Entrepreneurship

Véronique Schaeffer
Université de Strasbourg, BETA
The important role of SMEs in economic
growth

v Preface of the SME Policy Index ASEAN 2018

« Small and medium-sized enterprises are important contributors to employment

and inclusive economic growth around the globe, including in Southeast Asia
(…) With the creation of the ASEAN Economic Community in 2015 and the
adoption of the broader inclusive development goals of the 2030 Agenda,
policymakers in the region are progressively turning to SME development as a
way to foster equitable economic growth and to narrow substantial income gaps
between and within ASEAN Member States.»

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Creation by legal forms
(OECD, 2017)

3
New enterprise creation by main sector

4
Number of manufacturing firms

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The challenge of developing innovative
entrepreneurship

v Innovative entrepreneurship as engine of economic growth: creation of firms

with a high growth potential
• Direct creation of jobs
• Local attractivity for multinational companies
v High impact of the diffusion of digital technologies on entrepreneurial activities
v Implementation of policies all over the world to develop entrepreneurial
ecosystems

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Entrepreneurship and inclusive economic
growth

“Despite their contributions and importance to the region’s economy, SMEs

continue to face significant barriers that prevent them from achieving their full
potential. This is particularly true for women entrepreneurs who are a vital piece of
ASEAN’s economy.
We believe that unlocking the region’s entrepreneurial potential will help build
more inclusive economies and grow the middle class.”
(Forewords of the SME Policy Index ASEAN 2018)

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 Entrepreneurship and the challenge of inequality
(OECD/European Union, The Missing Entrepreneurs 2017: Policies for
Inclusive Entrepreneurship)
v Globalisation benefits to the economy in general but the concentration of
these benefits in a few hands is increasing and this contribute to create
discontentment in society
v Need to continue to support entrepreneurship, especially for groups that are
under-represented and disadvantaged in the labour market: women, youth,
seniors, the unemployed and immigrants
v Ways to support entrepreneurship: training, coaching, mentoring…
v Caution is needed when supporting entrepreneurs from these groups
• self-employment is not suitable for everyone
• It can be dangerous to support individuals who have little chance for success: failure
could have significant financial and psychological consequences for individuals

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Entrepreneurship in the field of research
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 Plan

v Part 1 The building of entrepreneurship as a field of research

v Part 2 The entrepreneurial process
v Part 3 The individual dimension of entrepreneurship
v Part 4 The contextual dimension of entrepreneurship

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 Présentation of papers

Part 1 Austin, J., Stevenson, H., & Wei-Skillern, J. (2006). Social and commercial entrepreneurship: same,
different, or both?. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30(1).
Hayter, C. S., Lubynsky, R., Maroulis, S. (2017). Who is the academic entrepreneur? The role of
graduate students in the development of university spinoffs. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 42(6).
Part 2 Sarasvathy, S. D. (2001). Causation and effectuation. Academy of management Review, 26(2).
Part 3 Brush, C. G., De Bruin, A., & Welter, F. (2009). A gender-aware framework for women's
entrepreneurship. International Journal of Gender and entrepreneurship, 1(1).
Part 4 Spigel, B. (2017). The relational organization of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Entrepreneurship Theory
and Practice, 41(1).
Goswami K, Mitchell JR, Bhagavatula S, (2018). Accelerator expertise: Understanding the
intermediary role of accelerators in the development of the Bangalore entrepreneurial ecosystem,
Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal.
Mollick E. (2014) The dynamics of crowdfunding, an exploratory study. Journal of business venturing.

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