TORDILLO ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER MECHANICAL ENGINEERING REVIEW FLUID MECHANICS

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FLUID MECHANICS LECTURE NOTES: kg/m , viscosity = 1.131 Pa-s. What is the Reynolds psig (210 kPa) to 5 psig (35 kPa) vacuum. Disregarding 26. Water flows through a multi sectional pipe placed
1. 100 g of water are mixed with 150 g of another fluid ( ρ = Number for this situation? friction, velocity, and other factors, the power generated is horizontally on the ground. The velocity is 3.0 m/s at the
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790 kg/m ). What is the specific volume of the resulting A. 2241 C. 3100 most nearly entrance and 2.1 m/s at the exit. What is the pressure
mixture, assuming that the volumes are additive and the B. 88.2 D. 1140 A. 110 hp (82 kW) C. 730 hp (540 kW) difference between these two points? Neglect friction.
mixture is homogeneous? B. 380 hp (280 kW) D. 920 hp (640 kW) A. 0.2 kPa C. 28 kPa
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A. 0.63 cm /g
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C. 0.88 cm /g 10. A leak from a faucet comes out in separate drops. Which B. 2.3 kPa D. 110 kPa
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B. 0.82 cm /g
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D. 1.20 cm /g of the following is the main cause of this phenomenon? 19. Oil with a specific gravity of 0.72 is used as the indicating
A. surface tension C. gravity fluid in a manometer. If the differential pressure across the 27. What is the head loss for water flowing through a
2. Which of the following does not affect the rise or fall of B. air resistance D. viscosity of fluid ends of the manometer is 7 kPa, what will be the difference horizontal pipe if the gage pressure at point 1 is 1.03 kPa, the
liquid in a small-diameter capillary tube? in oil levels in the manometer? gage pressure at point 2 downstream is 1.00 kPa, and the
A. adhesive forces C. surface tension 11. The ratio of the uniform triaxial stress, to the change in A. 0.23 m C. 0.53 m velocity is constant?
-3 -2
B. cohesive forces D. viscosity of the fluid volume at equal stress in all directions is: B. 0.44 m D. 1.0 m A. 3.1 x 10 m C. 2.3 x 10 m
A. modulus of flexure B. 3.1 x 10-2 m D. 2.3 m
3. The measurement of fluids resistance when acted upon B. modulus of rupture 20. What height of mercury column is equivalent to a
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by external force is: C. bulk modulus of elasticity pressure of 700 kPa? The density of mercury is 13500 kg/m . Supplementary Problem:
A. viscosity C. flash point D. coefficient of restitution A. 0.75 m C. 3.4 m
B. density D. tackiness B. 1.5 m D. 5.3 m Engine oil at 400C (ρ = 875 kg/m3) flow into a 2.5 cm
12. The reciprocal of bulk modulus of elasticity of any fluid is diameter horizontal pipe with a velocity of 1 m/s and exits
4. Kinematic viscosity is SI derived unit is described as: called: 21. A 2m tall, 0.5 m inside diameter tank is filled with water. A through a nozzle of 0.5 cm diameter. If the pressure drop
A. watt per meter Kelvin C. Pascal-second A. compressibility C. volume stress 10 cm hole is opened 0.75 m from the bottom of the tank. is 538 kN/m2, what must be the exit velocity.
B. sq. m per second D. Newton per meter B. volume strain D. shape factor What is the velocity of the exiting water? Ignore all orifice A. 35 m/s C. 30 m/s
losses. B. 25 m/s D. 20 m/s
5. Fluid which exhibits linear stress-strain rate relationship. 13. Water is flowing through a cast iron pipe at the rate of A. 4.75 m/s C. 4.85 m/s
If the shear stress in a fluid varies linearly with the velocity 3500 GPM. The inside diameter of pipe is 8 in. Find the B. 4.80 m/s D. 4.95 m/s
A perfect venturi with throat diameter of 1.8 inches is
gradient, which of the following describes the fluid? flow velocity. o placed horizontally in a pipe with a 5 in inside diameter.
A. It is a viscous fluid. A. 6.81 m/sec C. 1.70 m/sec 22. Each minute, 2750 kg of 15 C water are pumped
between two reservoirs through 55 m of 150 mm diameter Eighty (80) lbm of water flow through the pipe each
B. It is a less viscous fluid. B. 8.35 m/sec D. 105 m/sec second. What is the difference between the pipe and
C. It is a Newtonian fluid. pipe. The pipe has a Darcy friction factor of 0.02. The water
is moved vertically 13 m. The pump efficiency is 76%. What venturi throat static pressure?
