TORDILLO ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER MECHANICAL ENGINEERING REVIEW DIESEL POWER PLANT

Diesel Power Plant (Lecture Examples) A. 0.327 C. 0.307 12. A dynamometer test was done for one hour at
1. What is meant by brake horsepower? B. 0.367 D. 0.357 steady load on a 6 cylinder diesel engine. It was 6. An engine burns a liter of fuel each 12 minutes. The fuel
A. power developed in the engine cylinder found to use 12 kg fuel having a heating value of has specific gravity of 0.8, and a heating value of 45 MJ/kg.
B final horsepower delivered to the equipment 7. A Diesel engine consumed 400 liters of fuel having a Determine the engine efficiency if the brake horsepower of
42,000 J/g. Cylinder is 22.8 cm x 27.3 cm, 4 stroke
C. actual horsepower delivered to the engine drive density of 860 gms/liter and a heating value of 42,500 the engine is 25 hp.
kJ/kg. If the thermal efficiency is 35%, how many hp-hrs
cycle type. Speed, 550 rpm and dynamometer torque A. 37.3% * C. 24.7%
shaft at 27,000 kg-cm. Determine the brake thermal
D. work required to raise a weight of 33,000 pounds at a will be generated? B. 19.7% D. 33.7%
A. 1678 C. 1812 efficiency and the brake mean effective pressure.
height of one foot in one minute time
B. 2152 D. 1905 7. Leaking of fluid between a cylinder and its piston during
PRACTICE PROBLEMS: operation.
2. The power output of an engine is increased through 8. There are developed 1063 kW at 267 rpm by an 8 1. A single acting, 4 cylinder, 4 stroke cycle diesel engine A. scavenging C. blow by *
(ME Bd. Problem) cylinder 2 – stroke cycle, 40.64 x 50.8 cm diesel engine that with a bore to stroke of 22 x 28 cm, operating at 275 rpm, B. back pressure D. turbo charging
A. Scavenging 0
uses 4.94 kg per min of fuel with a heating value of 42,571 uses fuel with 28 API. The load on the brake arm, which is
B. Supercharging kJ per kg. The average indicated mep is 562 kPa. 90 cm is 120 kg. What is the brake mean effective 8. Volume displaced by each piston moving form bottom-
C. Turbocharging Determine: pressure in kPa. dead center to top-dead center multiplied by the number of
D. All of these A. Brake thermal efficiency A. 312.71 * C. 512.71 cylinder.
B. Indicated thermal efficiency B. 412.17 D. 612.71 A. engine displacement * C. clearance volume
3. An 850-kwh diesel generating unit has a generator C. Mechanical efficiency B. cut-off volume D. maximum volume
efficiency of 90 percent. If the mass of the fuel is 209 2. A waste heat recovery boiler is being considered to
kilograms, then compute for the engine fuel rate? (ME Bd. 9. A 3,000 kw diesel generating unit gave the following recover 50% of heat from the exhaust gas of a 1800 kw 9. Removal of spent gases from an internal combustion
Problem) performance values: diesel engine. Estimate the amount of steam produced in engine cylinder and replacement by a fresh change in air.
A. 3.8 kg/kwh C. 2.5 kg/kwh kg/hr if the engine burns dodecane, C12H26 in 30% excess
Fuel rate, 1.5 bbl for 900 kw-hr of 250API fuel A. blow by C. scavenging *
B. 0.22 kg/kwh D. 0.44 kg/kwh air and the brake fuel rate is 0.22 kg/kw-hr. The ambient air B. supercharging D. induction
Mechanical efficiency – 82% 0
Generator efficiency – 92% temperature is 30 C and the exhaust gas temperature is
