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If you have questions, do not hesitate to ask your teacher for assistance.
You may already have some or most of the knowledge and skills covered
in this module. If you can demonstrate competence to your teacher in a
particular skill, talk to your teacher so you do not have to undergo the same
training again. If you have a qualification or Certificate of Competency from
previous trainings, show it to him/her. If the skills you acquired are consistent
with and relevant to this module, they become part of the evidence. You can
present these for RPL. If you are not sure about your competence / skills,
discuss this with your teacher.
After completing this module ask your teacher to assess your competence.
Result of your assessment will be recorded in your competency profile. All the
learning activities are designed for you to complete at your own pace.
In this module, you will find the activities for you to complete and relevant
information sheets for each learning outcome. Each learning outcome may have
more than one learning activity.
i
Program/Course: BUILDING WIRING INSTALLATION NC II
INTRODUCTION:
This module consists of six (6) learning outcomes. Each learning outcome
contains learning activities supported by instruction sheets. Before you perform
the instruction sheets, read the information sheets and answer the self-check
and activities provided to ascertain to yourself and your teacher. He /she will
check if you have acquired the knowledge necessary to perform the skill portion
of the particular learning outcome.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
PREREQUISITE:
None
ii
TECHNICAL TERMS
iii
Program/Course: BUILDING WIRING INSTALLATION NC II
Assessment Criteria:
1. The principles and theories of electron are applied when dealing with
electrical works.
2. The atomic structure is illustrated.
References:
1
LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ACTIVITIES
2
INFORMATION SHEET 1.1
Molecular theory
The electron theory states that all matter is made up of electricity. Matter is
anything which has weight, occupies space is made up of molecules, of which
millions of different kinds. The molecules in turn, are made up of atoms of
which are the smallest units of the several elements and of a limited number.
All atoms believed to be composed of electrons, which are minute particle of
negative electricity normally held in place in each atom by positively charged
particles called nucleus. Thus, the electron, which are interlocked in the atoms,
are constantly revealing at great speeds in orbits around positive nuclei. In a
normal atom, the amount of negative electricity of the electrons is exactly
neutralized by an equal amount of opposite or positive electricity of the nucleus.
Thus, a normal atom exhibits no external sign of electrification.
Structure of an atom
3
The attraction between the nucleus and Electron
Electron force
the electron is called electrostatic force, holds the
which holds the electron in an orbit. electron orbit.
Bodies that attract each other in this
special electrostatic way are described as
charged object. The electron carries the Nucleus
negative charge (-), while the nucleus
carries the positive charge (+).
Electron
The structure of neutrons in the atoms showing the position of its proton,
electron, nucleus and neutron is shown below.
4
First Law of Electrostatics
The protons and electrons attract each other inside the atom. It has been
known that by nature, unlike charges (like the positive protons and negative
electrons) attract each other while like charges repel each other; meaning,
electrons and protons repel each other’s protons.
5
SELF-CHECK 1.1
II. Directions: Read each question below then, choose the correct answer.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
neutron molecule
atom occupies space
has weight
6
III. Directions: Read each question carefully. Choose the letter of the
correct answer in the box below. Write your answer on a separate
answer sheet.
A-Electron D-proton
B-neutron E-nucleus
C-proton F-electrostatic force
7
ACTIVITY SHEET 1.1
Comb
Small pieces of paper
Dry woolen cloth
Ballon
Wall
Dry fine sand
Working Drawing
COMB BALLON
Procedure
1. Put the tip of your comb near the small pieces of paper. What happened?
2. Rub your comb briskly with a dry woolen cloth.
3. Put again the tip of your comb towards some tiny pieces of paper. What
happened to the tiny pieces of paper? Compare your observation with the second
step.
4. Rub the inflated balloon with the woolen cloth.
5. Put the balloon against the wall. Why did the balloon stick on the wall? Do
you think the same will happen without rubbing the balloon?
6. Rub the balloon with the woolen cloth again.
7. Hold the balloon over very dry fine sand. What happened to the sand as you
brought the balloon near to it? What kind of electricity was produced when you
rubbed two materials of different kind?
