Inter Vehicle

Communication
NAMAN GAUTAM
150934038
Introduction

 The quantity of vehicles working on the streets on the planet had passed 1
billion units very long ago. This number has been anticipated to be more
than 2 billions by 2030. The use of vehicles gives numerous societal and
economical benefits.
 Be that as it may, there are many negative impacts of the excessive
utilization of car, for the most part, an expected 12 lakh individuals are
murdered in road crashes annually and more or less 5 crore individuals are
injured, around the world.
 Projections illustrate that the data mentioned will rise around 65% in the
next 25 years except if there is new conferment to aversion.
Introduction

 Over ongoing years various endeavors have been put to make a

framework that would help in the counteractive action of an accident.
 These frameworks are known as "active safety system" and vary from latent
wellbeing framework (safety belts, air sacks, and so forth), in which
intelligence components are included in the vehicles and help to prevent
mishaps.
 As years went on, the advancement of wireless systems began assuming
an imperative part towards communication between moving vehicles in a
system, encouraged and controlled by wireless system protocol. This kind
of system is normally called Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET), the
backbone of the Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) communication system.
Vehicular ad hoc network

A VANET is fundamentally obtained from Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET)

system with various similar and different characteristics.
To put it plainly, MANET is an impromptu system, i.e., a self-arranged system of
mobilehubs associated by wireless connections, where as VANET is an
exceptional sort of MANET in which the automobiles are the mobile hubs.
A Vehicular Ad Hoc Network or VANET is an innovation that utilizes moving
vehicles as hubs in a system to make a mobile system. VANET turns each
partaking vehicle into a remote switch or hub, enabling vehicles roughly 100
to 300 meters from each other to connect and, thus, make a system with a
wide range.
Vehicular Adhoc Network

 As vehicles drop out of the desired range and drop out of the system,
other new vehicles can participate, associating vehicles to each other
with the goal that a mobile system is made.
 It is assessed that the first frameworks that will incorporate this innovation
are police and fire vehicles to contact with each other for security
purposes.
 In VANET system, the hub might be an automobile or the road side units.
They can speak with each other by permitting the wireless association up
to a specific range.
Vehicular Adhoc Network

 When all said is done, VANET advancements are expected to enhance life
well being in streets through providing constant traffic data, for example,
vehicle crashes, street conditions, crisis braking, and so forth.
 The concept for some VANET applications is, vehicles intermittently
communicate signals that are basically important messages containing
data, for example, the vehicle's position and speed.
 VANET can give the driver community a superior understanding of their
driving condition and can make early move to react to an anomalous
circumstance to dodge any conceivable harm or on the other hand to
take after an optimum route by going around the traffic bottleneck
Working of the proposed system

 Vehicles taking part in the system are outfitted with on-board units (OBUs),
a wireless communication framework, a digital road map, a system for
detecting accurate location, a processor and a memory unit.
 Conveying vehicles trade data messages which ordinarily comprise of a
message header and a message body. Cases of header information
incorporate the ID of the hub which has started the transmission, the
message ID, the target zone, and so forth.
 The message body comprises of various sorts of information either crude or
handled, contingent upon the application.
Working of the proposed system

 These messages (intermittent signals) fill in as heart-beat all together for

every vehicle to know about other neighboring vehicles in the region.
 Henceforth, the message dispersal in VANET goes about as a base to help
extensive variety of utilizations from wellbeing to entertainment.
 In along these lines, a multi-hop network is shaped, where every vehicle
constantly assembles, forms, scatters information to different vehicles in the
area.
Dedicated short range
communication

 As one of the significant results of all these research, Dedicated Short

Range Communication was established. 5.850-5.925 GHz band is used by
the DSRC.
 DSRC is used for short to medium length communications that was
produced to help vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-roadside
interchanges.
 An extensive variety of utilizations, for example, vehicle-to-vehicle security
messages, movement data, toll accumulation, drive-through installment,
and a few others are bolstered by this correspondence.
 The goal of DSRC is to give high transmission rate and low communication
latency in small communication zones.
Vanet methodologies

 Keeping in mind the end goal to assess the execution of various architecture
approaches, conventions, calculations, and applications, a powerful research
methodology is required in VANETs.
 Such strategies empower analysts and designers to check the downsides and
in addition guarantee the accessibility of new proposed ways to deal with the
previously mentioned angles.
 Since VANETs have a conceivably huge scale, the presentation of another
innovation into VANETs requires long improvement and the test actualize is
extremely costly.
 When all is said in done, there are two vital and fundamental strides previously
the market presentation: (1) examination and assessment by models and (2)
examination and confirmation by field operational testing.
Vanet models

