Food: Where Does It Come From ?: Worksheet-1

CHAPTER
SECTION
B
1 FOOD : WHERE DOES IT COME FROM ?
WORKSHEET-1
Ans. 1 : There are following ways to avoid wastage of food :
(i) Food should be preserved in refrigerator.
(ii) Extra amount of food should not be cooked. 1×2=2
Ans. 2 : No, everyone around us does not get enough food to eat because of following reasons :
(i)
Lack of food
(ii)
Poverty
(iii)
Poor people can not afford to buy enough food for themselves. 1×3=3
Ans. 3 : Leaves and fruits are the main sources of our food as parts of a plant. However, roots, stems and flowers
are also considered as sources of our food in some plants.
Part of plant which gives

Items/Ingredients
us the ingredient
Brinjal Fruits
Chilli as spice Fruits
Oil from groundnut, mustard, soyabean, any other Seed
plants
Rice Seed
Wheat Seed
Spinach Leaves 4
Ans. 4 : No, all living beings do not need the same kind of food. Living organisms have different eating habits.
On the basis of eating habits, living organisms are categorised as :
(i) Herbivores — which eat plants or plant products.
(ii) Carnivores — which eat other animals.
(iii) Omnivores — which eat both plants and animals. 1+3=4
Ans. 5 : Some common food items, their ingredients and sources are listed below :
S. No. Food items Major ingredients Sources

(a) Rice Raw rice Plant
Water Tap/River
(b) Chapati Wheat flour Plant
Water Tap/River
(c) Omelette Egg Animal
Onion Plant
Chillies Plant
Oil Plant
Salt Sea water
(d) Idli Rice Plant
Urad dal Plant
Salt Sea water
S O L U T I ON S P-1
Water Tap/River
(e) Vegetable soup Vegetables Plant
Water Tap/River
Salt Sea water
Oil Plant
Spices Plant
(f) Dal Raw dal Plants
Oil Plants
Ghee Animals
Spices Plants
Salt Sea water
Water Tap/River 4
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WORKSHEET-2
Ans. 1 : The correct matching is :
S. Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’

No.
(i) Milk, curd, paneer, ghee (b) are all animal products
(ii) Spinach, cauliflower, carrot (a) are vegetables
(iii) Lions and tigers (d) eat other animals
(iv) Herbivores (c) eat plants and plant products ½×4=2
Ans. 2 : The tiny white structures have grown out of the seeds wrapped in a piece of wet cloth. The seeds are
said to be sprouted and the process is known as sprouting. The sprouts contain nutrients which make
seeds healthy snacks. 2
Ans. 3 : (a) carnivore
(b) herbivore
(c) plant
(d) milk
(e) sugarcane 3
Ans. 4 :
Plants Edible parts of Plant

Radish Root
Spinach Leaf
Rice Seed
Brinjal Fruit
Potato Stem 3
Ans. 5 : Some of the animals along with the food they eat are given as below :
Name of the animal Food (the animal eats)
Cow Grass, chapati, oil cake, grains, vegetables
P-2 S C I E N C E - VI
Buffalo Grass, oil cake, hay and grains
Cat Rats, small animals, birds and milk
Rat Grains and cloth
Tiger Flesh of other animals
Lion Flesh of other animals
Lizard Insects
Butterfly Nectar from flowers
Crow Grains and flesh
Human beings Chapati, egg and flesh
Table :
Herbivores Carnivores Omnivores
(Eat only plants or plant products) (Eat other animals) (Eat both plants and animals)
Cow Tiger Human beings
Buffalo Lion Crow
Butterfly Spider Cat
Deer Lizard Rat
Human beings would be placed in omnivores group. 5
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WORKSHEET-3
Ans. 1 : (c) 1
Ans. 2 : (d) 1
Ans. 3 : (b) 1
Ans. 4 : (c) 1
Ans. 5 : Grains, cereals, pulses, spices, vegetables and fruits. 1
Ans. 6 : Milk, meat and egg. 1
Ans. 7 : Seeds loose the viability on boilings, so boiled seeds fail to sprout. 1
Ans. 8 : The organisms need food for their survival. There are following reasons :
(i) The energy obtained from food is used to perform various functions of body.