4. A single-acting, four cylinder, 4-stroke cycle diesel 0 0
400 C with a mean specific heat of 0.255 kcal/kg- C. The 10. What is the effect of altitude on engine power?
engine with a bore to stroke of 21.59 x 27.94 cm, operating Calculate:
waste heat boiler is estimated to have a factor of A. high altitude increase engine power
at 275 rpm, consumes 8.189 kg/hr of fuel whose heating a) Engine fuel rate
evaporation of 1.15. B. high altitude means high air density because of lowered
value is 43,961.4 kJ/kg. The indicated mean effective b) Engine – generator fuel rate A. 618 * C. 725 air pressure
pressure is 475.7 kPa. The load on the brake arm, which is c) Indicated thermal efficiency B. 685 D. 749 C. less air density means more air for burning fuel
93.98 cm is 113.4 kg. What is the brake mean effective d) Over – all thermal efficiency D. high altitude reduces power *
pressure in kPa? (ME Bd. Problem) e) Brake thermal efficiency 3. A 20 mm x 35 mm diesel engine with 4 cylinders and
A. 415.20 C. 319.95 operating on a four stroke, has a rated power of 100 hp and 11. Brake mean effective pressure is higher than
B. 124.17 D. 645.53 10. An 8 cylinder V- type diesel engine, four stroke is running at 250 rpm. Find the volume displacement per theoretical mean effective pressure on account of:
cycle, 514 rpm, 400 mm bore x 460 mm stroke is brakepower developed. A. engine high speed
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5. 5. A diesel engine operating under constant load directly coupled to a 5500 kw, AC generator, 13,800 A. 0.746 m /min-kw C. 0.0901 m /min-kw B. poor cooling system
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uses 1344 lb of crude oil per day of 24 hours. Heating volts, 3 phase, 60 cycles and 93% efficiency. B. 0.901 m /min-kw D. 0.0736 m /min-kw * C. high compression ratio
value of oil is 19,000 Btu/lb. Mechanical efficiency is a) Calculate BHP of the diesel engine D. engine friction losses *
73%, brake thermal efficiency is 20% Find: b) Calculate brake mean effective pressure in kg/cm2 4. A 250 mm x 380 mm cylinder, 4-stroke and 4-cylinder
a) Amount of oil required per brake horsepower per c) The unit uses bunker oil with 170 API and the fuel engine running at 360 rpm. Determine the engine rate in
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12. How does the expansion of cylinder wall relieve piston
hour. economy is 4 kw per liter of fuel oil, calculate the kw if the engine displacement per brake power is 0.005 m friction?
b) Brake horsepower. combine heat rate in kcal/kw –hr. per kw-sec. A. by reducing clearance space between cylinder wall and
c). Indicated Horsepower. A. 10 C. 45 * piston
B. 15 D. 60 B. by increasing clearance space between cylinder wall and
11. A 305 mm x 457 mm, four cylinder, four stroke,
6. A supercharged six-cylinder four stroke cycle diesel single acting diesel engine is rated at 150 KW at 260 piston *
engine of 10.48 cm bore and 12.7 cm stroke has a 5. A diesel generating set consumes 500 liters of fuel C. by increasing temperature of cylinder water jacket
RPM. Fuel consumption at rated load is 0.26 kg/KW- during one hour operation and produces 1450 kw power. D. by reducing temperature cylinder water jacket
compression ratio of 15. When it is tested on a
dynamometer with a 53.34 cm arm at 2500 rpm, the scale
hr with a heating value of 43,912 kJ/kg. The density of fuel used is 0.83 kg/liter. Determine the
reads 81.65 kg, 2.86 kg of fuel of 45,822.20 kJ/kg heating Calculate: specific fuel consumption of the diesel generating set in kg 13. In a low speed engine, which of the following may
value are burned during a 6 min test, and air metered to the a. Brake mean effective pressure in KPa. per kw-hr. cause black smoky exhaust?
