Why Disordered Eating Behaviors Are Rising in Western Civilizations and Ways to Identify

Them

Why Disordered Eating Behaviors Are Rising in Western Civilizations and Ways to Identify Them

Larissa A. Lee

University of North Florida

HSC 4730: Public Health Research

Professor Lukens Bull

Why Disordered Eating Behaviors Are Rising in Western Civilizations and Ways to Identify
Them
Abstract

Disordered eating is loosely defined as a mental illness or psychological response to

feelings of anxiety, depression, social pressures or living within toxic environments that include

engaging in behaviorisms such as skipping meals, eating alone, eating at night, abusing diet

pill/laxatives, over-exercising, self-induced vomiting and others. Disordered eating has been on the

rise in westernized civilizations for years now and it is being advertised too. A few minutes of

scrolling through any platform of media are people discussing unhealthy weight loss habits,

personal diaries of weight gain, videos of women bingeing and more. Studies have shown that with

the rise of unadulterated social media and access to the internet, eating disorders such as anorexia

nervosa, binge eating, Bulimia and Orthorexia have also seen a level of growth. The discussion

aims to review research that has analyzed how external online pressures have influenced the

growth of disordered eating and poor body image as well as determine how to diagnose on a wide

scale platform.
Why Disordered Eating Behaviors Are Rising in Western Civilizations and Ways to Identify
Them

Background

Anorexia Nervosa has the highest mortality rate of mental illnesses. In America at least

30 million people will suffer from an eating disorder or disordered eating behaviors. 25 % of

college aged women will participate in disordered eating habits as a way to maintain their weight

or lose weight. This mind state that has consumed the majority of our youth in America that in

order to fit into an ideal form has caused irreparable damage to our bodies and our mental health.

Eating disorders are more commonly associated with female behavior and is more often

diagnosed in women however, with the rise of social platforms, we are seeing an increase of ED

in men as well; being shown hundreds of images of large muscular physiques or men who are

very lean. Anorexia is also increasing in some male diagnoses of eating disorders, but it is still

not as commonly seen as in women. The prevalence of eating disorders in younger people are

also starting to grow due to their interest/presence on social medias. Younger people developing

ED are going to be detrimental to their physical, long term health because their bodies are still

growing. This seems like a daunting issue that is getting out of hand, in order to be able to

control the mental illness of disordered eating, we need to understand who is affected, what are

the largest causes, how can we identify them and how we can educate each other on disordered

eating.

With all the visibility and posting people are participating in in advertising their own

eating issues on a plethora of social media platforms (snapchat, Facebook, YouTube, Instagram,

etc), there are still not enough people being diagnosed by a doctor or getting professional help.

Every 62 minutes, someone dies from an eating disorder; despite this statistic it is still a national

issue that should be dealt with swiftly. in Ellen E. Fitzsimmons study on “An Online Screen for
Why Disordered Eating Behaviors Are Rising in Western Civilizations and Ways to Identify
Them
Eating Disorders Across the U.S.”, they have a respondent number of 71,362. Of these

respondents about 86% of them were at risk for or had an eating disorder, yet only 3% were

receiving treatment. That is a large sample size for only a small percentage receiving help.

Fitzsimmons’ study revealed that not enough people knew they even had an eating disorder and

the researchers developed a way to reach enough people to validly diagnose those with potential

ED.

We know that eating disorders are influenced in some ways through social media, but

exactly how much influence to do they have? In Ellen Feldman’s study on “social media use and

disordered eating in young adolescents,” Dr. Feldman states in her results, “for girls, time spent

on Instagram was correlated with higher disordered eating scores,” (Feldman, 2020). Also, in Dr.

Lonergan’s “protect me from my selfie” study found that the more a photo of one’s self is

manipulated, or more investment was put into ones’ “selfie” the higher correlation there was for

an eating disorder. Even investment in other’s photos could predict the chance of an eating

disorder, “investment in others’ selfies was associated with greater adjusted odds of meeting

criteria for all eating disorder groups,” (Lonergan, 2019).