(ii) The nutrients obtained from food help them to protect the body against various diseases. 2
Ans. 9 : The animals in the grid are given below :
These animals are categorised as :
Herbivores Carnivores Omnivores

Cow Lion Human
Goat Frog Rat
Hen Wolf Cat
Owl
Crow
Ant
3
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WORKSHEET-4
Ans. 1 : (b) 1
Ans. 2 : (d) 1
Ans. 3 : (c) 1
Ans. 4 : (a) 1
Ans. 5 : Bees store honey in their beehives. 1
Ans. 6 : Yes, salt and water are obtained from sources of other than plants and animals. 1
Ans. 7 : Honey. 1
Ans. 8 : We should avoid wastage of food because food is valuable as there are many people, who do not get
sufficient food to eat and some people can not afford to buy the food. 2
Ans. 9 : The main sources of our food are plants and animals. The food items which we get from animals are
milk, eggs, meat and chicken. 1+1
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WORKSHEET-5
Ans. 1 : (a) 1
Ans. 2 : (d) 1
Ans. 3 : (d) 1
Ans. 4 : (d) 1
Ans. 5 : People who eat meat, egg, fish and other foods of animal origin are non-vegetarians. 1
Ans. 6 : (a) NECTAR
(b) CARNIVORES
(c) HERBIVORES
(d) OMNIVORES 1×4=4
Ans. 7 : The two ingredients in our food that are not obtained from plants or animals are :
(i) Salt : source — Oceans and rocks
(ii) Water : source — River/pond/lake/rain 1
Ans. 8 :
2
Ans. 9 : Sprouted seeds are the seeds with seedlings. Seeds are first soaked in water for one day. The water
is drained and the seeds are kept wrapped in a wet cloth and left for one more day. After sprouting,
they can be eaten raw. They can also be boiled. They can also be made into a tasty snack by adding
spices to them. 3
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WORKSHEET-6
Ans. 1 : (c) 1
Ans. 2 : (d) 1
Ans. 3 : (c) 1
Ans. 4 : (a) 1
Ans. 5 : Two ingredients are needed to prepare a dish of boiled rice. These are rice and water. 1
Ans. 6 : Paddy and Wheat. ½+½
Ans. 7 : (a) CHILLI
(b) FRUIT
(c) SOYABEAN
(d) SUGAR
(e) GROUNDNUT 2
Ans. 8 : Onion : bulb
Brinjal : fruit
Tea : leaves 2
Ans. 9 : Bees collect nectar from flowers and convert it into honey. The honey is stored in the beehives so as
to be used throughout the year. 2
Ans. 10 : Plants obtain their food by the process of photosynthesis. In this process, green plants trap sunlight
with the help of chlorophyll and prepare glucose from carbon dioxide and water. Oxygen is given
out from plants as a by-product. 2
Ans. 11 : The animals which eat other animals are called carnivores. Examples : Lion, tiger, etc. 2
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WORKSHEET-7
Ans. 1 : Potato is a stem vegetable. The potatoes grow on underground stems, called stolons. Potato tubers are
thickened stems because they have buds that sprout stems and leaves. Roots don’t do that. 2
Ans. 2 : No, because eating excess food can harm our body as it is not digested easily. 2
Ans. 3 : Food is present in the roots of some plants, although it is made in the leaves because root system also
provides support for plants in the form of an anchor in the soil. e.g., carrots store food their roots and
live on it all winter and in summers, a new plant grows from these roots. 3
Ans. 4 : (a) The functions of food are as follows :
(i) It helps in the growth and development of a living organism.
(ii) It provides energy to do physical work.
(iii) It helps to perform body functions.
(b) Love, caring. 3+1=4
Ans. 5 :
4

Ans. 6 :
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CHAPTER
SECTION
B
2 COMPONENTS OF FOOD
WORKSHEET-8
Ans. 1 : Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals are the major nutrients in our food. 2
Ans. 2 : Our body needs different kinds of food for some special purposes.
For example,
Carbohydrates and fats for energy
Proteins for body-building
Vitamins and minerals for protection against diseases. 2
Ans. 3 : (a) Carbohydrates and fats are the nutrients which mainly give energy to our body.
(b) Proteins and minerals are the nutrients that are needed for the growth and maintenance for our
body.
(c) Vitamin A is required for maintaining good eye-sight.
(d) Calcium is required for keeping our bones healthy. 1×4=4
Ans. 4 : On the basis of tests performed, the presence of starch, protein and fat in the given food items is shown
in following table :
Starch Proteins Fats
Food items
(Present) (Present) (Present)
Raw Potato Yes No No
Milk No Yes Yes
Groundnut No Yes Yes
Uncooked powdered rice Yes No No
Cooked rice Yes No No
Dry coconut No No Yes
Uncooked tuar dal (powdered) No Yes No
Cooked dal No Yes Yes
A slice of any vegetable No No No
A slice of any fruit No No No
Boiled egg (white portion) No Yes No 8
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WORKSHEET-9
Ans. 1 : No, the people of all ages do not need the same type of diet. It depends on the physical work done and
age of a person. A growing age person needs more protein diet as compared to an old age person. 2
Ans. 2 : Yes, animal food also consists of different components in the form of nutrients. They also need a bal-
anced diet for their maintenance and growth. 2
Ans. 3 : Yes, I think that fat-rich foods are harmful for us if eaten too much, because too much fat causes
obesity. 2
Ans. 4 :
S. No. Nutrient Food items
(a) Fats Oil and ghee
(b) Starch Rice and corn
(c) Dietary fibre Fresh fruits and whole grains
(d) Protein Milk and pulses ½×4=2
Ans. 5 : (a) ×
(b) √
(c) √
(d) × ½×4=2
Ans. 6 : Andhra Rice Toor dal and Kunduru Buttermilk,

Pradesh rasam (Charu) (dendakai) ghee, pickle
(aavakai)
Uttar Pradesh Roti i.e., Tan- Toor dal and Cauliflower, Buttermilk,
doori, Naan, Urad dal lady finger, ghee, mango
lachha paratha, spinach, etc. pickle
etc.
2
Ans. 7 : (a) No, fats, proteins and starch are not present in all food items. Some food items have fat, some
have protein or starch or some have varying proportions of these nutrients.
