Republic of the Philippines

Unit of Competency: TERMINATE

Department ofAND CONNECT ELECTRICAL
Education
WIRING
PUBLIC AND ELECTRONIC
TECHNICAL - VOCATIONALCIRCUIT.
HIGH SCHOOLS
Module No 4 Module Title: Terminating and Connecting an
Electronic Circuit
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

How to Use this Module.....................................................................................i

Introduction......................................................................................................ii
Technical Terms..............................................................................................iii
Learning Outcome 1 Design a Simple Circuit in Electronics.............................1
 Learning Experiences/Activities..............................................................2
 Information Sheet 1.1.............................................................................3
 Self-Check 1.1.........................................................................................8
 Answer key 1.1......................................................................................10
 Activity Sheet 1.1..................................................................................11
 Activity Sheet Key 1.1............................................................................12
Learning outcome 2 Terminate and Connect a Simple Circuit in Electronics…15
 Learning Experiences/Activities............................................................16
 Information Sheet 2.1............................................................................17
 Self-Check 2.1.......................................................................................20
 Operation Sheet 2.1..............................................................................21
 Job Sheet 2.1........................................................................................30
Learning Outcome 3…………………………………………………………………………31
 Learning Experiences/Activities............................................................33
 Information Sheet 2.1............................................................................34
 Job Sheet 1...........................................................................................35
Observation List.............................................................................................36
Observation and Questioning Checklist..........................................................37
Demonstration................................................................................................38
Written Report................................................................................................39
Performance Test............................................................................................40
 HOW TO USE THIS MODULE

Welcome to the Module “Terminating and Connecting Electrical circuit

and Electronic Circuit”. This module contains training materials and activities
for you to complete.

The unit of competency “Terminate and Connect Electrical Wiring and

Electronic Circuit” contains the knowledge, skills and attitudes required for
Consumer Electronics Servicing required to obtain the National Certificate
(NC) level II.

You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to

complete each of the learning outcomes of the module. In each learning
outcome there are Information Sheets, Job Sheets, Operation Sheets and
Activity Sheets. Do these activities on your own and answer the Self-Check at
the end of each learning activity.

If you have questions, don’t hesitate to ask your teacher for assistance.

Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)

You have already some basic knowledge and skills covered in this module
because you have been working for some time; and already completed training
in this area.

If you can demonstrate competence to your teacher in a particular skill, talk

to your teacher so you don’t have to undergo the same training again. If you
have a qualification or Certificate of Competency from previous trainings show it
to him/her. If the skills you acquired are consistent with and relevant to this
module, they become part of the evidence. You can present these for RPL. If you
are not sure about your competence skills, discuss this with your teacher.

After completing this module, ask your teacher to assess your competence.
Result of your assessment will be recorded in your competency profile. All the
learning activities are designed for you to complete at your own pace.

In this module, you will find the activities for you to complete and relevant
information sheets for each learning outcome. Each learning outcome may have
more than one learning activity.

This module is prepared to help you achieve the required competency, in

receiving and relaying information. This will be the source of information that
will enable you to acquire the knowledge and skills in Terminating and
Connecting an Electronic Circuit independently at your own pace with
minimum supervision from your teacher.

i
Program/Course: CONSUMER ELECTRONIC SERVICING NC II

Unit of Competency: TERMINATE AND CONNECT ELECTRICAL WIRING

AND ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT

Module Title: TERMINATING AND CONNECTING AN ELECTRICAL

WIRING AND ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT

INTRODUCTION:

This module contains information and suggested learning activities on

Terminating and Connecting Electrical Wiring and Electronic Circuit. It covers
the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to terminate and connect electrical
wiring and electronic circuit.

This module consists of three (3) learning outcomes. Each learning outcome
contains learning activities supported by instructional sheets. Before you
perform the instructions, read the information sheets and answer the self-check
and activities provided to ascertain to yourself and your teacher that you have
acquired the knowledge necessary to perform the skill portion of the particular
learning outcome.

Upon completing this module, report to your teacher for an assessment to

check your achievement of knowledge and skill required in this module. If you
pass the assessment, you will be given a certificate of completion.

SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Upon completion of the module, you should be able to:

LO1 design a simple circuit in Electronics;

LO2 terminate and connect a simple circuit in Electronics; and
LO3 test a simple circuit in Electronics.

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:

Refer to the assessment criteria of learning outcomes 1-3 of this module.

PREREQUISITES:

None

ii
 TECHNICAL TERMS

AC Power Supply. It is an equipment that delivers an AC Voltage.

AC Voltage. It is a voltage in which the polarity alternates.

Alternating Current. An electric current that rises to a maximum in one

direction, falls back to zero and then rises to a maximum
in the opposite direction and then repeats itself.

DC Power Supply. It is any source of DC power for electrical equipment.

Fuse. It is a protective device in the current path that melts or breaks when
current exceeds a predetermined maximum value.

Leakage. A small undesirable flow of current through an insulator or

dielectric

Power Supply. It is an electrical equipment used to deliver either AC or DC

voltage.
Regulated Power Supply. A power supply that maintains a constant output
voltage under changing load condition.