Of course, eating disorders are not just the result of owning a platform on social media.

We also know that eating disorders can be a secondhand result within the experience of other

mental disorders such as anxiety, depression, and body dysmorphic disorder. But, eating

disorders place the focus on what we look like specifically. Not with an insecurity in who we are

but in what we look like. Why has our concern for what we look like cause such an epidemic as

DE to the point where it is fatal? One study by Dr. Kilpela explores this concern. Within

westernized societies, we are one with technology. The media surrounds us and the idea behind

“sex sells” as a marketing strategy in advertisements is becoming an issue.

Why Disordered Eating Behaviors Are Rising in Western Civilizations and Ways to Identify
Them
Dr. Kilpela created a study, that uses an ethnically diverse sample in testing “self-

objectification and eating disorder pathology” (Kilpela 2019). To understand the study, we must

understand self-objectification: when people view themselves as objects for use instead of human

beings which is a result of objectification; something our media is well-versed in. The results

summarized is that there is little discrepancy between studies that are less ethnically diverse than

this one that is more. The trend is similar in that our western society, most women, despite age,

race, ethnic group, BMI or socioeconomic status, will experience self-objectification and body

shame that can develop into disordered eating behaviors. What this specific study did well was

that it used a larger and more diverse sample of women as well as incorporating two methods of

research: cross-sectional and longitudinal. This allowed the validity of the experiment to be

trustworthy and can be used as a better representation of the reality of our society and eating

disorders. The results were consistent with other studies studying similar connections, self-

objectification did develop into body shame and eating disorders outside of the categorized racial

groups.

Along with advertising ideal body images online and social media platforms almost

“romanticizing” eating disorders, another issue that Is commonly seen amongst social media

forums are discussions between people who are mentally ill, giving each other “advice” on how

to dive deeper into the habits and behaviors of an eating disorder. This was popularized on

“Tumblr” in the early 2000s where girls would tell each other to drink more water to avoid eating

or ways on how to force one’s selves to vomit. One specific piece of advice that is still advertised

online today is the use and abuse of laxatives and diet pills in men and women as a way to

manage or force weight loss. Diet pills are advertised on television a lot and on fitness platforms

on social medias like Facebook and Instagram as a way to make quick money by promise a quick
Why Disordered Eating Behaviors Are Rising in Western Civilizations and Ways to Identify
Them
way to lose weight. The problem with diet pills and laxatives is that many are anti-diuretics

which forces the body to dehydrate itself. Laxatives are created in order to be a relief for

constipation, but many people will use laxatives as a way to “purge” their food thinking that it

will aid in weight loss. Doing this too often severely dehydrates the body and can cause heart

palpitations, bone density loss and irritable bowel syndrome.

A study done by Dr. Levinson titled, “diet pill and laxative use for weight control and

subsequent eating disorder in U.S. young women,” (Levinson, 2020), analyzes the relationship

between women using laxatives/diet pills and if they are developing, have developed, or are at

risk for a full blown eating disorder. Levinson used a combined respondent group number of

17,035 participants in the study, so the sample size is well representative of society. The results

from this study states,

“among those who had not previously received an eating disorder diagnosis, women

reported diet pill use for weight control had higher odds of receiving a subsequent first eating

disorder diagnosis within 1 to 3 years than those who did not report using these products,”

(Levinson, 2020).

Using these products are considered “gateway behaviors” into eating disorders and are

more commonly used for weight control than we tend to assume. These are dangerous practices

that should be educated and monitored especially to our youth. Like the title states in Levinson’s

study, the researchers focus on “young women in the U.S.” which lets readers assume those who

participate in disordered eating are getting younger, making it that more dangerous because they

are developing bad habits early amidst a developing/growing body.

Why Disordered Eating Behaviors Are Rising in Western Civilizations and Ways to Identify
Them
Pilot study

The Pilot Study used a survey to carefully administer questions to participants asking

about details of their relationships between their eating habits and their social media accounts.