(b) Yes, food items such as cooked pulse, milk, groundnut, etc contain more than one nutrient.
(c) Yes, food items like a slice of vegetable or fruit do not contain any of these three nutrients.
1×3=3
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WORKSHEET-10
Ans. 1 : (b) 1
Ans. 2 : (d) 1
Ans. 3 : (d) 1
Ans. 4 : (a) protein
(b) minerals
(c) vitamin
(d) carbohydrate
(e) nutrients
(f) fat 1
Ans. 5 : Water does not provide any nutrient. 1
Ans. 6 : A meal should have different food items for proper functioning of our body. 2
Ans. 7 : (a) fat, protein
(b) balanced diet
(c) obesity
(d) roughage
(e) vitamin C 3
Ans. 8 : The classification of food items is shown below :
Carbohydrate rich food items (A) Protein rich food items (B) Fat rich food items (C)
Sweet potato Moong dal, Fish, Milk, Mustard oil
Rice Egg, Beans, Butter milk Milk
Maize (chhachh), cottage cheese Egg
White bread (Paneer), Peas Butter
3
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WORKSHEET-11
Ans. 1 : (c) 1
Ans. 2 : (d) 1
Ans. 3 : (a) 1
Ans. 4 : Carbohydrates and fats. 1
Ans. 5 : The dietary fibre present in food materials is called roughage. 1
Ans. 6 : It helps in preventing constipation. 1
Ans. 7 : Removal of water from the body in excess quantity is called dehydration. It reduces body weight of a
person. 1+1
Ans. 8 : It is important to cook food due to following reasons :
(i) Cooking kills various germs present in food items.
(ii) It makes food easily digestible.
(iii) It makes food tasty. 2
Ans. 9 : (a) The components of food that provide nutrients are given below :
(i) Carbohydrates
(ii) Fats
(iii) Proteins
(iv) Vitamins
(v) Minerals 2
(b) The two components of food that do not provide nutrients are :
(i) Water
(ii) Roughage 1
Ans. 10 : Minerals and vitamins are needed in very small quantities by our body as compared to other compo-
nents, yet, they are an important part of a balanced diet, because if our body does not get sufficient
amount of a certain mineral or vitamin for a prolonged duration of time, then we might suffer from
certain diseases called deficiency diseases.
A small quantity of minerals and vitamins is required for maintaining good health and they protect
us from various diseases. For example, vitamin A is necessary to keep eyes healthy and calcium is
essential for the development of healthy bones and teeth. 3
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WORKSHEET-12
Ans. 1 : (b) 1
Ans. 2 : (c) 1
Ans. 3 : (b) 1
Ans. 4 : Labourers need more carbohydrates because their work involves physical labour. 1
Ans. 5 : Iron. 1
Ans. 6 : Vitamin D. 1
Ans. 7 : Take a small quantity of food item and wrap it in a piece of paper and crush it. An oily patch on paper
shows the presence of fat in that food item.
Starch testing is done by using iodine solution. Appearance of blue black colour shows presence of
starch. 3
Ans. 8 : In Beri-Beri, nervous system is affected which causes weak muscles and little energy to work. It is
caused due to deficiency of vitamin B, which is found in seafood, milk, meat, peas, cereals and green
vegetables. 3
Ans. 9 : Water does not provide nutrients, yet it is an important component of food due to following
reasons :
(i) It helps our body in absorbing nutrients.
(ii) It helps in transporting substances inside our body.
(iii) It helps in removal of wastes from our body in the form of urine.
(iv) It helps in regulating our body temperature. 3
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WORKSHEET-13
Ans. 1 : (c)
Ans. 2 : (c)
Ans. 3 : (c)
Ans. 4 : Carbohydrate. 1
Ans. 5 : Soft and bent bones. 1
Ans. 6 : By eating a balanced diet. 1
Ans. 7 : Living organisms need food for their survival, growth and to keep themselves healthy. 2
Ans. 8 : Tasty food is not always nutritious and nutritious food may not always be tasty to eat.
There are following examples in favour of this statement :
(i) Fast foods like burger, pizza, etc, are tasty but these are not nutritious as they have large amount
of fat and cause obesity.
(ii) Potato chips are tasty to eat but not nutritious.
(iii) Green leafy vegetables are very nutritious but are not so tasty to eat. 3
Ans. 9 : (a) (i) chapati
(b) (ii) calcium
(iii) D
(c) (iv) butter
(d) (v) protein
(vi) calcium
(e) (vii) papaya
(f) (viii) iron
(g) (ix) peas
(x) proteins 5
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WORKSHEET-14
Ans. 1 : The correct method of cooking potatoes that will not lower the nutrients in them is given below :
Overheating, overboiling and deep frying of potatoes should be avoided as they destroy the nutrients
present in potatoes. So, potatoes should be boiled and fried in proper manner. 2
Ans. 2 : Paheli should include roughage in her diet to get rid of the problem. Roughage is dietary fibre in food
which can not be digested. However it maintains the normal functioning of digestive system. It helps
in preventing constipation. Whole grains, pulses, fresh fruits and vegetables contain roughage, so
Paheli should include such food items in her diet. 3
Ans. 3 : The possible reason can be the presence of starch on teacher’s saree and not on Paheli’s socks. Iodine
reacted with starch to give blue-black colour on the saree. 3
Ans. 4 : (a) He is suffering from night blindness.