Resistor. It is a component made of material that opposes the flow of current

and therefore has some value of resistance

Schematic Diagram. An Illustration of an electrical or electronic circuit with

the components represented by their symbol.
Switch. It is electrical device having two states, ON (closed) or OFF (open).

Test. It is compose of sequence of operations intended to verify the correct

operation or malfunctioning of a piece of equipment or system.
.
Schematic Diagram. An illustration of an electrical or electronic circuit with
the components represented by their symbols.

Volt-Ohm-Meter. It is known as a multitester. A test equipment used to

check AC, DC voltages, current in a circuit and resistance of any components
out of the circuit.

iii
Program/Course: CONSUMER ELECTRONIC SERVICING NC II

Unit of Competency: TERMINATE AND CONNECT ELECTRICAL WIRING

AND ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT

Module Title: TERMINATING AND CONNECTING ELECTRICAL

WIRING AND ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT

Learning Outcome 1: Make a simple electrical circuit.

Assessment Criteria:

1. A simple circuit is made based on the required specifications.

2. Appropriate electrical symbols are used.
3. The specification of electronic components are indicated.

References:

1. Tan, Michael Q., Gantalao, Fred T., Lasala, Rommel M. Simple Electronics;
Andes Mountain Printers: 2004
2. Enriquez, Marcelo T. Electronics Technology IV; Souvenir Publications, Inc.:
2003
3. www.google.com
4. www.yahoo.com

1
LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ACTIVITIES

Learning Outcome 1: Make a simple electrical circuit.

Learning Activities Special Instructions

1. Read the Information Sheet 1.1

on Component of a simple
circuit.
 Try to answer all the self check
materials without looking at
2. Answer Self Check 1.1. the information sheet.

3. Compares your answers with

the model answers.

4. Perform Activity sheet 1.1.

5. Compare with Self Check

6. If you missed some of the

questions, go back again to
Information Sheet 1.1 and
Activity Sheet 1.1.

7. If you have answered the

questions, you are ready to
proceed to Learning Outcome
2.

2
 INFORMATION SHEET 1.1
Components of a Simple Circuit

A Simple circuit contains the minimum things needed to have a functioning

electric circuit. A simple circuit requires the following:

 AC/DC source
 Equipment that will operate on either an AC or DC power source
 Battery – a DC voltage source containing two or more cells that
convert chemical energy to electrical energy.
 Cell- Single unit which is used to convert chemical energy into a
DC electrical voltage.

 FUSE
Once you design a simple circuit on
electronics, it is important to include a fuse
in the primary or secondary of a transformer.
 Fuse is a safety device used to protect
an electrical circuit from the effect of
excessive current. Its essential
component is usually a strip of metal
that will melt at a given temperature.
A fuse is so designed that the strip of metal can easily be placed
in the electric circuit. If the current in the circuit exceed a
predetermined value, the fusible metal will melt and thus break,
or open the circuit.
 A fuse is usually rated in Amperes, which represent the
maximum continues current it could handle without blowing.
 The most popular type of fuse in Electronics is 3AG type. This
code describes the case size and material with the “G” indicates
a glass materials and “A” indicates that intended for automotive
application. A 3AG fuse measures approximately 32mm x 6mm.

 Wires and Cable

 A wire is a single slender rod or
filament of drawn metal. This definition
restricts the term to what would ordinarily
be understood as solid wire. The word
“slender” is used because the length of a
wire is usually large when compared to its
diameter. If a wire is covered with
insulation, It is an insulated wire.
Although the term “wire” properly refers to
the metal, it is also includes the
insulation.
 A conductor is a wire suitable for
carrying an electric current.

3
  A stranded conductor is a conductor composed of a group of wire or
of any combination of group of wires. The wires in a stranded
conductor are usually twisted together and not insulated from each
other.
 A cable is either a stranded conductor (single-conductor cable) or a
combination of conductors insulated from one another (multiple-
conductor cable). The term “cable” is a general one and usually applies
only to the large sizes of conductor. A small cable is more often called a
stranded wire or cored (such as that used for an iron or a lamp cord).
Cables may be bare or insulated. Insulated cables may be sheathed
(covered) with lead, or protective armor.

 Switch and its function

 Switch is a device used to break an electric current or transfer it to
another conductor. Switches are commonly used to open or close a
circuit. Close is ON position, while open is OFF position. Normally,
switch is installed in series with the line carrying current from the
power source to the load.
 A switch is a mechanical device
used to connect and disconnect a
circuit at will. Switches cover a
wide range of types, from
subminiature up to industrial
plant switching megawatts of
power on high voltage distribution
lines.
 Switch is a manually operated
device capable of making,
breaking, or changing the
connection in an electronics or electrical circuit. A switch connected
in series with one of the connecting wires of simple circuit affords a
means of controlling the current in the circuit.
 Switched function
o When the switch is closed, the electron finds an interrupted path in
the circuit.
o Open is the OFF position of the switch, while close is the ON
position.
o When the switch is opened, the current delivered by the power
supply is normally insufficient to jump the switch gap in the form
of an arc and the electron flow in the circuit is blocked.