The purpose behind the survey was to find a correlation between longer time spent on social

media and higher risk of disordered eating behaviors.

The main goal was to be able to track the positive or negative linear relationship of whether an

over-use of social media, amongst college-aged women, was a relevant or primary variable in the

overall rise in disordered eating patterns and fully developed eating disorders in general. The

survey was distributed to women between the ages of 18 and 25 to different Florida colleges.

The participants answered the questions anonymously.

Data was recorded through and excel spreadsheet in Qualtrics. The women were asked to

confirm that they were 18 years old or older. The survey asked for consent to collect data from

the answers of the participants which the participants could agree to or not take the survey with

no negative repercussions.

Overall, the trend showed that the majority of college-aged women are more likely to engage in

risky eating habits and mentalities when more time is spent scrolling on social media. A total of

18 participants answered the survey. The problems that could come from the survey is user bias

or false information given by the participant.

More women on average tend to spend between 3 to 4 hours on social media. Along with that

statistic gained from the survey data, more women on average spent a good amount of time

during the day thinking about their body image, their eating habits and engage in risky eating

behaviors.
Why Disordered Eating Behaviors Are Rising in Western Civilizations and Ways to Identify
Them

FREQUENCY OF THOUGHT ABOUT

EATING HABITS
Sometimes Most of the Time Always Never

22%
39%
11%

28%

This table represents data that tells us that 39% of college aged women sometimes think about

their eating habits, which is a positive fact.

INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA

ON DIET RESTRICTION
Possible Answers

NO

MAYBE

YES

0 2 4 6 8 10
Number of Resopnses

This bar chart represents how the majority of responses have agreed that social media have has

an influence on their diet restriction. This is a positive correlation of higher social media

presence to higher risk of participating in restrictive eating behaviors.

Why Disordered Eating Behaviors Are Rising in Western Civilizations and Ways to Identify
Them
The data shows that on one hand, there is a positive correlation between effects of social media

and an increase in body image issues. On the other hand, there is a surprising statistic that

represents that only on occasion throughout the day, did participants think about their eating

habits. It is also a positive thing to notice that only 11% (the smallest percentage in the pie chart)

always think about their eating habits, compared to a 22% of participants never thinking about

their eating habits.

A benefit of doing a cross-sectional survey allows the participants have full anonymity is they

choose or even to not participate at all with no negative consequences. It also represents real time

data and uses qualitative and quantitative data together to represent the population. These

surveys can represent any size of population and be distributed in any point in time. It is also the

most convenient way to distribute to many people at once.

Some consequences of this specific study were that it was a small population representing a large

majority of women in college, so it is not completely accurate. It also has the issue of lack of

understanding from the participant or the participant could lie about their own truth or give a

skewed experience
Why disordered eating behaviors are rising in western civilizations and ways to identify them 10

Research methods

The purpose of the study is to find the correlation and relationship between disordered

eating behaviors in college age women in westernized civilizations and the use or overuse of social

media. The theory this study will be centered around is that spending or investing certain amounts

of time on social media would lead to body image issues which would then turn into if women

between ages of 18 and 30 develop disordered eating patterns. These disordered patterns have the

potential to develop into full-blown eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa, binge eating,

bulimia and many others. The goal is to see if the correlation is present and relevant so that as a

community, we can incorporate preventative measures. In order to accomplish this goal, Larissa

Lee, the principal investigator has selected a team of experienced personnel to assist in the study.

Professor Lukens Bull, MPH, has volunteered to assist Larissa Lee in assuring the ethical conduct

of the study along with other responsibilities such as results analysis, collection of data and

recruitment. A licensed psychologist, Dr. Gonzalez, who specializes in eating disorders, body

dysmorphic disorders and self esteem disorders, will be in control of analysis of results in

collaboration with Prof. Lukens Bull. There will also be a data coordinator who is responsible for

data organization, accuracy, validity and user-bias.

