Professional Documents
Culture Documents
TSTPRA2
Year Module
Open Rubric
CONTENTS
Page
1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 3
2 PURPOSE OF AND OUTCOMES FOR THE MODULE............................................................... 3
2.1 Purpose ........................................................................................................................................ 3
2.2 Outcomes ..................................................................................................................................... 3
2.3 ECSA Graduate attributes............................................................................................................. 4
3 LECTURER(S) AND CONTACT DETAILS................................................................................... 4
3.1 Lecturer(s) .................................................................................................................................... 4
3.2 Department ................................................................................................................................... 4
3.3 University ...................................................................................................................................... 5
4 RESOURCES ............................................................................................................................... 5
4.1 Prescribed books .......................................................................................................................... 5
4.2 Recommended books ................................................................................................................... 5
4.3 Electronic Reserves (e-Reserves)................................................................................................. 5
4.4 Library services and resources information ................................................................................... 5
5 STUDENT SUPPORT SERVICES ................................................................................................ 6
6 MODULE-SPECIFIC STUDY PLAN ............................................................................................. 6
7 PRACTICAL WORK ..................................................................................................................... 6
7.1 Venue Options ............................................................................................................................... 6
7.2 OPTION 1: UNISA FLORIDA CAMPUS ......................................................................................... 7
7.3 OPTION 2 - ALTERNATIVE INSTITUTION / LABORATORY ........................................................ 7
8 ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................................................. 8
8.1 Assessment criteria....................................................................................................................... 8
8.2 Assessment plan .......................................................................................................................... 8
8.3 Assignment numbers .................................................................................................................... 8
8.3.1 General assignment numbers ....................................................................................................... 8
8.3.2 Unique assignment numbers ........................................................................................................ 8
8.4 Assignment due dates .................................................................................................................. 9
8.5 Submission of assignments .......................................................................................................... 9
8.6 The Assignments ........................................................................................................................ 11
8.7 OTHER ASSESSMENT METHODS ........................................................................................... 11
8.8 The examination ......................................................................................................................... 11
9 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ........................................................................................ 11
10 SOURCES CONSULTED ........................................................................................................... 12
11 CONCLUSIONS ......................................................................................................................... 12
12 ADDENDUMS ............................................................................................................................ 12
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TSTPRA2/101/0/2020
Dear Student
As part of this tutorial letter, we wish to inform you that Unisa has implemented a transformation
charter based on five pillars and eight dimensions. In response to this charter, we have also
placed curriculum transformation high on the agenda. For your information, curriculum
transformation includes the following pillars: student-centred scholarship, the pedagogical
renewal of teaching and assessment practices, the scholarship of teaching and learning, and
the infusion of African epistemologies and philosophies. These pillars and their principles will be
integrated at both the programme and module levels, as a phased-in approach. You will notice
the implementation thereof in your modules, and we encourage you to fully embrace these
changes during your studies at Unisa.
1 INTRODUCTION
Welcome to the subject Theory of Structures II (Practical) (TSTPRA2) at UNISA. This tutorial
letter serves as a guideline to this course. It provides you with general administrative
information as well as specific information about the subject. Read it carefully and keep it safe
for future reference. We trust that you will enjoy this practical.
2.1 Purpose
This module is compulsory and core for the National Diploma in Civil Engineering. The
purpose of this module is to enable students apply the theory learnt in Theory of Structures II to
the practical environment and be able to compare theoretical results to practical results.
2.2 Outcomes
At the end of the practical session, the students should be able to perform the following
experiments:
• SHEAR FORCE: AIMS
1. To show that the experimental shear force at a section of a beam is equal to the
calculated shear force at the same section.
2. To show that the shear force at a section of a beam is equal to the algebraic sum of the
vertical forces to the one side of the section.
3
• BENDING MOMENT: AIMS
1. To show that the experimental bending moment at a section of a beam is equal to the
calculated bending moment at the same section.
2. To show that the bending moment at a section of a beam is equal to the algebraic sum of
the moment to one side of that section.
3.1 Lecturer(s)
Your subject lecturer is: Prof.BD Ikotun, should you face any difficulty in regard to the subject
content, please do not hesitate to contact her at the details provided below.
3.2 Department
If you have trouble contacting the lecturer directly, please contact the Department:
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TSTPRA2/101/0/2020
You will have received a document named “my Studies @ Unisa” during registration.
This document contains all the important telephone numbers that you might need this
year. Consult this document for the appropriate contact numbers. Please do NOT call
the lecturer for services supplied by the support departments.
3.3 University
http://www.unisa.ac.za
4 RESOURCES
There is no prescribed book for this practical session. However, you may consult the
following prescribed book for the theoretical part when necessary.