(b) Vitamin A may be lacking in his diet.
(c) Some food items that he should include in his diet are carrot, papaya, milk and fish oil which are
rich in vitamin A. 1+1+2
Ans. 5. : The solved cross-word puzzle is given below :
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WORKSHEET-15
Ans. 1 : The wheat flour contains husk, which is rich in carbohydrates, so Sarthak adviseds his mother not to
sieve wheat flour before making dough. 2
Ans. 2 : Vitamins are complex organic compounds that are essential for maintaining good health of our body
and they also protect us from various diseases. Vitamin A keeps our skin and eyes healthy. Vitamin
C helps the body to fight against diseases. 1+ 2
Ans. 3 : (a) Carbohydrates are the compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. These are formed
in plants during photosynthesis, e.g., glucose.
(b) Carbohydrates found in our food are in the form of starch and sugar. 2+1
Ans. 4 : Our body needs all the nutrients in the right amount, hence we should eat a balanced diet. Vitamin
C gets destroyed on heating. 2+1
Ans. 5 : ‘Modernisation’ has to the development of life style disorders. The life style disorders are obesity,
fatigue, loss of vision, mental weakness etc. These disorders occur due to junk foods like pizza, burger
etc. They can be prevented by taking balanced diet including carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins
and minerals. 1+1+1
Ans. 6 : Glucose is a source of instant energy, so Rohit felt refreshed. But drinking only glucose water is not
sufficient for all the nutrition demands because it gives only energy. Rohit also needs body-building
and protective foods including roughage to get all nutrients. 3
Ans. 7 : The presence of proteins in food items is tested by using following steps :
Step I : Take a small quantity of food item in a test-tube.
Step II : Add 10 drops of water into it and shake the test-tube.
Step III : With the help of dropper, add two drops of copper sulphate solution.
Step IV : Add 10 drops of caustic soda solution to the test-tube and shake the test tube and leave it
for few minutes.
The appearance of violet colour indicates the presence of proteins in the food item. 4
Ans. 8 : (a) Vitamins and minerals
(b) Tea, coffee, fruits, vegetables, etc.
(c) Vegetables contain vitamins and minerals which get washed away if vegetables are washed after
cutting them.
Food should not be overcooked to prevent the loss of nutrients from it. 1+1+2
Ans. 9 : Parents are advised to discourage their children from eating chips and junk foods due to following
reasons :
(i) Junk foods cause obesity.
(ii) They may cause loss of appetite.
(iii) They cause mental problems.
(iv) These food items lead to wastage of money.
Associated value :
We should understand the benefits of healthy food habits. 4
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CHAPTER
SECTION
B
3 FIBRE TO FABRIC
WORKSHEET-16
Ans. 1 : If the coats worn by warriors are made up of some kind of fibre then it may cause harm to warriors
easily because sword can easily cut the fibre jacket. 1
Ans. 2 : Cotton is grown in Punjab, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan. Warm
climate and black soil are essential for growth of cotton plants. 1
Ans. 3 : (i) Rope 1
(ii) Mat. 1
Ans. 4 : Natural fibres : Wool
Cotton
Silk
Jute
Synthetic fibres : Nylon
Polyester 1+1=2
Ans. 5 : (a) Plant fibres are obtained from cotton and jute.
(b) Animal fibres are silk and wool. 1+1=2
Ans. 6 :
Fibre Part of plant
Cotton Fruit of cotton plant
Jute Stem of jute plant 2
Ans. 7 : These fibres are normally used for a variety of clothing items by using process of spinning, weaving
and knitting. ½×1=3
Ans. 8 : (a) True
(b) False
(c) False
(d) True
(e) True
(f) False
(g) False 1+1=2
Ans. 9 : Cotton yarns burn without shrinking or melting. They give an odour similar to that from burning
paper.
Silk yarns burns with shrinking but do not melt. They have the odour of charred meat.
Wool yarns burns with shrinking but do not melt. They have strong odour of burning hair.
Synthetic yarns burn with shrinking and also melt. They give out an odour similar to burning plastics. 4
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WORKSHEET-17
Ans. 1 : (a) 1
Ans. 2 : (b) 1
Ans. 3 : (d) 1
Ans. 4 : Yarn, fibres. 1
Ans. 5 : The correct forms of terms are :
(a) Cotton (c) Weaving
(b) Spinning (d) Fibres 1
Ans. 6 : Jute stems are immersed in water for rotting, as jute fibres can be extracted from the rotten stems
easily. This process is known as retting. 2
Ans. 7 : (i) Cotton is a soft fabric. It lets air pass through it.
(ii) The sweat absorbed by cotton fabric evaporates and so it cools the body. 2
Ans. 8 : Fibres obtained from plants and animals are called natural fibres.
Examples of plant fibres : cotton, jute and coconut.
