University of Sto.

Tomas-Legazpi
COLLEGE OF LAW

COURSE OUTLINE IN CRIMINAL LAW 1

CRIMINAL LAW IN GENERAL

A. Characteristics of Criminal Law

1. Generality
 Art. 14, New Civil Code (NCC)
 RA 75
Cases: Schneckenburger v. Moran, G.R. No. 44896, July 31, 1936
US v. Sweet, G.R. No. 448, September 20, 1901
2. Territoriality
 Exceptional Circumstances (Art. 2, Revised Penal code [RPC])
3. Prospectivity
 Art. 22, RPC
 Sec. 19, EO 292
 Art. 4, NCC
Cases:
o People of the Phil. vs. Quiachon, G.R. No. 170236, August 31, 2006
o People vs. Isidoro Baldimo, G.R. No. 117818, April 18, 1997
o People v. Simon, G.R. No. 93028, July 29, 1994
o People v. De Lara, G.R. No. 94953, September 5, 1994
o Co vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 100776, October 28, 1993
o Que v. People, G.R. Nos. L-75217-18, September 21, 1987
o Magtoto v. Manguera, G.R. Nos. L-37201-02, L-37424 & L-38929, March 3, 1975
o Tavera v. Valdez, G.R. No. 922, November 8, 1902
4. Constitutional Limitations on Criminal Legislations
Cases: In re: Kay Villegas Kami, Inc., G.R. No. L-32485, October 22, 1970
People v. Villaraza, G.R. No. L-46228, January 17, 1978

B. Applicability of the Provisions of the Revised Penal Code

(Art. 2, Revised Penal Code [RPCI])
Cases:
o People v. Wong Cheng, G.R. No. L-18924, October 19, 1922
o People v. Lol-lo & Saraw, G.R. No. L-17958, February 27, 1922
o United States v. Look Chaw, G.R. No. L-5887, December 16, 1911
o United States v. Ah Sing, G.R. No. 13005, October 10, 1917
o United States v. Fowler, G.R. No. 496, December 31, 1902
o United States v. Bull, G.R. No. 5270, January 15, 1910

FELONIES AND CIRCUMSTANCES WHICH AFFECT CRIMINAL LIABILITY

A. FELONIES (Art. 3, RPC)

1. Dolo v. Culpa
Cases:
o People vs. Escote, G.R. No. 140756, April 4, 2003
o People v. Gonzalez, G.R. No. 80762, March 19, 1990
o People v. Bindoy, G.R. No. 34665, August 28, 1931
 o United States v. Ah Chong, G.R. No. 5272, March 19, 1910
o People v. Oanis, G.R. No. 47722, July 27, 1943
o People v. Silvestre and Atienza, G.R. No. 35748, December 14, 1931
o People v. Sara, G.R. No. 34140, August 15, 1931
o United States v. Divino, G.R. No. 4490, December 4, 1908
o United States v. Maleza, G.R. No. 5036, November 17, 1909
o People v. Ramirez, G.R. No. 24084, November 3, 1926
o People v. Macalisang, G.R. No. L-24546, February 22, 1968
o Soriano v. People, G.R. No. L-3008, March 19, 1951
o United States v. Mendoza, G.R. No. 13818, September 26, 1918
o People v. Mabug-at, G.R. No. 25459, August 10, 1926

2. Intent and Discernment

Cases: Guevarra v. Almodovar, G.R. No. 75256, January 26, 1989
Libi v. Intermediate Appellate Court, G.R. No. 70890, September 18, 1992
3. Criminal Intent Presumed from the Commission of Felonious Act
Cases: People v. Sia Teb Ban, G.R. No. 31695, November 26, 1929
People v. Renegado, G.R. No. L-27031, May 31, 1974
United States v. Apostol, G.R. No. 5126, September 2, 1909
United States v. Peñalosa, G.R. No. 424, January 27, 1902
People v. Taneo, G.R. No. 37673, March 31, 1933
4. When the Act is Not Unlawful; Criminal Intent is Replaced by Imprudence and Negligence
Case: United States v. Catolico, G.R. No. L-6486, March 2, 1911
5. Lack of Criminal Intent; Mistake of Fact Negates Existence of Felony
Cases: United States v. Ah Chong, G.R. No. 5272, March 19, 1910
People v. Beronilla, G.R. No. L-4445, February 28, 1955
People v. Oanis, G.R. No. 47722, July 27, 1943
People v. Mamasalaya, G.R. No. L-4911, February 10, 1953
6. Complete Absence of Criminal Intent
Cases: People v. Pacana, G.R. No. 22642-22644, December 19, 1924
People vs. Cora Abella Ojeda, G.R. Nos. 104238-58, June 3, 2004
7. When Accused is Negligent, Mistake of Fact is Not a Defense
Case: People v. De Fernando, G.R. No. 24978, March 27, 1926
8. Crime, Its Interpretation
Case: De Guzman v. Subido, G.R. No. L-31683, January 31, 1983
9. In Criminal Negligence, the Injury should be Unintentional
Case: People v. Guillen, G.R. No. L-1477, January 18, 1950
10. No Dolo, No Culpa
Case: United States v. Catangay, G.R. No. 9206, November 25, 1914
11. Mala in se and Mala prohibita
Case: People v. Quijada, G.R. Nos. 115008-09 July 24, 1996
Nierras v. Dacuycuy, G.R. Nos. 59568-76 January 11, 1990
12. Dolo, Not Required in Special Laws; Intent to Perpetuate the Act is Enough
Case: People v. Bayona, G.R. No. 42288, February 16, 1935
United States v. Siy Cong Bieng, G.R. No. 8646, March 31, 1915
United States v. Go Chico, G.R. No. 4963, September 15, 1909

B. CRIMINAL LIABILITY (Art. 4, RPC)

Case: People vs. Estrada, G.R. No. 130487, June 19, 2000
People vs. Ballesteros, G.R. No. 120921, January 29, 1998
People vs. Bautista, G.R. No. 120898-99, May 14, 1998
1. Committing a Felony even if the Wrong Produced is Not Intended by the Offender
Case: People v. Ural, G.R. No. L-30801, March 27, 1974
People v. Iligan, G.R. No. 75369, November 26, 1990
People v. Mananquil, G.R. No. L-35574, September 28, 1984
United States v. Brobst, G.R. No. 4935, October 25, 1909
2. No Felony has been committed, not criminally liable for the result
Case: People v. Bindoy, G.R No. 34665, August 28, 1931
U.S. v. Villanueva, G.R. No. 10606, September 11, 1915
People v. Salinas, G.R. No. 32070, November 19, 1929
3. Different Wrongful Acts
a. Aberratio ictus
Case: People vs. Hermogenes Flora, G.R. No. 125909, June 23, 2000
People vs. Mabug-at, G.R. No. 25459, August 10, 1926
b. Error in personae
Case: People v. Oanis, G.R. No. 47722, July 27, 1943
People v. Gona, G.R. No. 32066, March 15, 1930
People vs. Daniel Pinto, Jr., G.R. No. 39519, November 21, 1991
c. Praeter intentionem
Case: People vs. Benjamin Ortega, et al., G.R. No. 116736, July 24, 1997
People v. Cagoco, G.R. No. 38511, October 6, 1933
4. Wrong Done must Direct, Natural and Logical Consequence of Felonious Act
Case: United States v. Sornito, G.R. No. 1726, March 29, 1905
United States v. Zamora, G.R. No. 10615, November 16, 1915
People v. Cornel, G.R. No. L-204, May 16, 1947
People v. Quianzon, G.R. No. 42607, September 28, 1935
People v. Ilustre, G.R. No. 32076, March 14, 1930
People v. Reyes, G.R. No. 42117, March 29, 1935
United States v. Marasigan, G.R. No. 9426, August 15, 1914
People v. Reloj, G.R. No. L-31335, February 29, 1972
5. Felony must be the Proximate Cause of the Resulting Injury
Case: Bataclan v. Medina, G.R. No. L-10126, October 22, 1957
People v. Piamonte, et al, G.R. No. L-5775, January 28, 1954
Urbano v. IAC, G.R. No. 72964, January 7, 1988
6. Where Felony is Not a Proximate Cause
Case: United States v. Monasterial, G.R. No. 5098, October 29, 1909
7. Impossible Crime
Case: People v. Balmores, G.R. No. L-1896, February 16, 1950
Intod v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 103119, October 21, 1992
People vs. Escote, G.R. No. 140756, April 4, 2003

C. STAGES OF EXECUTION OF FELONY

Case: People vs. De la Cruz, G.R. Nos. 109619-23, June 26, 1998

1. Attempted Felony (Article 6, 3rd paragraph, RPC)

Cases:
 Araneta Jr., v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 43527, July 3, 1990
 United States v. Gloria, G.R. No. 1740, March 27, 1905
 United States v. Simeon, G.R. No. 1603, April 15, 1904
 People v. Lamahang, G.R. No. 43530, August 3, 1935
  United States v. Eduave, G.R. No. 12155, February 2, 1917
 Peoople v. Villacorte, G.R. No. L-21860, February 28, 1974
 United States v. Bien, G.R. No. 6739, October 16, 1911
 United States v. Joven, G.R. No. 12066, February 3, 1917
 People v. Kalalo, G.R. Nos. 339303-39305, March 17, 1934
 People v. Ramolete, G.R. No. L-28108, March 27, 1974
 United States v. Basa, G.R. No. L-3540, March 19, 1907
 United States v. Te Tong, G.R. No. 8654, December 29, 1913
 United States v. Villanueva, G.R. No. 307, September 12, 1902
 People vs. Medios, G.R. Nos. 132066-67, Nov. 29, 2001
 People vs. Caballero, G.R. Nos. 149028-30, April 2, 2003
 People v. Sy Pio, G.R. No. L-5848, April 30, 1954
2. Frustrated Felony (Article 6, second paragraph, RPC)
Cases:
 People v. Orita, G.R. No. 88724, April 3, 1990
 People v. Pastores, G.R. No. 104731, October 27, 1993
 People v. Dagman, G.R. No. 23133, August 20, 1925
 United States v. Eduave, G.R. No. 12155, February 2, 1917
 People v. Honrada, G.R. No. 43495, September 14, 1935
 People v. Mercado, G.R. No. 27415, November 29, 1927
 People v. Mision, G.R. No. 63480, February 26, 1991
 People v. David, G.R. Nos. 39708 & 39709, April 16, 1934
 People v. Kalalo, G.R. Nos. 33903-39305, March 17, 1934
 People v. Eriña, G.R. No. 26298, January 20, 1927
 People vs. Ravelo, G.R. Nos. 78781-82, Oct. 15, 1991
 People vs. Francisco, G.R. Nos. 118573-74, May 31, 2000
 People vs. Recto, G.R. No. 129069, Oct. 17, 2001
 People vs. Caballero, G.R. Nos. 149028-30, April 2, 2003
 People vs. Oco, G.R. Nos. 137370-71, Sept. 29, 2003
3. Consummated Felony (Article 6, second paragraph)
Cases:
 United States v. Valdes, G.R. No. 14128, December 10, 1918
 United States v. Adiao, G.R. No. 13785, October 8, 1918
 People v. Borinaga, G.R. No. 33463, December 18, 1930
 People v. Ravela, G.R. Nos. 78781-82, October 15, 1991
 United States v. Dominguez, G.R. No. 17021, February 23, 1921
 United States v. Maghirang, G.R. No. 9991, December 19, 1914
 United States v. Basa, G.R. No. L-3540, March 19, 1913
 People v. Marcos, G.R. No. 83325, May 8, 1990
 People v. Hernandez, G.R. No. 23916, October 14, 1926
 People v. Sazon, G.R. No. 89684, September 18, 1990
 People v. Salvilla, G.R. No. 86163, April 26, 1990

D. CONSPIRACY AND PROPOSAL TO COMMIT FELONY (Art. 8, RPC)

Cases:
 People v. Asaad, G.R. No. 33673, February 24, 1931
 People v. Geronimo, G.R. No. L-35700, October 15, 1973
 People v. Cantuba, G.R. No. 79811, March 19, 1990
 People v. Hernandez, G.R. No. 90641, February 27, 1990
  People v. Dorico, G.R. No. L-31568, November 29, 1973
 People v. Monroy, G.R. No. L-11177, October 30, 1958
 People v. Lagmay, G.R. No. 679373, October 29, 1992
 People v. Diño, G.R. No. L-41462, April 15, 1988
 People v. Pugay, G.R. No. 74324, November 17, 1988
 People v. Pinto, G.R. No. 39519, November 21, 1991
 Taer v. CA, G.R. No. 85204, June 18, 1990
 Siton v. CA, G.R. No. 94065, December 2, 1991
 People v. Espiritu, G.R. No. 80406, November 20, 1990
 United States v. Lim Buanco, G.R. No. 5240, November 19, 1909
 United States v. Remigio, G.R. No. L-12822, February 11, 1918
 United States v. Villarino, G.R. No. 2430, March 9, 1906
 United States v. Figueras, G.R. No. 1282, September 10, 1903

 People vs. Obello, G.R. No. 108772, January 17, 1998

 People vs. Baccay, G.R. No. 120366, January 16, 1998
 People vs. Sumalpong, G.R. No. 124705, January 20, 1998
 People vs. Lising, G.R. No. 106210-11, January 30, 1998
 People vs. Correa, G.R. No. 119246, January 30, 1998
 People vs. Cortes, G.R. No. 120920, February 12, 1998
 People vs. Robedillo, G.R. No. 95355, February 24, 1998
 People vs. Bergante, G.R. No. 120369-70, February 27, 1998
 People vs. Albao, G.R. No. 117481, March 6, 1998
 People vs. Gungon, G.R. No. 119574, March 19, 1998
 People v. Bayod, G.R. 122664, February 5, 2001
 Estrada vs. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 148965, Feb. 26, 2002
 People vs. Pangilinan, G.R. Nos. 134823-25, Jan. 14, 2003
 People vs. Buntag, G.R. No. 123070, April 14, 2004
 People vs. De Jesus, G.R. No. 134815, May 27, 2004

E. FELONIES ACCORDING TO THEIR GRAVITY (Art. 10, RPC)

Cases: People v. Deslate, G.R. No. 87807, December 21, 1990
People v. Canson, G.R. Nos. L-8848-58, May 23, 1957
People v. Muñox, G.R. Nos. L-38969-70, February 9, 1989

F. Offenses Not Subject to the Provisions of the RPC (Art. 10, RPC)
Cases:
 United States v. Serapio, G.R. No. 7557, December 7, 1912
 People v. Respecia, G.R. No. L-13569, April 29, 1960
 United States v. Basa, G.R. No. L-3540, March 19, 1907
 Navarra v. People, G.R. No. L-6469, April 29, 1955
 People v. Jolliffe, G.R. No. L-9553, May 13, 1959
 People v. Noble, G.R. No. L-288, August 29, 1946
 People v. Gonzales, G.R. No. L-1959, December 13, 1948
 People v. Parel, G.R. No. 18260, January 27, 1923
 United States v. Ponte, G.R. No. 5952, October 24, 1911
 United States v. Bruhez, G.R. No. 9268, November 4, 1914
 People v. Moreno, G.R. No. 41036, October 10, 1934
 People v. Cubelo, G.R. No. L-13678, November 20, 1959

CIRCUMSTANCES AFFECTING CRIMINAL LIABILITY

A. JUSTIFYING CIRCUMSTANCES
1. Self-defense (Article 11, no. 1, RPC)
Cases:
 Garong vs. People of the Phil., G.R. No. 148971, November 29, 2006
 People vs. Enfectana, G.R. No. 132028, April 19, 2002
 People vs. Flores, G.R. No. 138841, April 4, 2001
 People vs. Timblor, G.R. No. 118939, January 27, 1998
 People vs. Albao, G.R. No. 117481, March 6, 1998
 People vs. De la Cruz, G.R. Nos. 109619-23, June 26, 1998
 People vs. Cañete, G.R. No. 120495, March 12, 1998
 People vs. Cortes, G.R. No. 120920, February 12, 1998
 People vs. Cario, G.R. No. 123325, March 31, 1998
 People vs. Sambulan, G.R. No. 112972, April 24, 1998

a. Burden of Proof on the Accused

Cases:
o People vs. De Los Reyes, G.R. No. 140680, May 28, 2004
o People vs. Escarlos, G.R. no. 148912, Sept. 10, 2003
o People v. Sazon, G.R. No. 89684, September 18, 1990
o People v. Rey, G.R. No. 80089, April 13, 1989
o People v. Ansoyon, G.R. No. L-3, January 29, 1946
o People v. Mercado, G.R. No. L-33492, March30, 1988
o People v. Lebumfacil, Jr., J.R. No. L-32910, March 28, 1980
o People v. Clemente, G.R. No. L-23463, September 28, 1967
o People v. Talaboc, Jr. G.R. No. L-25004, October 31, 1969
o People v. Ardisa, G.R. No. L-29351, January 23, 1964
o People v. Montejo, G.R. No. L-68857, November 21, 1988
o People v. Corecor, G.R. No. L-63155, March 21, 1988
o People v. Flores, G.R. No. L-24526, February 29, 1972
o Ebajan v. CA, G.R. No. 77930-31, February 9, 1989
o People v. Orongan, G.R. No. L-32751, December 21, 1988
o People v. Evaristo, G.R. No. L-14520, February 26, 1965
o Castañares v. CA, G.R. Nos. L-41269-70, August 6, 1979
o People v. Bohoist-Caballero, G.R. No. L-23249, November 25, 1974

b. Rationale
Cases:
o People vs. Trapane, G.R. No. 134534, August 29, 2002
o People vs. Meneque, G.R. No. 129964, Aug. 29, 2000
o People v. Boholst-Caballero, G.R. No. L-23249, November 25, 1974
o People v. Sumicad, G.R. No. 35524, March 18, 1932
o US v. Mack, G.R. No. L-3515, October 3, 1907
o Castañeras v. CA. G.R. Nos. L-41269-70, August 6, 1979

c. Essential Requisites
Cases:
o People v. Catbagan, G.R. Nos. 149430-32, February 23, 2004
o People v. Uribe, G.R. No. 76493-94, February 26, 1990
o People v. Delgado, G.R. No. 79672, February 15, 1990
o People v. Batas, G.R. No. 84277-78, August 2, 1989
o People v. Cañete, G.R. No. 82113, July 5, 1989
o People v. Bayocot, G.R. No. 55285, June 28, 1989

c.1. Unlawful Aggression – Indispensable Requisite

 Cases:
o People vs. Trapane, G.R. No. 134534, Aug. 29, 2002
o Calim vs. CA, G.R. No. 140065, Feb. 13, 2001
o People v. Sazon, G.R. No. 89684, September 18, 1990
o People v. Bayocot, G.R. No. 55285, June 28, 1989
o Ortega v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 57664, February 8, 1989
o Andres v. CA, G.R. No. L-48957, June 23, 1987
o People v. Picardal, G.R. No. 72936, June 23, 1987
o People v. Apolinario, G.R. No. 38562, October 18, 1933
o People v. Alconga,G.R. No. L-162, April 30, 1947
o People v. Crisostomo, G.R. No. 38180, October 23, 1981
o US v. Guy-sayco, G.R. No. 4912, March 25, 1909
o People v. Pasco, G.R. No. L-45715, June 24, 1985
o People v. Rey, G.R. No. 80089, April 13, 1989
o People v. Lachica, G.R. No. L-38175, September 28, 1984
o People v. Mediavilla, G.R. No. 28759, September 19, 1928
o People v. Tac-an, G.R. No 76338-39, February 26, 1990
o People v. Cagalingan, G.R. No. 79168, August 3, 1990
o People v. Yuman, G.R. No. 43469, August 21, 1935
o US v. Carrero, G.R. No. L-3956, January 10, 1908
o US v. Ferrer, G.R. No. 60, November 8, 1901
o People v. Calantoc, G.R. No. 27892, January 21, 1974
o US v. Laurel, G.R. No. 7037, March 15, 1912
o People v. Berio, G.R. No. 40602, February 10, 1934
o People v. De La Cruz, G.R. No. 419634, January 31, 1935
o US v. Batungbacal, G.R. No. 12936, January 10, 1918
o People v. Gayrama, G.R. Nos. 39270 & 39721, October 30, 1934
o People v. Manansala, G.R. No. L-23514, February 17, 1970
o Valcorza v. People, G.R. No. L-28189, October 31, 1969
o Masipequiña v. CA, G.R. No. 51206, August 25, 1989

