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TST2601/101/0/2020
Dear Student
As part of this tutorial letter, we wish to inform you that Unisa has implemented a transformation
charter based on five pillars and eight dimensions. In response to this charter, we have also
placed curriculum transformation high on the agenda. For your information, curriculum
transformation includes the following pillars: student-centred scholarship, the pedagogical
renewal of teaching and assessment practices, the scholarship of teaching and learning, and
the infusion of African epistemologies and philosophies. These pillars and their principles will be
integrated at both the programme and module levels, as a phased-in approach. You will notice
the implementation thereof in your modules, and we encourage you to fully embrace these
changes during your studies at Unisa.
A tutorial letter is our way of communicating with you about teaching, learning and assessment.
In this tutorial letter, you will find the assignment questions, information on assessment criteria
and student support services, as well as instructions for the preparation and submission of your
assignments. The tutorial letter also provides all the information you need about the prescribed
study material, other course-related resources and how to obtain them. Please study all the
information carefully and make sure that you obtain the prescribed material (prescribed book)
as soon as possible! This tutorial letter also includes certain general and administrative
information about this module.
Some of this study material may not be available when you register. Study material that is not
available when you register will be posted to you as soon as possible, but is also available on
myUnisa.
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2. PURPOSE AND OUTCOMES
2.1 Purpose
This module is compulsory and core for the National Diploma in Civil Engineering. The
purpose of this module is to enable students to develop competencies and skills in solving
problems in materials stress and strain, analysis of stresses, structural sectional properties,
analysis of determinate and indeterminate beams using different methods, statically determinate
pin-jointed frames.
2.2 Outcomes
Specific outcome 1: Apply knowledge of mathematics, physical science and engineering
fundamentals to identify and solve problems through accurate calculations and measurements
of basic SI units and dimensions as used in engineering.
Range:
• Conversion of basic SI units to include derived SI units and the use of formulas
containing force, stress, strain, centroid, moment, deflection and slope.
• Parameters such as force, moment, distance, slope and deflection are also
included.
Assessment Criteria:
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TST2601/101/0/2020
Specific outcome 2: The student must be able understand simple stress and strain.
Range:
• Determine the stresses and strains in bars that are connected in series and/or
parallel, which are subjected to axial loads and/or changes in temperature.
Assessment Criteria:
Specific Outcome 3: The student must be able to understand the second moment area of a
structural section.
Range:
• Explain what the second moment area of a section and the neutral axis of a section
is.
• Determine the second moment of area about the horizontal and vertical axes
passing through the centroid of the section.
Assessment Criteria:
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• Comprehension of terminology relating to position of centroid of a given structural
section, properties of a given structural section, second moment area of a section
and section modulus of the cross-section of a beam.
• Define shear force and bending moment and obtain these values at any given point
on a beam.
• Explain the relationship between load, shear force and bending moment.
• Plot the shear force and bending moment diagrams for statically determinate
beams.
• Determine the maximum shear force and bending moment for a statically
determinate beam.
Assessment Criteria:
• Correctly solve problems relating to shear force and bending moment of a given
beam.
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TST2601/101/0/2020
Specific Outcome 5: The student must be able to understand slope and deflection of beams.
Range:
• Derive and apply a differential equation that can be used for the calculation of the
slope and deflection at any section on a straight beam.
• Use Macaulay’s method to determine the slope and deflection at any given point on
a beam which is statically determinate, statically indeterminate to the first degree or
built in at both ends.
Assessment Criteria:
• Apply conditions of static equilibrium to obtain the force and/or moment at the
support(s) of any statically determinate body subjected to various types of loads.
• Apply the methods of joint, section, graphical and tension coefficient to determine
the internal forces in a three-dimensional, statically determinate, pin-jointed
structure.
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Assessment Criteria:
Specific Outcome 7: The student must be able to understand the transformation of stresses.
Range:
• Determine from first principles and/or with the aid of formulae the direct and shear
stresses, the orientation and magnitude of the principal stresses and maximum
shear stress at any point in a material in a plane stress condition.