 Load is a source drives a load. Whatever component or piece or piece of

equipment is connected to a source and draws current from a source is a
load on that source.
 The following are examples but not limited to:
 Bulb
 Appliances

4
 ELECTRONIC SCHEMATIC SYMBOLS

Wires and connections

 Component   Circuit Symbol  Function of Component
To pass current very easily from one
Wire
part of a circuit to another.
A 'blob' should be drawn where wires
are connected (joined), but it is
sometimes omitted. Wires connected
Wires joined
at 'crossroads' should be staggered
slightly to form two T-junctions, as
shown on the right.
In complex diagrams it is often
necessary to draw wires crossing even
though they are not connected. I
prefer the 'bridge' symbol shown on
Wires not joined
the right because the simple crossing
on the left may be misread as a joint
where you have forgotten to add a
'blob'!

Power Supplies/Source
 Component   Circuit Symbol  Function of Component
It supplies electrical energy.
The larger terminal (on the left) is
positive (+).
Cell
A single cell is often called a battery, but
strictly a battery is two or more cells
joined together.
It supplies electrical energy. A battery is
more than one cell.
Battery
The larger terminal (on the left) is
positive (+).
It supplies electrical energy.
DC supply DC = Direct Current, always flowing in
one direction.
It supplies electrical energy.
AC supply AC = Alternating Current, continually
changing direction.
A safety device which will 'blow' (melt) if
Fuse the current flowing through it exceeds a
specified value.

5
 Two coils of wire linked by an iron core.
Transformers are used to step up
(increase) and step down (decrease) AC
Transformer voltages. Energy is transferred between
the coils by the magnetic field in the
core. There is no electrical connection
between the coils.
A connection to earth. For many
electronic circuits this is the 0V (zero
Earth volts) of the power supply, but for mains
(Ground) electricity and some radio circuits it
really means the earth. It is also known
as ground.

Output Devices/Loads: Lamps, Heater, Motor

 Component   Circuit Symbol  Function of Component
A transducer which converts electrical
energy to light. This symbol is used
Lamp (lighting) for a lamp providing illumination, for
example a car headlamp or torch
bulb.
A transducer which converts electrical
energy to light. This symbol is used
Lamp (indicator) for a lamp which is an indicator, for
example a warning light on a car
dashboard.
A transducer which converts electrical
Heater
energy to heat.

A transducer which converts electrical

Motor
energy to kinetic energy (motion).

A transducer which converts electrical

Bell
energy to sound.

A transducer which converts electrical

Buzzer
energy to sound.

A coil of wire which creates a

magnetic field when current passes
through it. It may have an iron core
inside the coil. It can be used as a
Inductor
transducer converting electrical
(Coil, Solenoid)
energy to mechanical energy by
pulling on something.

6
Switches
 Component   Circuit Symbol  Function of Component
A push switch allows current to flow only
Push Switch
when the button is pressed. This is the
(push-to-make)
switch used to operate a doorbell.
This type of push switch is normally closed
Push-to-Break
(on); it is open (off) only when the button is
Switch
pressed.
SPST = Single Pole, Single Throw.
On-Off Switch
An on-off switch allows current to flow only
(SPST)
when it is in the closed (on) position.
SPDT = Single Pole, Double Throw.
A 2-way changeover switch directs the flow
2-way Switch of current to one of two routes according to
(SPDT) its position. Some SPDT switches have a
central off position and are described as 'on-
off-on'.
DPST = Double Pole, Single Throw.
Dual On-Off
A dual on-off switch is often used to switch
Switch
mains electricity because it can isolate both
(DPST)
the live and neutral connections.

 PARTS OF A SIMPLE CIRCUIT

A simple circuit contains the minimum things needed to have a

functioning electric circuit
 Source is a device used to supply AC or DC voltage
 Load is any device that consumes voltage, whatever component or
piece of equipment that is connected to a source and draws current
from a source is a load on that source.
 Control or switch is any device having two states, on (closed) or off
(open). Ideally having zero impedance when closed and infinite
impedance when open.
 Protecting device is a component used to open the circuit when current
exceeds a predetermined maximum value.
 Conductor is a material that conducts electric current very well and
used to connect a complete path for current.

7
 CONTROLLING

source
CONSUMING

Connecting device

 Procedure in Making a Simple Circuit.

1. Prepare all the tools and materials needed.

2. By using schematic symbol, make a simple circuit with the
following :
a. load
b. source
c. conductor
d. control

3. Make sure that the circuit has the following requirements:

a. A source of electrical potential difference or

voltage.
b. A conductive path which would allow for the
movement of charges.
c. An electrical resistance which is loosely defined
as any object that uses electricity to do work.

4. Test the designed circuit by comparing it with the sample

circuit produced by your teacher.