Examples of animal fibres : silk and wool. 1+1+1
Ans. 9 :
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WORKSHEET-18
Ans. 1 : (d) 1
Ans. 2 : (b) 1
Ans. 3 : (c) 1
Ans. 4 : Weaving. 1
Ans. 5 : Rayon and Nylon ½+½
Ans. 6 : The possible reason for this can be :
– the end of the thread was separated into a few thin strands.
OR
– the thread was quite thick. 2
Ans. 7 : Saree, lungi, dupatta and towel . 2
Ans. 8 :
Column I Column II
(a) Weaving (v) Process of arranging two sets of yarns together to make a fabric
(b) Knitting (i) A single yarn used to make a fabric
(c) Spinning (iv) Process of making yarn from fibres
(d) Ginning (ii) Combing of cotton fibres to remove seeds
(e) Fibres (iii) Yarns are made from these thin strands
(f) Yarns (vi) These are spun from fibres and then used to make fabrics.
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WORKSHEET-19
Ans. 1 : (a) 1
Ans. 2 : (a) 1
Ans. 3 : (d) 1
Ans. 4 : Wool and silk ½+½
Ans. 5 : Synthetic fibres 1
Ans. 6 : Cotton is also used in hospitals as absorbent and for preparing bandages. 2
Ans. 7 : In ancient times, people used bark and big leaves of tree or animal skins and fur to cover themselves.
Later on, they began weaving twigs, grasses etc. They twisted vines, animal fleece or hairs together
into long strands. They were woven into fabrics. 3
Ans. 8 : Synthetic fibres are more advantageous and economical than natural fibres due to following
reasons :
(i) synthetic fibres are cheap
(ii) more resistant to water
(iii) high mechanical strength
(iv) easy to wash and handle
(v) dry up quickly. 3
Ans. 9 : Plant fibres are classified into three categories on the basis of parts of plant from which these fibres
are extracted :
(i) Fruit fibres : These fibres are obtained from the fruits of the plant. e.g., cotton and coconut fibres.
(ii) Bast fibres : These fibres are obtained from the stems of plants. e.g., Jute fibre.
(iii) Leaf fibres : These fibres are obtained from the leaves of plants. e.g., Sisal fibre. 3
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WORKSHEET-20
Ans. 1 : (d) 1
Ans. 2 : (a) 1
Ans. 3 : (b) 1
Ans. 4 : China 1
Ans. 5 : (a) False, as silk is an animal fibre.
(b) False, as jute is obtained from the stem of a plant.
(c) True
(d) True 1×4=4
Ans. 6 :
Column I Column II
(a) Sweater (ii) Wool
(b) Cotton balls (iii) Ginning
(c) Dhoti (i) Cotton
(d) Gunny bags (iv) Jute ½×1=2
Ans. 7 : Coconut fibres are used for making ropes because these fibres are rough and very hard. Another use
of coconut fibre is in making mattresses. 1+1
Ans. 8 : Rainy season is the best season for cultivation of jute. It is grown in Bihar, Assam and West Bengal.
1+1+1
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WORKSHEET-21
Ans. 1 : (c) 1
Ans. 2 : (c) 1
Ans. 3 : (c) 1
Ans. 4 : Cotton fabric does not shrink on burning. However, silk fabric shrinks on burning. 1
Ans. 5 : The other way of making fabric from yarn is knitting. 1
Ans. 6 : The process of arranging two sets of yarns together to make a fabric is called weaving. The device
used for weaving are looms. 1+1
Ans. 7 : Man-made fibres are called synthetic fibres, e.g., Nylon, rayon, polyester etc. 1+1
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WORKSHEET-22
Ans. 1 : (b) 1
Ans. 2 : (c) 1
Ans. 3 : (b) 1
Ans. 4 : A single yarn is used for knitting. 1
Ans. 5 : The process of making yarn from fibre is called spinning. 1
Ans. 6 : Two hand operated devices that are used for spinning are :
(i) Hand spindle (takli)
(ii) Charkha
Charkha was made popular by Mahatma Gandhi 2+1
Ans. 7 : My parents, cotton plants were grown in black soil and warm climate. The plants bore fruits called
cotton bolls. I, the cotton fibre was separated from seeds in the cotton bolls by the process of ginning.
Other cotton fibres and myself were made into yarn by the process of spinning. The yarn was dyed
to give beautiful colours and then woven to get cotton fabric. 3
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WORKSHEET-23
Ans. 1 : The teacher has asked to classify the fibres as natural and synthetic fibres. 2
Ans. 2 : We do not prefer wearing clothes made of the jute fibre because jute fibre is very coarse and rough
which hurts the skin. 2
Ans. 3 : The two main processes of making fabric from yarn are weaving and knitting :
Weaving : It is the arrangement of two sets of yarn to make a fabric. The threads are crossed over and
under each other. This is done on machines called looms.
Knitting : It is the formation of fabric from single yarn. It is done by hand as well as by machine. 4
Ans. 4 : Cotton :
Source : Fruits of cotton plants
Uses : It is used in making clothes, bed sheets, curtains, towels and quilts.
Jute :
Source : Bast or skin of jute plant stem
Uses : It is used in making curtains, chair coverings, carpets and rugs.
Silk :
Source : Cocoons of silkworms
Uses : It is used in making clothes, velvet, etc.
Wool :
Source : Fleeces of sheep or other hairy animals such as yak, camel, goat etc.