• Construct Mohr’s circle to determine graphically the direct and shear stresses, the
orientation and magnitude of the principal stresses and maximum shear stress at
any point in a material in a plane stress condition.
Assessment Criteria:
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TST2601/101/0/2020
3.2 Department
Department of Civil and Chemical Engineering
Unisa, Science Campus
Private Bag x 6
Florida
1710
Contacts: 011 471 2048/3132/2697
General email address: civil&chemical@unisa.ac.za
3.3 University
http://www.unisa.ac.za
4. RESOURCES
4.1 Prescribed books
Strength of materials for technicians, Fourth edition 2011
J.G Drotsky, ISBN 9781775782421
Published by the Butterworth Group South Africa
Relevant chapters from the prescribed book are highlighted below:
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Chapter 2 Simple stress and strain
Recommended guides:
• request and find library material/download recommended material:
http://libguides.unisa.ac.za/request/request
• postgraduate information services:
http://libguides.unisa.ac.za/request/postgrad
• finding and using library resources and tools:
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TST2601/101/0/2020
http://libguides.unisa.ac.za/Research_skills
• Frequently asked questions about the Library: http://libguides.unisa.ac.za/ask
• Services to students living with disabilities:
http://libguides.unisa.ac.za/disability
Important contact information:
• https://libguides.unisa.ac.za/ask - Ask a Librarian
• Lib-help@unisa.ac.za - technical problems accessing library online services
• Library-enquiries@unisa.ac.za - general library related queries
• Library-fines@unisa.ac.za - for queries related to library fines and payments
6. STUDY PLAN
Use your myStudies@Unisa brochure for general time management and planning skills. The
study guide is divided into the following chapters.
Chapters TOPIC
Chapter 1 Stresses and strains
Chapter 2 Sectional properties
Chapter 3 Simple beams
Chapter 4 Theory of elastic bending
Chapter 5 Mathematical method of analysis
Chapter 6 Statically determinate pin-jointed frames
Chapter 7 Analysis of stresses
7. PRACTICAL WORK
There is a practical component (TSTPRA2) for this module.
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8. ASSESSMENT
8.1 Assessment criteria
There will be formative and summative assessment. Formative assessment will be the three
assignments for the year and summative assessment will be the examinations.
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TST2601/101/0/2020
• By post.
OR
• Electronically through myUNISA.
Note: The cut –off dates given here are the official, last dates on which a given assignment may
be submitted. Students must adhere to these dates only. All other dates referring to cut-off
submission dates for assignments, as may be posted on myUnisa or elsewhere, refers to
administrative dates as managed by the Assignments Department and does NOT influence or
change the above dates.
Website
Please note that the department has a web site where additional information on the department
and the modules are available.
The address is:
http://www.unisa.ac.za/sites/corporate/default/Colleges/Science,-Engineering-&-
Technology/Schools,-departments-&-centre/School-of-Engineering/Department-of-Civil-and-
Chemical-Engineering
Tutorial Letters are available from the myUnisa website. (See my Studies @ Unisa)
Should you encounter any problems in submitting an assignment on myUnisa, you may contact
the help line at: myUnisaHelp@unisa.ac.za
Plagiarism
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An assignment is designed to be a product of your own study and your own thought. It is not
intended to be a piece of work which merely reproduces details, information or ideas from a
study guide, from books or articles, or from the Internet.
If you do this, you commit plagiarism. Plagiarism is the act of copying word for word with or
without acknowledgment from study sources (e.g. books, articles, the Internet). In other words,
you must submit your own ideas in your own words, sometimes interspersing relevant short
quotations that are properly referenced.
Yes, simply copying a few pages from the prescribed book is plagiarism. Pasting paragraphs
from Wikipedia into your assignment is plagiarism. And it does not stop being plagiarism if you
mention the source.
Skilled scientific writers can use direct block quotations to make a specific point. They know
what they are doing. You still need to develop your own voice, your own style of arguing the
point. Do not plagiarise.