Peril to One’s Life, Limb

Cases:
 People vs. Villegas, G.R. No. 138782, Sept. 27, 2002
 People v. Cabungcal, G.R. No. 28451, August 1, 1928
 People v. Sumicad, G.R. No. 35524, March 18, 1932
 US v. Padilla, G.R. No. 2106, December 8, 1905
 People v. Montalbo, G.R. No. 34750, December 31, 1931
 US v. Laurel, G.R. No. 7037, March 15, 1912
Unlawful Aggression Must Come from the Person Attacked
Cases:
 People v. Calantoc, G.R. No. L-27892, January 31, 1974
 People v. Gutierrez, G.R. No. 31010, September 26, 1929

No Unlawful Aggression
Cases:
 Tangan vs. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No. 105830, January 15, 2002
 People v. Sabio, G.R. No. L-23734, April 27, 1967
 US v. Carrero, G.R. No. L-3956, January 10, 1908
 People v. Yuman, G.R. No. 43469, August 21, 1939
 US v. Navarro, G.R. No. L-1878, March 9, 1907
 People v. Marasigan, G.R. No. 28593, March 13, 1928
 People v. Gondayao, G.R. No. L-26240, October 31, 1969
  People v. Montereso, G.R. No. 28538, August 4, 1928
 People v. Quinto, G.R. No. 32948, November 1, 1930
 US v. Cortes, G.R. No. 12564, September 6, 1917
 People v. Lumasag, G.R. No. 34666, August 29, 1931
 People v. Roxas, G.R. No. 39630, November 13, 1933
 People v. Riduca, G.R. No. L-26729, January 21, 1974
 People v. Macaso, G.R. No. L-30489, June 30, 1975
 People v. Diaz, G.R. No. L-24002, January 21, 1974
 People v. Ardisa, G.R. No. L-29351, January 23, 1974

Unlawful Aggression No Longer Exists

Cases:
 People v. Gondayao, G.R. No. L-26240, October 31, 1969
 People v. Monteroso, G.R. No. 28538, August 4, 1928
 People v. Marasigan, G.R. No. 28593, March 13, 1928
 People v. Quinto, G.R. No. 32948, November 1, 1930
 US v. Cortes, G.R. No. 12564, September 6, 1917
 People v. Lumasag, G.R. No. 34666, August 29, 1931
 Justo v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-8611, June 28, 1956

Stand Ground When in the Right

Cases:
 People vs. Carmelo Catbagan, G.R. Nos. 149430-32, February 23, 2004
 US v. Domen, G.R. No. L-12963, October 25, 1917

Unlawful Aggression in Defense of Other Rights

Cases:
 People v. Narvaez, G.R. Nos. L-33466-67, April 20, 1983
 People v. Dela Cruz, G.R. No. 41674, March 30, 1935
 People v. Jaurigue, Adm. Matter No. 384, February 21, 1946
 People v. Luague, G.R. No. 43588, November 7, 1935
 US v. Bumanglag, G.R. No. 5318, December 23, 1909

Mere Threatening Attitude is Not Unlawful Aggression

Case: US v. Guy-sayco, G.R. No. 4912, March 25, 1909

Nature, Character, Location, and Extent of the Wound of the Accused

Cases:
 People vs. Jimmy Rubiso, G.R. No. 128871, March 18, 2003
 People vs. Constancio Candido, G.R. Nos. 134072-73, June 10, 2002
 People v. Mediavilla, G.R. No. 28759, September 19, 1928
 People v. Batas, G.R. Nos. 84277-78, August 2, 1989
 People v. Marciales, G.R. No. L-61961, October 18, 1988
 People v. Labis, G.R.No. L-22087, November 15, 1967
 People v. Constantino, G.R. No. L-23558, August 10, 1967
 People v. Panganiban, G.R. No. L-22476
 People v. Tolentino, G.R. No. 31479, November 29, 1929
 People v. Dorico, G.R. No. L-31568, November 29, 1973
 People v. Perez, G.R. No. L-28583, April 24, 1974
 People v. Aquino, G.R. No. L-32390, December 28, 1973

c.2 Reasonable Necessity of the Means Employed

 Cases:
o US v. Macasaet, G.R. No. 11718, October 31, 1916
o US v. Molina, G.R. No. 6372, March 27, 1911
o US v. Ah Chong, G.R. No. 5272, March 19, 1910

Reasonable Necessity
Cases:
 Raul Zapatos vs. People, G.R. Nos. 147814-15, September 16, 2003
 People v. Masangkay, G.R. No. L-73461, October 27, 1987
 People v. Alviar, G.R. No. 34283, September 11, 1931
 People v. Apego, G.R. No. 7929, November 8, 1912
 People v. Montalbo, G.R. No. 34750, December 31, 1931
 People v. Jaurigue, Adm. Matter No. 384, February 21, 1946
 US v. Rivera, G.R. No. 16443, March 21, 1921
 US v. Pasca, G.R. No. 9247, October 15, 1914
 People v. Rabandaban, G.R. No. L-2228, February 28, 1950
 People v. Alviar, G.R. No. 34283, September 11, 1931
 People v. Boholst, G.R. No. L-23249, November 25, 1974
 US v. Mojica, G.R. No. 17650, February 15, 1922
 US v. Mendoza, G.R. No. 1098, April 6, 1903

Test of Reasonableness; Circumstances Considered

Cases:
 People vs. Timoteo Escarlos, G.R. No. 148912, September 10, 2003
 Conradi Cano vs. People, G.R. No. 155258, October 7, 2003
 People v. Encomienda, G.R. No. L-26750, August 18, 1972
 People v. Lara, G.R. No. 24014, October 16, 1925
 US v. Paras, G.R. No. L-3959, December 16, 1907
 US v. Laurel, G.R. No. 7037, March 15, 1912
 People v. Oñas, G.R. No. L-17771, November 29, 1962
 People v. Ramilo, G.R. No. L-52230, December 15, 1986
 US v. Mack, G.R. No. L-3515, October 3, 1907
 People v. Villeza, G.R. No. L-30302, August14, 1974
 People v. Montalbo, G.R. No. 34750, December 31, 1931
 People v. Ignacio, G.R. No. 40140, November 27, 1933
 People v. Sumicad, G.R. No. 35524, March 18, 1932
 US v. Batungbacal, G.R. No. 12936, January 10, 1918
 US v. Mojica, G.R. No. 17650, February 15, 1922
 US v. Mendoza, G.R. No. 1098, April 6, 1903

c.3. Lack of Sufficient Provocation

Cases:
o Conrado Cano vs. People, G.R. No. 155258, October 7, 2003
o People v. Balansag, G.R. No. 41568, August 2, 1934
o People v. Alconga, G.R. No. L-162, April 30, 1947
o US v. McCray, G.R. No. 1166, September 29, 1903
o People v. Valencia, G.R. No. L-58426, October 31, 1984
o People v. Sotelo, G.R. No. 33304, December 13, 1930

2. Defense of Relatives (Article 11, no. 2)

Cases:
 Balunueco vs. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No. 126968, April 9, 2003
 People vs. Virgilio Caabay, ET AL., G.R. Nos. 129961-62, August 25, 2003
  People v. Eduarte, G.R. No. 72976, July 9, 1990
 People v. Agapinay, G.R. No. 77776, June 27, 1990
 US v. Esmedia, G.R. No. L-5749, October 21, 1910
 People v. Toring, G.R. No. 56358, October 26, 1990
 People v. Cabellon, G.R. No. 29221, August 8, 1928
 US v. Rivera, G.R. No. 8924, November 13, 1913
 People vs. Joven Bausing, G.R. No. 64965, July 18, 1991
 People vs. Efren Mendoza, G.R. No. 133382, March 9, 2000

3. Defense of Stranger (Article 11, no. 3)

Cases:
 People vs. Godofredo Diego, G.R. No. 130397, January 17, 2002
 People vs. SP01 Rafael Trapane, G.R. No. 134534, August 29, 2002
 People v. Moral, G.R. No. L-31139, October 12, 1984
 People v. Cabellon, G.R. No. 29221, August 8, 1928
 People v. Ancheta, G.R. No. 45344, November 29, 1938
 People v. Valdez, G.R. No. 37754, March 4, 1933
 US v. Subingubing, G.R. No. 10736, August 31, 1916
 Rudy Almeda vs. CA. et Al., G.R. No. 120853, March 13, 1997
 US v. Aviado, G.R. No. 13397, April 1, 1918

4. Avoidance of Greater Evil or Injury (Article 11, no. 4)

Cases:
 Vicky C. Ty vs. People, G.R. No. 149275 September 27, 2004
 People vs. Jesus G. Retubado, G.R. No. 124058, December 10, 2003
 People v. Ricohermoso, G.R. Nos. L-30527-28, March 29, 1974
 Tan v. Standard Vacuum Oil, G.R. No. L-4160, July 29,1952

5. Fulfillment of duty or Exercise of a Right of Office (Article 11, no. 5)

Cases:
 People v. Oanis, G.R. No. 47722, July 27, 1943
 People v. Pajenado, G.R. No. L-26458, January 30, 1976
 People v. Delima, G.R. No. L-18660, December 22, 1922
 Valcorza v. People, G.R. No. L-28129, October 31, 1969
 People v. Lagata, G.R. No. L-1940-42, March 24, 1949
 People v. Gayrama, G.R. Nos. 39270 & 39721, October 30, 1934
 People v. Cabrera, G.R. No. L-31178, October 28, 1980
 People v. Tan Cui, G.R. No. L-22697, October 5, 1976
 US v. Magno, G.R. No. L-3517, August 7, 1907
 US v. Bertucio, G.R. No. 299, October 29, 1901
 US v. Resaba, G.R. No. 174, August 5, 1902
 US v. Vallejo, G.R. No. 4367, September 3, 1908
 US v. Santos, G.R. No. 12779, September 10, 1917

 Article 429, Civil Code

 People vs. Daniel Pinto, Jr., G.R. No. 39519, November 21,1991
 Norberto Masipequiña, et al. vs. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No. L-51206, August 25, 1989
 People vs. Ernesto Ulep, G.R. No. 132547, Sept. 20, 2000
 People vs. Carmelo Catbagan, G.R. Nos. 149430-32, February 23, 2004

6. Obedience to an Order of a Superior (Article 11, no. 6)

Cases:
 People v. Barroga, G.R. No. 31563, January 16, 1930
 People v. Margen, G.R. No. L-2681, March 30, 1950
 People v. Beronilla, G.R. No. L-4445, February 28, 1955
 Luis A. Tabuena vs. Sandiganbayan, et al., G.R. Nos. 103501-03, February 17, 1997
B. EXEMPTING CIRCUMSTANCES

1. An Imbecile or an Insane Person Unless the Latter has Acted during Lucid Interval (Article 12, no. 1)
Cases:
 Chin Ah Foo v. Concepcion, G.R. No. 33281, March 31, 1930
 People v. Aquino, G.R. No. 87084, June 27, 1990
 People v. Ambal, G.R. No. L-52688, October 17, 1980
 People v. Puno, G.R. No. L-33211, June 29, 1981
 People v. Bonoan, G.R. No. 45130, February 17, 1937
 People v. Dungo, G.R. No. 89420, July 31, 1991
 People v. Renegado, G.R. No. L-27031, May 31, 1974
 People v. Formigones, G.R. No. L-3246, November 29, 1950
 People v. Taneo, G.R. No. 37673, March 31, 1933
 People v. Bascos, G.R. No. 19605, December 19, 1922
 US v. Guevarra, G.R. No. 9265, August 22, 1914
 People v. Mancao, G.R. No. 26361, January 20, 1927
 People v. Rafanan, Jr. G.R. No. 54135, November 21, 1991
 People vs. Tabugoca, G.R. No. 125334, January 29, 1998
 People vs. Medina, G.R. No. 113691, February 6, 1998
 People vs. Fernando Madarang, G.R. No. 132319, May 12, 2000
 People vs. Alberto Condino, G.RHGB. No. 130945, November 19, 2001
 People vs. Melecio Robiños, G.R. No. 138453, May 29, 2002
 People vs. Oliver Arevalo Jr., G.R. Nos. 150542-87, Feb. 3, 2004
 People vs. Anacito Opuran, G.R. Nos. 147674-75, March 17, 2004
 People vs. Randy Belonio, G.R. No. 148695, May 27, 2004

Somnambulism
Cases: People v. Taneo, G.R. No. 37673, March 31, 1933
People v. Gimena, G.R. No. 33877, February 6, 1931
US v. Odicta, G.R. No. 1749, March 21, 1905
2. A Person Under Nine Years (Article 12, no. 2)
Case: People v. Doqueña, G.R. No. 46539, September 27, 1939

PD 603, Art. 189

Case: Guevarra v. Almodovar, G.R. No. 75256, January 26, 1989

3. A Person Over Nine and Under Fifteen Unless He Acted With Discernment (Article 12, no. 3)
Cases:
 Llave vs. People of the Phil., G.R. No. 166040, April 26, 2006
 Guevarra v. Almodovar, G.R. No. 75256, January 26, 1989
 People v. Doqueña, G.R. No. 46539, September 27, 1939
 People vs. Bernardo Cortezano, et al., G.R. No. 123140, September 23, 2003
 Alvin Jose vs. People, G.R. No. 162052, January 13, 2005

4. Accident (Article 12, no. 4)

Cases:
 US v. Tanedo, G.R. No. 5418, February 12, 1910
 People v. Ayaya, G.R. No. 29396, November 9, 1928
 People v. Bindoy, G.R. No. 34665, August 28, 1931
 US v. Tayongtong, G.R. No. 6897, February 15, 1912
 US v. Knight, G.R. No. 8561, December 4, 1913
 People v. Nocum. G.R. No. L-482, February 25, 1947
 People v. Taylaran, G.R. No. L-49149, October 23, 1981
 People v. Reyes, G.R. No. L-33154, February 27, 1976
 People v. Samson, G.R. No.141140, March 29, 1963
  People vs. Cario, G.R. No. 123325, March 31, 1998
 People of the Philippines vs. Ricardo Agliday, G.R. No. 140794, October 16, 2001
 People vs. SP01 Rodolfo Concepcion, G.R. No. 136844, August 1, 2002
 Adonis Aradillos, et al. vs. CA, et al., G.R. No. 135619, January 15, 2004
 People vs. Ferdinand Fallorina, G.R. no. 137347, March 4, 2004
 Noe Toledo vs. People, G.R. No. 158057, September 24, 2004

5. Irresistible Force (Article 12, no. 5)

Cases:
 US v. Elicanal, G.R. No. 11439, October 28, 1916
 US v. Caballeros, G.R. No. 1352, March 29, 1905
 People v. Loreno, G.R. No. L-54414, July 9, 1984
 People v. Sarip, G.R. No. L-31481, L-31482 & L-31483, February 28, 1979
 People v. Villanueva, G.R. No. L-9529, August 30, 1958
 People vs. Joselito Del Rosario, G.R. No. 127755, April 14, 1999
 People vs. Narciso Saldaña, G.R. No. 148518, April 15, 2004

6. Uncontrollable Fear (Article 12, no. 6)

Cases:
 People v. Petenia, G.R. No. L-51256, August 12, 1986
 US v. Exaltacion, G.R. No. 1481, February 17, 1903
 People v. Borja, G.R. No. L-22947, July 12, 1979
 US v. Elicanal, G.R. No. 11439, October 28, 1916
 People v. Palencia, G.R. No. L-38957, April 30, 1976
 People v. Petenia, G.R. No. L-51256, August 12, 1986
 People v. Abanes, G.R. No. L-30609, September 28, 1976
 People v. Moreno, G.R. No. L-64, October 28, 1946
 People v. Fernando, G.R. No. L-24781, May 29, 1970
 People v. Rogado, G.R. No. L-13025, December 29, 1959
 People v. Bagalawis, G.R. No. L-262, March 29, 1947
 People vs. Rodolfo P. Cayetano, G.R. Nos. 112429-30, July 23, 1997
 People vs. Joselito Del Rosario, G.R. No. 127755, April 14, 1999
 Vicky C. Ty vs. People, G.R. No. 149275, September 27, 2004