 VANETs are a large and complex overall system model, which consists of
four sub models for the different aspects: driver and vehicle model, traffic
flow model, communication model, and application model.
 Driver and Vehicle Model :- This model aims to reflect the behavior of a
single vehicle. This behavior need too consider two main factors: different
driving styles and the vehicle characteristics, such as an aggressive or
passive driver. and a sports car.
 Traffic Flow Model :- This model aims to reflect interactions between
vehicles, drivers, and infrastructures and develop an optimal road network.
Vanet models

 Communication Model :- This model is a pretty important part of research

methodologies to address the data exchange among the road users.
Thanks to the constraints of many factors (the performance of the different
communication layers, communication environment, and the routing
strategies), communication model plays an important role in the research.
 Application Model :- This model is very useful for the market introduction
because it can address the behavior and quality of cooperative VANETs
applications. This kind of model is necessary for two main reasons: (1)
different functionality and visualizations for cooperative applications are
provided by different vehicle manufacturers and (2) a prioritization of the
information and warnings is needed among the simultaneous existence of
several cooperative applications.
Field operational testing

 Field operational testing (FOT) has attracted the attention of researchers,

which aims to test and evaluate these applications at scale and covers a
much wider range of real-world scenarios. Such testing can make the
VANETs system closer to the market and generate economic value.
 Due to the high financial costs and the number of partners, FOT still
depends on the reliable results of simulations.
 On the contrary, the data from the FOT can make the network models
more reasonable and improve the performance of protocols.
 Finally, the important characteristics of FOT are as follows : (1) Real system
components (2) Real vehicles and traffic (3) All the stakeholders.
Vanet applications

 Accident alerts :- This service alerts vehicles driving towards the scene of an
accident that traffic conditions have been modified and that it may be
necessary to be more vigilant.
 It is also necessary in case of reduced vehicle density to be able to retain the
message in order to retransmit it if another vehicle enters the retransmission
zone.
 Safety messages will have to be transmitted at regular periods. Thus, the
node(s) designated to retransmit messages will transmit alert messages at
regular moments.
 Messages will have to be short to be transmitted quickly. Messages will also
need to have accident scene coordinates and retransmission zone
parameters.
Vanet applications

 Collaborative Driving :- Collaborative driving is a concept that considerably

improves road transport safety in addition to decreasing the number of victims
in accidents involving automobile vehicles.
 This innovation is based on information exchanged between vehicles
equipped with instruments (for example, sensors) enabling them to perceive
what surrounds them and to collaborate in dynamically formed groups.
 These groups of vehicles, or localized networks, can develop a collective
driving strategy which would require little or no intervention from drivers.
 In the last few years, different automated vehicle architectures have been
proposed, but most of them have not, or almost not, tackled the inter-vehicle
communication problem.
Case study

 A total of 1119 vehicle incidents recorded in 2012 were categorized as

follows: 372 rear end, 242 hit object and164 sideswipe and the rest are
others.
Case study

 Rear-end crashes represent 42 percent of the accidents. This type of

crashes can be addressed by the automated emergency braking system,
and brake lights warning system technologies. Vehicles equipped with
these technologies can react ahead of time in order to prevent the
incident.
 Sideswipe accidents represent 15 percent of the accidents. The main
causes of these accidents are not enough visibility or limited line of sight.
The side swipe accidents can be addressed by the line of sight
technology.
 Around 12 percent of the accidents are hit object. This type of crashes can
be addressed by the automated emergency braking system
Case study

 A considerable number of accidents is caused by misjudgment of the

drivers, or not enough reaction time.
 Other undefined factor accounts for Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V)
communication technology can warn the driver early about the potential
situation coming ahead so the driver can react safely.
 If we assume that in the coming years, 50 percent of vehicles will be
equipped with the V2V communication technology, the number of
accidents can be reduced significantly.
Conclusion

 The use of Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication technology is becoming

more realistic and it seems like in the near future every vehicle will be equipped
with this technology.
 V2V is envisioned to improve travel safety and reduce congestion and delay
caused by traffic accidents. All the studies prove that VANET is an emerging
development of transportation system.
 The most challenging part for the application of V2V communication
technology is the simulation and filtering of the incoming information, and
dealing with the volume of incoming data and false alarms.
 The benefits of the technology are numerous but the main challenge for future
of the technology is the filtering of the incoming data with respect to a
particular vehicle requirements.
Thank you