D. None of the above. 14. Calculate the discharge in liters per second through a 5
is the friction loss over the entire length of the pipe? A. 29.9 lbf/in2 C. 5020 lbf/in2
in diameter orifice under a head of 7.6 of water. Assume
6. Air is considered to be an ideal gas with a specific gas A. 0.96 m C. 2.1 m B. 34.8 lbf/in2 D. 72.3 lbf/in2
coefficient of discharge of 0.65.
o
constant of 53.3 ft-lbf/lbm – R (287 J/kg-K) . What is most A. 78 C. 77 B. 1.7 m D. 2.5 m
o o
nearly the kinetic viscosity of air at 80 F (27 C) and 70 psia 28. The hydraulic radius is
B. 1547 D. 100
µ
o
-5 23. Each minute, 2750 kg of 15 C water are pumped A. the mean radius of the pipe
(480 kPa)? Use = 1.854 x 10 Pa-s.
between two reservoirs through 55 m of 150 mm diameter B. the radius of the pipe bend on the line
-5 2 -6
A. 3.5 x 10 ft /sec (3.0 x 10 m /s)
2 15. Find the pressure at the bottom of the brine tank 4
pipe. The pipe has a Darcy friction factor of 0.02. The water C. the wetted perimeter of a conduit divided by the area flow
-5 2 -6
B. 4.0 x 10 ft /sec (4.0 x 10 m /s)
2 meters deep. Specific gravity of brine equals 1.03. Give
is moved vertically 13 m. The pump efficiency is 76%. What D. the cross-sectional fluid are divided by the wetted
-5 2 -6
C. 5.0 x 10 ft /sec (5.0 x 10 m /s)
2 answer in kPa.
power must be delivered to the pump? perimeter.
-5 2 -6
D. 6.0 x 10 ft /sec(6.0 x 10 m /s)
2 A. 20.44 kPa C. 30.22 kPa
B. 40.42 kPa D. 34.24 kPa A. 7.6 kW C. 28 kW
B. 9.2 kW D. 42 kW 29. A rectangular flume is 13 cm wide and 7 cm high.
7. Which of the following is dimensionless? The freeboard is 25 percent of the flume height. What is
A. absolute viscosity C. Reynolds number 16. A mercury manometer is used to measure a pressure
difference across an orifice meter in a water line. The 24. Any two point along a stream line in an ideal fluid in the hydraulic radius?
B. kinematic viscosity D. shear modulus steady state flow, the sum of pressure, the potential energy A. 2.3 cm C. 3.2 cm
difference in mercury levels is 7 in (17.8 cm). The pressure
o differential is most nearly per unit volume and the kinetic energy per unit volume has B. 2.9 cm D. 3.4 cm
8. The mean velocity of 40 C water in a 44.7 mm inside the same value. This concept is known as the:
diameter) tube is 1.5 m/s. The kinetic viscosity is v = 6.58 x A. 1.7 psi (12 kPa) C. 7.9 psi (55 kPa)
-7 2 B. 3.2 psi (22 kPa) D. 23 psi (160 kPa) A. Pascal’s Theorem 30. The loss of weight of a body submerged in a fluid is:
10 m /s. What is the Reynolds number? B. Bernoulli’s Energy Theorem
3 4 A. proportional to the weight of the body
A. 8.13 x 10 C. 9.06 x 10 2 C. Fluid Theory
3 5 17. Convert 20 mm of water into N/m . B. proportional to the depth of the submerged
B. 8.54 x 10 D. 1.02 x 10 D. Hydraulic Theorem
A. 619 C. 691 C. equal to the weight of the fluid displaced
D. independent of the volume of the body
9. Water is flowing in a pipe with radius of 25.4 cm at a B. 196 D. 916
25. The sum of the three types of energy at any point in the
velocity of 5 m/s at the temperature in the pipe. The density 3 3 system is called:
and viscosity of the water are as follows: density = 997.9 18. 100 ft /sec (2.6 m /s ) of water passes through a A. pressure heads C. enthalpy
horizontal turbine. The water’s pressure is reduced from 30
B. Bernoulli’s Theorem D. internal energy
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 TORDILLO ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER MECHANICAL ENGINEERING REVIEW FLUID MECHANICS

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31. A 24 inch long rod floats vertically in water. It has a 1 A. 35 m/s * D. 27183 cm /s * C. 245 *
sq. inch cross section and has a specific gravity of 0.6. B. 30 m/s D. 770
What length, L is submerged? C. 25 m/s 13. Oil flow through a 30 tubes condenser with a velocity of
A. 14.4 in C. 9.6 in D. 20 m/s 1.75 m/s. The internal diameter of tube is 20 mm an oil 20. The value of the coefficient of viscosity of air at 19.2 deg
B. 2.4 in D. 18.0 in density is 0.90 gm/mL. Find the volume flow in liters per C is 1.828 x 10-4 poises (g/cm-sec). The equivalent value,