8
 SELF-CHECK 1.1

A. Fill in the blank with term referred by each of the following.

________________1.Interconnection of components which provides an electrical

path between two or more components.
________________2. A type of circuit in which the flow of current is cut off.
________________3. A circuit in which the components are connected from end to
end so that the current has only one path to follow
through the circuit.
________________4. A circuit where there is more than one path for the current
to flow through.
________________5. A device used to supply AC or DC voltage.
________________6. Any device having two states, ON or OFF.
________________7. A safety device used to protect an electrical circuit from the
effect of excessive current.
________________8. Wire suitable for carrying an electrical current.
________________9. Components or pieces of equipment connected to a source
which draws current from a source.
_______________10. A DC voltage source containing two or more cells that
convert chemical energy to electrical energy.

B. Complete the table below:

Identify each of these symbols:

COMPONENTS SYMBOLS
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

9
 ANSWER KEY TO SELF CHECK 1-1

A.

1. Circuit
2. Open circuit
3. Series circuit
4. Parallel circuit
5. Source
6. Controlling device
7. Fuse
8. Conductor
9. Load
10. BATTERY

B.
1. Cell
2. Fuse
3. Lamp
4. Wire not joined
5. Switch (SPST)

10
 ACTIVITY SHEET 1.1

Electronics Circuit

Procedure:

A. Choose 10 actual components from the circuit provided by your

teacher.

Actual component are the following but not limited to:

 Wire
 Cell
 Battery
 Fuse
 Transformer
 Lamp
 Motor
 Bell
 Buzzer
 Inductor

2. Identify the schematic symbols of your chosen components.

3. Write your answers on the chart provided below.

No. Component Schematic Symbol

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

B. By using of the different components, design a simple circuit with the

following part:
 Source
 Load
 Conductor
 Control

KEY TO CORRECTION FOR ACTIVITY SHEET 1.1

11
 Electronics Circuit

 ELECTRONIC SCHEMATIC SYMBOLS

Wires and connections

 Component   Circuit Symbol  Function of Component
To pass current very easily from one part of a
Wire
circuit to another.
A 'blob' should be drawn where wires are
connected (joined), but it is sometimes
Wires joined omitted. Wires connected at 'crossroads'
should be staggered slightly to form two T-
junctions, as shown on the right.
In complex diagrams it is often necessary to
draw wires crossing even though they are not
connected. I preferred the 'bridge' symbol
Wires not joined
shown on the right because the simple
crossing on the left may be misread as a join
where you have forgotten to add a 'blob'!

Power Supplies/Source
 Component   Circuit Symbol  Function of Component
It supplies electrical energy.
The larger terminal (on the left) is positive (+).
Cell A single cell is often called a battery, but
strictly a battery is two or more cells joined
together.

It supplies electrical energy. A battery is more

Battery than one cell.
The larger terminal (on the left) is positive (+).

It supplies electrical energy.

DC supply DC = Direct Current, always flowing in one
direction.
It supplies electrical energy.
AC supply AC = Alternating Current, continually
changing direction.
A safety device which will 'blow' (melt) if the
Fuse current flowing through it exceeds a specified
value.
Two coils of wire linked by an iron core.
Transformers are used to step up (increase)
and step down (decrease) AC voltages. Energy
Transformer
is transferred between the coils by the
magnetic field in the core. There is no electrical
connection between the coils.
A connection to earth. For many electronic
circuits this is the 0V (zero volts) of the power
Earth
supply, but for mains electricity and some
(Ground)
radio circuits it really means the earth. It is
also known as ground.
12
Output Devices/Loads: Lamps, Heater, Motor, etc.
 Component   Circuit Symbol  Function of Component
A transducer which converts electrical
energy to light. This symbol is used
Lamp (lighting) for a lamp providing illumination, for
example a car headlamp or torch
bulb.
A transducer which converts electrical
energy to light. This symbol is used
Lamp (indicator) for a lamp which is an indicator, for
example a warning light on a car
dashboard.
A transducer which converts electrical
Heater
energy to heat.

A transducer which converts electrical

Motor
energy to kinetic energy (motion).

A transducer which converts electrical

Bell
energy to sound.

A transducer which converts electrical

Buzzer
energy to sound.

A coil of wire which creates a

magnetic field when current passes
through it. It may have an iron core
inside the coil. It can be used as a
Inductor
transducer converting electrical
(Coil, Solenoid)
energy to mechanical energy by
pulling on something.

Switches
 Component   Circuit Symbol  Function of Component
A push switch allows current to flow only
Push Switch
when the button is pressed. This is the
(push-to-make)
switch used to operate a doorbell.
This type of push switch is normally closed
Push-to-Break
(on), it is open (off) only when the button is
Switch
pressed.
SPST = Single Pole, Single Throw.
On-Off Switch
An on-off switch allows current to flow only
(SPST)
when it is in the closed (on) position.

13
 SPDT = Single Pole, Double Throw.
A 2-way changeover switch which directs the
2-way Switch flow of current to one of two routes according
(SPDT) to its position. Some SPDT switches have a
central off position and are described as 'on-
off-on'.
DPST = Double Pole, Single Throw.
Dual On-Off
A dual on-off switch which is often used to
Switch
switch mains electricity because it can
(DPST)
isolate both the live and neutral connections.