Uses : It is used in making clothes, sweaters, carpets ,etc. 1×4=4
Ans. 5 : The quality of cotton fabrics can be improved by :
(i) improving the quality of soil.
(ii) protecting the crops from pests.
(iii) discarding infected fibres.
(iv) twisting the fibres to make yarn properly.
(v) ensuring minimum or no gaps during weaving. 4
Ans. 6 : Natural fibres : Wool and Jute.
 Wool is an animal fibre which is obtained from sheep.
 Jute is a plant fibre which is obtained from plant.
Synthetic fibres : Acrylic, Polyester, Rayon.
 These are man-made fibres which are prepared from different chemical substances. 2+2
Ans. 7 : Cotton is world’s most popular plant fibre, used to make clothes. It is obtained from the cotton plant.
The cotton plant bears fruits called cotton bolls. When they are ripe, the bolls burst exposing the seeds
surrounded by soft cotton fibres. Cotton fibres are usually picked by hand from cotton bolls. This
process is called hand picking. The cotton fibres are then separated from the seeds by the process,
called ginning.
Now, fibres are twisted together to form yarn by using spinning machines. This process is called
spinning. Fabric is formed by the arrangement of two sets of yarn by the process, called weaving.
Weaving is done on looms. Now, on sewing this cotton fabric by needle, a cotton shirt is prepared. 5
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CHAPTER
SECTION
B
4 SORTING MATERIALS INTO GROUPS
WORKSHEET-24
Ans. 1 : A tumbler is not made with a piece of cloth because generally tumbler is used to keep a liquid and
cloth can not hold it. So, tumbler is made up of glass, plastics or metals but not with a piece of cloth.
2
Ans. 2 : Iron corrodes easily in the presence of air and moisture and it looses its shine and appears dull where-
as copper and aluminium maintain their shine and do not corrode easily. 2
Ans. 3 :
Substance Disappears in water/does not disappear
Salt Disappears completely in water
Sugar Disappears completely in water
Sand Does not disappear
Chalk powder Does not disappear
Sawdust Does not disappear 2
Ans. 4 : (i) Chair (iv) Bullock cart wheel
(ii) Table (v) Boat
(iii) Door 2
Ans. 5 : Glass bowl and steel spoon. 1+1
Ans. 6 : The correct materials with objects are shown below :
Object Materials
Book Paper
Tumbler Glass and plastics
Chair Wood and plastics
Toy Plastics and wood
Shoes Leather 2
Ans. 7 : Given below are some materials that are used for making more than one type of object :
(i) Wood : Chair, Table, Bullock cart, Almirah, etc.
(ii) Plastic : Buckets, Pipes, Bottles, Toys, Boxes, etc.
(iii) Paper : Notebooks, Books, Newspaper, Calendars, etc.
(iv) Leather : Shoes, Wallets, Purses, Belts, etc.
(v) Steel : Spoons, Plates, Bucket, Locks, etc. 1×5=5
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WORKSHEET-25
Ans. 1 : Some liquids dissolve in water completely. Some do not dissolve in water and form a separate layer
when kept aside for some time. 2
Ans. 2 : The solubility of liquids is shown in following table :
Liquid Mixes well/Does not mix
Vinegar Mixes well
Lemon juice Mixes well
Mustard oil Does not mix
Coconut oil Does not mix
Kerosene Does not mix 2
Ans. 3 : Oxygen : It gets dissolved in water and is useful for the survival of animals.
Carbon dioxide : It gets dissolved in water. e.g., It gets dissolved in cold drinks. 2
Ans. 4 : Some gases are soluble in water while some are not soluble in water. e.g., oxygen gets dissolved in
water. 2
Ans. 5 : (a) False (b) False (c) False
(d) True (e) False (f) False
(g) True (h)True
2
Ans. 6 : The items that float on water are given below :
Wood, plastic ball, balloon, paper boat, feather, hair, thermocol.
They will also float on an oil or kerosene. 2
Ans. 7 : (a) Round shaped objects : Basketball, Orange, Globe, Apple, Earthen pitcher.
Other shape objects/materials : Water, Sugar.
(b) Eatable materials : Water, Orange, Sugar, Apple.
Non-eatable materials : Basketball, Globe, Earthen pitcher. 2+2
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WORKSHEET-26
Ans. 1 : (c) 1
Ans. 2 : (c) 1
Ans. 3 : (d) 1
Ans. 4 : Yes, grouping is necessary. By grouping, we can find required items whenever required, easily and
can also compare them with similar items. 1
Ans. 5 : I will prefer wood, as it is insulator of electricity as well as easily workable. 1
Ans. 6 : Water is called universal solvent as it can dissolve maximum materials. 2
Ans. 7 : Steel is a good conductor of heat, so it cannot be used as handle in utensils. 2
Ans. 8 : Butter paper and oiled paper are two examples of translucent objects. 1+1
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WORKSHEET-27
Ans. 1 : (a) 1
Ans. 2 : (b) 1
Ans. 3 : (c) 1
Ans. 4 : Metals and stones. ½+½
Ans. 5 : No, it is not ductile. 1
Ans. 6 : Mustard oil is lighter than water hence it floats, while grease is heavier thus sinks. 2
Ans. 7 : Paper is not hard and can get easily wet with water. Moreover, it is highly combustible and hence not
used to make furniture. 2
Ans. 8 : The objects which can float on water are : dried leaves and wood.