Strength of materials for technicians, fourth edition 2011 J.G Drotsky, ISBN 9781775782421
Published by the Butterworth Group South Africa
For contact details of official booksellers, please consult the list of official booksellers
and their addresses in my Studies @ Unisa. If you have any difficulties with obtaining
books from these bookshops, please contact vospresc@unisa.ac.za.
N/A
E-reserves can be downloaded from the library catalogue. More information is available at:
http://libguides.unisa.ac.za/request/request
5
Recommended guides:
Use your my Studies @ Unisa brochure for general time management and planning skills.
7 PRACTICAL WORK
Students must please note that they must arrange their own transport, accommodation and
meals during their laboratory sessions.
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Ensure that you have the correct contact number in Annexure D for you to be contacted if
need be, and that you register on myUnisa in order to receive communications from UNISA.
Note that UNISA will rarely communicate to you by calls or sms. The primary means of
communication will be via announcements and your UNISA e-mail address.
Should the learner choose Option 2, the following documents MUST be submitted to the
relevant institution for their perusal and action:
• Annexure A “Practical Guide and Experiments”
• Annexure D “Registration Form for Practicum – Assignment 1”
Learners must complete the personal information section and provide the name of the institution
where they intend to do the practicum, as well as the contact name and telephone number of
the responsible laboratory staff member.
It is the sole responsibility of the learner to verify that the alternative institution has sufficient
facilities to carry out the practicum and to comply with the UNISA practicum requirements.
Approval of an alternative institution is given on condition that no cost implications to UNISA are
applicable.
7
8 ASSESSMENT
Assessment preparation
Students are informed of the assessment content, activities and requirement through Tutorial
Letter 101. An internal moderator provides comments on Tutorial letter 101 before it is finalised.
All assessment procedures, requirements and instructions are provided in Tutorial Letter 101.
Students with special needs as well as students who need clarification should contact the
lecturer.
Assignment 2 540196
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Note: The cut –off dates given here are the official, last dates on which a given assignment may
be submitted. Students must adhere to these dates only. All other dates referring to cut-off
submission dates for assignments, as may be posted on myUnisa or elsewhere, refers to
administrative dates as managed by the Assignments Department and does NOT influence or
change the above dates.
Website
Please note that the department has a web site where additional information on the department
and the modules are available.
http://www.unisa.ac.za/sites/corporate/default/Colleges/Science,-Engineering-&-
Technology/Schools,-departments-&-centre/School-of-Engineering/Department-of-Civil-
and-Chemical-Engineering
Tutorial Letters are available from the myUnisa website. (See my Studies @ Unisa)
Should you encounter any problems in submitting an assignment on myUnisa, you may
contact the help line at myUnisaHelp@unisa.ac.za
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Plagiarism
An assignment is designed to be a product of your own study and your own thought. It is not
intended to be a piece of work which merely reproduces details, information or ideas from a
study guide, from books or articles, or from the Internet.
If you do this, you commit plagiarism. Plagiarism is the act of copying word for word with or
without acknowledgment from study sources (e.g. books, articles, the Internet). In other words,
you must submit your own ideas in your own words, sometimes interspersing relevant short
quotations that are properly referenced.
Yes, simply copying a few pages from the prescribed book is plagiarism. Pasting paragraphs
from Wikipedia into your assignment is plagiarism. And it does not stop being plagiarism if you
mention the source.
Skilled scientific writers can use direct block quotations to make a specific point. They know
what they are doing. You still need to develop your own voice, your own style of arguing the
point. Do not plagiarise.
Note that you also commit plagiarism if you copy the assignment of another student. We do
encourage you to work together and form study groups, but you are expected to prepare and
submit your own assignments.
When we receive two or more identical assignments, we are not able to work out who copied
from whom. We will therefore penalize both students.
If you commit plagiarism you will be penalized and given no marks for your assignment.
This will have a serious effect on your chances to succeed in your studies because you
will have no semester mark.
A Signed Declaration
Every essay-type assignment we receive must include the following declaration along with your
name and the date:
“I declare that this assignment is my own work and that all sources quoted have been
acknowledged by appropriate references”.
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Assignment 1
Assignment 2
Important information
The my Studies @ Unisa brochure contains an A-Z guide of the most relevant study
information.
11
10 SOURCES CONSULTED
N/A
11 CONCLUSIONS
12 ADDENDUMS
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TSTPRA2/101/0/2020
ANNEXURE A
OBJECTIVE:
1. To show that the experimental shear force at a section of a beam is equal to the
calculated shear force at the same section.
2. To show that the experimental bending moment at a section of a beam is equal to the
calculated bending moment at the same section.