8
Observation
First Step
Second Step
Third Step
Forth step
Fifth step
Sixth step
Seventh step
9
10
Program/Course: BUILDING WIRING INSTALLATION NC II
Assessment Criteria:
References:
11
LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ACTIVITIES
12
INFORMATION SHEET 2.1
HISTORY OF ELECTRICITY
Electricity plays an important role in man’s conquest for existence .It has
been said that it is here with us since the beginning of the time.
In 600 B.C, Thales a Greek philosopher accidentally discovered static
electricity. Noticing that his garment had bits of hair and straw, Thales decided
to remove them by rubbing piece of amber stone on his clothes. To his surprise,
several pieces of straw clung to the amber when rubbed on the clothes, the
amber became electrified and it attracted the pieces of straw. Thales simply
wrote the incident and did not do anything about it because he could not
explain the mystery. He did not know that he had just discovered static
electricity.
In 1600, William Gilbert, an English Physician was able to put an
electrical charged on the objects by means of friction or rubbing. He observed
that two materials when rubbed together received opposite charges, that is, one
object got a positive charge and the other a negative charge. He also noticed
that two oppositely charged materials attract each other. Gilbert experiment was
a re-discovery of static electricity, the word static means standing still or at rest.
The Greek word for amber stone is “ ELEKTRON” and so the term electricity
came about.
13
Sources of electricity
Hydropower is an energy
obtained from flowing water.
Energy in water can be
harnessed and used in the foot
motive energy or temperature
differences. The most common
application is the dam.
14
Nuclear Power is the
method in which steam is
produced by heating water
through a process called
nuclear fission. In a nuclear
power plant, a reactor
contains a core of nuclear fuel,
primary enriched uranium.
When atoms of uranium fuel
are hit by neutrons they
fission (split), releasing heat
neutrons.
15
US, thermal power plant in Asia, or power station in UK). The most common
source of energy is fossil fuel. Fossil fuels include coal, oil, and natural gas.
Fossil fuel is formed from the remains of plant and animals which live
thousands of years ago. The burning of those fossil fuel provides energy which
can be used to generate electricity.
Geothermal power comes from heat energy
buried beneath the surface of the earth. In some
areas of the country, enough heat rises close to the
surface of the earth to heat underground water into
steam which can be tapped for use in steam-
turbine plants.
Geothermal Power is the energy extracted
from the heat generated by natural concentrations
of hot water and steam in the earth’s interior. It can
be used in electric power generation and direct heat applications such as space
heating and industrial drying processes.
16
SELF-CHECK 2.1
A B
1. Friction a. two metals bounded together in
junction by thermocouple process
2. Chemical b. electricity produced by rotating
action machine
3. Heat action c. electricity generated by rubbing
two materials
4. Light action d. electricity produced by batteries
5. Prezo- e. a process of photo-electricity
electricity
6. Mechanical f. an action of squeezing or
action stretching crystal
7. Magnet g. imaginary lines along which the
attraction or repulsion of a magnet act
8. Magnetic h. a body having the property of
induction polarity and of attraction and repulsion
found in the nature.
9. Thermoelectric i. potential difference appears across
ity the faces of quartz when squeezed
10. Pressure j. electricity generated by heat
action.
II. Direction: From the given words below, choose the correct word that will
complete the sentence. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
17
III. Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer in
your notebook.
18
ACTIVITY SHEET 2.1
In the pictures below, trace and explain the process of the different power
plants on how they produce electricity.
Nuclear power
19
Hydroelectric power
Geothermal power
20
Solar power
21
Program/Course: BUILDING WIRING INSTALLATION NC II
Assessment Criteria:
References:
22
LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ACTIVITIES
23
INFORMATION SHEET 3.1
End turns
Western Union Short tie splice -
To make the splice, the wires are first
skinned
Tape
24
for about 3 inches at the ends. They are then placed in crossed position about
1 inch from the insulation. Four or five short turns are then wrapped on each
side of the longest twist, and the free ends cut off and squeezed down closed to
the straight position of the wire so that they will not extend over the surface of
the short turns and permit the sharp to cut through the tape with the splice to
be wrapped.
25
The bared wire is then filed to a wedge shape starting about ½ inch from
the insulations. A piece of No. 18 bare copper wire is cut to about 5 ft. in
length and prepared by cleaning and bending in half.
