Thermodynamic cycles

STUDENTS NAME: Luís Fernando Parada Pérez 18151434

PROFESSOR: MC Israel de Jesus Gómez
DATE: 01-OCTOBER-2021
WHAT IS THE THERMODYNAMIC CYCLES?

Thermodynamic cycle is any series of thermodynamic

processes such that, in the course of all of them, the system
returns to its initial state; that is, the variation of the
thermodynamic magnitudes of the system is canceled.
 FIRST LAW OF
THERMODYNAMICS
The first law of thermodynamics dictates that the net input of heat is equal to the net
output of work during any cycle.

The increase in the internal energy of a closed system is equal to the heat supplied to the
system minus the work done by it.

IntE int = Q – W

This is the first law of thermodynamics and is the principle of conservation of energy,
meaning that energy can be created or destroyed, but rather transformed into various forms
as the fluid is being studied within the control volume.
 CLASSIFICATION
The following classification of thermodynamic cycles is made according to
their constituent thermodynamic processes. In practice, simple idealized
thermodynamic cycles are usually composed of four thermodynamic
processes. In general, the following processes usually constitute
thermodynamic cycles:

• Adiabatic process
• Isothermal process
• Isobaric process
• Isochoric process
 COMPARATIVE TABLE
THERMODYNAMICS CYCLES
CYCLES DIAGRAM PRINCIPAL CHATRACTERISTICS
CARNOT No motor can be more efficient than a reversible motor (a Carnot heat engine)
that operates between the same high-temperature and low-temperature
reservoirs.
The efficiencies of all reversible motors (Carnot heat engines) operating
between the same constant temperature reservoirs are the same, regardless of
the working substance employed or the operating details.
The cycle of this engine is called the Carnot cycle. A system that undergoes a
Carnot cycle is called a Carnot heat engine. It is not a real thermodynamic
cycle, but it is a theoretical construction and cannot be built in practice.

OTTO The Otto engine cycle is called the Otto cycle. It is one of the most common
thermodynamic cycles that can be found in car engines and describes the
operation of a typical spark-ignition piston engine. Unlike the Carnot cycle, the
Otto cycle does not execute isothermal processes, as these must be performed
very slowly. In an ideal Otto cycle, the system that executes the cycle
undergoes a series of four internally reversible processes: two isentropic
(reversible adiabatic) processes alternated with two isocratic processes.
DIESEL The diesel cycle is one of the most common thermodynamic
cycles that can be found in car engines and describes the
operation of a typical compression-ignition piston engine. The
Diesel engine is similar in operation to the gasoline engine. The
most important difference is that:
• There is no fuel in the cylinder at the beginning of the
compression stroke, therefore, there is no auto-ignition in
the Diesel engines.
• The diesel engine uses compression ignition instead of spark
ignition.
• Higher compression ratios can be achieved in Diesel engines
than in Otto engines

BRAYTON It is one of the most common thermodynamic cycles that can be

found in gas turbine power plants or airplanes. Unlike the Carnot
cycle, the Brayton cycle does not execute isothermal processes,
as these must be performed very slowly. In an ideal Brayton
cycle, the system that executes the cycle undergoes a series of
four processes: two isentropic (reversible adiabatic) processes
alternated with two isobaric processes.

RANKINE One of the main advantages of the Rankine cycle is that the
compression process in the pump takes place in a liquid. By
condensing the working steam in a liquid (inside a condenser),
the pressure at the turbine outlet is reduced and the energy
required by the feed pump consumes only 1% to 3% of the turbine
output power and these factors contribute to higher efficiency
for the cycle.
 CONCLUSION
The typical thermodynamic cycle consists of a series of thermodynamic
processes that transfer heat and work. There are many types of
thermodynamic cycles such as carnot, otto, diesel etc. each with
different specifications thus being more suitable for a specified job. In
general, thermodynamics is the science that deals with the production,
storage, transfer and conversion of energy.

BIBLIOGTRAPHY
Educación a Distancia | ITA. (2021). Consultado el 29 de septiembre de 2021,
desde
http://cloud.aguascalientes.tecnm.mx/moodle/pluginfile.php/483146/mod_r
esource/content/1/Thermodynamic%20cycles.pdf

(2021). Consultado el 29 de septiembre de 2021, desde

https://www.thermal-engineering.org/es/que-son-los-ciclos-termodinamicos-
definicion/