5. Compare your answer with the sample circuit:

PRACTICAL CIRCUIT

14
Program/Course: CONSUMER ELECTRONIC SERVICING NC II

Unit of Competency: TERMINATE AND CONNECT ELECTRICAL WIRING

AND ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT

Module Title: TERMINATING AND CONNECTING ELECTRICAL

WIRING AND ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT

Learning Outcome 2: Prepare and connect a simple circuit in Electronics

Assessment Criteria:

1. Personal Protective Equipment and Occupational Health and Safety

Policies are observed in accordance with the industry standards.

2. Correct method in connection is used according to the specification

requirements and safety policies.

3. Correct sequence of operation is followed according to the job

specifications.

4. Electronic components are checked according to the specification and

task/s.

References

1. Tan, Michael Q., Gantalao, Fred T., Lasala, Rommel M. Simple

Electronics; Andes Mountain Printers: 2004
2. Enriquez, Marcelo T. Electronics Technology IV; Souvenir Publications,
Inc.: 2003
3. www.google.com

15
LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ACTIVITIES

Learning Outcome 2: Prepare and connect a simple circuit in electronics.

Learning Activities Special Instructions

1. Read the Information Sheet

2.1 on preparing a simple
circuit.
 Try to answer all the Self-
Check materials without
2. Answer Self Check 2.1. looking at the Information
Sheet.
3. Compare your answers with
answer Key # 2.1

4. If you missed some of the

questions, go back again to
Information sheet#2.1.

5. Perform Operation sheet 2.1

on circuit analysis.

6. Perform Job Sheet 2.1 on

preparing and connecting a
simple circuit.

7. If you have answered the

questions, and performed the
job, you are ready to proceed
to Learning Outcome 2.

16
 INFORMATION SHEET 2.1

Prepare a Simple Circuit

 Personal Protective Equipment

 Goggles
 Gloves
 ESD

 Harnessing wires

 If it is necessary to replace the length of wire, use the same

diameter or larger wire (smaller gauge number).
 Duplicate the length of the original wire as closely as possible.
Follow the wire color coding whenever possible.
 Strip the wire insulation about 20mm from both ends.
 Inspect the wire after the insulation has been stripped, to check
for damage or discoloration.
 Clean the ends of the wires with a wire cleaner or rosin flux.
 Slip the proper diameter and length of heat-shrink tubing on to
one wire.
 Twist the wires together or mesh the wires together and crimp on
a splice clip.
 Solder the splice with rosin-core solder. Solder should flow into
the wires.
 Pull on the wires lightly to ensure the splice is properly soldered
and tightened.
 Apply dielectric grease over the repair area.
 Slide heat shrinks tubing over the splice and applies that heat to
tighten the tubing around the splice, or tightly wrap the
splice with the proper electrical tape.

17
 Splices and Joints

Fixture The fixture joint is used to connect

Joint a small-diameter wire, such as in a
lighting fixture, to a larger diameter
wire used in a branch circuit. Like
the rattail joint, the fixture joint will
not stand much strain.

All the splices discussed up to this

point are known as <emphasis
type="u">butted</emphasis>
splices. Each is made by joining the
Knotted free ends of the conductors
Tap Joint together. Sometimes however, it is
necessary to join a branch
conductor to a continuous wire
called the main wire. Such a
junction is called a tap joint.

A splice that is used in a junction

Rattail box for connecting branch circuits
Joint is the rattail joint

Joining small multiconductor

cables often presents a problem.
Staggering Each conductor must be spliced
Splices and taped. If the splices are directly
opposite each other, the overall size
of the joint becomes large and
bulky. A smoother and less bulky
joint can be made by staggering the
splices.

18
Tap splice It is used where you want to join a
second wire to a conductor.

Western The wrapping pattern is designed to

Union or cause the termination to tighten as
Lineman the conductors pull against each
splice other. This type of splice is more
suited to solid, rather than
stranded conductors, and is fairly
difficult to complete. The Western
Union splice joins small, solid
conductors.

19
 SELF-CHECK 2.1

A. Fill in the blanks with what is being asked by the following items:
___________________1. (1-3) Examples of PPE used in connecting a circuit
___________________2.
___________________3.
___________________4. (4-5)Important things to remember in harnessing wires
___________________5.

B. Complete the table below by Identifying the following wire joints:

JOINTS PICTORIAL DESCRIPTION OFJOINTS

6. _______________________

7. _______________________

8. _______________________

9. _______________________

10. ______________________

20
 KEY TO SELF-CHECK 2.1

1. Goggles
2. Gloves
3. ESD
4-5.
 If its necessary to replace the length of wire, use the
same diameter or larger wire (smaller gauge
number).
 Duplicate the length of the original wire as closely as
possible. Follow the wire color coding whenever
possible.
 Strip the wire insulation about 20mm from both
ends.
 Inspect the wire after the insulation has been
stripped, to check for damage or discoloration.
 Clean the ends of the wires with wire cleaner or
rosin flux.
 Slip the proper diameter and length of heat-shrink
tubing on to one wire.
 Twist the wires together, or mesh the wires together
and crimp on a splice clip.
 Solder the splice with rosin-core solder. Solder
should flow into the wires.
 Pull on the wires lightly to ensure the splice is
properly soldered and tightened.
 Apply dielectric grease over the repair area.
 Slide heat shrink tubing over the splice and apply
that heat to tighten the tubing around the splice, or
Tightly wrap the splice with the proper electrical
tape.