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6. The density of water is typically taken as 62.3 lbm/ft . For second. expressed in pounds per foot-second, is closest to:
-2
32. A solid right circular cylinder is vertically submerged engineering problems where greater accuracy is not A. 16.5 * A. 1.23 x 10
3 -3
in saltwater. Due to the buoyant force, the cylinder required, what is the value in kg/m ? B. 11.6 B. 1.02 x 10
-3
A. 999 C. 15.6 C. 5.57 x 10
floated upright with 6.0 cm extending above the water -5
B. 997.4 * D. 9.4 D. 1.23 x 10 *
surface. Dimensions of the cylinder are 10 cm in
C. 1000
diameter and 18 cm in height. The density of saltwater is D. 1.4 14. Convert 30 mm of water into N/m .
2
21. A fluid flows at a constant velocity in a pipe. The fluid
1020 kg/m3. Calculate the density of the cylinder in A. 196 completely fills the pipe, and the Reynolds number is such
kg/m3. 2
7. What is the sea level (g = 32.2 ft/sec ) specific weight B. 310 that the flow is laminar. If all other parameters remain
A. 440 C. 780 3 3
(lbf/ft ) of liquids with densities of 65.5 lbm/ft ? C. 294 * unchanged and the viscosity of the fluid is decreased a
B. 548 D. 680 A. 32.2 D. 470 significant amount, one would generally expect the flow to:
B. 42.2 A. not change
PRACTICE PROBLEMS: C. 65.5 * 15. The specific gravity of the substance is 1.05. Determine B. become more laminar
D. 76.7 the specific weight of the substance in lbs per cu. ft. Density C. become turbulent *
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1. The measurement of fluids resistance when acted upon by of water is 1000 kg/m . D. increase
external force is: 8. An iron block weighs 10.5 N and has a volume of 400 A. 42.4
A. viscosity * cubic centimeters. What is the density of the block? B. 55.6 22. An instrument used for measuring specific gravity of
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B. flash point A. 2478 kg/m C. 50.2 fluids:
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C. density B. 2889 kg/m D. 65.5 * A. hygrometer
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D. tackiness C. 2676 kg/m * B. flowmeter
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D. 3015 kg/m 16. Determine the mean velocity of an engine oil at 60 deg C C. hydrometer *
2. It is an increased pressure developed on impact with a flowing at 0.01 kg/s through a square duct 1 cm x 1 cm in D. psychrometer
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pitot tube as a result of localized kinetic energy reduction to 9. If the density of a gas is 0.003 slugs per cubic ft, what is cross section. At 60 deg C density is 864 kg/m .
zero. the specific weight of the gas? A. 0.1157 m/s * 23. What is the density of the stone if the stone weighs 19.9
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A. critical pressure A. 9.04 N/m B. 0.2263 m/s lbf (88 N) in air and 12.4 lbf (55 N) in water?
3 3
B. saturation pressure B. 76.3 N/m C. 0.1517 m/s A. 2655 kg/m *
3 3
C. stagnation pressure * C. 15.2 N/m * D. 0.2630 m/s B. 2620 kg/m
3 3
D. vacuum pressure D. 98.1 N/m C. 2710 kg/m
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17. A water main with 24 inches inside diameter carries a D. 2700 kg/m
3. In fluids flow, if the fluid travels parallel to the adjacent 10. The specific gravity of mercury relative to water is 13.55. flow of 20 cu. ft/sec. If the friction factor is 0.02 and the pump
layers and the paths of individual particles do not cross, the What is the specific weight of mercury? The specific weight is 85% efficient, how much horsepower is required to pump 24. Steam with an enthalpy of 800 kcal/kg enters nozzle at a
flow is said to be: of water is 62.4 lbf per cubic foot. the water through 10,000 ft of pipeline? velocity of 80 m/sec. Find the velocity of the steam at the
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A. uniform A. 82.2 kN/m A. 140 exit of the nozzle if its enthalpy is reduced to 750 kcal/kg,
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B. turbulent B. 132.9 kN/m * B. 168 * assuming the nozzle is horizontal and disregarding heat
3 2
C. laminar * C. 102.3 kN/m C. 156 losses. Take g = 9.81 m/s and J constant = 427 kg-
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D. critical D. 150.9 kN/m D. 250 m/kcal.