The study is focused directly at college aged women (18-30) who are highly invested in social

media and who show signs or symptoms of disordered eating habits and low self-esteem; these will

be focused on factors such as age, education, social media presence and their experience on their

physical appearance. This study will be conducted in Duval county, Jacksonville, Florida. This

county was chosen due to a high range of college institutions within the area as well as a large

population of female, college students. The participants of the study must be between the ages of

18 and 30, they must have a social media account, have been to or are currently attending a college
Why disordered eating behaviors are rising in western civilizations and ways to identify them 11

course or university and have experienced one or more habits of disordered eating or low self

esteem thoughts. This is to gain the most accurate data possible based on the participants who can

give the most valid and reliable responses. The study will consist of 500 participants who will be

presented with a survey consisting of 10 question based around social media and eating habits.

This will be distributed through convenience sampling because it is the best way to reach a large

group of people. Participants have the right to refuse to take the survey with no negative

repercussions. The survey will be posted on social media accounts that are university affiliated in

order to reach college aged students.

The type of study method that will be used is a cross-sectional method. This will be used to

compare the relationship between higher times spent on social media and increased chance of

disordered eating behaviors as experiences from college aged women. Those who have disordered

eating will be separated into one group and those who have not will be separated into another and

then compared. We should see in this study that higher usage and increased time spent on social

media would also show data of higher rates of disordered eating. Those who do not experience

such severe disordered eating behaviors would be seen as spending less time on social media.

The survey used will be a revised survey from the one made for class but will have similarities in

questions from the same survey the personnel team will organize and analyze the data received

from the survey’s responses. The purpose is to identify if more time spent scrolling on social

media platforms such as Instagram, twitter and facebook, has either a direct or indirect correlation

to the development of disordered eating behaviors. This data will be organized and sorted into a

table to be compared and analyzed. One concern in using this method is user bias or user

misinformation/misunderstanding. This happens if some participants do not understand what the

survey is asking or understand the content of the questions. Also, the participants do not have to
Why disordered eating behaviors are rising in western civilizations and ways to identify them 12

give genuine or truthful information depending on their personal experience. Despite the ability for

this to skew results, a large sample size is used in order to combat this issue.

Proposed data analysis for current research

Using correlational variable analysis along with added survey responses, we can analyze

more representative data to determine if a correlation exists between an extended amount of time

spent on social media and if there is a rise in disordered eating behaviors such as binging, purging,

restriction, clean eating, over exercising and so on. The research question may need to be adjusted

to include a broader range of individuals because more and more people are getting involved in

and interacting with more social media not just our narrow population of college aged women.

Data dissemination

Upon completion of the study, if a clear answer can be determined through the results, the

information will be released upon eating disorder facilities and other mental health institutions to

aid in the rehabilitation of patients admitted for the abuse of poor diet behaviors. It will also be

released to the CDC (center of disease control) because eating disorders are a mental illness and an

epidemic in American society. The CDC is the largest distributer of disease information and can

reach many people. Our hope is that this information will be integrated into smaller facilities such

as the workplace, school curriculums and therapy centers.

Why disordered eating behaviors are rising in western civilizations and ways to identify them 13

References

AHC MEDIA. (2020). Social Media Use and Disordered Eating in Young Adolescents.
Integrative Medicine Alert, 23(5), 1–3.

Fitzsimmons, C. E. E., Balantekin, K. N., Graham, A. K., Smolar, L., Park, D., Mysko, C.,
Funk, B., Taylor, C. B., & Wilfley, D. E. (2019). Results of disseminating an online screen for
eating disorders across the U.S.: Reach, respondent characteristics, and unmet treatment need.
International Journal of Eating Disorders, 52(6), 721–729. https://doi-
org.dax.lib.unf.edu/10.1002/eat.23043

Kilpela, L. S., Calogero, R., Wilfred, S. A., Verzijl, C. L., Hale, W. J., & Becker, C. B.
(2019). Self-objectification and eating disorder pathology in an ethnically diverse sample of adult
women: cross-sectional and short-term longitudinal associations. Journal of Eating Disorders, 7(1),
1–10. https://doi-org.dax.lib.unf.edu/10.1186/s40337-019-0273-z

Levinson, J. A., Sarda, V., Sonneville, K., Calzo, J. P., Ambwani, S., & Austin, S. B.
(2020). Diet Pill and Laxative Use for Weight Control and Subsequent Incident Eating Disorder in
US Young Women: 2001–2016. American Journal of Public Health, 110(1), 109–111.