7. Prevented by Insuperable Cause (Article 12, no. 7)

Cases:
 US v. Vincentillo, G.R. No. L-6082, March 18, 1911
 People v. Bandian, G.R. No. 45186, September 30, 1936
 People vs. Juan Gonzales Escote, G.R. No. 140756, April 4, 2003

Instigation and Entrapment

Cases:
o People v. Lua Chu, G.R. No. 34917, September 7, 1931
o US v. Phelps, G.R. No. 5728, August 11, 1910
o People v. Yutuc, G.R. No. 82590, July 26, 1990
o People v. Payumo, G.R. No. 81761, July 2, 1990
o Araneta v. CA, G.R. No. L-46638, July 9, 1986
o People v. Marcos, G.R. No. 83325, May 8, 1990
o People vs. Polizon, G.R. No. 84917, Sept. 18, 1992
o People vs. Bay, G.R. No. 101310, May 28, 1993
o People vs. Roberto Mendoza Pacis, G.R. No. 146309 July 18, 2002

C. MITIGATING CIRCUMSTANCES

1. Incomplete Justifying or Exempting Circumstances (Article 13, no. 1)

 Cases:
 US v. Rivera, G.R. No. 16443, March 21, 1921
 People v. Martin, G.R. No. L-3002, May 23, 1951
 People v. Dejucos, G.R. No. 73326, December 14, 1987
 People v. Toring, G.R. No. 56358, October 26, 1990
 People v. Oanis, G.R. No. 47722, July 27, 1943
 People v. Bernal, G.R. No. L-4409, July 14, 1952
 People vs. Narvaez, G.R. Nos. L-33466-67, April 20, 1983
 Pepito vs. CA. G.R. No. 119942, July 8, 1999
 People vs. Ulep, G.R. No. 132547, Sept. 20, 2000
 People v. CA, G.R. Nos. 103613 and 105830, Feb. 23, 2001

2. Under 18 or over 70 Years Old (Article 13, no. 2)

PD 603, Art. 192
PD 117
Cases:
 People v. Boduso, G.R. Nos. L-30450-51, September 30, 1974
 People vs. Tismo, G.R. No. 44773, Dec. 4, 1994
 People vs. Banguis, G.R. No. 121626, June 26, 1998
 People vs. Baroy, G.R. No. 137520-22, Aug. 15, 2003

3. Lack of Intent to Commit so Grave a Wrong (Article 13, no. 3)

Cases:
 US v. Reyes, G.R. No. 12635, September 25, 1917
 People v. Rabao, G.R. No. 46530, April 10, 1939
 US v. Bertucio, G.R. No. 299, October 29, 1901
 People v. Ural, G.R. No. L-30801, March 27, 1974
 US v. Fitzgerald, G.R. No. 1179, August 18, 1903
 People v. Amit, G.R. No. L-29066, March 25, 1970
 US v. Mendac, G.R. No. 10735, August 5, 1915
 People v. Orongan, G.R. No. 38435, September 19, 1933
 People v. Flores, G.R. No. 27093, August 11, 1927
 People v. Reyes, G.R. No. L-33154, February 27, 1976
 People v. Gonzales, G.R. Nos. L-23303 & L-23304, May 20, 1969
 People v. Tolentino, G.R. No. L-27708, December 19, 1970
 People v. Braña, G.R. No. L-29210, October 31, 1969
 People v. Yu, G.R. No. L-13780, January 28, 1961
 People v. Abueg, G.R. No. L-54901, November 24, 1986
 People v. Pajenado, G.R. No. L-26458, January 30, 1976
 People v. Enriquez, G.R. No. 37408, October 10, 1933
 People v. Boyles, G.R. No. L-15308, May 29, 1964
 People v. Arpa, G.R. No. L-26789, April 25, 1969
 People v. Garachico, G.R. No. L-30849, March 29, 1982
 People v. Pugay, G.R. No. 74324, November 17, 1988
 People v. Opero, G.R. No. L-48796, June 11, 1981
 People v. Cristobal, G.R. No. L-32562, June 29, 1979
 People v. Jaurigue, Adm M. 384, February 21, 1946
 People vs. Lyndon M. Flores, G.R. No. 116524, January 18, 1996
 People vs. Inocencio Gonzales, G.R. No. 139542, June 21, 2001

4. Sufficient Provocation or Threat (Article 13, no 4)

Cases:
 People v. Pagal, G.R. No. L-32040, October 25, 1977
 People v. Reyes, G.R. No. L-33154, February 27, 1976
 US v. Carrero, G.R. No. L-3956, January 10, 1908
 US v. Firmo, G.R. No. 12648, November 12, 1917
  People v. Marquez, G.R. No. 31268, July 31, 1929
 US v. Cortes, G.R. No. 12564, September 6, 1917
 US v. Malabanan, G.R. No. L-3964, November 26, 1907
 People v. Alconga, G.R. No. L-162, April 30, 1947
 People v. Tan, G.R. No. L-22697, October 5, 1976
 People v. Benito, G.R. No. L-32042, February 13, 1975
 People v. Deguia, G.R. No. L-3731, April 20, 1951
 US v. Mendac, G.R. No. L-10735, August 5, 1951
 People v. Manansala, G.R. No. L-23514, February 17, 1970
 People v. Macariola, G.R. No. L-40757, January 24, 1983
 People v. Nabora, G.R. No. 48101, November 22, 1941
 US v. Abijan, G.R. No. 476, January 7, 1902
 US v. Guy-saycom, G.R. No. 4912, March 25, 1909
 People vs. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No. 103613, February 23, 2001
 People vs. Teodorico Ubaldo, G.R. NLo. 129389, October 17, 2001

5. Immediate Vindication of a Grave Offense (Article 13, no. 5)

Cases:
 People v. Ruiz, G.R. No. L-33604-05, October 30, 1979
 People v. Libria, G.R. No. L-6585, July 16, 1954
 US v. Ampar, G.R. No. L-12883, November 26, 1917
 People v. Doniego, G.R. No. L-17321, November 29, 1963
 People vs. Parana, G.R. No. 45373, March 31,1937
 People v. Rosel, G.R. No. 46095, October 10, 1938
 People v. Luna, G.R. No. L-10236-48, January 31, 1958
 People v. Benito, G.R. No. L-32042, February 13, 1975
 People v. Lumayag, G.R. No. L-19142, March 31, 1965
 US v. Davis, G.R. No. 4340, August 15, 1908
 People v. Dagatan, G.R. No. L-10851, August 28, 1959
 People v. Diokno, G.R. No. 45100, October 26, 1936
 People v. David, G.R. Nos. 39708 & 39709, April 16, 1934
 People vs. Sambulan, G.R. No. 112972, April 24, 1998
 People vs. Nestor Babor, et al., G.R. No. 106875, September 24, 1996
 People vs. Ruben Cañete, et al., G.R. No. 138366, September 11, 2003

6. Passion or Obfuscation (Article 13, no. 6)

Cases:
 People v. Alanguilang, G.R. No. 30125, January 21, 1929
 People v. Ulita, G.R. No. L-12655, June 30, 1960
 People v. Gravino, G.R. No. L-31327-29, May 16, 1983
 People v. Hicks, G.R. No. 4971, September 23, 1909
 US v. Dela Cruz, G.R. No. 7094, March 29, 1912
 US v. Emedia, G.R. No. L-5749, October 21, 1910
 People v. Bello, G.R. No. L-18792, February 28, 1964
 US v. Taylor, G.R. No. 2309, April 19, 1906
 US v. Ortencio, G.R. No. 13427, July 15, 1918
 People v. Samonte, G.R. No. L-31225, June 11, 1975
 People v. Ruiz, G.R. No. 38715, September 15, 1933
 People v. Caliso, G.R. No. 37271, July 1, 1933
 People v. Sarikala, G.R. No. L-12988, January 24, 1918
 People v. Aguilando, G.R. No. L-5346, January 30, 1953
 People v. Matbagon, G.R. No. 42165, November 12, 1934
 People v. Mojica, G.R. No. L-30742, April 30, 1976
 People v. Pareja, G.R. No. L-21937, November 29, 1969
 People v. Layson, G.R. No. L-25177, October 31, 1969
 People v. Daos, G.R. No. 40331, April 27, 1934
  People v. Hernandez, G.R. No. L-17283, March 7, 1922
 People v. Pagal, G.R. No. L-32040, October 25, 1977
 People v. Constantino, G.R. No. L-23558, August 10, 1967
 People v. Yuman, G.R. No. 43469, August 21, 1935
 People v. Gervacio, G.R. No. L-21965, August 30, 1968
 US v. Herrera, G.R. No. 4960, July 17, 1909
 People v. Mil, G.R. Nos. L-28104-05, July 30, 1979
 People v. Salazar, G.R. No. L-11601, June 30, 1959
 El Pueblo de Filipinas v. Marasigan, G.R. No. 46786, November 25, 1940
 US v. Salandanan, G.R. No. 947, November 4, 1902
 US v. Diaz, G.R. No. 5155, February 2, 1910
 US v. Macalintal, G.R. No. 1331, August 25, 1903
 People v. Zapata, G.R. No. L-11074, February 27, 1960
 People v. Quijano, G.R. No. 48630, June 4, 1943
 People vs. Flores, G.R. No. 27093, August 11, 1927
 People vs. Castro, G.R. No. L-38989, October 29, 1982
 People vs. Diokno, G.R No. 45100, October 26, 1936
 People vs. Dagatan, G.R. No. L-10851 , August 28, 1959
 People vs. Narvaez, G.R. Nos. L-33466-67, April 20, 1983
 People vs. Francisco Caber, Sr., G.R. No. 129252, November 28, 2000
 People vs. Gonzales, G.R. No. 139542, June 21, 2001
 People vs. Alfredo Almendras, G.R. No. 137277, December 20, 2001
 People vs. Emperador, G.R. No. 132669, Sept. 25, 2002
 Arturo Romera vs. People, G.R. No. 151978, July 14, 2004

7. Surrender and Confession of Guilt (Article 13, no. 7)

Cases:
 People vs. Sumalpong, G.R. No. 124705, January 20, 1998
 People vs. Medina, G.R. No. 113691, February 6, 1998
 People vs. Sambulan, G.R. No. 112972, April 24, 1998

a. Voluntary Surrender to a Person in Authority or His Agents

Cases:
 Estacio vs. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 75362, March 6, 1990
 People vs. Canamo, G.R. No. L-62043, August 13, 1985
 People vs. Hanasan, G.R. No. L-25989, September 30, 1969
 People vs. Gervacio, G.R. No. L-21965, August 30, 1968
 People vs. Tenorio, G.R. No. L-15478, March 30, 1962
 People vs. Dayrit, G.R. No. L-14388, May 20, 1960
 People vs. Magpantay, G.R. No. L-19133, November 27, 1964
 People vs. Radomes, G.R. No. L-68421, March 20, 1960
 People vs. Jereza, G.R. No. 86230, September 18, 1990
 People vs. Roldan, G.R. No. L-22030, May 29, 1968
 People vs. Velez, G.R No. L-30038, July 18, 1974
 People vs. Mationg, G.R. No. L-33488, March 29, 1968
 People vs. Salvilla, G.R. No. 86163, April 26, 1990
 People vs. Sigayan, G.R. Nos. L-15823-26, April 30, 1966
 People vs. Dela Cruz, G.R. No. L-30059, December 19, 1970
 People vs. Garcia, G.R. No. L-32071, July 9, 1981
 People vs. Rogales, G.R. No. L-17531, November 30, 1962
 People vs. Trigo, G.R. No. 74515, June 14, 1989
 People vs. Canoy, G.R. No. L-4224, December 28, 1951
 People vs. Rubinal, G.R. No. L-12275, November 29, 1960
 People vs. Lagrana, G.R. No. L-68790, January 23, 1987
 People vs. Lingatong, G.R. No. 34019, January 29, 1990
 People vs. Ablao, G.R. No. 69184, March 26, 1990
  People vs. Benito, G.R. No. L-32042, February 13, 1975
 People vs. Parana, G.R. No. 45373, March 31, 1937
 People vs. Braña, G.R. No. L-29210, October 31, 1969
 People vs. Conwi, G.R. No. 47557, April 22, 1941
 People vs. Verges, G.R. Nos. L-36882-84, July 24, 1981
 People vs. Palo, G.R. No. L-9593-94, July 31, 1957
 People vs. Casalme, G.R. No. L-18033, July 26, 1966
 Quial vs. CA, G.R. No. L-63564, November 28, 1983
 People vs. Yecla, G.R. No. 46612, October 14, 1939
 People vs. Turalba, G.R. No. L-29118, February 28, 1974
 People vs. Coronel, G.R. No. L-19091, June 30, 1966
 People vs. Sabater, G.R. No. L-38169, February 23, 1978
 People vs. Diva, G.R. No. L-22946, April 29, 1968
 People vs. Semañada, G.R. No. L-11361, May 26, 1958
 People vs. Siojo, G.R. No. 41746, March 27, 1935
 People vs. Dimdiman, G.R. No. L-12622, October 28, 1959
 People vs. Rodriguez, G.R. No. L-41263, December 15, 1982
 People vs. Mabuyo, G.R. No. L-29129, May 8, 1975
 People vs. Clemente, G.R. No. L-23463, September 28, 1967
 People vs. Sakam, G.R. No. 41566, December 7, 1934
 People vs. Orlando Acuram, G.R. No. 117954, April 27, 2000
 Rivera vs. CA, G.R. No. 125867, May 31, 2000
 Josue R. Ladiana vs. People, G.R. No. 144293 December 4, 2002
 Joel Luces vs. People, G.R. No. 149492 January 20, 2003
 People vs. Clarence Astudillo, et al., G.R. No. 141518, April 29, 2003
 People vs. Gabriel I. Annibong, G.R. No. 139879, May 8, 2003
 People vs. Raul Oco, G.R. Nos. 137370-71, September 29, 2003
 People vs. Lito Hernandez, G.R. No. 139697, June 15, 2004
 People vs. Carmelo Catbagan, G.R. Nos. 149430-32, February 23, 2004

b. Confession of Guilt
Cases:
 People vs. Agito, G.R. No. L-12120, April 28, 1958
 People vs. Crisostomo, G.R. No. L-32243, April 15, 1988
 People vs. Bueza, G.R. No. 79619, August 20, 1990
 People vs. Lungbos, G.R. No. L-57293, June 21, 1988
 People vs. Kayanan, G.R. No. L-30355, May 31, 1978
 People vs. Verano, G.R. No. L-45589, July 28, 1988
 People vs. Coronel, G.R. No. L-19091, June 30, 1966
 People vs. Noble, G.R. No. L-288, August 29, 1946
 People vs. Ong, G.R. No. L-34497, January 30, 1975
 People vs. Lacson, G.R. No. L-33060, February 25, 1974
 People vs. Hermino, G.R. No. 45466, June 30, 1937
 People vs. De la Peña, G.R. No. 46270, November 3, 1938
 People vs. Domingo, G.R. Nos. L-30464-5, January 21, 1974
 People vs. Fortuno, G.R. No. 48458, November 7, 1941
 People vs. Oandasan, G.R. No. L-29532, September 28, 1968
 People vs. Pardo, G.R. No. L-562, November 19, 1947
 People vs. Co Chang, G.R. No. 41308, August 9, 1934
 People vs. Dela Cruz, G.R. No. 45284, December 29, 1936
 People vs. Lambino, G.R. No. L-10875, April 28, 1958
 People vs. Ortiz, G.R. No. L-19585, November 29, 1965
 People vs. Intal, G.R. No. L-10585, April 29, 1957
 People vs. Lagarto, G.R. No. 65833, May 6, 1991
 People vs. Saligan, G.R. No. L-35792, November 29, 1973
 People vs. Yturriaga, G.R. No. L-2816, May 31, 1950
  People vs. Isidoro Baldimo, G.R. No. 117818, April 18, 1997
 People vs. Montinola, G.R. Nos. 131856-57, July 9, 2001
 People vs. Aranzado, G.R. Nos. 132442-44, Sept. 24, 2001
 People vs. Ibanez, G.R. Nos. 133923-24, July 30, 2003
 People vs. Marlon Juan, G.R. No. 152289, January 14, 2004

8. Physical Defect (Article 13, no. 8)

Cases: People vs. Ricardo Francisco, et al., G.R. Nos. 118573-74, May 31, 2000

9. Illness of the Offender (Article 13, no. 9)

Cases:
 People vs. Balneg, G.R. No. L-1085, January 9, 1948
 People vs. Francisco, G.R. No. L-568, July 16, 1947
 People vs. Amit, G.R. No. L-2060, February 15, 1949
 People vs. Formigones, G.R. No. L-3246, November 29, 1950
 People vs. Laroy T. Buenaflor, G.R. No. 93752, July 15, 1992
 People vs. Wilson Antonio, Jr., G.R. No. 144266, November 27, 2002

10. Mitigating Circumstances of Similar Nature (Article 13, no. 10)

D. Aggravating Circumstances

1. Advantage Taken of Public Position (Article 14, no. 1)

Cases:
 People vs. Ural, G.R. No. L-30801, March 27, 1974
 People vs. Reyes, G.R. No. L-33154, February 27, 1976
 People vs. Asuncion, G.R. No. 83870, November 14, 1989
 People vs. Veloso, G.R. No. 23051, October 20, 1925
 US v. Rodriguez, G.R. No. 6344, March 21, 1911
 US v. Torrida, G.R. Nos. 7450, 7451 & 7452, September 18, 1912
 US vs. Dacuycuy, G.R. No. L-3873, October 18,1907
 US vs. Estabaya, G.R. No. 11807, January 13, 1917
 US vs. Yumul, G.R. No. 11196, March 8, 1916
 People vs. Ordiales, G.R. No. L-30956, November 23, 1971
 People vs. Cerdeña, G.R. No. 28389, January 20, 1928
 People vs. Madrid, G.R. No. L-3023, January 3, 1951
 US vs. Cagayan, G.R. No. 2134, April 17, 1905
 People vs. Tevez, G.R. No. 19603, December 29, 1922
 People vs. Amion (G.R. No. 140511, March 1, 2001)