A. 561.24 m/s
4. It is an increased pressure developed on impact with a 11. If the specific weight of liquid is 583.5 lbf/cubid foot, what 18. The theoretical head required to push water through and B. 52.41 m/s
pitot tube as a result of localized kinetic energy reduction to is the specific volume of the liquid? orifice at 15 m/sec is closest to: C. 142.5 m/s
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zero. A. 1.0657 cm /g * A. 9.8 m D. 652.14 m/s *
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A. critical pressure B. 0.6748 cm /g B. 12.7 m
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B. stagnation pressure * C. 0.9504 cm /g C. 11.5 m * 25. A perfect venturi with throat diameter of 1.8 inches is
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C. saturation pressure D. 0.5321 cm /g D. 22.9 m placed horizontally in a pipe with a 5 in inside diameter.
D. vacuum pressure Eighty (80) lbm of water flow through the pipe each second.
12. What is the flow rate through a pipe 4 inches in diameter 19. Water is flowing through a 2 inches diameter pipe at a What is the difference between the pipe and venturi throat
5. Engine oil at 40 C (ρ = 875 kg/m ) flow into a 2.5 cm carrying water at a velocity of 11 ft/s?
0 3
rate of 25 ft/sec. The rate of flow, in US gallon per minute, is static pressure?
diameter horizontal pipe with a velocity of 1 m/s and exits A. 726 cm3/s closest to: A. 29.9 lbf/in
2
3 2
through a nozzle of 0.5 cm diameter. If the pressure drop is B. 19184 cm /s A. 200 B. 5020 lbf/in
2 3 2
538 kN/m , what must be the exit velocity. C. 993 cm /s B. 310 C. 34.8 lbf/in *
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D. 72.3 lbf/in How many liters of water will flow out of the pipe in 120 46. 4. Water flows through a 10-cm diameter, 100 m long
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seconds assuming the pipe is horizontal? 39. What is the density of a stone in kg/m that weighs 90 N connecting two reservoirs with an elevation difference of 40
26. Determine the friction head loss for fully developed A. 586.2 liters in air and 50 N in water? m. the average velocity is 6 m/s. Neglecting minor losses,
laminar flow of ethylene glycol at 40 C (ρ = 1101 kg/m ) B. 786.2 liters
0 3
A. 2259 * the friction factor is:
through a 5 cm diameter, 50 m long pipe, if friction factor is C. 886.2 liters B. 2502 A. 0.020 *
0.242 and a flowrate of 0.1 kg/s. D. 986.2 liters * C. 2205 B. 0.024
A. 6.42 m D. 2270 C. 0.022
B. 3.46 m 33. Determine the friction head loss for fully developed D. 0.026
laminar flow of a liquid at 40 C (ρ = 1202 kg/m ) through a 8
0 3
C. 2.64 m * 40. Kinematic viscosity may be expressed as:
2
D. 5.32 m cm diameter, 75 m long pipe, if friction factor is 0.195 and a A. ft /sec * 47. A 1.5 m pipe stands vertically with 0.08 m top diameter
flow rate of 2 kg/s. B. slugs/sec and 0.04 bottom diameter. If the water flow rate is 0.020
2 3
27. A 30 inches long rod floats vertically in water. It has a 2.5 A. 1.02 m * C. sec /ft m /s, find the pressure difference at the top and bottom.
