Comments & Explanation of Results

Viscosity of the engine oil is extremely important. It has the main effect on wear prevention,
sealing, oil economy, frictional power losses (fuel economy), and deposit formation.

Increases in viscosity are usually due to high-temperature oxidation, soot

accumulation, water and/or coolant contamination, and addition of a heavier oil.
A decrease in viscosity usually signals fuel dilution.

The critical limit of viscosity @ 100°C is ±1SAE viscosity Grade

ie: less than 16.3 cst and more than 21.9 cst
From samples results the viscosity of samples number 10 &14 is close
or slightly exceeds the lower critical limit.
Although a total reviewing of the samples results suggests that the
decrease in viscosity is due to fuel dilution rather than excessive
oxidation which is very well indicated by considerably low flash .

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Total Acid Number (TAN) measures the total amount of acidic products in the
oil. It determines the extent to which an oil has been oxidized. Oxidation can lead to
bearing corrosion and severe oil thickening.

The critical limit of TAN is 2.5 increase above the value of the fresh oil
The TAN of fresh Misr Extra MX comes in the range of 3.00 to 4.00 depending on
the production value parameters which give us a main value of about 3.5
ie: the critical limit of TAN for the Misr Extra MX is about 6

From samples results the TAN of samples number 10 ,13 &14 is above
the critical limit which is an indication of severe oil oxidation.

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Total Base Number (TBN) measures the alkalinity of the oil. As oil ages, the
alkaline additives neutralize the combustion acids, and alkalinity decreases. Operating
a component with low TBN oil can cause wear and deposit formation.
The critical limit of TBN is 2.5 min
From samples results its obvious that all the samples TBN is far from
the critical limit .

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Pentene insolubles measure the oil-insoluble materials and some oil-soluble

resinous matter that originate from oil and/or additive degradation.
The critical limit for the pentane insolubles is 3%
From samples results its obvious that all the samples pentane
insolubles is far from the critical limit .
Toluene insoluble measure the following: insoluble materials from external
contamination; fuel carbon and highly carbonized materials from degradation of fuel;
oil and additives; or engine wear and corrosion materials.
The critical limit for the toluene insolubles is 2%
From samples results its obvious that all the samples toluene
insolubles is far from the critical limit .

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Water Content measures the amount of water found in the component oil.
Water gets into the crankcase through blow-by from short trips, gasket leaks, water
pump seals, and through condensation that can occur during cool down. Moisture can
enhance oxidation by increasing polarity, produce a decline in lubricity, seriously
affect oil filter ability, and cause corrosion.
The critical limit of the water content is 0.5 % max
From samples results its obvious that all the samples water content is
far from the critical limit .

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Elemental Analysis determines the wear elements, wear metals, and contaminants
in oil. The concentration of wear metals can indicate abnormal wear if there is
baseline data. It can also indicate that an incorrect oil is being used and can be used to
monitor equipment condition.
The critical limit of the iron content is 30 ppm max
The critical limit of the coppe content is 20 ppm max
From samples results its obvious that all the samples iron & copper
content is far from the critical limit .

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NOACK Volatility measures the Evaporation Loss and The volatility of oil the
evaporation loss expressed as a percentage by mass of lubricating oils
The critical limit of the NOACK volatility is 13 %max
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Coolant/Glycol measures the coolant/glycol in the oil. Glycol breaks down at

higher engine temperatures, and when the water evaporates the glycol forms sludge
and oil ball abrasion. It can reduce filterability, and large quantities can corrode
bearings and block oil galleries.
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Fuel Dilution measures the amount of fuel in the oil. Fuel dilution is caused by
incomplete combustion from extended periods of idling . It may also be caused by
over fueling from a malfunctioning or improperly sized fuel injector or from worn
liners or piston rings.