The two file sides of the conductors are then laid together and wrapping
wire wound around them as similarly done in Britannia Splice. The wrapping is
completed by winding about six and seven turns of the free ends around the
unfilled portion of the conductor.
26
over the insulation of the tap and main wire. The tap wire is bent and hooked
over the main wire and brought forward and bent over itself. Lastly, the
remaining portion is wound into four or five short turns around the main wire.
27
the joint, one group is wound around the main conductor, in one direction; and
the second group is wound in the opposite direction.
Before the splice is made, the insulation is first removed on both ends with
the use of an electrician’s knife or diagonal pliers. An electrician should be very
careful in removing wire insulation in order that the wire will not be nicked by
the knife or pliers to prevent breaking. However, a specially designed tool to
avoid nicks is called automatic wire stripper. The function of the tool is to cut
the wire insulation and remove it automatically by inserting the wire
corresponding to the size of hole in the wire stripper. After removing the
insulation, the end of the wire is twisted firmly. When the joint has been made,
the correct practice is to solder it to prevent loose contact and to have a
continuous flow of electricity. The splice and joint are then covered properly
with an electrical tape in order to prevent short circuit.
28
SELF-CHECK 3.1
I. Direction: Label the following splices and joints. Write your answer on a
separate answer sheet.
II. Direction: Write the letter of the correct answer in your notebook.
29
OPERATION SHEET 3.1
Materials
Wire conductor
- stranded # 14 or 12 (2m)
- solid # 14 or 12 (2m)
Procedures
30
Assessment Criteria:
The students will be evaluated based on the following:
Points
Criteria
Allotted Gained
SKINNING 20 pts.
No nick of wire 10
Cleaning of wire 10
WORKMANSHIP 10 pts.
Execution of using tool 5
Cutting 5
SPEED 10 pts.
Before allotted time 5
Within allotted time 3
After allotted time 2
SAFETY 5 pts.
Use appropriate PPE 3
Use PPE but not 2
appropriate 0
No PPE
31
JOB SHEET 3.1
Materials
Wire conductor
- stranded # 14 or 12 (2m)
- solid # 14 or 12 (2m)
Procedure
32
Assessment Criteria
SAFETY 5 pts.
Use appropriate PPE 3
Use PPE but not appropriate 2
No PPE 0
33
Program/Course: BUILDING WIRING INSTALLATION NC II
Assessment Criteria:
References:
34
LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ACTIVITIES
35
6. Perform the Activity Sheet
4.2 on Bulb in Parallel.
Electrical path
36
Switch
1. Series Circuit. In a series circuit, many bulbs are wired one after the
other, so that when one of the bulb is busted, all will not light up. The
reason is that the current cannot pass through the bulb because of the
filament is cut. So there is no continuity for current in order to go back to
the power source.
Source B3
of Power
Switch
Series circuit
2. Parallel Circuit. This is the circuit whereby two or more bulbs are wired with
each bulb having its own circuit. This means that if one is busted, the other
bulb will still light up because current passes separately in each circuit. In a
parallel circuit, the electric current flows and only a part of the total current
in the circuit goes through each bulb. Each bulb has a circuit of its own with
the battery so the electric current flowing through each bulb moves in a
different path in the circuit.
B1 B2 B3
37
Laws of parallel circuit:
SELF-CHECK 4.1
A B
1. Switch a. current cannot pass through the
bulb when the other filament of the bulb is
cut
2. Source of power b. caused the load to light up
3. Conductor c. consumes power
4. Load d. electrical path
5. Series circuit e. bulb has its own circuit
connection
f. control the circuit
II. Directions: Tell whether the following idea refer to a series or parallel circuit.
Write S if the answer is series and P if it is parallel on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. The total current is the sum of all the current in each circuit.
38
2. The current throughout the circuit is the same.
3. The voltage is the same in all the circuits.
4. The total resistance in the circuit is the sum of all individual
resistances.
5. The total voltage in the circuit is equal to the sum of the
individual voltages.
If we are going to study the meaning of electricity deeper, there are three
essential elements involved. These are voltage, current and resistance. George
Simon Ohm, a German scientist, discovered in 1826 the relations among them.