2. Contempt or Insult to Public Authorities (Article 14, no. 2)

Cases:
 People vs. Rodil, G.R. No. L-35156, November 20, 1981
 US vs. Rodriguez, G.R. No. 6344, March 21, 1911
 People vs. Santok, G.R. No. L-18226, May 30, 1963
 People vs. Siojo, G.R. No. 41746, March 27, 1935
 People vs. Verzo, G.R. No. L-22517, December 26, 1967
 People vs. Renato Tac-an, G.R. Nos. 76338-39, Feb. 26, 1990
 PD 1232, November 7, 1977
 RA 1978

3. Disregard of Rank, Age. Or Sex and Dwelling of Offended Party (Article 14, no. 3)
a. Rank, Age, Sex
Cases:
o People vs. Rodil, G.R. No. L-35156, November 20, 1981
 o People vs. Mangsant, G.R. No. 45704, May 25, 1938
o People vs. Lapaz, G.R. Nos. 68898 & 70445, March 31, 1989
o People vs. Pagal, G.R. No. L-32040, October 25, 1977
o US vs. Cabiling, G.R. No. L-3070, February 11, 1907
o People vs. Valeriano, G.R. No. L-2159, September 19, 1951
o US vs. Esmedia, G.R. No. L-5749, October 21, 1910
o US vs. Reguera, G.R. No. 16639, March 22, 1921
o People vs. Gammuac, G.R. No. L-5197, August 28, 1953
o People vs. Zapata, G.R. No. L-11074, February 27, 1960
o People vs. Curatchia, G.R. No. L-31771, May 16, 1980
o People vs. Lora, G.R. No. L-49430, March 30, 1982
o People vs. Enot, G.R. No. L-17530, October 30, 1962
o People vs. Nabaluna, G.R. No. L-60087, July 7, 1986
o US vs. Butag, G.R. No. 13251, October 8, 1918
o US vs. Dacquel, G.R. No. 12400, August 25, 1917
o US vs. Quevengco, G.R. No. 1208, August 6, 1903
o People vs. Dayug, G.R. No. 25782, September 30, 1926
o People vs. Diaz, G.R. No. L-24002, January 21, 1974
o People vs. Taga, G.R. No. 31251, August 6, 1929
o People vs. Talay, G.R. No. L-24852, November 28, 1980
o People vs. Puno, G.R. No. L-33211, June 29, 1981
o People vs. Lopez, G.R. No. L-14347, April 29, 1960
o People vs. Clemeter, G.R. No. L-33490, August 30, 1974
o People vs. Lapaz, G.R. No. 68898, March 31, 1989
o People vs. Antonio Samudio, G.R. No. 126168, March 7, 2001
o People vs. Edralin Taboga, G.R. Nos. 144086-87, Feb. 6, 2002

b. Dwelling
Cases:
o People vs. Balansi, G.R. No. 77284, July 19, 1990
o People vs. Daniel, G.R. No. L-40330, November 20, 1978
o People vs. Magnaye, G.R. No. L-3510, May 30, 1951
o People vs. Atienza, G.R. No. L-397777, August 31, 1982
o US vs. Licarte, G.R. No. 6784, August 15, 1912
o People vs. Talay, G.R. No. L-24852, November 28, 1980
o People vs. Bautista, G.R. No. L-4040, November 29, 1947
o US vs. Lastimosa, G.R. No. 9178, March 30, 1914
o People vs. Mendova, G.R. No. L-7030, January 31, 1957
o US vs. Banila, G.R. No. 6624, March 20, 1911
o US vs. Velasquez, G.R. No. L-3586, August 7, 1907
o People vs. Masilungan, G.R. No. L-9733, September 30, 1958
o US vs. Ramos, G.R. No. 126, December 26, 1901
o People vs. Lumasag, G.R. No. 34666, August 29, 1931
o People vs. Manuel, G.R. Nos. L-23786-87, August 29, 1969
o People vs. Ramolete, G.R. No. L-28108, March 27, 1974
o People vs. Badilla, G.R. No. 69317, May 21, 1990
o People vs. Basa, G.R. No. L-1212, May 18, 1949
o People vs. Galapia, G.R. No. L-39303-05, August 1, 1978
o US vs. Ibañez, G.R. No. 10672, October 26, 1915
o People vs. Dequiña, G.R. No. 41040, August 9, 1934
o People vs. Pakah, G.R. No. L-1263, August 27, 1948
o People vs. Ompad, G.R. No. L-23513, January 31, 1969
 o US vs. Tapan, G.R. No. 6504, September 11, 1911
o People vs. Alcala, G.R. No. L-18988, December 29, 1922
o People vs. Diamanon, G.R. No. L-38094, November 7, 1979
o People vs. Sespeñe, G.R. No. L-9346, October 30, 1957
o People vs. Rodriguez, G.R. No. L-11498, May 30, 1958
o People vs. Caliso, G.R. No. 37271, July 1, 1933
o People vs. Morales, G.R. No. L-35413, November 7, 1979
o US vs. Cas, G.R. No. 5071, August 18, 1909
o People vs. Cabato, G.R. No. L-37400, April 15, 1988
o People vs. Apduhan, G.R. No. L-19491, August 30, 1968
o People vs. Valdez, G.R. No. 45589, October 25, 1937
o People vs. Mesias, G.R. No. 67823, July 9, 1991
o People vs. Guhiting, G.R. No. L-2843, May 14, 1951
o US vs. Destrito, G.R. No. 6984, August 19, 1912
o US vs. Barbicho, G.R. No. 5109, July 31, 1909
o People vs. Ruzol, G.R. No. L-8699, December 29, 1956
o People vs. Josue Dela Torre, G.R. No. 98431, January 15, 2002
o People vs. Edralin Taboga, G.R. Nos. 144086-87, February 6, 2002
o People vs. Catalino Melendres, G.R. No. 134940, April 30, 2003
o People vs. Angelito B. Bagsit, G.R. No. 148877, August 19, 2003
o People vs. Felix Q. Ventura, et al., G.R. Nos. 148145-46, July 5, 2004

4. Abuse of Confidence and Obvious Ungratefulness (Article 14, no. 4)

Cases:
o People vs. Alqueza, G.R. No. 28995, August 4, 1928
o People vs. Bautista, G.R. No. L-38624, July 25, 1975
o People vs. Luchico, G.R. No. 26170, December 6, 1926
o People vs. Zea, G.R. Nos. L-23109 & L-23110, June 29, 1984
o People vs. Marasigan, G.R. No. 46786, November 25, 1940
o People vs. Ong, G.R. No. L-34497, January 30, 1975
o People vs. Caliso, G.R. No. 37271, July 1, 1933
o US vs. Torrida, G.R. Nos. 7450, 7451 & 7452, August 18, 1912
o People vs. Lupango, G.R. No. L-32633, November 12, 1981
o People vs. Nismal, G.R. No. L-51257, June 25, 1982
o Mariano vs. People, G.R. No. 46246, October 14, 1939
o People vs. Roque Cabresos, G.R. No. 109776, May 26, 1995

5. Palace of the Chief Executive and Other Places of Commission of Offense (Article 14, no. 5)
Cases:
o People vs. Jaurigue, Adm. Matter No. 384, February 21, 1946
o US vs. Baluyot, G.R. No. 14476, November 6, 1919
o US vs. Punsalan, G.R. No. 1431, January 27, 1904
o US vs. Torrida, G.R. Nos. 7450, 7451 & 7452, August 18, 1912
o People vs. Caliso, G.R. No. 37271, July 1, 1933
o Felipe Navarro vs. CA, G.R. No. 121087, Aug. 26, 1999
o People vs. Federico Abrazaldo, G.R. No. 124392, Feb. 7, 2003

6. Nightime, Uninhabitated Place, or Band (Article 14, no. 6)

Cases:
o Gumara vs. Valero, G.R. No. L-36210, June 25, 1973
o People vs. Apduhan, G.R., No. L-19491, August 30, 1968
o People vs. Ong, G.R. No. L-34497, January 30, 1975
o People vs. Aguinaldo, G.R. No. 33843, February 11, 1931
o People vs. Andaya, G.R. No. L-63862, July 31, 1987
o People vs. Cunanan, G.R. No. L-13007, December 23, 1960
o People vs. Pardo, G.R. No. L-562, November 19, 1947
o People vs. Matbagon, G.R. No. 42165, November 12, 1934
o People vs. Villas, G.R. No. L-20953, April 21, 1969
o People vs. Alcaraz, G.R. Nos. L-9064-67, April 30, 1958
o People vs. Aquino, G.R. No. 46725, September 29, 1939
o People vs. Arpa, G.R. No. L-26789, April 25, 1969
o People vs. Aspili, G.R. Nos. 89418-19, November 21, 1990
o People vs. Bangug, G.R. No. 28832, September 17, 1928
o People vs. Barredo, G.R. No. L-2728, December 29, 1967
o People vs. Baring, G.R. No. 87017, July 20, 1990
o People vs. Bato, G.R. No. L-23405, December 29, 1967
o People vs. Boyles, G.R. No. L-15308, May 29, 1964
o People vs. Deguia, G.R. No. L-3731, April 20, 1951
o People vs. Laoto, G.R. No. 29530, December 8, 1928
o People vs. Lungbos, G.R. No. L-57293, June 21, 1998
o People vs. Luchico, G.R. No. 26170, December 6, 1926
o People vs. Atencio, G.R. No. L-22518, January 17, 1968
o People vs. Nulla, G.R. No. L-69346, August 31, 1987
o People vs. Berbal, G.R. No. 71527, August 10, 1989
o People vs. Luneta, G.R. No. L-840, January 12, 1948
o People vs. Moral, G.R. No. L-31139, October 12, 1984
o People vs. Rubia, G.R. No. 28792, October 6, 1928
o People vs. Sawajan, G.R. No. 28243, December 12, 1927
o People vs. Velaga, G.R. No. 87202, July 23, 1987
o People vs. Ong, G.R. No. L-34497, January 30, 1975
o People vs. Piring, G.R. No. 45053, October 19, 1936
o People vs. Andaya, G.R. No. L-63862, July 31, 1987
o People vs. Fernandez, G.R. No. L-32623, June 29, 1972
o People vs. Aspili, G.R. Nos. 89418-19, November 21, 1990
o US vs. Billedo, G.R. No. 10883, December 20, 1915
o US vs. Mandigoren, G.R. No. 950, January 23, 1903
o US vs. Paraiso, G.R. No. L-5658, September 28, 1910
o US vs. Santiago, G.R. No. 1000, March 6, 1903
o US vs. Tampacan, G.R. No. 6491, March 23, 1911
o US vs. Vitug, G.R. No. L-5430, September 8, 1910
o US vs. Yumul, G.R. No. 11196, March 8, 1916
o People vs. Oliano, G.R. No. 119013, March 6, 1998
o People vs. Reyes, G.R. No. 118649, March 9, 1998
o People vs. De la Cruz, G.R. Nos. 109619-23, June 26, 1998
o People vs. Pallarco, G.R. No. 119971, March 26, 1998
o People vs. Simplicio Maribung, et al., G.R. No. L-47500, April 29, 1987
o People vs. Orlando Dinamling, et al., G.R. No. 134605, March 12, 2002
o People vs. Liberato Solamillo, et al., G.R. No. 123161, June 18, 2003
 o People vs. Raul Oco, G.R. Nos. 137370-71, September 29, 2003
o People vs. Elpedio Torres, G.R. No. 134766, January 16, 2004
o People vs. Felipe Demate, et al., G.R. Nos. 132310 & 143968-69, January 20, 2004
o People vs. Felix Q. Ventura, et al., G.R. Nos. 148145-46, July 5, 2004

7. On Occasion of Calamity or Misfortune (Article 14, no. 7)

Cases:
o US vs. Rodriguez, G.R. No. 6344, March 21, 1911
o People vs. Arpa, G.R. No. L-26789, April 25, 1969

8. Aid of Armed Men, etc. (Article 14, no. 8)

Cases:
o US vs. Abaigar, G.R. No. 1255, August 17, 1903
o People vs. Candado, G.R. No. L-34089, August 1, 1978
o People vs. Ortiz, G.R. No. L-12287, May 29, 1958
o People vs. Manayao, G.R. No. L-322, July 28, 1947
o People vs. Licop, G.R. No. L-6061, April 29, 1954
o People vs. Piring, G.R. No. 45053, October 19, 1936
o People vs. Villanueva, G.R. No. L-7472-7477, January 31, 1956

9. Recidivist (Article 14, no. 9)

Cases:
o People vs. Martinada, G.R. Nos. 66401-03, February 13, 1991
o People vs. Luna, G.R. No. L-28812, July 31, 1974
o People vs. Lacao, G.R. No. 953020, September 4, 1991
o People vs. Lagarto, G.R. No. 65833, May 6, 1991
o People vs. Baldera, G.R. No. L-2390, April 24, 1950
o People vs. Colocar, G.R. No. 40871, November 10, 1934
o People vs. Hodges, G.R. No. 45446, May 25, 1939
o People vs. Jaranilla, G.R. No. L-28547, February 22, 1974
o US vs. Sotelco, G.R. No. 9791, October 3, 1914
o People vs. Gaorana, G.R. No. 109138-39, April 27, 1998
o People vs. Melchor Real, G.R. No. 93436, March 24, 1995
o People vs. Francisco Dacillo, G.R. No. 149368, April 14, 2004
o People vs. Conde Rapisora, G.R. No. 147855, May 28, 2004

10. Reiteration or Habituality (Article 14, no. 10)

Cases:
o People vs. Villapondo, G.R. No. 73656, October 5, 1989
o People vs. Abella, G.R. No. L-32205, August 31, 1979
o People vs. Luna, G.R. No. L-28812, July 31, 1974
o People vs. Martinada, G.R. Nos. 66401-03, February 13, 1991
o People vs. Molato, G.R. No. 66634, February 27, 1989
o People vs. Maximo R. Race, Jr., G.R. No. 93143, August 4, 1992
o People vs. Rolando Q. Monterey, G.R. No. 109767, September 3, 1996

11. Price, Reward or Promise (Article 14, no. 11)

Cases:
o People vs. Alincastre, G.R. No. L-29891, August 30, 1971
 o People vs. Cañete, G.R. No. 82113, July 5, 1989
o US vs. Parro, G.R. No. 12607, September 27, 1917
o US vs. Maharaja Alim, G.R. No. 13312, April 1, 1918
o People vs. Cañete, G.R. No. L-37945, May 28, 1984
o People vs. Paredes, G.R. No. L-19149, August 16, 1968
o US vs. Gamao, G.R. No. 6942, August 30, 1912
o US vs. Flores, G.R. No. 9008, September 17, 1914
o People vs. Feliciano C. Hipolito, et al., G.R. No. L-31402, August 17, 1981
o People vs. Roberto Gerologa, G.R. No. 89075, Oct. 15, 1996

12. By means of Inundation, Fire, Etc. (Article 14, no. 12)

o People vs. Bersabal, G.R. No. 24532, December 11, 1925
o People vs. Paterno, G.R. No. L-2665, March 6, 1950
o People vs. Piring, G.R. No. 45053, October 19, 1936
o US vs. Burns, G.R. No. 16648, March 5, 1921
PD 1613