3. To show that the shear force at a section of a beam is equal to the algebraic sum of
the forces to one side of that section.
4. To show that the bending moment at a section of a beam is equal to the algebraic
sum of the moment to one side of that section.
THEORY:
Beams can fail both in shear and bending. The shear force and the bending moment values at a
section on a beam indicate the limit at which the beam can withstand shear and bending at that
section. The shear force at a section of a beam is equal to the algebraic sum of the forces to
one side of that section. The bending moment at a section of a beam is equal to the algebraic
sum of the moment to one side of that section.
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APPARATUS:
Figure 1a: Beam in structures frame. 1b: Hanger loaded with masses
1. Place an assembled test frame on a workbench. Make sure the window of the test frame
is easily accessible.
2. There are four securing nuts in the top member of the frame. Slide them to approximately
the positions shown.
3. With the right-hand end of the experiment resting on the bottom member of the test
frame, fit the left-hand support to the top member of the frame. Push the support on to
the frame to ensure the internal bars are sitting on the frame squarely. Tighten the
support in position by screwing two of the thumbscrews provided into the securing nuts
(on the front of the support only).
4. Lift the right-hand support into position and locate the two remaining thumbscrews into
the securing nuts. Push the support on to the frame squarely. Position the support
horizontally so the rolling pivot is in the middle of its travel. Tighten the thumbscrews.
5. Make sure the Digital Force Display is on. Connect the mini DIN lead from ‘Force Input 1”
on the Digital Force Display to the socket marked “Force Output Display on the left-hand
support of the experiment. Ensure the lead does not touch the beam.
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6. Carefully zero the force meter using the dial on the left-hand beam of the experiment.
Gently apply a small load with the finger to the center of the beam and release. Zero the
meter again if necessary. Repeat to ensure that meter returns to zero.
W
Cut
a = 260
mm
l
The equation we will use to calculate the shear force at the cut is:
Procedure
1. Check that the digital force display meter reads zero with no load.
2. Place a hanger with a 100 g mass at the position shown in Figure 2a. Record the
digital force display reading as the Experimental shear force in Table 1.
3. Repeat using masses of 200 g, 300 g, 400 g, and 500 g.
4. Convert the masses into load (N).
5. Calculate the theoretical shear force at the cut and complete the Table.
15
Table 1. Result for experiment for shear force
100
200
300
400
500
Plot a graph of experimental shear force against theoretical shear force and comment on the
shape of the graph.
Conclusion
What does it tell us about how shear force varies due to an increased load?
Conclude based on your observation
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Cut
a=300 mm
The equation we will use to calculate the bending moment at the cut is:
Procedure
1. Check that the digital force display meter reads zero with no load.
2. Place a hanger with a 100 g mass at the cut as shown in Figure 2b. Record the digital
force display reading in a Table 2.
3. Repeat using masses of 200 g, 300 g, 400 g, and 500 g.
4. Convert the masses into load (N)
5. Convert the force reading into bending moment (Nm)
6. Calculate the theoretical bending moment at the cut and complete the table.
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Table 2 Result for experiment for bending moment
100
200
300
400
500
Conclusion
What does it tell us about how bending moment varies due to an increased load?
Conclude based on your observation
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In this experiment, students load the beam away from the cut position of the beam as shown in
the Figures below.
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Procedure
5. Calculate the theoretical shear force at the cut and complete the Table.
3a 4.91 3.92
4a 3.92
5a 1.96 3.92
Draw the shear force diagrams for the experiments (Figure 3a, 4a and 5a).
For each of the diagram, use the full span of the beam and not the cut position.
However, when populating the Table use the shear force and bending moments at the
cut.
Conclusion
Comment on how the results of the experiments compare with those calculated
Theoretically and state the reasons for any errors. Conclude based on your observation.
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In this experiment, students load the beam away from the cut position of the beam as shown in
the Figures below.
21
Procedure
3b 4.91 3.92
4b 3.92
5b 1.96 3.92
Draw the bending moment diagrams for the experiments (Figure 3b, 4b and 5b).
For each of the diagram, use the full span of the beam and not the cut position.
However, when populating the Table use the shear force and bending moments at the
cut.
Conclusion
Comment on how the results of the experiments compare with those calculated
Theoretically and state the reasons for any errors. Conclude based on your observation.
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ANNEXURE B
PREAMBLE
Co-operative education is an educational approach that integrates practical sessions into the
educational programme in order to ensure applied competence of graduates. Practical
sessions, whatever form they take, are an equally important component to the formal learning
components of the programme. No tuition provider can provide co-operative education on its
own. A collaborative effort between UNISA (as tuition provider); employers or community
settings (practical session providers) and learners (the learner) is necessary in order to
succeed.