3 A. 0.286 * C. 1.34
cylinders at the rate of 0.182 kg/s. Find the brake thermal b. Engine displacement in ft /min – BHP. A. too heavy oil C. too high fuel pressure
efficiency. c. Brake thermal efficiency. B. 0.221 D. 2.82 B. too much lubricating oil D. too light fuel *
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 TORDILLO ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER
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27 C, and fuel, with a heating value of 43 000 kJ/kg, enters
14. An important factor to be considered in designing at the same temperature. The maximum temperature is
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exhaust systems for diesel engines. 2100 K. Cooling water enters the engine at 21 C and
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A. arrangements of external systems to minimize back leaves at 43 C with a flow of 27 kg water/kg fuel. For a six-
pressure * cylinder engine with a bore and stroke of 9 X 9 cm and a
B. proper filtration of exhaust gas to eliminate odors compression ratio of 7.5, determine (a) the fuel/air ratio; (b)
C. baffling to eliminate exhaust noise the fuel flow rate; (c) the power produced; (d) the water flow
D. provide exhaust gas to recovery system rate
Ans. 0.0275 kg fuel/kg air; 0.316 kg/min, 90 kW, 8.5
15. This term refers to a controlled device which can stop kg/min.
at any point in its stroke and can be reverted without
completing its stroke. 22. An eight-cylinder Diesel engine with a bore and stroke
A. automatic C. turbo-wheel of 10 X 10 cm operates at 2000 rpm. Dodecane (C12H26)
B. governor D. floating action * fuel is used with 80% excess air. The air enters the engine
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at 100 kPa and 37 C and is compressed to 3.0 MPa. The
16. Area of the indicator card multiplied by the scale of heat loss from the engine is one-third of the work produced.
indicator spring divided by the length of indicator card is Determine {a) the compression ratio; (b) the fuel
known as: consumption; {c) the thermal efficiency; (d) the power
A. brake horsepower produced; (e) the engine-cooling water required if the water
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B. average horsepower enters at 21 C and leaves at 49 C.
C. indicated power Ans. 11.4, 0.00435 kg/s, 34.7%, 60.4 kW, 0.257 kg/s
D. mean effective pressure *
23. A four-cylinder, four-cycle Diesel engine has a bore
17. Actual work of the system multiplied by work of the and stroke of 30 X 53 cm and operates at 250 rpm. The fuel
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corresponding ideal system raised to the power of negative is natural gas with a heating value of 37200 kJ/m ,
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one is known as: measured at 25 C and 1 atm pressure. The theoretical
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A. thermal efficiency C. brake efficiency air/fuel ratio is 10.3 m air/m gas. At full load, the engine
B. system efficiency D. engine efficiency * requires 25% excess air. The indicated thermal efficiency is
25%, and the mechanical efficiency is 75%. Determine (a)
18. Which of the following belongs to the fuel injection the full-load power; (b) the full-load fuel consumption in
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system of the diesel engine? m /s; (c) the brake mean effective pressure at full load.
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A. exhaust pipe C. exciter Ans. 225.5 kW, 0.02424 m /s, 541 kPa
B. starter D. nozzles *
24. A Diesel engine develops 750 kW at 200 rpm when
19. The type of vibration which is caused by fluctuating the ambient pressure is 100 kPa and the temperature is
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vertical couples which tend to make the ends of the engine 11 C. The air/fuel ratio is 23 kg air/kg fuel, and 7.6 X10
rise and fall: kg/s of fuel is consumed per brake kW developed.
A. fault C. pitching * Determine for heating value of 43200 kJ/kg (a) the thermal
B. cling D. all of these efficiency and the fuel consumption for 52 kW if the thermal
efficiency is constant.
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20. An adiabatic four-stroke cycle, six-cylinder Diesel Ans. 30.4%; 3.958 x 10 kg/s
engine has a bore of 12 in. and a stroke of 15 in. and
operates at 500 rpm, receiving air at 90 deg F and 14.5 25. An engine has 14 cylinders with a 13.6-cm bore and a
psia. The compression ratio is 18, and the dodecane fuel is 15.2-cm stroke and develops 2850 kW at 250 rpm. The
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injected at IOO F with a ratio of 0.0444 Ibm fuel/ lbm air. Let clearance volume of each cylinder is 380 cm . Determine
k = 1.3 for products and reactants. Determine the thermal (a) the compression ratio; (b) the brake mean effective
efficiency and the power produced. power.