13. Evident Premeditation (Article 14, no. 13)

Cases:
o People vs. Manangan, G.R. No. L-32733, September 11, 1974
o People vs. Lacao, G.R. No. 95320, September 4, 1991
o People vs. Lagarto, G.R. No. 65833, May 6, 1991
o People vs. Clamor, G.R. No. 82708, July 1, 1991
o People vs. Pacris, G.R. No. 69986, March 5, 1991
o People vs. Iligan, G.R. No. 75369, November 26, 1990
o People vs. Raquipo, G.R. No. 90766, August 13, 1990
o People vs. Renegado, G.R. No. L-27031, May 31, 1974
o People vs. Ong, G.R. No. L-34497, January 30, 1975
o People vs. Ompad, G.R. No. L-23513, January 31, 1969
o People vs. Benito, G.R. No. L-32402, February 13, 1975
o People vs. Berdida, G.R. No. L-20183, June 30, 1966
o People vs. Canitan, G.R. No. L-16498, June 29, 1963
o People vs. Mojica, G.R. No. L-30742, April 30, 1976
o People vs. Zapatero, G.R. No. L-31960, August 15, 1974
o People vs. Carillo, G.R. No. L-283, October 30, 1946
o People vs. Diaz, G.R. No. L-24002, January 21, 1974
o People vs. Durante, G.R. No. 31101, August 23, 1929
o People vs. Dosal, G.R. Nos. L-4215-16, April 17, 1953
o People vs. Lacao, G.R. No. L-32078, September 30, 1974
o People vs. Lazada, G.R. No. 46998, November 16, 1940
o People vs. Mostoles, G.R. No. L-2880, March 31, 1950
o US vs. Ricafort, G.R. No. 55, March 19, 1902
o US vs. Arreglado, G.R. No. 5114, August 5, 1909
o US vs. Blanco, G.R. No. L-6071, January 4,1911
o US vs. Buncad, G.R. No. 7638, October 14, 1913
o US vs. Cornejo, G.R. No. 9773, November 20, 1914
o US vs. Manalinde, G.R. No.5292, August 28, 1909
o US vs. Gil, G.R. No. 4704, April 26, 1909
o US vs. Bañagale, G.R. No. 7870, January 10, 1913
 o US vs. Caranto, G.R. No. 1677, March 13, 1905
o US vs. Gamao, G.R. No. 6942, August 30, 1912
o US vs. Mercoleta, G.R. No. 6073, November 15, 1910
o US vs. Rodriguez, G.R. No. 6344, March 21, 1911
o US vs. Zalcos, G.R. Nos. 14468 & 14469, September 12, 1919
o People vs. Fuestesuela, G.R. No. 48273, April 22, 1942
o People vs. Anin, G.R. No. L-39046, June 30, 1975
o People vs. Bautista, G.R. No. L-39046, June 30, 1975
o People vs. Escabarte, G.R. No. L-42964, March 14, 1988
o People vs. Crisostomo, G.R. No. L-38180, October 23, 1981
o People vs. Carillo, G.R. No. L-283, October 30, 1946
o People vs. Custodio, G.R. No. L-7442, October 24, 1955
o US vs. Liwakas, G.R. No. L-5867, October 17, 1910
o People vs. Ducusin, G.R.No. 30724, August 8, 1929
o People vs. Dumdum, G.R. No. L-35279, July 30, 1979
o People vs. Gonzales, G.R. No.L-119, April 10, 1946
o People vs. Guillen, G.R. No. L-1477, January 18, 1950
o People vs. Jaravata, G.R. No. L-22029, August 15, 1967
o People vs. Lasafin, G.R. No. L-5874, February 11, 1953
o People vs. Lopez, G.R. No. 40257, January 11, 1940
o People vs. Manzano, G.R. Nos. L-33643-44,, July 31, 1974
o People vs. Mendoza,G.R. Nos. L-4146 & L-4147, March 28, 1952
o People vs. Pantoja, G.R. No. L-18793, October 11, 1968
o People vs. Peñones, G.R. No. 71153, August 16, 1991
o People vs. Padrones, G.R. No. 85823, September 13, 1990
o People vs. Pagal, G.R. No. L-32040, October 25, 1977
o People vs. Pulido, G.R. No. L-2447, March 4, 1950
o US vs. Rabor, G.R. No. L-3290, March 9, 1907
o People vs. Ubiña, G.R. No. L-6969, August 31, 1955
o People vs. Samonte, G.R. No. L-31225, June 11, 1975
o People vs. Sarmiento, G.R. No. L-19146, May 31, 1963
o People vs. Timbang, G.R. No. 48326, August 6, 1943
o People vs. Valeriano, G.R. No. L-2159, September 19, 1951
o People vs. Yturriaga, G.R. No. L-2816, May 31, 1950
o People vs. Sumalpong, G.R. No. 124705, January 20, 1998
o People vs. Medina, G.R. No. 113691, February 6, 1998
o People vs. Albao, G.R. No. 117481, February 6, 1998
o People vs. Oliano, G.R. No. 119013, March 6, 1998
o People vs. Reyes, G.R. No. 118649, March 9, 1998
o People vs. Pallarco, G.R. No. 119971, March 26, 1998
o People vs. Castillo, G.R. No. 120282, April 20, 1998
o People vs. Bibat, G.R. No. 124319, May 13, 1998
o People vs. Felipe Demate, et al., G.R. Nos. 132310 & 143968-69, January 20, 2004
o People vs. Flaviano R. Segnar, Jr., G.R. No. 133380, February 18, 2004
o People vs. Felix Q. Ventura, et al., G.R. Nos. 148145-46, July 5, 2004

14. Craft, Fraud, or Disguise (Article 14, no. 14)

Case: People vs. Reyes, G.R. No. 118649, March 9, 1998
 a. Craft
 People vs. Alcaraz, G.R. Nos. L-9064-67, April 30, 1958
 People vs. Aspili, G.R. Nos. 89418-19, November 21, 1990
 People vs. Daos, G.R. No. 40331, April 27, 1934
 People vs. Guy, G.R. No. 38511, October 6, 1933
 People vs. Juliano, G.R. No. L-33053, January 28, 1980
 People vs. Mallari, G.R. No. 41311, August 28, 1934
 People vs. Molleda, G.R. No. L-34248, November 21, 1978
 People vs. Saquing, G.R. No. L-27903, December 26, 1969
 People vs. Zea, G.R. No. L-23109, June 29, 1984
 People vs. Barbosa, G.R. No. L-39779, November 7, 1978
 People vs. Rodriguez de Pascual, G.R. No. L-32512, March 31, 1980
 People vs. Saliling, G.R. No. L-27974, February 27, 1976
 US vs. Gampoña, G.R. No. 12057, August 30, 1917
 People vs. Crisologo Empacis, G.R. No. 95756, May 14, 1993
 People vs. Wilson Lab-eo, G.R. No. 133438, January 16, 2002
 People vs. Emilio Comiling, et al., G.R. No. 140405, March 4, 2004

b. Fraud
 People vs. Napili, G.R. No. L-2406, February 22, 1950
 People vs. De Leon, G.R. No. 26867, August 10, 1927
 People vs. Piring, G.R. No. 45053, October 19, 1936
 US vs. Abelinde, G.R. No. 945, December 19, 1902
 US vs. Bundal, G.R. No. 1312, December 21, 1903
 People vs. Disipulo, G.R. Nos. 113245-47, August 18, 1997
 People vs. Manuzon, G.R. Nos. 113245-47, August 18, 1997
 People vs. Labuguen, G.R. Nos. 127849, August 9, 2000

c. Disguise
 People vs. Piring, G.R. No. 45053, October 19, 1936
 US vs. Cofrada, G.R. 1855, January 23, 1905
 US vs. Rodriguez, G.R. No. 6344, March 21, 1911
 US vs. Guy-sayco, G.R. No. 4912, March 25, 1909
 People vs. Cunanan, G.R. No. L-30103, January 20, 1977
 People vs. Cabato, G.R. No. L-37400,April 15, 1988
 People vs. Rustom Bermas, G.R. Nos. 76416 and 94312, July 5, 1999
 People vs. Nerio Suela, G.R. Nos. 133570-71, January 15, 2002
 People vs. Roberto Salvador, G.R. No. 132481, August 14, 2002

15. Superior Strength or Means to Weaken Defense (Article 14, no. 15)
o People vs. Cunanan, G.R. No. L-30103, January 20, 1977
o People vs. Cabiling, G.R. No. L-38091, December 17, 1976
o People vs. Martinez, G.R. No. L-31755, March 31, 1980
o People vs. Cabato, G.R. Nos. L-37400, April 15, 1988
o People vs. Carpio, G.R. Nos. 82815-16, October 31, 1990
o People vs. Moka, G.R. No. 88838, April 26, 1991
o People vs. Gatcho, G.R. No. L-27251, February 26, 1981
o People vs. Mobe, G.R. No. L-1292, May 24, 1948
o People vs. Redoña, G.R. No. 3614, December 21, 1950
o People vs. Renejane, G.R. Nos. 76954-55, February 26, 1988
o People vs. Centeno, G.R. No. 33284, April 20, 1989
o People vs. Maloloy-on, G.R. No. 85246, August 30, 1990
o People vs. Verzo, G.R. No. L-22517, December 26, 1967
o People vs. Liston, G.R. No. 63396, November 25, 1989
o People vs. Rojas, G.R. Nos. L-46960-62, January 8, 1987
o People vs. Apduhan, G.R. No. L-19491, August 30, 1968
o People vs. Medrana, G.R. No. L-31871, December 14, 1981
o People vs. Dayug, G.R. No. 25782, September 30, 1926
o People vs. Pineda,G.R. No. 35753, March 26, 1932
o People vs. Patinga, G.R. No. L-37912, January 18, 1982
o People vs. Galapia, G.R. Nos. L-39303-05, August 1, 1978
o People vs. Velez, G.R. No. L-30038, July 18, 1974
o People vs. Caoile, G.R. No. L-31104, November 15, 1974
o People vs. Dumpe, G.R. Nos. 80110-11, March 22, 1990
o People vs. Ducusin, G.R. No. 30724, August 8, 1929
o People vs. Peñones, G.R. No. 71153, August 16, 1991
o People vs. Ga, G.R. No. 49831, June 27, 1990
o People vs. Ampo-an, G.R. No. 75366, July 4, 1990
o People vs. Rojas, G.R. Nos. L-46960-62, January 8, 1987
o People vs. Tunhawan, G.R. No. L-81470, October 27, 1988
o Pueblo vs. Antonio, G.R. No. 47813, November 18, 1941
o People vs. Boyles, G.R. No. L-15308, May 29, 1964
o People vs. Braña, G.R. No. L-29210, October 31, 1969
o People vs. Clementer, G.R. No. L-33490, August 30, 1974
o People vs. Dumpe, G.R. Nos. 80110-11, March 22, 1990
o People vs. Garcia, G.R. No. L-30449, October 31, 1979
o People vs. Guzman, G.R. No. L-13340, April 30, 1960
o People vs. Madlangbayan, G.R. No. L-33607, December 14, 1979
o People vs. Navarra, G.R. No. L-25607, October 14, 1968
o People vs. Narciso, G.R. No. L-24484, May 28, 1968
o People vs. Quesada, G.R. No. 42782, October 31, 1935
o People vs. Velez, G.R. No. L-30038, July 18, 1974
o People vs. Ybañez, G.R. No. L-30421, March 28, 1974
o People vs. Bustos, G.R. No. 27200, January 20, 1928
o People vs. Caroz, G.R. No. 46068, September 23, 1939
o People vs. Caoile, G.R. No. L-31104, November 15, 1974
o People vs Cortes, G.R. No. 33614, November 4, 1930
o People vs. Casillar, G.R. No. L-28132, November 25, 1969
o People vs. Diamonon, G.R.No. L-38094, November 7, 1979
o People vs. Diokno, G.R. No. 45100, October 26, 1936
o US vs. Badines, G.R. No. 1951, July 15, 1905
o US vs. Bañagale, G.R. No. 7870, January 10, 1913
o US vs. Camiloy, G.R. No. 12693, August 11, 1917
o US vs. Consuelo, G.R. No. 5190, July 28, 1909
o US vs. Devela, G.R. No. 1542, April 9, 1904
o US vs. Tandoc, G.R. No. 15635, March 16, 1920
o People vs. Asis, G.R. No. 118936, February 9, 1998
 o People vs. Cañete, G.R. No. 120495, March 12, 1998
o People vs. Castillo, G.R. No. 120282, April 20, 1998
o People vs. Carullo, G.R. No. 82351, April 24, 1998
o People vs. Espina, G.R. No. 123102, February 29, 2000
o People vs. Jemreich Matignas, et al., G.R. No. 126146, March 12, 2002
o People vs. Francisco L. Calpito, G.R. No. 123298, November 27, 2003
o People vs. Francisco Dacillo, G.R. No. 149368, April 14, 2004
o People vs. Jenelito Ibañez, et al., G.R. No. 148627, April 28, 2004
o People vs. Gonzalo Masagnay, G.R. No. 137364, June 10, 2004
o People vs, Felix Q. Ventura, et al., G.R. Nos. 148145-46, July 5, 2004

16. Teachery (Article 14, no.16)

o People vs. Lacao, G.R. No. 95320, September 4, 1991
o People vs. Velaga, G.R. No. 87202, July 23, 1991
o People vs. Tiozon, G.R. No. 89823, June 19, 1991
o People vs. Narit, G.R. No. 77087, May 23, 1991
o People vs. Rey, G.R. No. 80089, April 13, 1989
o People vs. Parana, G.R. No. 45373, March 31, 1937
o People vs. Ardisa, G.R. No. L-29351, January 23, 1974
o People vs. Reyes, G.R. Nos. 23112-23114, March 17, 1925
o People vs. Lubreo, G.R. No. 74146, August 2, 1991
o People vs. Tugbo, Jr. G.R. No. 75894, April 22, 1991
o People vs. Valerio, G.R. No. L-41146, February 25, 1982
o People vs. Elizaga, G.R. No. L-23202, April 30, 1968
o People vs. Guevarra, G.R. No. L-24371, April 16, 1968
o People vs. Dadis, G.R. No. L-21270, November 22, 1966
o People vs. Hernandez, G.R. No. 90641, February 27, 1990
o People vs. Sabado, G.R. No. 76952, December 22, 1988
o People vs. Rellon, G.R. No. 74051, November 8, 1988
o People vs. Casalme, G.R. No. L-18033, July 26, 1966
o People vs. Cuadra, G.R. No. L-27973, October 23, 1978
o People vs. Liston, G.R. No. 63396, November 15, 1989
o People vs. Tapeno, G.R. No. L-33573, August 29, 1988
o US vs. Baluyot, G.R. No. 14476, November 6, 1919
o US vs. Balagtas, G.R. No. 6432, March 22, 1911
o US vs. Gamao, G.R. No. 6942, August 30, 1912
o US vs. Perdon, G.R. No. 1692, January 18, 1905
o US vs. Pangilion, G.R. No. 11480, August 17, 1916
o US vs. Santos, G.R. No. 530, April 16, 1902
o People vs. Canete, G.R. No. 19233, February 5, 1923
o People vs. Calinawan, G.R. No. L-432, May 23, 1949
o People vs. Diaz, G.R. No. 75433, November 9, 1988
o People vs. Sangalang, G.R. No. L-32914, August 30, 1974
o People vs. Iligan, G.R. No. 75369, November 26, 1990
o People vs. Tamani, G.R. Nos. L-22160-61, January 21, 1974
o People vs. Tumaob, G.R. No. L-2300, May 27, 1949
o People vs. Saez, G.R. No. L-15776, March 29, 1961
o People vs. Abalos, G.R. No. L-2190, October 19, 1949
o People vs. Mori, G.R. No. L-23511, January 31, 1974
o People vs. Ramolete, G.R. No. L-28108, March 27, 1974
o People vs. Ricohermoso, G.R. Nos. L-30527-28, March 29, 1974
o People vs. Manangan, G.R. No. L-32733, September 11, 1974
o People vs. Ong, G.R. No. L-34497, January 30, 1975
o People vs. Pajenado, G.R. No. L-26458, January 30, 1976
o People vs. Palencia, G.R. No. L-38957, April 30, 1976
o People vs. Toribio, G.R. No. 88098, June 28, 1991
o People vs. Clamor, G.R. No. 82708, July 1, 1991
o People vs. Caldito, G.R. Nos. 78432-33, February 9, 1990
o People vs. Hernandez, G.R. No. 90641, February 27, 1990
o People vs. Badilla, G.R. No. 69317, May 21, 1990
o People vs. Diaz, G.R. No. 75433, November 9, 1988
o People vs. Bacho, G.R. No. 66645, March 29, 1989
o People vs. Caringal, G.R. No. 75368, August 11, 1989
o People vs. Nolasco, G.R. No. L-55483, July 28, 1988
o People vs. Trinidad, G.R. No. L-38930, June 28, 1988
o People vs. Reunir, G.R. No. 73605, January 29, 1988
o People vs. Andres, G.R. No. L-75355, October 29, 1987
o People vs. Perante, G.R. Nos. L-63709-10, July 16, 1986
o People vs. Dequeña, G.R. No. 105006, Sept. 4, 1996
o People vs. Yadaon, G.R. No. L-1562, November 26, 1948
o People vs. Atencio, G.R. No. L-22518, January 17, 1968
o People vs. Avila, G.R. No. L-4640, March 23, 1953
o People vs. Lingatong, G.R. No. 34019, January 29, 1990
o People vs. Montejo, G.R. No. L-68857, November 21, 1988
o People vs. Acosta, G.R. No. 70133, July 2, 1990
o People vs. Juanga, G.R. No. 83903, August 30, 1990
o People vs. Lunar, G.R. No. L-15579, May 29, 1972
o People vs. Marmita, G.R. No. 75618, December 29, 1989
o People vs. Carmina, G.R. No. 81404, January 28, 1991
o People vs. IAC, G.R. Nos. L-66939-41, January 10, 1987
o People vs. Delgado, G.R. No. 79672, February 15, 1990
o People vs. Melgar, G.R. No. 75268, January 29, 1988
o People vs. De Mesa, G.R. No. 87216, July 28, 1990
o People vs. Dollantes, G.R. No. 70639, June 30, 1987
o People vs. Ferrera, G.R. No. L-66965, June 18, 1987
o People vs. Pecato, G.R. No. L-41008, June 18, 1987
o People vs. Noble, G.R. No. L-288, August 29, 1946
o People vs. Mabubay, G.R. No. 87018, May 24, 1990
o People vs. Marciales, G.R. No. L-61961, October 18, 1988
o People vs. Estillore, G.R. No. L-68459, March 4, 1986
o People vs. Espinosa, G.R. No. 72883, December 20, 1989
o People vs. Gapasin, G.R. No. L-52017, October 27, 1986
o People vs. Masilang, G.R. No. L-64699, July 11, 1986
o People vs. Bayocot, G.R. No. 55285, June 28, 1989
o People vs. Muñoz, G.R. No. L-38969-70, February 9, 1989
o People vs. Acaya, G.R. No. L27998, July 29, 1988
o People vs. Egaras, G.R. No. L-33357, July 29, 1988
o People vs. Bravante, G.R. No. 73804, May 29, 1987
o People vs. Diva, G.R. No. L-22946, April 29, 1968
o People vs. Butler, G.R. No. L-50276, January 27, 1983
o People vs. Tilos, G.R. No. L-28596, February 21, 1968
o People vs. Sabanal, G.R. Nos. 73486-87, April 18, 1989
o People vs. Visagar, G.R. No. L-5384, June 12, 1953
o People vs. Luna, G.R. Nos. L-10236-48, January 31, 1958
o People vs. Jaravata, G.R. No. L-22029, August 15, 1967
o People vs. Magdueño, G.R. No. L-68699, September 22, 1986
o People vs. Rillorta, G.R. No. 57415, December 15, 1989
o People vs. Macalino, G.R. No. 79387, August 31, 1989
o People vs. Gupo, G.R. No. 75814, September 24, 1990
o People vs. Manlapaz, G.R. No. L-27259, February 27, 1974
o People vs. Castro, G.R. No. L-20555, June 30, 1967
o People vs. Jutie, G.R. No. 72975, March 31, 1989
o People vs. Lebumfacil, G.R. No. L-32910, March 28, 1980
o People vs. Retubado, G.R. No. L-58585, June 20, 1988
o People vs. Lasafin, G.R. No. L-5874, February 11, 1953
o People vs. Dagundong, G.R. No. L-10398, June 30, 1960
o US vs. Oro, G.R. No. 5781, August 14, 1911
o US vs. Lansañgan, G.R. No. 9781, July 30, 1914
o US vs. Baul, G.R. No. 14100, March 29, 1919
o US vs. Cornejo, G.R. No. 9773, November 20, 1914
o US vs. Estopia, G.R. No. 9411, September 29, 1914
o People vs. Sespeñe, G.R. No. L-9346
o US vs. Estopia, G.R. No. 9411, September 29, 1914
o People vs. Sespene, G.R. No. L-9346, October 30, 1957
o People vs. Bardon, G.R. No. L-60764, September 19, 1988
o People vs. Kintuan, G.R. No. 74100, December 3, 1987
o People vs. Sudoy, G.R. No. L-33572, October 10, 1974
o People vs. Berdida, G.R. No. L-20183, June 30, 1966
o People vs. Luna, G.R. No. L-28812, July 31, 1974
o People vs. Malig, G.R. No. L-2083, May 30, 1949
o People vs. Cagoco, G.R. No. 38511, October 16, 1933
o People vs. Cuadra, G.R. No. L-27973, October 23, 1978
o People vs. Liston, G.R. No. 63396, November 15, 1989
o People vs. Ganohon, G.R. Nos. 74670-74, April 30, 1991
o People vs. Solares, G.R. No. 82363, May 5, 1989
o People vs. Paras, G.R. No. L-61773, January 31, 1987
o People vs. Trinidad, G.R. No. L-38930, June 28, 1988
o People vs. Ampo-an, G.R. No. 75366, July 4, 1990
o People vs. Manzanares, G.R. No. 82696, September 8, 1989
o People vs. Molato, G.R. No. 66634, February 27, 1989
o People vs. Santos, G.R. No. L-32073, October 23, 1978
o People vs. Tiozon, G.R. No. 89823, June 19, 1991
o People vs. Ablao, G.R. No. 69184, March 26, 1990
o People vs. Bacho, G.R. No. 66645, March 29, 1989
o People vs. Besana, G.R. No. L-26191, May 19, 1975
o People vs. Renejane, G.R. Nos. 76954-55, February 26, 1988
o People vs. Bardon, G.R. No. L-60764, September 19, 1988
o People vs. Ducusin, G.R. No. 30724, August 8, 1929
o People vs. Ong, G.R. No. L-34497, January 30, 1975
o People vs. De Otero, G.R. No. 28072, December 10, 1927
o People vs. Pareja, G.R. No. L-21937, November 29, 1969
o People vs. Julipa, G.R. Nos. 46884-46886, June 17, 1940
o People vs. Mobe, G.R. No. L-1292, May 24, 1948
o People vs. Racaza, G.R. No. L-365, January 21, 1949
o People vs. Carandang, G.R. No. 32039, February 26, 1930
o People vs. Kintuan, G.R. No. 74100, December 3, 1987
o People vs. Ferrera, G.R. No. L-66965, June 18, 1987
o People vs. Sudoy, G.R. No. 33572, October 10, 1974
o People vs. Piring, G.R. No. 45053, October 19, 1936
o People vs. Ruzol, G.R. No. L-8699, December 29, 1956
o People vs. Jimenez, G.R. No. L-7151, May 30, 1956
o People vs. San Pedro, G.R. No. L-44274, January 22, 1980
o People vs. Guillen, G.R. No. L-1477, January 18, 1950
o People vs. Espiritu, G.R. No. 80406, November 20, 1990
o People vs. Sumalpong, G.R. No. 124705, January 20, 1998
o People vs. Ballesteros, G.R. No. 120921, January 29, 1998
o People vs. Aranjuez, G.R. No. 121898, January 29, 1998
o People vs. Medina, G.R. No. 113691, February 6, 1998
o People vs. Asis, G.R. No. 118936, February 9, 1998
o People vs. Cortes, G.R. No. 120920, February 12, 1998
o People vs. Albao, G.R. No. 117481, February 6, 1998
o People vs. Oliano, G.R. No. 119013, March 6, 1998
o People vs. Reyes, G.R. No. 118649, March 9, 1998
o People vs. Pallarco, G.R. No. 119971, March 26, 1998
o People vs. Cario, G.R. No. 123325, March 31, 1998
o People vs. Castillo, G.R. No. 120282, April 20, 1998
o People vs. Feloteo, G.R. No. 124212, June 5, 1998
o People vs. De la Cruz, G.R. Nos. 109619-23, June 26, 1998
o People vs. Mendoza, G.R. No. 133382, March 9, 2000
o People vs. Pedro Perreras, G.R. No. 139622, July 31, 2001
o People vs. Reynaldo Bagano, et al., G.R. No. 139531, January 31, 2002
o People vs. Edgar Ayupan, et al., G.R. No. 140550, February 13, 2002
o People vs. Rodolfo Castillano, G.R. No. 130596, February 15, 2002
o People vs. Pablito A. Ilo, G.R. No. 140731, November 21, 2002
o People vs. Marlon Delim, et al., G.R. No. 142773, January 28, 2003
o People vs. Marcelo Bates, G.R. No. 139907, March 28, 2003
o People vs. Juan Gonzales Escote, et al., G.R. No. 140756, April 4, 2003
o People vs. Hever Paulino, G.R. No. 148810, November 8, 2003
o People vs. Ricardo Latag, G.R. No. 153213, January 22, 2004
o People vs. Crisogono Botona, G.R. No. 161291, September 27, 2004
17. Ignominy (Article 14, no. 17)
o People vs. Acaya, G.R. No. L-72998, July 29, 1988
o People vs. Tapales, G.R. No.L-35281, September 10, 1979
o People vs. Mongado, G.R. No. L-24877, June 30, 1969
o US vs. Iglesia, G.R. No. 6868, December 14, 1911
o US vs. Casañas, G.R. No. 2168, December 5, 1905
o US vs. Camiloy, G.R. No. 12693, August 11, 1917
o People vs. Soriano, G.R. No. L-32244, June 24, 1983
o People vs. Detuya, G.R. No. L-39300, September 30, 1987
o People vs. Saylan, G.R. No. L-36941, June 29, 1984
o People vs. Jose, G.R. No. L-28232, February 6, 1981
o People vs. Nierra, G.R. No. L-32624, February 12, 1980
o People vs. Carmina, G.R. No. 81404, January 28, 1991
o People vs. Pantoja, G.R. No. L-18793, October 11, 1968
o US vs. Abaigar, G.R. No. 1255, August 17, 1903
o US vs. De Leon, G.R. No. 522, March 10, 1902
o People vs. Balondo, G.R. No. L-27401, October 31, 1969
o People vs. Ferrera, G.R. No. L-66965, June 18, 1987
o People vs. Rolando Bacule, G.R. No. 127568, January 28, 2000
o People vs. Freddie Catian, et al, G.R. No. 139693, January 24, 2002
o People vs. Bernardo Cortezano, et al., G.R. No. 123140, September 23, 2003
o People vs. Dominador Cachola, et al., G.R. No. 148712-15, January 21, 2004