6. Tap joints
7. Knotted tap joints
8. Western Union or Lineman splice
9. Staggering Splices
10. Fixture Joint

21
 OPERATION SHEET 2.1

Circuit Analysis

INSTRUCTION

This is the simplest complete circuit. a battery and an incandescent lamp.

Connect the lamp to the battery as shown in the illustration below, and the
lamp will light. Assuming the battery and lamp are both in good condition and
both are matched to one another in terms of voltage.

 If there is a "break" (discontinuity) anywhere in the circuit, the lamp fails

to light. It does not matter where such a break occurs! Many students
assume that since electrons leave the negative (-) side of the battery and
continue through the circuit to the positive (+) side, that the wire
connecting. The negative terminal of the battery to the lamp is more
important in circuit operation than the other wire providing a return path
for electrons back to the battery. This is not true!

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 Using your multimeter set to the appropriate "DC volt" range, measure
voltage across the battery, across the lamp, and across each jumper wire.
Familiarize yourself with the normal voltages in a functioning circuit.

Now, "break" the circuit at one point and re-measure the voltage between
the same sets of points, additionally measuring voltage across the break
like this:

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 What voltages measure the same as before? What voltages are different
since introducing the break? How much voltage is manifest, or dropped
across the break? What is the polarity of the voltage drop across the
break, as indicated by the meter?

Re-connect the jumper wire to the lamp, and break the circuit in another
place. Measure all voltage "drops" again, familiarizing yourself with the
voltages of an "open" circuit.

 Construct the same circuit on a breadboard, taking care to place the lamp
and wires into the breadboard in such a way that continuity will be
maintained.

 Experiment with different configurations on the breadboard, plugging the

lamp into different holes. If you encounter a situation where the lamp
refuses to light up and the connecting wires are getting warm, you
probably have a situation known as a short circuit, where a lower-
resistance path than the lamp bypasses current around the lamp,
preventing enough voltage from being dropped across the lamp to light it
up. Here is an example of a short circuit made on a breadboard:

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 Here is an example of an accidental short circuit of the type typically
made by students unfamiliar with breadboard usage:

25
  Here no "shorting" wire is present on the breadboard,
yet there is a short circuit occurs and the lamp
doesn’t light. Based on your understanding of
breadboard hole connections, can you determine
where the "short" is found in this circuit?

Short circuits are generally to be avoided as they

result in very high rates of electron flow causing
wires to heat up and battery power sources to
deplete. If the power source is substantial enough, a
short circuit may cause heat of explosive proportions
to manifest, causing equipment damage and hazard
to nearby personnel. This is what happens when a
tree limb "shorts" across wires on a power line: the
limb -- being composed of wet wood -- acts as a low-
resistance path to electric current, resulting in heat and sparks.

You may also build the battery/lamp circuit on a terminal strip: a length
of insulating material with metal bars and screws to attach wires and
component terminals to. Here is an example of how this circuit might be
constructed on a terminal strip:

 CIRCUIT AND CONNECTION

 Circuit is interconnection of components to provide an electrical path

between two or more components.

 Types of Circuits
 Open circuit. It is a type of circuit were the flow of current is cut off.

26
 Closed circuit. It is a circuit that is having a complete path for
current flow.

 Grounded circuit. It is a circuit that is having an intentional or

accidental connection between line 1 and line 2.

 Short circuit which is also is a low resistance connection between

two points in a circuit typically causing excessive current.

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 Kinds of Circuits
 Series circuit
 Circuit in which the components are connected end to end so
that current has only one path to follow through to the
circuit.
 Containing only one path for current flow, the current leaves
the voltage source, and must travel through a single path to
return to the other side of the voltage source.
 Series circuit may have only one or several loads in it, but
there is still only one path for current flow.
 Laws of series circuit
 Three basic laws that describe the behavior of a series
circuit
1. The individual resistance in a series circuit adds up
to the total circuit resistance.
2. The current has the same value at any point within
a series circuit.
3. The individual voltage across the load in a series
circuit add up to the total voltage applied to that
circuit.

 Parallel circuit
 A parallel circuit is a circuit which shows that there is more
than one path for the current to flow through.
 Laws of parallel circuit
 The three laws stated briefly are:
1. The total voltage of a parallel circuit is the same
across each branch of that circuit.
2. The total current in a parallel circuit is equal to the
sum of the individual branch current.

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 3. The total resistance in a parallel circuit is always
less approximately equal to the value of the smallest
resistive branch.

 Series Parallel circuit

 This circuit consist of a number of minor circuit that are

connected in series while other parts of the circuit are
connected in parallel or a series-parallel circuit which
comprise a series connection of a number of multiple circuit.