The objects which sink in water are : a piece of iron and stone. 1+1
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WORKSHEET-28
Ans. 1 : (c) 1
Ans. 2 : (c) 1
Ans. 3 : (c) 1
Ans. 4 : Combustibility. 1
Ans. 5 : Wood and paper. 1
Ans. 6 : Soluble materials – Salt and sugar.
Insoluble materials – Sand and chalk. 1+1
Ans. 7 : The materials through which objects are partially visible, are known as translucent materials, e.g.,
butter paper. 1+1
Ans. 8 : Materials which are lighter than water, float on water. Wood and oil are lighter than water and float
on it. 2
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WORKSHEET-29
Ans. 1 : (b) 1
Ans. 2 : (d) 1
Ans. 3 : (c) 1
Ans. 4 : We need to group materials for convenience and to gain systematic knowledge. 1
Ans. 5 : Materials are grouped together on the basis of similarities and differences in their properties. 1
Ans. 6 : An opaque white paper can be converted into a translucent paper by dropping some oil on it. 2
Ans. 7 : (1) It helps in gaining systematic knowledge of things.
(2) It gives a general idea about all the members of a group and the differences between the members
of different groups.
(3) It is convenient to work with all members of a group after knowing their properties. 3
Ans. 8 : Hardness is the property of materials that can be found out by pressing the materials. A material may
be soft or hard.
Soft materials : The materials which can be compressed easily are known as soft materials. e.g., cotton,
sponge, etc.
Hard materials : The materials that are difficult to compress are known as hard materials. e.g., iron,
wood, etc. 1+1+1
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WORKSHEET-30
Ans. 1 : (c) 1
Ans. 2 : (d) 1
Ans. 3 : (a) 1
Ans. 4 : Wood is lighter than water. Therefore, it floats on water. 1
Ans. 5 : The oxygen gas dissolved in water is essential for the survival of aquatic animals and plants because
they respire with its help. 1
Ans. 6 : Rubber band, leaf, eraser, cooked rice and fresh chapati are soft materials because these materials can
be compressed or stretched easily. 2
Ans. 7 : Materials can be classified into three groups on the basis of physical state :
Solids : They have definite shape and volume, e.g., iron, ice, etc.
Liquids : They have definite volume but do not have definite shape, e.g., water.
Gases : They do not have definite shape and volume, e.g., air. 1+1+1
Ans. 8 : The materials which have shining surface are called lustrous materials. Gold and silver are examples
of lustrous materials. 1+2
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WORKSHEET-31
Ans. 1 : (c) 1
Ans. 2 : (d) 1
Ans. 3 : (b) 1
Ans. 4 : The silver spoon tarnished on long exposure to moist air and lost its shine and appears dull while gold
does not tarnish or corrode. 1
Ans. 5 : Since honey gets dissolved in water so mixture of Raveena, i.e., honey in water is in solution form
Whereas red chilli powder, butter and petrol float on water. 1
Ans. 6 : Coal is a combustible solid, petrol is a combustible liquid and CNG is a combustible gas. 2
Ans. 7 : An object will float if its density is less than the liquid. It will sink if its density is greater than that of
the surrounding liquid. 2
Ans. 8 : Substances which are soluble in the other substance are :
(a) Honey in water
(b) Glucose in water
(c) Groundnut oil in mustard oil
Substances which are insoluble in the other substance are :
(a) Turmeric in water
(b) Rice flour in water
(c) Mustard oil in water 3
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WORKSHEET-32
Ans. 1 : (a) Aluminium : Uses – in foil and aircrafts
(b) Plastic : Uses – in bucket and pencil box
(c) Kerosene : Uses – as fuel and solvent
(d) Vinegar : Uses – as food ingredient and preservative. 2
Ans. 2 :
Column I Column II
(a) Surgical Instruments (iii) Steel
(b) Newspaper (iv) Plant product
(c) Electrical switches (i) Plastic
(d) Wool (ii) Animal product
2
Ans. 3 : The objects, in figure which are opaque and sink in water, are shown below :
O S T P L E
A T L E E R
C O I N A A
O N K C F S
A E E I W E
L L Y L R R
(i) Coal
(ii) Stone
(iii) Coin
(iv) Pencil
(v) Eraser 3
Ans. 4 : (a) Classification means grouping the things on the basis of their similarities and dissimilarities.
(b)
Transparent materials Opaque materials

Those materials through which things Those materials through which things
can be seen are called transparent can not be seen are called opaque materi-
materials. e.g., glass, water. als. e.g., wood, cardboard.