18. Unlawful Entry (Article 14, no. 18)

o People vs. Sunga, G.R. No. L-18054, March 18, 1922
o People vs. Barruga, G.R. No. 42744, March 27, 1935
o People vs. John Amet G. Baello, G.R. No. 101314, July 1, 1993
o People vs. Oscar Lamosa, et al., G.R. Nos. 74291-93, May 23, 1989
o People vs. Ernesto Cariño, et al., G.R. No. 141737, March 20, 2002

19. Breaking Wall, Etc. (Article 14, no. 19)

o US vs. Matanug, G.R. No. 4094, September 3, 1908
o People vs. Capillas, G.R. No. L-38756, November 13, 1984
o People vs. Oscar Lamosa, G.R. Nos. 74291-93, May 23, 1989
o People vs. Rogelio Bondoy, G.R. No. 79089, May 18, 1993

20. Aid of Minor or by Means of Motor Vehicle (Article 14, no. 20)
o People vs. Espejo, G.R. No. 88662, June 18, 1990
o People vs. Cuadra, G.R. No. L-27973, October 23, 1978
o People vs. Bardon, G.R. No. L-60764, September 19, 1988
o People vs. Muñoz, G.R. No. L-38016, September 10, 1981
o People vs. Mil, G.R. Nos. L-28104-05, July 30, 1979
o People vs. Valeriano, G.R. No. L-2159, September 19, 1951
o People vs. De la Cruz, G.R. No. L-10583, December 28, 1956
o People vs. Garcia, G.R. No. L-32071, July 9, 1981
o People vs. Marasigan, G.R. No. 46786, November 25, 1940
o People vs. Jaranilla, G.R. No. L-28547, February 22, 1974
o People vs. Ong G.R. No. L-34497, January 30, 1975le
o People vs. Ablaza, G.R. No. L-27352, October 31, 1969
 o People vs. Correa, G.R. No. 119246, January 30, 1998
o People vs. Ricardo Cayanan, et al., G.R. Nos. 73257-58, June 16, 1995
o People vs. Reynaldo S. Lozada, G.R. No. 141121, July 17, 2003
o People vs. Rufino I. Mallari, G.R. No. 145993, June 17, 2003
o People vs. Raul Oco, G.R. Nos. 137370-71, September 29, 2003

21. Cruelty (Article 14, no. 21)

o People vs. Dayug, G.R. No. 25782, September 30, 1926
o People vs. Luna, G.R. No. L-28812, July 31, 1974
o People vs. Llamera, G.R. Nos. L-21604-5-6, May 25, 1973
o People vs. Ong, G.R. No. L-34497, January 30, 1975
o People vs. Mil, G.R. No. L-28104-05, July 30, 1979
o People vs. Mariquina, G.R. No. L-2428, June 20, 1949
o People vs. Beleno, G.R. Nos. L-5853-54, March 27, 1953
o People vs. Artieda, G.R. No. L-38725, May 15, 1979
o People vs. Vasquez, G.R. No. L-54117, April 20, 1982
o People vs. Pacris, G.R. No. 69986, March 5, 1991
o People vs. Laspardas, G.R. No. L-46146, October 23, 1979
o US vs. Gasal, G.R. No. 1532, February 23, 1904
o US vs. Tan Corteso, G.R. No. 10790, October 29, 1915
o US vs. Oro, G.R. No. 5781, August 14, 1911
o People vs. Aguinaldo, G.R. No. 33843, February 11, 1931
o People vs. Manzano, G.R. Nos. L-33643-44, July 31, 1974
o People vs. Lacao, G.R. No. L-32078, September 30, 1974
o People vs. Bersabal, G.R. No. 24532, December 11, 1925
o People vs. Clamania, G.R. No. L-2095, January 28, 1950
o People vs. Piring, G.R. No. 45053, October 19, 1936
o People vs. Curiano, G.R. Nos. L-15256-57, October 31, 1963
o People vs. Racaza, G.R. No. L-365, January 21, 1949
o People vs. Emelito Sitchon, G.R. No. 134362, February 27, 2002
o People vs. Bonnie R. Rabanal, G.R. No. 146687, August 22, 2002
o People vs. Antonio B. Sibonga, et al., G.R. No. 95901, June 16, 2003
o People vs. Guillermo Florendo, G.R. No. 136845, October 8, 2003
o People vs. Alvin Rolando Solamillo, G.R. No. 144497, June 29, 2004
o People vs. Vincent Henry Chua, G.R. No. 149538, July 26, 2004

E. Alternative Circumstances (Article 15)

1. Relationship
o People vs. Bersabal, G.R. No. 24532, December 11, 1925
o US vs. Insierto, G.R. No. 5606, March 2, 1910
o People vs. Balondo, G.R. No. L-27401, October 31, 1969
o People vs. Lamberte, G.R. No. L-65163, July 11, 1986
o People vs. Lucas, G.R. No. 80102, January 22, 1990
o People vs. Alisub, G.R. No. 46588, January 20, 1940
o People vs. Mercado, G.R. No. 27415, November 29, 1927
o People vs. Mendova, G.R. No. L-7030, January 31, 1957
o People vs. Nargatan, G.R. Nos. 24619 & 24620, December 16, 1925
o People vs. Canitan, G.R. No. L-16498, June 29, 1963
 o US vs. Ostrea, G.R. No. 1114, March 31, 1903
o People vs. De Leon, G.R. No. 26867, August 10, 1927
o People vs. Porras, G.R. No. 38107, October 16, 1933
o People vs. Lucas, G.R. No. 80102, January 22, 1990
o US vs. Ancheta, G.R. No. 98, October 14, 1901
o US vs. Velarde, G.R. No. 12766, October 12, 1917
o People vs. Johnny Viajedor, G.R. No. 148138, April 11, 2003
o People vs. Joseph Orilla, G.R. Nos. 148939-40, February 13, 2004
o People vs. Salvador Orillosa, G.R. Nos. 148716-18, July 7, 2004

2. Intoxication
o People vs. Ruiz, G.R. Nos. L-33604-05, October 30, 1979
o People vs. Camano, G.R. No. L-36662-63, July 30, 1982
o People vs. Boduso, G.R. Nos. L-30450-51, September 30, 1974
o People vs. Moral, G.R. No. L-31139, October 12, 1984
o People vs. Noble, G.R. No. L-288, August 29, 1946
o People vs. Apduhan, G.R. No. L-19491, August 30, 1968
o People vs. Mabilangan, G.R. No. L-48217, January 30, 1982
o People vs. Abalos, G.R. No. L-31726, May 31, 1974
o People vs. Pardo, G.R. No. L-562, November 19, 1947
o US vs. Fitzgerald, G.R. No. 1179, August 18, 1903
o People vs. Gongora, G.R. Nos. L-14030-31, July 31, 1963
o People vs. De Gracia, G.R. No. L-21419, September 29, 1966
o People vs. Hernandez, G.R. No. L-3391, May 23, 1952
o People vs. Dungka, G.R. No. 45423, July 1, 1937
o People vs. Baterna, G.R. No. 24724, February 25, 1926
o People vs. Alfredo Olicia, G.R. No. 134775, July 9, 2002
o People vs. Emelito Sitchon, G.R. No. 134362, February 27, 2002
o People vs. Pablito T. Inggo, G.R. No. 140872, June 23, 2003
o People vs. Edgardo Borbon, G.R. No. 143085, March 10, 2004

3. Degree of Instruction and Education of Offender

o US vs. Reguera, G.R. No. 16639, March 22, 1921
o People vs. Baltazar, G.R. No. L-30557, March 28, 1980
o People vs. Mangsant, G.R. No. 45704, May 25, 1938
o People vs. Limaco, G.R. No. L-3090, January 9, 1951
o People vs. Luna, G.R. No. L-28812, July 31, 1974
o People vs. Pujinio, G.R. No. L-21690, April 29, 1969
o People vs. Retania, G.R. No. L-34841, January 22, 1980
o People vs. Abanes, G.R. No. L-30609, September 28, 1976
o People vs. Macatanda, G.R. No. L-51368, November 6, 1981
o People vs. Diaz, G.R. No. L-24002, January 21, 1974
o People vs. Ripas, G.R. No. L-6246, May 26, 1954
o People vs. Geronimo, G.R. No. L-35700, October 15, 1973
o People vs. Sakam, G.R. No. 41566, December 7, 1934
o People vs. Melendrez, G.R. No. 39913, December 19, 1933
o People vs. Manuel, G.R. Nos. L-23786-87, August 29, 1969
o People vs. Talok, G.R. No. 45611, June 21, 1938
o People vs. Hubero, G.R. No. 42301, December 17, 1934
 o US vs. Pascual, G.R. No. L-3777, January 6, 1908
o People vs. De la Cruz, G.R. No. L-357, September 30, 1946
o People vs. San Pedro, G.R. No. L-44274, January 22, 1980
o People vs. Condemena, G.R. No. L-22426, May 29, 1968
o US vs. Marqui, G.R. No. 8931, March 14, 1914
o People vs. Caldito, G.R. No. 47694, June 10, 1941
o People vs. Mantawar, G.R. No. L-1248, April 30, 1948
o People vs. Enot, G.R. No. L-17530, October 30, 1962
o People vs. Salip Manla, G.R. No. L-21688, November 28, 1969
o Molesa vs. Director of Prisons, G.R. No. 39998, January 24, 1934
o US vs. Borjal, G.R. No. L-3633, October 30, 1907
o People vs. Lopez, G.R. No. L-14347, April 29, 1960
o People vs. Lansanas, G.R. No. L-1622, December 2, 1948
o People vs. Cruz, G.R. No. L-2236, May 16, 1951
o People vs. Marasigan, G.R. No. L-2235, January 31, 1950
o People vs. Rufineo L. Dejaresco, et al., G.R. No. L-32701, June 19, 1984
o People vs. Cristoto Lapaz, et al., G.R. No. 68898, March 31, 1989
o People vs. Romeo Belaro, G.R. No. 99869, May 26, 1999