The discovery led to one of the major laws in electricity called Ohm’s Law. Each
of the elements has its own unit of measurement, volt for voltage, ampere for
current, ohm for resistance.
Volt is named after Alessandro Volta, a physicist whose invention made volt
as an electrical pressure needed in allowing one ampere of current pass through
resistance of one ohm. Another inventor, named Andre Marie Ampere, a
physicist and Mathematician, whose one ampere of current is the rate of flow of
charge passing in a wire conductor that is equal to one coulomb per second.
Electric power is measured in watts, abbreviated W as a unit. This unit is named
after James Watt, a Scotch inventor. It is equal to the product of the voltage
multiplied by the current. The total power of a circuit is obtained by multiplying
the total current by the voltage.
39
The amount of current through the material varies directly to the applied
voltage and varies inversely to the resistance.
SELF-CHECK 4.2
Direction: Find the missing quantity for each of the circuits below.
1. 5Ω I=2A
V=?
2. I=2A
R=?
20V
R=5Ω
3. I=?
10V
I=500A
40
4.
R=?
100V
R=10Ω I=0.4A
5.
V=?
25 Ω
6. I=?
50V
BULB IN SERIES
Tool
Pliers
Screw drivers
41
Working Drawing
Procedure
Observation
First Step
Second Step
Third Step
42
Forth step
BULB IN PARALLEL
Tool
Pliers
Screw drivers
43
Working Drawing
Procedure
Observation
First Step
Second Step
44
Third Step
Forth step
Fifth step
Assessment Criteria:
References:
1. Enriquez, Michael Q., Gantalao, Fred T., and Lasala, Rommel M. Simple
Electronics, 2004.
45
2. Velasco, Benjamin S., Electronics Components Testing Simplified,
1994.
LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ACTIVITIES
46
Provide a separate
sheet of paper as your answers.
RESISTOR
47
Types
of
resistors
1. Carbon Composition is
made either by hot or cold
molding from mixtures of carbon
and clay binder. Its resistive
value ranges from 10 ohms to
mega ohms, in power ranges
from 1/8 to 4 watts. It has the
ability to withstand higher
current surges and ruggedness.
48
3. Metal Film is formed by
means of vacuum
decomposition, a process by
which a number of different
metal or metal oxide film is
deposited on a suitable
insulating mandrel or core.
Nickel and chromium are
deposited in the alumina
ceramic core and the unit is
then subjected to laser
trimming.
49
Table showing the color band and its numerical value
50
Examples of resistor reading:
2.
51
3. Decoding the resistance value of a
carbon composition-type resistor using the color code.
4.
Determine the resistor value of a carbon composition resistor using the color
code.
52
53
SELF-CHECK 5.1
1. It is made
from carbon graphite, mixed with powdered
insulating material.
2. It is highly
resistive wire wrapped around insulating core.
3. It is made
either by hot or cold molding from mixtures of
carbon and clay binder.
4. It is formed
by means of vacuum decomposition, a process by
which a number of different metal or metal oxide film
are deposited on a suitable insulating mandrel or
core.
5. It is a device
that limits or resists the current.
54
ACTIVITY SHEET 5.1
2.
55
3.
4.
What is the resistance value of a carbon resistor coded BLUE, GRAY, RED and
GOLD as illustrated below?
56
5. What is the resistance value of a carbon resistor coded
ORANGE, WHITE, YELLOW and NONE as shown below?
57
Materials
10 different resistors
Procedure
Read the equivalent of the first, second, third and fourth color band, tolerance and
its coded value that correspond on the table.
Assessment Criteria
Score Remarks
10 Excellent
8-9 Very satisfactory
6-7 Satisfactory
1-5 Fair
58
Program/Course: BUILDING WIRING INSTALLATION NC II
Assessment Criteria:
References:
1. Enriquez, Michael Q., Gantalao, Fred T., and Lasala, Rommel M. Simple
Electronics, 2004.
2. Velasco, Benjamin S., Electronics Components Testing Simplified,
1994.
59
LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ACTIVITIES
Provide a separate
sheet of paper for your answers.
