-driving cars from which the neural
network learns to identify traffic lights, trees, curbs, pedestrians, street signs and other parts of any given
driving environment

Figure 1. Autonomous
Vehicle technology
 Figure 3. Inside an Autonomous Vehicle Figure 2. Futuristic vision of Autonomous vehicle

Benefits of Autonomous Vehicle Technology:

1. It will save the time that we used to spend on travelling meanwhile we can utilize that time sitting inside a
self-driving car.
2. It could ease the traffic and congestion of roads.
3. It will prove to be beneficial in reducing day to day car accidents.
4. With autonomous vehicle being popular we can see a gradual shift in privately owned vehicles.

• DEMAND RESPONSIVE TRANSPORT: Demand Responsive Transport is a combination of both

public and private transportation services to provide an experience similar to an on-demand mobility
service. This could be the answer to bridge the gap between public transport and private vehicles. It is an
emerging form of transport characterized by its passenger-oriented nature. It is a combination of regular
public transport and personalized taxi system, usually serving areas that lack traditional or frequent public
transport services. DRT often operates as a shared-ride transport solution between pick-up and drop-off
locations, according to passenger needs. Passengers demand fast, simple, personalized service. As a
software solution, it can combine demand-responsive services with a mobile app to respond to this
demand.

How Demand Responsive Transport works?

Passengers use a mobile app to register their request for a car service. The application uses algorithms to
match their requirements with vehicles riding in the same direction. Fleet drivers are then directed
according to the pick-up and drop-off information collected by the app from passenger requests. The
application works as route optimization software, calculating journeys according to the fastest route based
on real-time data. In addition, a mobile app allows passengers to save specific journeys, track arrivals, and
follow the route when on board.

Benefits of Demand responsive Transport:

1. Improving the estimated arrival time.

2. Demand responsive transport software can handle bookings at short notice by tracking active drivers close
to the passenger’s given location.

• TRAFFIC MODELLING: Traffic modelling is aimed to accurately recreate traffic as observed and
measured on street. It is a computer model, a mathematical model that is used to predict people’s trip
pattern and travel choices, so that we understand the uses of roads and public transport on the network..It
was developed based on modeller’s experience that integrate the mathematical models into traffic
system. Traffic modelling plays an important part in traffic engineering. It can be applied to plan and
manage the traffic within certain road network. For example, making a smooth traffic at an intersection
and etc.
• C-ITS: Cooperative ITS are Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) where ITS stations (vehicles, roadside
equipment, traffic control centres and nomadic devices) communicate and share information using a
standardized communication architecture (the ITS Station Reference Architecture), to provide road
users with better road safety, traffic efficiency, comfort, improved mobility and sustainability.
Vehicles and infrastructure equipped with C-ITS can, for example, communicate a warning to each
other, after which the drivers are informed about the upcoming traffic situation in time for them to take
the necessary actions in order to avoid potential harm. Other potential benefits of the use of C-ITS
include reduced congestion and improved driver comfort.

Features of C-ITS system:

1. CAM / Cooperative Awareness Message: a message (‘I am here’) sent by a vehicle one to ten times per
second with data on vehicles position, direction, speed etc.
2. DENM / Distributed Environmental Notification Message: warning message (eg, slippery road, crash)
sent with high priority to a vehicle based on information from the vehicle or the infrastructure.
3. SPaT / Signal Phase & Timing: information to the vehicle on traffic light state and future changes.
4. MAP: describes the physical geometry of an intersection.
5. IVI / In-vehicle information: presentation of physical road sign information in-side the vehicle.

Figure 4. C-ITS

• PARKING FACILITY OPERATORS: It is the system which manages parking facility. A system
which provides electronic monitoring and management of parking facilities. It supports an link to the
Vehicle that allows electronic collection of parking fees and monitors and controls parking meters
that support conventional parking fee collection. It also includes the instrumentation, signs, and other
infrastructure that monitors parking lot usage and provides local information about parking availability
and other general parking information. This portion of the functionality must be located in the parking
facility where it can monitor, classify, and share information with customers and their vehicles. It also
interfaces with the financial infrastructure and broadly disseminates parking information to other
operational centers in the region. Note that the latter functionality may be located in a back office,
remote from the parking facility.

Figure 5. Parking Facility

CONCLUSION
To conclude, current progress of adopting an integrated transport network is highlighted. Though the system
would work flawlessly if perfected, there are several components of the future transportation system that would
have to be addressed copiously which would take time. The paper clarifies that it only states the solution to our
current transportation system and an in-depth research would be required to adopt a more refined and error-free
transportation system. This research paves way for further study into the components of a future integrated
transport system with autonomous vehicles. It also states future research objectives which is to study future
traveler’s behavior, investigation of value of information provided for traveler and a deeper analysis of the
information management processes especially in the case TS-DRT (telematics based shared mode)