Note that you also commit plagiarism if you copy the assignment of another student. We do
encourage you to work together and form study groups, but you are expected to prepare and
submit your own assignments. When we receive two or more identical assignments, we are not
able to work out who copied from whom. We will therefore penalize both students.
If you commit plagiarism you will be penalized and given no marks for your assignment.
This will have a serious effect on your chances to succeed in your studies because you
will have no semester mark.
A Signed Declaration
Every essay-type assignment we receive must include the following declaration along with your
name and the date:
“I declare that this assignment is my own work and that all sources quoted have been
acknowledged by appropriate references”.
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TST2601/101/0/2020
ASSIGNMENT 1
DUE DATE 22nd May 2020
UNIQUE NUMBER 874664
STUDY MATERIAL Study guide
SUBMISSION PROCEDURE By post or Electronically by MyUnisa
NUMBER OF QUESTIONS 10
NOTE: IF YOU DO NOT SUBMIT THIS ASSIGNMENT YOU WILL NOT BE ALLOWED TO
WRITE EXAMS. ALL ASSIGNMENTS CONTRIBUTE TO THE YEAR MARK.
Q1. Which of the following expression rightly describe the stability of the pin jointed members
arrangement shown below? If m = number of members and j = number of joints.
1. m < 2j - 3
2. m = 2j - 3
3. m ≥ 2j - 3
4. m > 2j - 3
Q2. The stress acting perpendicular to the cross-section of the member is called:
1. Tangential stress
2. Normal stress
3. Longitudinal stress
4. None of the above
Q3. Which of the following statement is not true about a cantilever beam?
1. The slope at the support is zero.
2. The moment at the support is zero.
3. The deflection at the support is zero.
4. All of the above
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Q4. A uniform steel rod, 6 mm ø and 0.5 m long, is subjected to a tensile force of 3kN. Find the
stress in the bar.
1. 106 N/mm2
2. 160 kN/mm2
3. 106 N/m2
4. 106 kN/mm2
Q5. Which of the following statement is true about conditions of static equilibrium?
1. The sum of all the vertical forces in upward direction must be zero.
2. The sum of all the vertical forces in downward direction must be zero.
3. The sum of all the vertical forces in any direction must be zero.
4. All of the above
15 kN
20 kN/m
1m 4m 1m
P kN Q kN
Figure 1
Q6. P is
1. 39.2 kN
2. 25.8 kN
3. 50.0 kN
4. 52.5 kN
Q7. Q is
1. 55.8 kN
2. 69.2 kN
3. 42.5 kN
4. 40.0 kN
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Q8. The shear force value at x = 2 m from the left hand side of the beam is:
1. 17.5 kN
2. -42.5 kN
3. 4.2 kN
4. -9.2 kN
Q9. The loads and reactions on a simply supported beam are shown below, Using
Macaulay’s notation, which of the following moment equation is correct? All distances are in
metre (m). 5 kN
10 kN/m
2 1 4 3
x
VA VE
10( x − 3) 2 10( x − 7) 2
1. Mx = V A x − 5( x − 2) − +
2 2
10( x − 3) 2 10( x − 7) 2
2. Mx = V A x − 5( x − 2) − −
2 2
10( x − 3) 2 10( x − 7) 2
3. Mx = V A x + 5( x − 2) − +
2 2
10( x − 3) 10( x − 7) 2
2
4. Mx = V A x + 5( x − 2) − −
2 2
P kN
Q10
300
15 kN Q kN
P is
10 kN
1. -11.55
2. -20
3. -10
4. 10
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ASSIGNMENT 2
DUE DATE 19th June 2020
UNIQUE NUMBER 641408
STUDY MATERIAL Study guide chapter 1-4
SUBMISSION PROCEDURE By post or Electronically by MyUnisa
NUMBER OF QUESTIONS 5
NOTE: ALL ASSIGNMENTS CONTRIBUTE TO THE YEAR MARK. THEREFORE, ALL
ASSIGNMENTS ARE COMPULSORY.