Ans. 52%; 1020.5 hp Ans. 6.8, 442.2 kPa
21. A test is run on a high-speed four-cycle spark-ignition 26. Calculate the bore and stroke of a six-cylinder engine
engine operating at 5000 rpm. Air enters at 100 kPa and that delivers 22.4 kW at 1800 rpm with a ratio of bore to
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MECHANICAL ENGINEERING REVIEW DIESEL POWER PLANT
stroke of 0.71. Assume the mean effective pressure in the value of fuels is 10550 kcal per kg. The engine is of four-
cylinder is 620 kPa and the mechanical efficiency is 85%. stroke cycle, and has 4 cylinder and the bore equals the
Ans. 18.5 x 26.1 cm stroke. The engine takes in 25 kg of air per kg of fuel and
the volumetric efficiency is 80%. Calculate the brake
27. A 20 cm x 35 cm diesel engine with 4 cylinders and thermal efficiency. Find also the bore and stroke.
operating on a four stroke, has a rated power of 160 kw and Ans. 31.29%, L = D = 12.66 cm
is running at 250 rpm. Find the volume displacement per
brakepower developed. 35. A diesel engine is of the four stroke cycle type has 6
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Ans. 0.0344 m /min-kw cycle 203.2 x 254 mm runs at 1200 rpm is single acting
under heavy loads. It operates with 24 kg of air per kg of
28. A 25 cm x 38 cm cylinder, 4-stroke and 4-cylinder fuel. Fuel heating value is 10,550 kcal per kg.
engine running at 260 rpm. The engine rate is 150 kw. A. If volumetric efficiency is 80%, compute the weight of
Determine the engine displacement per brake power. fuel used per hour, atmospheric conditions being 100 kPa
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Ans . 0.001 m /s/kw and 20 C.
B. If the theoretical air-fuel ratio for ideal combustion would
29. An engine b urns a liter of fuel each 12 minutes. The be 14.5. Compute the kcal per cu. m of change for actual
fuel has specific gravity of 0.8, and a heating value of 45 and theoretical air-fuel conditions.
MJ/kg. The engine has an efficiency of 25%. What is the C. If the efficiency is 35% on a brake basis, compute the
brake horsepower of the engine? brake power and the brake mean effective pressure.
Ans. 16.7
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Ans. (A). 70.5 kg/hr, (B). 522.66 kcal/m , 865.1 kcal/m ,
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30. A diesel generating set consumes 235 liters of fuel
(C). 612.57 kPa
during one hour operation and produces 900 kw power.
The density of fuel used is 0.8955 kg/liter. Determine the
specific fuel consumption of the diesel generating set in kg
per kw-hr.
Ans. 0.234
31. In a test laboratory, it was found out that of the 80 Bhp
developed by an engine on test, 45 Hp are absorbed by the
cooling water that is pumped through the water jacket and
the radiator. The water enters the top of the radiator at
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200 F. At that temperature, enthalpy of the water is 168.07
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Btu/lbm. Water leaves the bottom of the radiator at 190 F
and with an enthalpy of 158.03 Btu/lbm. What is the water
flow rate for a steady-state operation?
Ans. 23 gal/min
32. The thermal efficiency of a particular engine operating
on an ideal cycle is 35%. Calculate the heat supplied per
1200 watt-hr of work developed in kJ. (ME Bd. Problem)
Ans. 12,343 kJ/W-hr
33. A gasoline engine generates 250 kw while consuming
0.018 kg/sec of fuel. The friction power is 25 kw. The
higher heating value of the fuel is 44,600 kJ/kg. Calculate
the indicated thermal efficiency.
Ans. 0.347
34. A diesel engine uses 0.0025 kg per sec of fuel oil while
developing a torque of 275 N.m at 1200 rpm. The heating