PERSONS CRIMINALLY LIABLE FOR FELONIES

Case: People vs. Maluenda, G.R. No. 115351, March 27, 1998

1. Principals (Article 17)

a. Principals by Direct Participation

o People vs. Butchoy De La Torre, et al., G.R. Nos. 121213 and 121216-23, January 12, 2004
o People vs. Rene Gayot Pilola, G.R. No. 121828, June 27, 2003
o People vs. Cortes, G.R. No. 105010, September 3, 1993
o People vs. Peralta, G.R. No. L-19069, October 29, 1968
o People vs. Monroy, G.R. No. L-11177, October 30, 1958
o People vs. Talla, G.R. No. 44414, January 18, 1990
o People vs. Sazon, G.R. No. 89684, September 18, 1990
o People vs. Cruz, G.R. No. 74048, November 14, 1990
o People vs. Carpio, G.R. Nos. 82815-16, October 31, 1990
o People vs. Enriquez, G.R. No. 37408, October 10, 1933
o People vs. Rosario, G.R. No. 46459, October 13, 1939
o People vs. Mandagay, G.R. No. L-20353, July 17, 1923
o People vs. Bañez, G.R. Nos. L-26 & L-27, August 31, 1946
o US vs. Diris, G.R. No. 8578, November 17, 1913
o People vs. De la Cerna, G.R. No. L-20911, October 30, 1967
o People vs. Lao, G.R. No. L-10473, January 28, 1961
o Taer vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 85204, June 18, 1990
o People vs. Padrones, G.R. No. 85823, September 13, 1990
o People vs. Gupo, G.R. No. 75814, September 24, 1990
o People vs. Mateo, Jr., G.R. Nos. 53926-29, November 13, 1989
o People vs. Catubig, G.R. No. 71626, March 22, 1991
o People vs. Carcedo, G.R. No. 48085, June 26, 1991
o People vs. Furugganan, G.R. Nos. 90191-96, January 28, 1991
o People vs. Taaca, G.R. No. 35652, September 29, 1989
o People vs. Alvarez, G.R. No. 88451, September 5, 1991
o People vs. Espiritu, G.R. No. 80406, November 20, 1990
o People vs. Fernandez, G.R. No. 62116, March 22, 1990
o People vs. Canumay, G.R. No. L-29181, July 9, 1984
o People vs. Ong Chiat Lay, G.R. No. 39086, October 26, 1934
o People vs. Tamayo, G.R. No. 18289, November 17, 1922
o People vs. Cagod, G.R. No. L-36016, January 18, 1978
o People vs. Izon, G.R. No. L-10397, October 16, 1958
o People vs. Gensola, G.R. No. L-24491, September 30, 1969
o People vs. Pedrones, G.R. No. 85823, September 13, 1990
o People vs. Castelo, G.R. No. L-10774, May 30, 1964
o People vs. San Luis, G.R. No. L-2365, May 29, 1950
o People vs. Carpio, G.R. Nos. 82815-16, October 31, 1990
o People vs. Cruz, G.R. No. 86217, October 31, 1990
o People vs. Sazon, G.R. No. 89684, September 18, 1990
o People vs. Ancheta, G.R. No. 45344, November 29, 1938
o People vs. Ortiz, G.R. No. 35071, August 27, 1931
o US vs. Magcomot, G.R. No. 4329, March 30, 1909
o Araneta vs. CA, G.R. No. 43527, July 3, 1990
o People vs. Lacao, G.R. No. 95320, September 4, 1991
o People vs. Madera, G.R. No. L-35133, May 31, 1974
o People vs. Viñas, G.R. No. L-21756, October 28, 1968
o People vs. Manzano, G.R. No. L-33643, July 31, 1974
o People vs. Saliling, G.R. No. L-27974, February 27, 1976
o People vs. Umbrero, G.R. No. 93021, May 8, 1991
o People vs. Delgado, G.R. No. L-302, August 7, 1946
o People vs. Caballero, G.R. No. 31254, September 25, 1929
o People vs. Ibañez, G.R. No. L-178, November 29, 1946
o People vs. Manalo, G.R. No. 29036, December 22, 1928
o People vs. Tividad, G.R. No. L-21469, June 30, 1967
o People vs. Cruz, G.R. No. 86217, October 31, 1990
o People vs. Agbuya, G.R. Nos. 36366-36368, September 23, 1932
o People vs. Mancao, G.R. No. 26361, January 20, 1927
o US vs. Ancheta, G.R. No. 422, March 14, 1902
o US vs. Santos, G.R. No. 1175, August 27, 1903
o US vs. Asilo, G.R. No. 1957, January 30, 1905
o US vs. Fresnido, G.R. No. 1929, May 1, 1905
o People vs. Bazar, G.R. No. L-41829, June 27, 1988
o People vs. Cinco, G.R. No. 79497, February 27, 1991
o People vs. De la Cruz, G.R. No. L-10583, December 28, 1956
o People vs. Binasing, G.R. No. L-4837, April 28, 1956
o US vs. Bundal, G.R. No. 1312, December 21, 1903
o People vs. De la Cruz, G.R. No. 83798, March 29, 1990
o People vs. Carcedo, G.R. No. 48085, June 26, 1991
o People vs. Umali, G.R. L-5803, November 29, 1954
o People vs. Hamiana, G.R. Nos. L-3491-93, May 30, 1951
o People vs. Daligdig, G.R. No. L-2432, July 31, 1951
o People vs. Maranion, G.R. Nos. 90672-73, July 18, 1991
o People vs. Moka, G.R. No. 88838, April 26, 1991
o People vs. Patricio, G.R. No. L-20651, October 25, 1923
o People vs. Tan Diong, G.R. No. 39177, February 21, 1934
o US vs. Reogilon, G.R. No. 6783, March 1, 1912
 o People vs. Asaad, G.R. No. 33673, February 24, 1931

b. Principal by Induction
o People vs. Lao, G.R. No. L-10473, January 28, 1961
o US vs. Gamao, G.R. No. 6942, August 30, 1912
o People vs. Omine, G.R. No. 42476, July 24, 1936
o People vs. Cruz, G.R. No. 74048, November 14, 1990
o People vs. Gensola, G.R. No. L-24491, September 30, 1969
o People vs. Agapinay, G.R. No. 77776, June 27, 1990
o People vs. Canial, G.R. Nos. L-31042-31043, August 18, 1972
o People vs. Ong Chiat Lay, G.R. No. 39086, October 26, 1934
o US vs. Indanan, G.R. No. 8187, January 29, 1913
o People vs. Castillo, G.R. No. L-19238, July 26, 1966
o People vs. Tamayo, G.R. No. 18289, November 17, 1922
o People vs. Ulip, G.R. No. L-3455, July 31, 1951
o People vs. Otadora, G.R. No. L-2154, April 26, 1950
o People vs. Caimbre, G.R. No. L-12087, December 29, 1960
o People vs. Po Giok To, G.R. No. L-36509, February 25, 1982
o People vs. Dumancas, G.R. Nos. 133527-28, December 13, 1999

c. Principal by Indispensable Cooperation

o People vs. Abiog, G.R. No. L-12747, November 13, 1917
o US vs. Lim Buanco, G.R. No. 5240, November 19, 1909
o US vs. Javier, G.R. No. 10379, August 5, 1915
o People vs. Mario, G.R. No. L-13295, May 31, 1909
o People vs. Labis, G.R. No. L-22087, November 15, 1967
o People vs. Villa, G.R. No. L-591, June 30, 1948
o People vs. Alfaro, G.R. Nos. L-4231 & L-4232, May 28, 1952
o People vs. Fernandez, G.R. No. 62116, March 22, 1990
o Araneta vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 43527, July 3, 1990
o US vs. Cueva, G.R. No. 7162, December 3, 1912
o People vs. Mario, G.R. No. L-13295, May 31, 1960
o People vs. Martinez, G.R. No. 17248, August 30, 1921
o People vs. Tamayo, G.R. No. 18289, November 17, 1922
o People vs. Rolly Obello, G.R. No. 108772, January 14, 1998

2. Accomplices (Article 18)

 People vs. Aplegido, G.R. No. L-163, April 27, 1946
 People vs. Tamayo, G.R. No. 18289, November 17, 1922
 People vs. Cajandab, G.R. No. L-29598, July 26, 1973
 People vs. Cruz, G.R. No. 74048, November 14, 1990
 Cariño vs. People, G.R. No. L-14752, April 20, 1963
 People vs Azcona, G.R. No. 40098, February 28, 1934
 People vs. Antonio, G.R. No. 47813, November 18, 1941
 People vs. Ubiña, G.R. No. L-6969, August 31, 1955
 People vs. Nierra, G.R. No. L-32624, February 12, 1980
 People vs. Doble, G.R. No. L-30028, May 31, 1982
 People vs. Doctolero, G.R. No. 34386, February 7, 1991
 People vs. Clemente, G.R. No. L-23463, September 18, 1967
 People vs. Cajandab, G.R. No. L-29598, July 26, 1973
 People vs. Cagalingan, G.R. No. 79168, August 3, 1990
 People vs. Resayaga, G.R. No. L-49536, March 30, 1988
  People vs. Anin, G.R. No. L-39046, June 30, 1975
 People vs. Orayan, G.R. Nos. L-39121 & 39122, December 19, 1981
 People vs. Balili, G.R. No. L-14044, August 5, 1966
 People vs. Vicente, G.R. No. L-26241, May 21, 1969
 People vs. Cortes, G.R. No. 33614, November 4, 1930
 US vs. Bello, G.R. No. 4441, October 28, 1908
 People vs. Ortiz, G.R. No. 35071, August 27, 1931
 People vs. Lingad, G.R. No. L-6989, November 29, 1955
 US vs. Sotto, G.R. No. L-3774, November 20, 1907
 People vs. Tangbaoan, G.R. No. L-5113, August 31, 1953
 People vs. Manansala, G.R. No. L-23514, February 17, 1970
 People vs. Ibañez, G.R. No. L-178, November 29, 1946
 US vs. Flores, G.R. No. 8528, October 22, 1913
 US vs. De Jesus, G.R. No. 1190, September 24, 1903
 People vs. De la Cerna, G.R. No. L-20911, October 30, 1967
 People vs. Escarro, G.R. No. L-3647, July 26, 1951
 People vs. Crisostomo, G.R. No. L-19034, February 17, 1923
 El Pueblo de Filipinas vs. Aplegido, G.R. No. L-163, April 27, 1946
 US vs. Zalcos, G.R. No. 14468 & 14469, September 12, 1919
 People vs. Azcona, G.R. No. 40098, February 28, 1934
 People vs. Tumayao, G.R. No. 35442, March 2, 1932
 People vs. Ubiña, G.R. No. L-6969, August 31, 1955
 People vs. Silvestre, G.R. No. 35748, December 14, 1931
 People vs. Babiera, G.R. No. 28871, September 19, 1928
 People vs. Valdellon, G.R. No. L-21487, September 27, 1924
 People vs. Doble, G.R. No. L-30028, May 31, 1982
 People vs. Templonuevo, G.R. No. L-12280, January 30, 1960
 People vs. Geronimo, G.R. No. L-35700, October 15, 1973
 People vs. Jonathan Fabros, G.R. No. 139179, April 3, 2002
 People vs. Rene Gayot Pilola, G.R. No. 121828, June 27, 2003
 People vs. Dominador Cachola, et al., G.R. Nos. 148712-15, January 21, 2004
 People vs. Elizabeth Castillo, et al., G.R. No. 132895, March 10, 2004

3. Accessories (Article 19)

 US vs. Mendoza, G.R. No. 7540, September 23, 1912
 People vs. Verzola, G.R. No. L-35022, December 21, 1977
 US vs. Galanco, G.R. No. 4440, November 5, 1908
 US vs. Villaluz, G.R. No. 10726, December 1, 1915
 Taer vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 85204, June 18, 1990
 US vs. Cuison, G.R. No. 6840, November 1, 1911
 People vs. Talingdan, G.R. No. L-32126, July 6, 1978
 Vino vs. People, G.R. No. 84163, October 19, 1989
 People vs. Galleto, G.R. No. L-1095, July 31, 1947
 PD 1612, Anti-Fencing Law, 1979
 PD 1829, Obstruction of Justice
 US vs. Montano, G.R. No. 1345, December 29, 1903
 People vs. Verzola, G.R. No. L-35022, December 21, 1977
 People vs. Tanchoco, G.R. No. L-38, April 6, 1946
 US vs. Empeinado, G.R. No. L-4034, January 16, 1908
 US vs. Galanco, G.R. No. 4440, November 5, 1908
 US vs. Tan Tiap Co, G.R. No. 11643, December 2, 1916
 US vs. Leal, G.R. No. 432, February 6, 1902
 People vs. Galleto, G.R. No. L-1095, July 31, 1947
  People vs. De la Cruz, G.R. No. L-10583, December 28, 1956
 US vs. Yacat, G.R. No. 110, October 24, 1902
 US vs. Caballeros, G.R. No. 1352, March 29, 1905
 US vs. Callapag, G.R. No. 7041, January 23, 1912
 US vs. Romulo, G.R. No. 5502, March 7, 1910
 US vs. Mendoza, G.R. No. 7540, September 23, 1912
 Vino vs. People, G.R. No. 84163, October 19, 1989
 People vs. Talingdan, G.R. No. L-32126, July 6, 1978
 People vs. Alberto Antonio, G.R. No. 128900, July 14, 2000

PENALTIES
 People vs. Alfonso Patalin, G.R. No. 125539, July 27, 1999
 People vs. Erlinda Gonzales, G.R. No. 121877, September 12, 2001

A. Complex Crimes (Article 48)

 People vs. Antonio Comadre, et al., G.R. No. 153559, June 8, 2004
 Aurea R. Monteverde vs. People, G.R. No. 139610, August 12, 2002
 People vs. Glenn De Los Santos, G.R. No. 131588, March 27, 2001
 People vs. De Vera, G.R. Nos. 121462-63, June 9, 1999
 Enrile vs. Salazar, G.R. No. 92163-64, June 5, 1990
 People vs. Hernandez, G.R. No. 6025-26, July 18, 1956
 People vs. Geronimo, G.R. No. L-8936, October 23, 1956
 People vs. Rodriguez, G.R. No. L-13981, April 25, 1960
 People vs. Guillen, G.R. No. L-1477, January 18, 1950
 Napolis vs. CA, G.R. No. L-28865, February 28, 1972
 People vs. Toling, G.R. No. L-27097, January 17, 1975
 People vs. Tamani, G.R. No. L-22160-61, January 21, 1974
 People vs. Turla, G.R. No. 26388, February 14, 1927
 People vs. Benitez, G.R. No. 48396, September 11, 1942
 People vs. Acierto, G.R. No. 36595, November 28, 1932
 People vs. Remollino, G.R. No. L-14008, September 30, 1960
 People vs. Abella, G.R. No. L-32205, August 31, 1979
 People vs. Peñas, G.R. Nos. 46353-46355, December 5, 1938
 People vs. Cu Unjieng, G.R. No. 45685, November 16, 1987
 People vs. Garcia, G.R. No. L-40106, March 13, 1980
 People vs. Bersamin, G.R. No. L-3097, March 5, 1951
 People vs. Barbas, G.R. No. 41265 & 41266, July 27, 1934
 Parulan vs. Rodas, G.R. No. L-1536, July 31, 1947
 People vs. Ong, G.R. No. L-34497, January 30, 1975
 People vs. Jose, G.R. No. L-28232, February 6, 1971
 People vs. Alger, G.R. No. L-4690, November 13, 1952
 People vs. Bohos, G.R. No. L-40905, June 25, 1980
 People vs. Cano, G.R. No. L-19660, May 24, 1966
 People vs. Peña, G.R. No. L-36435, December 20, 1977
 People vs. Rillota, G.R. No. 57415, December 15, 1989
 People vs. Lasala, G.R. No. L-12141, January 30, 1962
 People vs. Pineda, G.R. No. L-26222, July 21, 1967
 People vs. Maribung, G.R. No. L-47500, April 29, 1987
 Regis vs. People, G.R. No. 46064 & 46089, December 24, 1938
 People vs. De Leon, G.R. No. 25375 & 25376, October 8, 1926
 People vs. Jaranilla, G.R. No. L-28547, February 22, 1974
 People vs. Enguero, G.R. No. L-8922-24, February 28, 1957
  People vs. Salvilla, G.R. No. 86163, April 26, 1990
 US vs. Ferrer, G.R. No. 60, November 8, 1901
 People vs. Olfindo, G.R. No. 22679, December 10, 1924
 People vs. Toling, G.R. No. L-27097, January 17, 1975
 People vs. Tamani, G.R. No. L-22160-61, January 21, 1974
 People vs. Turla, G.R. No. 26388, February 14, 1927
 People vs. Benitez, G.R. No. 48396, September 11, 1942
 People vs. Acierto, G.R. No. 36595, November 28, 1932
 People vs. Aplado, G.R. No. 31075, August 12, 1929
 US vs. Montiel, G.R. No. L-3852, November 11, 1907
 People vs. Acosta, G.R. No. 40903, April 28, 1934
 People vs. Yu, G.R. No. L-13780, January 28, 1961
 US vs. Andaya, G.R. No. 11477, August 8, 1916
 US vs. Hernandez, G.R. No. 9405, December 24, 1914
 People vs. Estoista, G.R. No. L-5793, August 27, 1953
 People vs. Remerata, G.R. No. L-6971, February 17, 1956
 People vs. Araneta, G.R. No. 24622, January 18, 1926
 People vs. Sabado, G.R. No. L-3267 & L-3268, May 28, 1951
 People vs. Tan, G.R. No. L-2096, February 6, 1951
 People vs. Ty Sui Wong, G.R. No. L-32529, May 12, 1978
 People vs. Manguiat, G.R. No. 28377, January 24, 1928
 People vs. Abedosa, G.R. No. 28600, March 21, 1928
 US vs. Geta, G.R. No. L-17144, September 29, 1921
 People vs. Cid, G.R. Nos. 45649-45652, October 17, 1938
 Regis vs. People, G.R. No. 46064 & 46089, December 24, 1938
 People vs. Alger, G.R. No. L-4690, November 13, 1952
 People vs. Rodriguez, G.R. No. L-13981, April 25, 1960
 People vs. Ang Cho Kio, G.R. No. L-6687 y L-6688, July 29, 1954
 People vs. Lizardo, G.R. No. L-22471, December 11, 1967
 People vs. Silva, G.R. No. L-15974, January 30, 1962
 People vs. Cano, G.R. No. L-19660, May 24, 1966
 People vs. Peña, G.R. No. L-36435, December 20, 1977
 Samson vs. CA, G.R. Nos. L-10364 & L-10376, March 31, 1958
 Angeles vs. Jose, G.R. No. L-6494, November 24, 1954
 People vs. Lasala, G.R. No. L-12141, January 30, 1962
 People vs. Pineda, G.R. no. L-26222, July 21, 1967
 People vs. Maribung, G.R. No. L-47500, April 29, 1987