UNISA will provide guidelines in order to provide for a high level of learning at the institution
where the learner undergoes practical sessions. The practical sessions form part of the overall
educational programme and offer an opportunity for learners to verify, in a practical way, what
they have learned and serve as “fertile ground for sowing the seed” for learning that will follow.
The objective of this code is to publicly state what conduct is expected from UNISA learners
during periods of practical sessions.
RIGHTS OF LEARNERS
Learners, like any member of a community, have both rights and obligations, for example:
• A right to equal education, that does not discriminate among learners on the basis of race,
sex, colour, disability, religion or national origin. However, because
• Practical sessions take place at another institution, UNISA cannot be held accountable.
• A right to be informed of UNISA policies and academic programme requirements.
• A right to privacy of personal matters and possessions.
• A right to freedom of expression, within the parameters of the law.
• A right to fair disciplinary procedures, which includes the right to know what they are
accused of and the right to respond with their side of the situation.
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OBLIGATIONS OF UNISA LEARNERS
An obligation is a responsibility, which among others, ensures that the rights of others are
protected. The following obligations are not an exhaustive list, but serve as code of conduct of
what is expected from UNISA learners with regard to periods of practical sessions.
1. Registration
It is mandatory for every learner who registers with UNISA to familiarise herself/himself about
the practical session's components of the programme registered for and to comply with the
procedures and requirements of UNISA in this regard.
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7. Confidentiality
Learners will respect the information of their practical session providers and will not disclose nor
permit or entitle any unauthorised person to have access to the guideline documents of the
institution in their possession or care. If need be, special arrangements may be made between
UNISA and a practical session provider to formally protect confidential or sensitive information.
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ANNEXURE C
Each signatory hereof (be it the student, the parent/guardian and/or spouse) jointly and
collectively exempts, expressly release, acquit and forever discharge UNISA and all of their
members, functionaries, officials, employees, agents, successors and voluntary workers from all
liabilities, from any and all claims for injuries (including death), loss or damages irrespective of
whether such liability, injury, loss or damage arises as result of negligence on the part of any of
the mentioned parties.
Each signatory hereof expressly agrees to hold harmless, fully indemnify and exempts UNISA
and all persons herein from all claims lodged by whomsoever or whatever nature and however
resulting while the student is undergoing practical sessions.
(Signed in her/his own capacity and/or as guardian of the applicant, as may be required by law)
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STUDENT NO :………………….........................................
CELL :…..…………………………………………..
E-MAIL :………......................................................
COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING TO INFORM US AS TO WHERE YOU WILL BE DOING THE PRACTICAL
OPTION 2:
SUBJECT NAME & INSTITUTION CONTACT PERSON & TEL NUMBER FOR
CODE INSTITUTION FOR OPTION 2
Concrete Signature of
Technology IV contact
(CNTPRA4) person
……………
I confirm that I have discussed all aspects of the practical session with the responsible person
from ………………………….(name of institution) and that UNISA will in no way be liable for any
costs with respect to this practical session.
_______________________ ____________
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Presentation of your report
Your report should be neatly typed in a 12-point font size and one and a half spacing.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Detailed table of content with page numbers
GENERAL INTRODUCTION
Give a brief introduction about what the report is all about.
APPARATUS
List the apparatus used for the experiments.
CONCLUSION
Conclude by given the summary of your observations and comment on how the results of the
experiments compare with those calculated theoretically.
NOTE: The following table indicates how your report will be marked. The entire report will
be marked out of 100.
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STUDENT NUMBER :
1 TITLE PAGE 2
2 TABLE OF CONTENT 4
TITLE PAGE
GENERAL INTRODUCTION
3 (THEORY)
4
18
4 AIM AND OBJECTIVES 4
5 APPARATUS 4
1 PROCEDURE FOLLOWED 4
EXPERIMENT 1A
RESULTS (COMPLETED
2 TABLE)
5
20
3 CALCULATIONS 5
4 GRAPH 3
5 CONCLUSION 3
1 PROCEDURE FOLLOWED 4
EXPERIMENT 1B
RESULTS (COMPLETED
2 TABLE) 5
CALCULATIONS 20
3 5
4 GRAPH 3
5 CONCLUSION 3
1 PROCEDURE FOLLOWED 2
EXPERIMENT 2A
RESULTS (COMPLETED
2 TABLE) 6
CALCULATIONS 21
3 4
4 DIAGRAMS 6
5 CONCLUSION 3
1 PROCEDURE FOLLOWED 2
EXPERIMENT 2B
RESULTS (COMPLETED
2 TABLE) 6
CALCULATIONS 21
3 4
4 DIAGRAMS 6
5 CONCLUSION 3
TOTAL 100
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