QUESTION ONE
The results from a tensile test conducted on a specimen of mild steel are as shown in the Table
below. The specimen had a diameter of 20 mm and the original gauge length of 200 mm and
the least diameter at the waist was 9 mm.
(a) Complete the Table below.
(b) Draw the stress-strain diagram on the graph sheet.
(c) Determine the ultimate tensile stress
(d) Determine the breaking stress
[20 marks]
0 0
1850 0.02
5540 0.06
9250 0.10
14800 0.16
27800 0.30
40000 0.60
50000 2.00
62000 8.00
61500 24.00
58000 40.00
54000 Fracture
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QUESTION TWO
2.1 A bar of steel, having a rectangular cross-section 50 cm by 10 cm, carries an axial tensile
load of 500 kN. Estimate the decrease in the length of the sides of the cross-section if Young’s
modulus , E, is 200 GN/m2 and poisson’s ratio, v is 0.3. (15)
2.2 A composite rod member is subjected to an axial load (P) as shown below (Figure 1). If the
stress in the member AB is 500 MPa calculate:
(a) The magnitude of the force P.
(b) The stresses in the member BC and CD
(c) The total change in length of the composite rod.
(Let EST= 200 GPa)
Φ =60 mm
Φ = 40 mm Φ = 25 mm
B C D
A
150 mm 100 mm 150 mm
Figure 1 (15)
[30 marks]
QUESTION THREE
A built-up section is shown in Figure 2. Calculate the following with reference to XX and YY.
(a) The position of the centroid of the section
(b) The second moment of area about horizontal and vertical axis (Ixx and Iyy)
(c) The radius of gyration, rx
(d) The elastic section modulus.
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Y Φ = 200 mm
100 mm
200 mm
100 mm
X X
Figure 2
[25 marks]
QUESTION FOUR
The propped cantilever shown in Figure 3 below is subjected to uniformly distributed load, a
concentrated load and a couple.
(a) Calculate the reaction and the moment at the support.
(b) Calculate the shear force and bending moment values.
(c) Draw the shear force and bending moment diagrams.
(d) Find out the maximum shear force and the section at which it occurs.
(e) Find out the maximum bending moment and the section at which it occurs.
5 kN
10 kN/m 20 kNm
A
B C
10 kN D
E
3m 4m 1m 2m
ASSIGNMENT 3
DUE DATE 31st July 2020
UNIQUE NUMBER 520019
STUDY MATERIAL Study guide chapter 5-9
SUBMISSION PROCEDURE By post or Electronically by MyUnisa
NUMBER OF QUESTIONS 4
NOTE: ALL ASSIGNMENTS CONTRIBUTE TO THE YEAR MARK. THEREFORE, ALL
ASSIGNMENTS ARE COMPULSORY.
QUESTION ONE
The overhanging beam in Figure 1a has the T-shaped cross section shown in Figure 1b.
Determine the values and locations of the maximum tensile and compressive bending stresses.
20 kN
20 kN/m
450
E
A C D
5m 3m 4m 2m
Figure 1a
200 mm
20 mm
200 mm
20 mm
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QUESTION TWO
Using Macaulay’s method, calculate the deflection under the concentrated load and the slope at
C of a propped cantilever beam loaded as shown in the Figure 2 below in terms of EI.
80 kN 50 kN
30 kN/m
A 4m D
2m B 4m
C
QUESTION THREE
Use either method of joint or section to calculate the forces in all the members of the truss
shown in Figure 3 below.
150kN
B
50kN
3m
D 1m
A
C
3m 2m
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QUESTION FOUR
Use tension coefficient method to calculate the forces in all the members of the truss shown in
Figure 4.
20 kN 20kN
A
3m 3m
HB
C D
B
3m VB
HA E [25 marks]
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8.7 Other assessment methods
None
11. IN CLOSING
We wish you the best in your career, and we believe you will find this module very informative.
After all it is in your interest to make the best out of the contents of this module.
12. ADDENDUM
None
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