Lonergan, A. R., Bussey, K., Fardouly, J., Griffiths, S., Murray, S. B., Hay, P., Mond, J.,
Trompeter, N., & Mitchison, D. (2020). Protect me from my selfie: Examining the association
between photo‐based social media behaviors and self‐reported eating disorders in adolescence.
International Journal of Eating Disorders, 53(5), 485–496. https://doi-
org.dax.lib.unf.edu/10.1002/eat.23256
 Why disordered eating behaviors are rising in western civilizations and ways to identify them 14

Appendix

# variable name question from answer categories Variable type

survey
1 StartDate Start Date 7/15/2020 date
2 EndDate End Date 7/15/2020 date
3 Status Response Type IP address text message
4 IPAddress IP Address text message
5 Progress Progress 100 numeric
6 Duration (in seconds) Duration (in 54-160 numeric
seconds)
7 Finished Finished TRUE text message
8 RecordedDate Recorded Date 7/15/2020 date
9 ResponseId Response ID
10 RecipientLastName Recipient Last anonymous text message
Name
11 RecipientFirstName Recipient First anonymous text message
Name
12 RecipientEmail Recipient Email n/a
13 ExternalReference External Data
Reference
14 LocationLatitude Location Latitude 25.815 numeric
15 LocationLongitude Location Longitude -82.023 numeric
16 DistributionChannel Distribution anonymous text message
Channel
17 UserLanguage User Language EN text message
18 Q2 I am 18 years old yes text message
and I have a social
media account:
19 Q1 Do you own a yes text message
platform on any
social media?
(instagram,
snapchat, facebook,
twitter, etc...)
20 Q2 How many hours a 1-6 hours numeric
day do you spend
on social media?
21 Q3 how often to you About half the time
think about your Always
eating habits on a how often to you
daily basis? think about your
eating habits on a
daily basis?
 Why disordered eating behaviors are rising in western civilizations and ways to identify them 15

Most of the time

never
Sometimes
22 Q4 Have you ever maybe, no, yes text message
restricted eating
after seeing photos
of others on social
media?
23 Q5 Has anyone ever yes, no text message
commented on your
physical
appearance on a
social media
platform?
24 Q6 Have you ever never, sometimes, text message
skipped a meal out yes
of fear of weight
gain or concern for
your physical
appearance?
25 Q7 Do you currently or no, yes text message
have you ever
attended a
university or
community college?
26 Q8 Has social media def not/yes text message
ever made you feel probably not/yes
like you do not fit
into a physical
standard of beauty?
27 Q9 how much time do a little/ a lot/ text message
you spend editing sometimes
photos/content of
yourself before
posting?
28 Q10 Do you think your probably yes/ text message
eating habits have probably no
been negatively
influenced by your
presence on social
media?
Why disordered eating behaviors are rising in western civilizations and ways to identify them 16

This is the study’s survey link:

https://unf.co1.qualtrics.com/jfe/preview/SV_d6kBuBMI7DRSm4l?Q_SurveyVersionID=current&
Q_CHL=preview
Human subjects
The title of this study is finding the correlation between the duration of time spent on social

media and the rise in disordered eating behaviors amongst college aged women. This is a cross-

sectional survey that will be electronically exported to women in universities between the ages of

18 and 25. The study data will be collected anonymously through an excel spreadsheet and will be

stored as a published PDF in an online file.