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 JOB SHEET 2.1

Prepare and Connect a simple Circuit

 Materials
 dry cell
 stranded wire, 2-meter long
 flashlight bulb (about a 3 volt rating)

 Doing the activity

1. Look at your battery. What differences are there between the two
ends?
2. Which end is positive (+) and which is negative (-)?
3. Take your battery, light bulb, and one strip of aluminum foil and
try to connect them so that the bulb would light. Try as many
different ways of connecting them as you can.
4. Draw your arrangement and mark the ones that worked.

 Reflecting

 Which circuit that you’ve drawncaused the light bulb to light?

 Why do you think did the other circuit did not cause the bulb to
light up?
 Is there current flowing through the battery?

 Applying

 What do you think will happen when one bulb in a string of a

Christmas light is defective?

30
Program/Course: CONSUMER ELECTRONIC SERVICING NC II

Unit of Competency: TERMINATE AND CONNECT ELECTRICAL WIRING

AND ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT

Module Title: TERMINATING AND CONNECTING ELECTRONIC

CIRCUIT

Learning Outcome 3: Test a simple electrical and electronics circuit.

Assessment Criteria

1. Wiring / Circuit is checked in accordance with the circuit

design.

2. Circuits are tested using the appropriate tools.

References

1. Tan, Michael Q., Gantalao, Fred T., Lasala, Rommel M. Simple

Electronics; Andes Mountain Printers: 2004
2. Enriquez, Marcelo T. Electronics Technology IV; Souvenir
Publications, Inc.: 2003

31
LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ACTIVITIES

Learning Outcome 3: Test a simple electrical and electronics circuit.

Learning Activities Special Instructions

1. Read the Information

Sheet 3.1 on Tools in Testing
Circuit.
 Try to answer all the self check
materials without looking at
2. Perform Job sheet 3.1 on the information sheet.
Checking/Testing Procedure in
Testing a Simple Circuit. Then
proceed to its Checklist.

3. Then proceed to its Checklist

on the next page.

4. If you have passed

the final assessment, you are
qualified to go to the next
module.

32
 INFORMATION SHEET 3.1

Tools in Testing Circuit

Tools Descriptions Drawing

A simple manual wire stripper is

a pair of opposing blades much
like scissors or wire cutters. The
addition of a center notch makes
it easier to cut the insulation
Wire Stripper without cutting the wire. This
type of wire stripper is used by
rotating it around the insulation
while applying pressure in order
to make a cut around the
insulation. Since the insulation
is not bonded to the wire, it then
pulls easily off the end. This is
the most versatile type of wire
stripper.

Make smooth cuts in all kinds of

Side Cutter wire.
Pliers

Soldering iron A device used for applying heat

to melt solder for attaching two
metal parts.

33
 Multi tester can measure various
VOM/ electric values. Such as the
Multitester measurement of the resistor
value, the measurement of the
voltage, the measurement of the
current, the confirmation of the
polarity of the light emitting
diode etc. This tool is necessary
for electronic circuit making.

34
 JOB SHEET 3.1

Checking / Testing Procedure in Testing a Simple Circuit

A. Damage Analysis

 Wire and Connector Damage

Inspect wires, terminals and connections for these conditions:

 Bent or broken terminals or connectors
 Exposed wires or terminals
 Cut or pinched insulation
 Swollen, discolored, melted, or scorched insulation
 Cracked connector housing, or other insulator
 Loose connection
 Missing seals or connector locks
 Moisture inside connectors
 Wire terminals not secured in the connectors

 Circuit Damage

 Blown fuse, burned, or tripped circuit breaker

 High resistance or no connectivity
 Faulty load
 Failed voltage drop test
 Improper continuity between circuits
 Failed diagnostic test procedure

 Inspection of Wire Repairs

 No exposed wire or damaged insulation

 Proper operation of the repaired circuit
 Proper application of shrinks tubing or electrical tape
 Splices at least 40mm away from other splices, harness,
branches, or connections.
 Proper ground connection
 Properly installed seals or connectors locks
 Proper application of petroleum jelly or dielectric grease.

35
 CHECKLIST FOR JOB SHEET 3.1

Checking/Testing Procedure in Testing a Simple Circuit

Identify each of the following by checking under the appropriate column.

The student was able to:

YES NO
 Design a circuit based on the required
specification.
 Use appropriate electrical symbols

 Indicate the specifications of electronic

components.
 Observe Personal Protective Equipment &
Occupational Health and Safety Policies in
connection with electronic circuit based on the
industry standards.
 Use correct method in connection according to the
specification requirements and safety policies
 Follow correct sequence of operation according to
job specifications.
 Check electronic components according to the
specifications and task/s.
 Check wiring/ circuit in accordance with the circuit
design.
 Test a circuit using the appropriate tools.

36
 Observation Checklist

Student name:
Teachers name:
Name of School
Competency
standards
Unit of
competency:
Instructions for the teacher:
1. Observe the student design a simple circuit in electronics.
2. Describe the assessment activity and the date on which it was undertaken.
3. Place a tick in the box to show that the student completed each aspect of the
activity to the standard expected in the enterprise.
4. Complete the feedback sections of the form.
Date of observation
Description of assessment
activity
Location of assessment
activity
The student can… If yes, tick the box
 design a circuit based on the required specification.

 use appropriate electrical symbol.

 indicate electronic component specification.