2
sq. inch cross section and has a specific gravity of 0.72. B. 1.20 m D. sec /cm A. 104 kPa *
What length, L that is floating? C. 2.02 m B. 220 kPa
A. 21.6 in D. 3.20 m 41. An open chamber rests on the ocean floor in 160 ft of C. 300 kPa
B. 8.4 in * seawater (SG = 1.03). What air pressure in psig must be D. 901 kPa
C. 11.6 in 34. Air at atmospheric pressure and with a mean velocity of maintained inside to exclude water?
0
D. 18.4 in 1.0 m/s, flows inside a square section duct of side b = 4 cm. A. 45.6 48. Steam enters a turbine in a 20-cm pipe at 600 C and 6
3 0 3
28. A steel block weighs 10 N and has volume of 300 cm . If the air temperature is 350 K, determine the Reynolds B. 71.4 * Mpa (v = 0.06525 m /kg). It exist from a 5-cm pipe at 20 kPa
3 0 -6 2 3
What is the density of the block in kg/m ? Number. (at 350 K viscosity = 20.76 x 10 m /s). C. 60.9 with x = 1 (V g = 7.649 m /kg). What is the velocity ratio?
3
A. 2398 kg/m A. Re = 1296.8 D. 93.2 A. 1875 *
3
B. 3398 kg/m * B. Re = 1926.8 * B. 1210
3
C. 4398 kg/m C. Re = 1629.8 42. What head in feet of air, at ambient conditions of 14.7 C. 1640
3 o
D. 5398 kg/m D. Re = 1962.8 psia and 68 F, is equivalent to 2 psia? D. 320
A. 146
29. 200 g of water are mixed with 230 g of alcohol (d = 790 35. If the absolute pressure at the bottom of the ocean is 300 B. 288 49. Given the velocity of 10 m/s. Compute the velocity head
kg/cu.m). What is the specific volume of its resulting kPa, how deep is the water at this point? C. 395 in m.
mixtures, assuming that the fluids mix completely? A. 16.66 m D. 3830 * A. 6.2
3
A. 1.14 cm /g * B. 19.66 m * B. 8.0
3
B. 1.41 cm /g C. 29.66 m 43. An open topped cylindrical water tank has a horizontal C. 5.1 *
3
C. 2.14 cm /g D. 39.66 m circular base 10 ft in diameter. When filled to a height of 8
3
D. 3.14 cm /g feet, the force in lbs exerted on its base is nearest to: 50. What differential pressure, in pascals, exists at the
36. A perfect venture with throat diameter of 2 in is placed A. 3,900 bottom of a 3.0 m vertical wall if the temperature inside is
0 0
30. Water flows with a mean velocity of 3.2 m/s inside a horizontally in a pipe with a 6 in pipe diameter. What is the B. 10,000 20 C and outside it is -20 C. Assume equal pressures at the
circular pipe of 4 cm radius. The bulk mean temperature of difference in static pressure if water flows 100 lb per second? C. 7,800 top.
water is 60 C at this temperature ρ = 985 kg/m and viscosity A. 247.2 kPa *
0 3
D. 39,200 * A. 15
-4
= 4.71 x 10 kg/m-s. What is the Reynolds Number? B. 242.7 kPa B. 8
5
A. Re = 2.35 x 10 C. 274.3 kPa 44. A gas bubble rising from the ocean floor is 1 inch in C. 12
5
B. Re = 3.35 x 10 D. 224.7 kPa diameter at a depth of 50 feet. Given that sp. gravity of sea D. 6 *
5
C. Re = 4.35 x 10 water is 1.03, the buoyant force in lbs being exerted on the
5
D. Re = 5.35 x 10 * 37. What is the water pressure if manometer is 0.8 m Hg? bubble at this instant is nearest to: ********the end******
Mercury is 13.6 times heavier than water. A. 0.014
31. An oil at 50 C (ρ = 890 kg/m ) flow into a 3 cm diameter
0 3
A. 106.73 kPa * B. 0.076
horizontal pipe with a velocity of 1.75 m/s and exits through a B. 110.55 kPa C. 0.020 *
nozzle of 0.75 cm diameter. If the pressure drop is 600 C. 107.99 kPa D. 0.14
2
kN/m , what must be the exit velocity. D. 120.22 kPa
A. 16.76 m/s 45. In fluid flow, if the fluid travels parallel to the adjacent
B. 26.76 m/s 38. Water is flowing in a pipe with radius of 25.4 cm and a layers and the paths of individual particles do not cross, the
C. 36.76 m/s * velocity of 10 m/s. The viscosity of water is 1.131 Pa-s. flow is said to be:
D. 46.76 m/s What is the Reynold’s Number? A. laminar *
A. 4492 * B. critical
32. Water flows through a pipe of cross sectional area of 20 B. 4429 C. turbulent
2 2
cm . At end section the cross sectional area is 4 cm . The C. 2449 D. dynamic
pressure difference between the two sections is 202.6 kPa. D. 2944
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