The study population will be focused on college aged women no younger than 18 and no

older than 25. The size of the population should be between 20-200 participants. Women between

18 and 25, of all ethnicities, races and religions will be included. Those who will not electronically

receive the survey are males, anyone older than 25 or younger than 18, or those with no social

media or not in college. This is in order to eliminate as many variables as possible and see if social

media solely a large influence on risks of eating behaviors has which is statistically more common

among young adult women.

Women younger than 18 will not be allowed to participant in order to maintain their

privacy as minors and to avoid any risk of being exposed to or developing eating disorder

behaviors.

The researchers plan on sending out the survey randomly to female populations in

university. No ethnicity will be excluded, and the hope is that there will be enough surveys sent
Why disordered eating behaviors are rising in western civilizations and ways to identify them 17

randomly so that it will be somewhat evenly distributed in order to be representative of the female

college population.

The whole procedure is a randomized, electronic survey sent to individual women in

college. The data collected will keep the personal information of the participants will remain

anonymous other than age, race, ethnicity, education level, if they own social media and the

responses from the survey questions. The only risk is that some questions may be personal and

make the participant feel uncomfortable. This is a voluntary survey with no monetary

compensation nor will there be negative repercussions if they chose to participate or not. Their

identity will completely be protected by the anonymity of the test. There will be no physical

contact with the participant, there will be no legal risks or risks to confidentially or privacy.

The only foreseeable benefits from participating in this study for the participants will

consist of helping advance and add to the new and necessary information needed to prove if there

is a higher risk of developing eating disorders associated with extended use on social media, in

which case we would be able to use that information to create a safer online environment for

women. The information the participants provide will lead to a potentially safer future. There will

be no monetary benefits.

Proposed Enrollment Table

Ethnic Categories

Not Hispanic or
Hispanic or Latino Total
Latino

Racial
Male Female Male Female
Categories
Why disordered eating behaviors are rising in western civilizations and ways to identify them 18

American n/a 20 n/a 20 40

Indian/Alaskan

Native

Asian 20 20 40

Native 20 20 40

Hawaiian or

other Pacific

Islander

African 20 20 40

American/Black

White 20 20 40

More 20 20 40

than one race

Total 120 120 240

Why disordered eating behaviors are rising in western civilizations and ways to identify them 19

Informed Consent Form

to Participate in Research, and

Authorization

to Collect, Use, and Disclose Protected Health Information (PHI)

Title of this study:

Researchers:

You are being asked to participate in a research study.

Before you agree to take part in this study, Larissa Lee

or his/her representative will tell you:

• Why the study is being done and what will happen to you if you take part in the study:

This study is being done to measure the correlation between duration of time spent on

social media and the rise or fall of disordered eating behaviors among college-aged women.

You will be asked to answer honestly ten questions from a survey. Your responses will be

anonymous and there will be no negative repercussion if you chose not to participate.

• How long you will be in the study: you will be in the study for the time it takes for you to

answer the questions

Why disordered eating behaviors are rising in western civilizations and ways to identify them 20

• How many people will be in the study: There will be between 20 and 100 people in this

study

• The possible foreseeable risks, discomforts, and benefits of this research: it is possible

some questions may make you feel uncomfortable which you will not be required to

answer if you so choose. Otherwise, there are little to no discomforts or risks in being a part

of the study.

• Alternatives to being in the study: there are no alternatives to being in the study

• How your study records will be maintained and who will have access: the study records

will be maintained on an internet PDF file published and everyone will have access to it.

• If it will cost you anything to take part in this study: there are no expenses needed to take

part in this study

• When or if you may be told about new findings which may affect your willingness to keep

taking part in this study: after enough data is collected you will receive the results directly.

You will have to chose whether you want to keep participating after having received the

survey and read through it.

If you agree to participate in this study, you will be given a signed copy of this document.
Why disordered eating behaviors are rising in western civilizations and ways to identify them 21

You may contact Larissa Lee at (888) 888-8888 at any time if you have questions about the

research or if you think that you have been hurt by the research.

