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34 Dynamics of structures

,i
I
, {a + 26lsinOES

(b)

(c)

Figure E2.4 Formulation of the equations of equilibrium by tfie principle of virtual displacement:
(a) A-frame in equilibrium; (b) virural displacements; (c) free body diagrams.

In a similar manner, the horizontal distance of B from A is (a + b)cos @, and changes by


-(a blsin1 S@. The horizontal distance to D from a vertical axis at A is a cos / and this changes
+
by -asin1Sg as @ increases by d@. The horizootal distance to E from the vertical axis at A is
(a+Zblcosfl. This changes by -(a+2blsinf 30.
Since we have replaced the spring by a pair of forces, the resulting system consists of rigid
bodies and the simpler form of the virtual work equation (Eq. 2.721can be used, giving

*W(a+ 6)cosddd * X(-asindddl + X(a + Zblsir,s 6S * H{a * D)sinddd : 0 (c)

Equation c gives

*:Wcotd*"# (d)

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