B. Preventive and Subsidiary Imprisonment

 RA 6127
 BP 85
 RA 5465

Cases:
 People vs. Herila, G.R. No. L-32785, May 21, 1973
 People vs. Abanes, G.R. No. L-30609, September 28, 1976
 People vs. Lingao, G.R. No. L-28506, January 31, 1977
 People vs. Clementer, G.R. No. L-33490, August 30, 1974
 US vs. Ortencio, G.R. No. 13427, July 15, 1918
 People vs. Bastasa, G.R. No. L-32792, February 2, 1979
 People vs. Salik Magonawal, G.R. No. L-35783, March 12, 1975
 People vs. Gona, G.R. No. 32066, March 15, 1930
  Buiser vs. People, G.R. No. L-32377, October 23, 1982
 People vs. Doria, G.R. No. L-26188, L-26189 & L-26190, January 31, 1974
 People vs. Dacuycuy, G.R. No. L-45127, May 5, 1989
 People vs. Fajardo, G.R. No. 43466, May 25, 1938
 US vs. Ballesteros, G.R. No. 238, April 12, 1902
 Rosares vs. Director of Prisons, G.R. No. L-3463, March 6, 1950
 People vs. Concepcion, G.R. No. 40620, February 17, 1934
 US vs. Cara, G.R. No. L-22794, January 16, 1968
 Quemel vs. CA, G.R. No. 12632, September 13, 1917
 People vs. Bati, G.R. No. 87429, August 27, 1990
 People vs. Domingo, G.R. No. 82375, April 18, 1990
 US vs. Esteban, G.R. No. 16861, July 18, 1921
 People vs. Aparejado, G.R. No. 45190, April 19, 1939
 People vs. Arnault, G.R. No. L-4288, November 20, 1952
 People vs. Moreno, G.R. No. 41036, October 10, 1934
 People vs. Caldito, G.R. No. 47694, June 10, 1941
 People vs. Fajardo, G.R. No. 26143, August 7, 1926
 Diongzon vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 114823, December 23, 1999

C. Continuing Crime
Cases:
 People vs. De Leon, G.R. No. 25375 & 25376, October 8, 1926
 Regis vs. People, G.R. No. 46064 and 46089, December 24, 1938
 People vs. Jaranilla, G.R. No. L-28547, February 22, 1974
 People vs. Enguero, G.R. No. L-8922-24, February 28, 1957

D. Indeterminate Sentence Law

 DOJ Rules on Parole, March 7, 2006
Cases:
 People vs. Gonzales, G.R. No. 48293, April 20, 1942
 People vs. Ducosin, G.R. No. 38332, December 14, 1933
 Basan vs. People, G.R. No. L-39483, November 29, 1974
 People vs. De Joya, G.R. No. L-6587, January 27, 1956
 People vs. Dosal, G.R. Nos. L-4215-16, April 17, 1953
 People vs. Cesar, G.R. No. L-26185, March 13, 1968
 People vs. Jaurigue, Adm. Matter No. 384, February 21, 1946
 People vs. Soriano, G.R. No. 26538, March 30, 1927
 People vs. De Lara, G.R. No. L-8942, February 29, 1956
 People vs. Amores, G.R. No. L-32996, August 21, 1974
 People vs. Roque, G.R. No. L-3513, September 29, 1951
 People vs. Colman, G.R. No. L-6652-54, February 28, 1958
 People vs. Moises, G.R. No. L-32495, August 13, 1975
 People vs. Cempron, G.R. No. 66324, July 6, 1990
 People vs. Banzales, G.R. No. L-63260, March 20, 1987
 People vs. Lee, Jr., G.R. No. L-66859, September 12, 1984
 People vs. Dimalanta, G.R. No. L-5196, November 13, 1952
 People vs. Rosalinda Ramos, G.R. No. 85401-02, June 4, 1990
 People vs. Ong Ta, G.R. No. 47289, November 18, 1940
 People vs. Nang Kay, G.R. No. L-3565, April 20, 1951
 People vs. Venus, G.R. No. 45141, September 15, 1936
 People vs. Arellano, G.R. No. 46501, October 5, 1939
E. Probation Law (PD 968)
 PD 1257
 PD 968
 BP 76
 PD 1990
Cases:
 Llamado vs. CA, G.R. No. 84850, June 29, 1989
 Bala vs. Martinez, G.R. No. 67301, January 29, 1990
 Salgado vs. CA, G.R. No. 89606, August 30, 1990
 Palo vs. Militante, G.R. No. 76100, April 18, 1990
 Baclayon vs. Mutia, G.R. No. L-59298, April 30, 1984
 Amandy vs. People, G.R. No. L-76258, May 23, 1988
 Budlong vs. Apalisok, G.R. No. L-60151, June 24, 1983
 Salgado vs. CA, G.R. No. 89606, August 30, 1990
 Pablo vs. Judge Castillo, G.R. No. 125108, August 3, 2000
 Santos vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 127889, December 2, 1999
 Creer vs. Fabillar, A.M. No. MTJ-99-1218, August 14, 2000
 Lilia J. Vicoy vs. People, G.R. No. 138203, July 3, 2002

F. Child and Youth Welfare Code (PD 603)

 PD 603
 PD 1179
 PD 1210
Cases:
 Declador vs. Gubaton, G.r. No. 159208, August 18, 2006
 People vs. Larrañaga, et al., G.R. Nos. 138874-75, January 31, 2006
 People vs. Casiguran, G.R. No. L-45387, November 7, 1979
 People vs. Verano, G.R. No. L-45589, November 7, 1979
 People vs. Butler, G.R. No. L-50276, January 27, 1983
 People vs. Mendez, G.R. No. L-48131, May 30, 1983
 People vs. Felix Garcia, G.R. Nos. L-45280-81, June 11, 1981
 People vs. Candelario, G.R. No. 125550, July 11, 2000
 People vs. Jacinto, G.R. No. 182239, March 16, 2011

G. Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of 2006 (R.A. 9344)

 R.A. No. 9344 (Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of 2006), April 28, 2006
 Rules on the Suspension of Sentence of a First-Time Minor Drug Offender

H. Death Penalty
Case: People vs. Echegaray, G.R. No. 117472, February 7, 1997
 RA 7659
 RA 8177
Cases:
o People vs. Antonio Abes, et al., G.R. No. 138937, January 20, 2004
o People vs. Efren G. Mateo, G.R. Nos. 147678-87, July 4, 2004

I. Application of Penalties
Cases:
 People vs. Ducosin, G.R. No. 38332, December 14, 1933
 People vs. Formigones, G.R. No. L-3246, November 29, 1950
 People vs. Simon, G.R. No. 93028, July 29, 1994
 People vs. Reynaldo Bago, et al., G.R. No. 122290, April 6, 2000
 In re Petition for habeas corpus of Pete Lagran, G.R. No. 147270, August 15, 2001

EXTINCTION OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY

A. Total Extinction (Article 89)
Cases:
 Philippine Agila Satellite, Inc. vs. Josefina Trinidad Lichauco, et al., G.R. No. 134887, July 27, 2006
 Petralba vs. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 81337, August 16, 1991
 People vs. Jose, G.R. No. L-28397, June 17, 1976
 People vs. Misola, G.R. No. L-3606, December 29, 1950
 Salgado vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 89606, August 30, 1990
 Tolentino vs. Caloy, G.R. No. L-2503, December 10, 1948
 US vs. Guarin, G.R. No. 9900, March 15, 1915
 People vs. Infante, G.R. No. 36270, August 31, 1932
 Alvarez vs. Director of Prisons, G.R. No. L-1809, January 23, 1948
 Barrioquinto vs. Fernandez, G.R. No. L-1278, January 21, 1949
 US vs. Sotelo, G.R. No. 9791, October 3, 1914
 US vs. Francisco, G.R. No. L-3875, February 19, 1908
 Santos vs. Superintendent of the Phil. Training School for Girls, G.R. No. 34334, November 28, 1930
 People vs. Bayotas, G.R. No. 152007, September 2, 1994
 People vs. Santiago, G.R. No. 27972, October 31, 1927
 Monsanto vs. Factoran, Jr., G.R. No. 78239, February 9, 1989
 US vs. Madlangbayan, G.R. No. 1280, August 19, 1903

B. Prescription of Crimes (Article 90)

Cases:
 People vs. Del Rosario, G.R. No. L-7234, May 21, 1955
 People vs. Ramos, G.R. No. L-25265 and L-25644, May 9, 1978
 Yapdiangco vs. Buencamino, G.R. No. L-28841, June 24, 1983
 People vs. Maceda, G.R. No. 48224, September 23, 1942
 People vs. Canson, G.R. No. L-8848-58, May 23, 1957
 Dalao vs. Geronimo, G.R. No. L-5969, April 29, 1953
 People vs. Basalo, G.R. No. L-9892, April 15, 1957
 People vs. Cruz, G.R. No. L-15132, April 25, 1960
 People vs. Crisostomo, G.R. No. L-16945, August 31, 1962
 People vs. Ramos, G.R. No. L-25265, May 9, 1978
 People vs. Castro, G.R. No. L-6407, July 29, 1954
 Board of Commissioners (CID) vs. Dela Rosa, G.R. No. 95122-23, May 31, 1991
 Arambulo vs. Laqui, G.R. No. 138596, October 12, 2000

C. Computation of Prescription of Offenses (Article 91)

Cases:
 People vs. Aquino, G.R. No. 46615, September 27, 1939
 Cabral vs. Puno, G.R. No. L-41692, April 30, 1976
 People vs. Monteiro, G.R. No. 49454, December 21, 1990
 People vs. Joson, G.R. No. L-22366, October 7, 1924
 Aches vs. Bellasillo, G.R. No. 1779, June 29, 1948
 People vs. Parao, G.R. No. 29542, February 1, 1929
 People vs. Tayco, G.R. No. 48707-48709, December 5, 1941
 People vs. Del Rosario, G.R. No. L-15140, December 29, 1960
 People vs. Olarte, G.R. No. L-22465, February 28, 1967
 People vs. Abuy, G.R. No. L-17616, May 30, 1962
 People vs. Galano, G.R. No. L-42925, January 31, 1977
 People vs. Cariño, G.R. No. 334313, September 16, 1931
 People vs. Maneja, G.R. No. 47684, June 10, 1941
 Llenes vs. Dicdican, G.R. no. 122274, July 31, 1996
 People vs. Pacificador, G.R. No. 139405, March 13, 2001

D. Prescription of Penalties (Article 92)

 Case: People vs. Salazar, G.R. No. L-8570, March 23, 1956

E. Computation of the Prescription of Penalties (Article 93)

Cases:
 Infante vs. Warden, G.R. No. L-4164, December 12, 1952
 Pangan vs. Hon. Gatbalite et. al., G.R. No. 141718, January 1, 2005

F. Partial Extinction of Criminal Liability (Articles 94 to 99)

Cases:
 Fortunato vs. Director, G.R. No. L-1782, February 2, 1948
 People vs. Martin, G.R. No. 46432, May 17, 1939
 Baking vs. Director of Prisons, G.R. No. L-30364 & L-30603, July 28, 1969
 People vs. Tan, G.R. Nos. L-21805, February 25, 1967

CIVIL LIABILITY

A. Persons Civilly Liable for Felonies (Articles 100 to 103)

Cases:
 Phil. Rabbit Bus Lines vs. People, G.R. No. 147703, April 14, 2004
 Cerezo vs. Tuazon, G.R. No. 141538, March 23, 2004
 George Manantan vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 107125, January 29, 2001
 Occena vs. Icamina, G.R. No. 82146, January 22, 1990
 People vs. Ravelo, G.R. No. 78781-82, October 15, 1992
 People vs. Velaga, Jr., G.R. No. 87202, July 23, 1991
 Petralba vs. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 81337, August 16, 1991
 People vs. Navoa, G.R. No. L-67966, September 28, 1984
 People vs. Sendaydiego, G.R. Nos. L-33252, L-33253 & L-33254, January 20, 1978
 Maximo vs. Gerochi, G.R. Nos. L-47994-97, September 24, 1986
 People vs. Miranda, G.R. No. L-17389, August 31, 1962
 Tanda vs. Aldaya, G.R. No. L-3278, July 28, 1951
 Occena vs. Ikamina, G.R. No. 82146, January 22, 1990
 People vs. Lucero, G.R. No. 179044, December 6, 2010
 People vs. Elarcosa, G.R. No. 186539, June 29, 2010
 People vs. Tubongbanwa, G.R. No. 171281, August 31, 2006
 People vs. De Guzman, G.R. Nos. 51385-86, January 22, 1983
 People vs. Catalino Castañeda, G.R. No. L-49781-91, June 24, 1983
 People vs. Velez, G.R. No. L-1219, February 25, 1947
 Alba vs. Acuña, G.R. No. 31273, August 26, 1929
 Belleza vs. Huntington, G.R. No. L-3319, August 16, 1951
 Parker vs. Panlilio, G.R. No. L-4961, March 5, 1952
 People vs. Oraza, G.R. No. L-1471, May 20, 1949
 People vs. Lipana, G.R. No. 47669, May 3, 1941
 People vs. Maceda, G.R. No. 48224, September 23, 1942
 People vs. Ursua, G.R. No. 40198, August 1, 1934
 People vs. Montesa, G.R. No. L-3942, August 30, 1950
 Carpio vs. Doroja, G.R. No. 84516, December 5, 1989
 Carandang vs. Santiago, G.R. No. L-8238, May 25, 1955
 Rojas vs. People, G.R. No. L-22237, May 31, 1974
 Tactaquin vs. Palileo, G.R. No. L-20865, December 29, 1967
 Roa vs. De la Cruz, G.R. No. L-13134, February 13, 1960
 Reyes vs. Sempio-Diy, G.R. No. L-71914, January 29, 1986
 Jimenez vs. Averia, G.R. No. L-22759, March 29, 1968
 People vs. Aragon, G.R. No. L-5930, February 17, 1954
 Merced vs. Diez, G.R. No. L-15315, August 26, 1960
 De Leon vs. Mabanag, G.R. No. 47006, June 26, 1940
  Donato vs. Luna, G.R. No. L-53642, April 15, 1988
 Aleria vs. Mendoza, G.R. No. L-2056, April 27, 1949
 Ocampo vs. Tancinco, G.R. No. L-5967, January 31, 1955
 Paleyan vs. Bangkili, G.R. No. L-22253, July 30, 1971
 US vs. Baggay, G.R. No. 6659, September 1, 1911
 Tan vs. Standard Vacuum Oil Co., G.R. No. L-4160, July 29, 1952
 Steinmetz vs. Valdez, G.R. No. 47655, April 28, 1941
 Baza Mktg. Corp. vs. Bolinao Security, G.R. No. L-32383, September 30, 1982
 Marquez vs. Castillo, G.R. No. 46237, September 27, 1939
 Jamelo vs. Serfino, G.R. No. L-26730, April 27, 1972
 Miranda vs. Malate Garage & Taxicab, G.R. No. L-8943, July 31, 1956
 Martinez vs. Barredo, G.R. No. 49308, May 13, 1948
 Arambulo vs. Meralco, G.R. No. 33229, October 23, 1930
 Copiaco vs. Luzon Brokerage, G.R. No. 46135, September 19, 1938

B. What Civil Liability Includes (Articles 104 to 111)

Cases:
 Heirs of Raymundo Castro v. Bustos, G.R. No. L-25913, February 28, 1969
 People vs. Mostasesa, G.R. No. L-5684, January 22, 1954
 People vs. Fortuno, G.R. No. 48519-22, June 12, 1942
 US vs. Sotelo, G.R. No. 9791, October 3, 1914
 Gacula vs. Martinez, G.R. No. L-3038, January 31, 1951
 Varela vs. Finnick, G.R. No. L-3890, January 2, 1908
 Reyes vs. Ruiz, G.R. No. 9536, July 24, 1914
 US vs. Soriano, G.R. No. 4563, January 19, 1909
 Chua Hai vs. Kapunan, G.R. No. L-11108, June 30, 1958
 US vs. Barambangan, G.R. No. 11634, August 1, 1916
 People vs. Pantig, G.R. No. L-8325, October 25, 1955
 People vs. Alejano, G.R. No. 33667, October 4, 1930
 People vs. Logo, G.R. No. L-1317, February 27, 1947
 US vs. Banila, G.R. No. 6624, March 20, 1911
 People vs. Caldito, G.R. No. 47694, June 10, 1941
 People vs. Mañago, G.R. No. 47005, January 21, 1940
 Manila Railroad Co. vs. Baltazar, G.R. No. L-54151, September 14, 1953
 People vs. Consigna, G.R. No. L-18087, August 31, 1965
 US vs. Yambao, G.R. No. 1662, February 13, 1905
 US vs. Dionisio, G.R. No. 11589, October 26, 1916
 Copiaco vs. Luzon Brokerage, G.R. No. 46135, September 19, 1938
 Heirs of Rillorta vs. Firme, G.R. No. L-54904, January 29, 1988
 People vs. Ravelo, G.R. Nos. 78781-82, October 15, 1991
 People vs. De Guzman, G.R. No. 82002, December 20, 1990
 People vs. Pantoja, G.R. No. L-18793, October 11, 1968
 People vs. Echaluce, G.R. No. L-29776, August 27, 1975
 People vs. Reyes, G.R. No. L-33154, February 27, 1976
 People vs. Medroso, G.R. No. L-37633, January 31, 1975
 People vs. Neria, G.R. No. 47882, April 14, 1941
 Alcantara vs. Surro, G.R. No. L-4555, July 23, 1953
 People vs. Bunagan, G.R. No. 177161, June 30, 2008
 People vs. Hermocilla, G.R. No. 175830, July 10, 2007
 People vs. Villanueva, G.R. No. 139177, August 11, 2003
 People vs. Baun, G.R. No. 167503, August 20, 2008
 US vs. Heery, G.R. No. 8634, October 22, 1913
 US vs. Madlangbayan, G.R. No. 1280, August 19, 1903
 Lamiguis vs. People, G.R. No. L-20338, April 27, 1967
 People vs. Cortes, G.R. No. 33614, November 4, 1930
 People vs. Bantagan, G.R. No. 33045, August 15, 1930
  People vs. Danilo Catubig, G.R. No. 137842, August 23, 2001
 People vs. Ejandra, G.R. No. 134203, May 27, 2004
 People vs. Regalario, G.R. No. 147783, March 31, 2009

C. Extinction and Survival of civil Liability (Articles 112 to 113)

Cases:
 People vs. Bayotas, G.R. No. 102007, September 2, 1994
 Petralba vs. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 81337, August 16, 1991
 Tajuco vs. E.R. Squibb & Son, G.R. No. 11052, April 30, 1958
 Balite vs. People, G.R. No. L-21475, September 30, 1966
 US vs. Mambang, G.R. No. 11636, February 28, 1917
 US vs. Madlangbayan, G.R. No. 1280, August 19, 1903
 Budlong vs. Apalisok, G.R. No. L-60151, June 24, 1983