You may contact the Institutional Review Board at the University of Mid-Florida Health

Science Center at (999) 999-9999 if you have questions about your rights as a research subject or

what to do if you are injured.

You may choose not to be in this study or you may quit being in the study at any time and

there will be no penalty and no loss of any benefits you are entitled to.

If you agree to participate in this study, Larissa lee will create, collect, and use private

information about you and your health. This information is called protected health information or

PHI. In order to do this, the Principal Investigator needs your authorization.

More specifically, the following information may be collected, used, and shared with

others:

• Age

• Gender

• Education level

• Response answers

• Length it took to answer survey

This information will be stored in locked filing cabinets or in secure computer servers with

security passwords.
Why disordered eating behaviors are rising in western civilizations and ways to identify them 22

Your PHI may be collected, used, and shared with others for the following study-related

purpose(s):

• To determine the correlation between social media and disordered eating behaviors

Once this information is collected, it becomes part of the research record for this study.

Only certain people have the legal right to collect, use and share your research records, and

they will protect the privacy and security of these records to the extent the law allows. These

people include:

• the study Principal Investigator, and research staff associated with this project.

• other professionals at the University that provide study-related treatment or procedures

• University of Mid-Florida Institutional Review Board (IRB; an IRB is a group of people

who are responsible for looking after the rights and welfare of people taking part in

research).

Your PHI may be shared with:

• Sponsor

• United States and foreign governmental agencies who are responsible for overseeing

research, such as the Food and Drug Administration, the Department of Health and Human

Services, and the Office of Human Research Protections

• Government agencies who are responsible for overseeing public health concerns such as

the Centers for Disease Control and federal, state and local health departments
Why disordered eating behaviors are rising in western civilizations and ways to identify them 23

Otherwise, your research records will not be released without your permission unless

required by law or a court order. It is possible that once this information is shared with authorized

persons, it could be shared by the persons or agencies who receive it and it would no longer be

protected by the federal medical privacy law.

Your PHI will be used and shared with others until the end of the study (or

alternative).

Once this research study is completed, any information that could identify you might be

removed from any identifiable private information or identifiable biospecimens collected and that,

after such removal, the information or biospecimens could be used for future research studies or

distributed to another investigator for future research studies without additional informed consent

from you or your legally authorized representative.

You are not required to sign this consent and authorization to allow researchers to collect,

use and share your PHI. Your refusal to sign will not affect your treatment, payment, enrollment, or

eligibility for any benefits outside this research study. However, you cannot participate in this

research unless you sign this consent and authorization.

You have the right to review and copy your protected health information. However, we can

make this available only after the study is finished.

You can revoke your authorization at any time before, during, or after your participation in

this study. If you revoke it, no new information will be collected about you, but information that

was already collected may still be used and shared with others if the researchers have relied on it to
Why disordered eating behaviors are rising in western civilizations and ways to identify them 24

complete the research. You can revoke your authorization by giving a written request with your

signature on it to the Principal Investigator.

Signing this document means that the research study, including the above information, has

been described to you orally and/or that you have read this document, and you voluntarily agree to

take part.

________________________________ ______________

Signature of Person Obtaining Consent Date

________________________________ ______________

Consent and Authorization of Patient Date

Why disordered eating behaviors are rising in western civilizations and ways to identify them 25

Budget

Personnel Salary Benefits % time Total

Larissa lee 10,000 5,000 Full time 15,000

Dr. xxx 10,000 5,000 Full time 15,000

Dr. xxx 10.000 5,000 Part time 15,000

Dr.xxx 10,000 5,000 Part time 15,000

Other Expenses -------

Equipment and Supplies 100

Communications -------

Travel 2000

Other costs F&a 29,808

Total Direct Costs 42100

Tmeline

Activity Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb March April May June July Aug

hypothesis x X

Gathering research x x X

Evaluation of past information x X

Development of test x X

Gathering subjects X

Going on with procedure x X X

Collecting data x X

Analyzing data x x X

Organizing and submitting data x