60
INFORMATION SHEET 6.1
CAPACITORS
INTRODUCTION
Types of capacitor
2. Ceramics are
made with materials such as titanium acid barium for
dielectric. Internally, these capacitors are not
constructed as a coil, so they are suited for use in high
frequency applications. They are shaped like a disk,
available in very small capacitance value and very
small size.
61
10%. It can be quite large depending on capacitor rate voltage and so many
are not be suitable for all application.
4. Mica
is an extremely accurate device with very low
leakage currents. It is constructed with
alternate layers of metal foil and mica
insulation, stacked and encapsulated. These
capacitors have small capacitances and are
often used in high frequency circuits (eg. : RF
circuits). They are very stable under variable voltage and temperature
conditions. Tolerances range from +/-0.25 to +/-5 percent. Capacitances
range from 1 pf to 0.01 uF, with maximum voltage ratings from 100 V to 2.5
kV. This capacitor uses a thin polyester film as a dielectric.
62
CAPACITOR READING
Examples:
63
= 0.0032
1. 3,200 picofarad ±5%
microfarad ±5%
= 0.00038
2. 380 picofarad ±10%
microfarad ±10%
= 0.022
5. 22,000 picofarad
microfarad
SELF-CHECK 6.1
64
1. What type of capacitor is not constructed as
coil, suited for use in high frequency applications?
2. What type of capacitor is an extremely
accurate device with very low leakage currents?
3. What device can store energy in the electric
field?
4. What type of capacitor is made of electrolyte?
5. What type of capacitor uses a thin polyester
film as a dielectric?
65
Direction: Give the equivalent value of the capacitor.
1. =
2. =
3. =
4. =
5. =
66
ANSWER KEY 1.1
I. Directions: Read the following sentences carefully. Write the letter of your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
II. Directions: Read each question, then choose the correct answer in the box
below. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
III. Directions: Read each question carefully. Choose the letter of the correct
answer in the box below. Write your answer on a separate
answer sheet.
67
ANSWER KEY 2.1
A B
c 1. Friction a. two metals bounded together in
junction by thermocouple process
2. Chemical b. electricity produced by rotating
d action machine
j 3. Heat action c. electricity generated by rubbing
two materials
e 4. Light action d. electricity produced by batteries
5. Prezo- e. a process of photo-electricity
f electricity
6. Mechanical f. an action of squeezing or
b action stretching crystal
h 7. Magnet g. imaginary lines along which the
attraction or repulsion of a magnet act
g 8. Magnetic h. a body having the property of
induction polarity and of attraction and repulsion
found in the nature.
a 9. Thermoelectrici i. Potential difference appears
ty across the faces of quartz when squeezed
10. Pressure j. electricity generated by heat
i action.
II. Direction: From the given words below, choose the correct word that would
complete the sentence. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
68
III. Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on
your notebook.
69
ANSWER KEY 3.1
I. Directions: Label the following splices and joints. Write your answer on a
separate answer sheet.
II. Direction: Write the letter of the correct answer o your notebook.
70
ANSWER KEY 4.1
A B
f 1. Switch a. current cannot pass through the
bulb when the other filament of the bulb is
cut
b 2. Source of power b. caused the load to light up
d 3. Conductor c. consumes power
c 4. Load d. electrical path
a 5. Series circuit e. bulb has its own circuit
connection
f. control the circuit
II. Directions: Tell whether the following ideas is a series or parallel circuit.
Write S if the answer is series and P if it is parallel on a
separate sheet of paper.
P 1. The total current is the sum of all the current in each circuit.
S 2. The current throughout the circuit is the same.
P 3. The voltage is the same in all the circuits.
S 4. The total resistance in the circuit is the sum of all individual
resistances.
S 5. The total voltage in the circuit is equal to the sum of the
individual voltages.
71
ANSWER KEY 4.2
1. 5Ω I=2A
V=10
2. I=2A
R=10
20V
R=5Ω
3. I=2
10V
4. I=500A
R=.2
100V
R=10Ω I=0.4A
5.
V=4.4
25 Ω
6. I=2
50V
72
9. An electric appliance with a resistance of 60 ohms must draw 5A to
operate correctly. What is the correct voltage to use? 300 V
10. How much power is consumed by the machine having a current flow
of 6 ampere supplied by a 220 volt line? 1,320 W
73
ANSWER KEY 6.1
74