Did the student’s overall performance meet the Yes No

standard?
Feedback to student:

Teacher signature: Date:

37
Observation and Questioning Checklist

Student name:
Teachers name:
Name of School
Competency
standards
Unit of
competency:
Instructions for the teacher:
1. Observe the student Prepare and connect a simple circuit in Electronics
2. Describe the assessment activity and the date on which it was undertaken.
3. Place a tick in the box to show that the students completed each aspect of the
activity to the standard expected in the enterprise.
4. Ask the student a selection of the questions from the attached list to confirm
his/her underpinning knowledge
5. Place a tick in the box to show that the students answered the questions
correctly.
6. Complete the feedback sections of the form.
Date of observation
Description of assessment
activity
Location of assessment
activity
The student can… If yes, tick the box
 observe PPE and HSP according to industry standard.

 use correct method of connection according to

specification requirements and safety.

 follow correct sequence operation according to job

specifications.

 check electronic components according to

specifications and tasks.

Did the student’s overall performance meet the Yes No

standard?

38
Demonstration

Student’s name:
Teacher’s name:
Unit of Competency:
Competency Standards:
Date of assessment:
Time of assessment:
Instructions for demonstration
Given the necessary materials the trainee/student must be able to:

Materials and equipment:

Dry cell
Stranded wire, 2 meter long
Flashlight bulb, 3 volts rating

P to show if evidence is
demonstrated
During the demonstration of skills, did the
Yes No N/A
Student:
Observe PPE and HSP according to industry
standard? o o o
Use correct method of connection according to
specification requirements and safety? o o o
Follow correct sequence of operation according to
job specifications? o o o
Check electronic components according to
specifications and tasks? o o o
The student’s demonstration was:
Satisfactory q Not Satisfactory q

39
Written report

Students name:
Teachers name:
Assessment Center
Competency
Standards
Unit of
Competency:
Task:
Your task is to:
 Test a simple circuit in Electronics

Submission date:
Use the checklist below as a basis for judging whether the student’s
report meets the required competency standards.
The student’s report can… If yes, tick the box
 check wiring/ circuit in accordance with the
circuit design.
 test the circuit using the appropriate tools.
 observe safety in testing simple circuit in
electronics.
 fill in appropriate form completely and correctly.
 identify proper method of sealing packed
products.
 label correctly packed products.
Did the students report meet the standard? Yes No

Comments:

Student’s
Date:
signature:
Teacher’s
Date:
signature:

40
 PERFORMANCE TEST

Students Name Date

Competency: Test Attempt

1st 2nd 3rd

Directions: OVERALL EVALUATION

Level
PERFORMANCE LEVELS
Achieved
CALL TEACHER, ask
teacher to assess your 4 - Can perform this skill without supervision
performance in the and with initiative and adaptability to problem
following critical task situations.
and performance criteria 3 - Can perform this skill satisfactorily without
below assistance or supervision.

2 - Can perform this skill satisfactorily but

You will be rated based
on the overall evaluation
on the right side.
requires some assistance and/or supervision.
1 - Can perform parts of this skill satisfactorily,
but requires considerable assistance and/or
supervision.

Teacher will initial level achieved.

PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
For acceptable achievement, all items should receive a Yes No N/A
"Yes" or "N/A" response.
Make a simple circuit based on the required specifications.

Use appropriate electrical symbols.

Indicate specification of electronic symbols.
Observe PPE and HSP according to industry standard.
Use correct method of connection according to specification
requirements and safety.
Follow correct sequence operation according to job
specifications.
Check electronic components according to specifications and
tasks

41
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Copyright Department of Education 2008

First Published JUNE 2008

This module was based on the Competency-Based Curriculum-Contextual

Learning Matrix (CBC-CLM) and finalized on the Instructional Modules
Finalization Development Workshop Conducted at the Development Academy of
the Philippines, Tagaytay City, on May 6-10, 2008

This learning instrument was developed by the following personnel:

Technology Teachers:

 Mr. Victorino P. Diola

Bauan Technical high School
 Dr. Gilbert M. Castor
Don Alejandro Roces Sr. Science Tech.
 Mr. Eddielou L. Dayao
Sanchez Mira School of Arts and Trades
Contextual Teachers
 Mr. Rufo G. Malla
E. Rodriguez Vicational High School
 Mr. Sherwin P. Medrano
San Pedro Relocation Center National High School
 Mr. Remar C. Pinsoy
Baguio National School of Arts and Trades

Contextual Teacher

 Mrs. Daisy Carousel P. Cervantes – English

Don Alejandro Roces Sr. Science Tech.

Facilitator:

 Dr. Edward M. De la Rosa

 Dr. Corazon L. Echano
Tech-Voc Task Force

Encoders:

 Mr. Mhariel L. Echano

 Mrs. Rosario D. Briones
 Mr. Jason O. Villena

Funding:
Department of Education