(c)
We can make a normal paper translucent by putting few drops of oil on it. 1+2+1
Ans. 5 : There are following properties by which we can prove that these materials are different :
Material Lustre Hardness/softness Roughness/smoothness

Chalk — Soft Rough
Iron nail Lustrous Hard Rough
Wood — Hard Rough
Aluminium Lustrous Hard Smooth
Candle Lustrous Soft Smooth
Cotton — Soft Smooth
5
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WORKSHEET-33
Ans. 1 : It is easier to hold a steel tumbler with cold milk than the one with hot milk because steel is a good
conductor of heat and steel tumbler becomes hot due to hot milk and it can burn our hands. 2
Ans. 2 : Excess amount of starch in water forms a suspension. 2
Ans. 3 : Solid floats just below the surface of water and it neither sinks nor floats on water due to almost same
density of the solid and water. 2
Ans. 4 : The aquatic animals and plants need dissolved oxygen in water for respiration. It is necessary for the
survival of fish, invertebrates, bacteria and underwater plants. Dissolved oxygen is also required for
the decomposition of organic matter present in water. Oxygen is a necessary element to all forms of
life. 4
Ans. 5 : Opaque, translucent and transparent materials can be differentiated as follows :
S. No. Opaque materials Translucent materials Transparent materials
(i) Materials through which Materials through which Materials through which
things can not be seen are things can be seen but not things can be seen clearly
called opaque materials. clearly are called translucent are called transparent mate-
materials. rials.
(ii) e.g., Card board e.g., Oily paper e.g., Glass
4
Ans. 6 :
Substance Soluble in water/ Insoluble in water
Sugar Soluble in water
Salt Soluble in water
Mustard oil Insoluble in water
Sand Insoluble in water
Sawdust Insoluble in water
Honey Soluble in water
Chalk powder Insoluble in water
Petals of flower Insoluble in water
Soil Insoluble in water
Copper sulphate crystals Soluble in water
Glucose Soluble in water
Wheat flour Insoluble in water
5
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CHAPTER
SECTION
B
5 SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES
WORKSHEET-34
Ans. 1 : We need to separate harmful or non useful substances that may be mixed with the substance used.
Sometimes, we separate even useful components if we need to use them separately.
For example : To separate stones from rice, churning milk to obtain butter etc. 2
Ans. 2 : When sand and powdered leaves are falling at the same place, sand is reaches at that place vertically
and leaves are blown away, because sand is heavier than powdered leaves. This process is called
winnowing. 2
Ans. 3 : We need to separate different components of a mixture due to following reasons :
(i) To separate useful component from a mixture.
(ii) To remove harmful components.
e.g., Separation of stones from rice,
Separation of tea leaves from prepared tea. 2
Ans. 4 : We will separate husk or dirt particles from a given sample of pulses before cooking by hand picking.
Winnowing process can also be used for this purpose. Husk particles being lighter, will fly away from
pulses. 2
Ans. 5 : Sieving is a process which allows fine particles to pass through the holes of sieve, while the bigger
impurities remain on the sieve.
It is used in flour mill in which impurities like husk and stones are removed from wheat. 2
Ans. 6 : The process used for separating grain seeds from their stalks is called threshing.
It can be done by–
– manually beating the dry stalks on the ground or a hard surface to shake off the dried grains.
– trampling them under the feet of animals like bullocks.
– using threshing machines. 3
Ans. 7 : The process used to separate heavier and lighter components of a mixture by wind or by blowing air
is called winnowing . This process is used by farmers to separate lighter husk particles from heavier
seeds or grains. 3
Ans. 8 : Yes, it is possible to separate sugar mixed with wheat flour. It is done by following method :
(i) Sugar and wheat flour can be separated by sieving.
(ii) As size of sugar particles is more than that of the wheat flour, so sugar will stay on sieve and wheat
flour will pass through the holes of the sieve. 3
Ans. 9 : The sand and water from their mixture can be separated in following steps :
(i) Allow mixture to stand in a glass.
(ii) After some time, sand settles at the bottom and this process is called sedimentation.
(iii) Clean water appears as the upper layer.
(iv) Gently pour this water into another glass and this process is called decantation. 4
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WORKSHEET-35
Ans. 1 : Filtration is better method than decantation to separate tea leaves from prepared tea. 1
Ans. 2 : If a large quantity of a substance is forced to dissolve in the fixed amount of water then after a certain
quantity of the substance has been dissolved it will not dissolve further due to saturation. 2
Ans. 3 : (a) threshing
(b) filtration
(c) evaporation
(d) sedimentation and decantation ½ × 1= 2
Ans. 4 : (a) False (b) False
(c) False (d) False ½ × 1= 2
Ans. 5 : (i) We should add ice to the lemonade after dissolving sugar, because sugar is dissolved in lemon
juice easily without ice as solubility depends on the temperature.
(ii) It will be possible to dissolve more sugar before adding ice. 1+1=2
Ans. 6 : The best way to carry out the filtration of the mixture of water and sand is to use filter paper not cloth
because filter paper has fine pores while cloth has larger holes than filter paper. The particles of sand
do not pass through filter paper but these may pass from cloth to filtrate. 3
Ans. 7 : The source of salt is sea water. When sea water is allowed to stand in shallow pits, water gets heated
by sunlight and evaporates leaving behind the solid salts. Common salt is obtained from this mixture
of salts by further purification. 3
Ans. 8 : We will obtain clear water from a sample of muddy water by sedimentation, decantation and filtration.
(i) Allow muddy water to stand.
(ii) After some time, mud settles down at the bottom. (sedimentation)
(iii) Upper layer is clear water.
(iv) Gently pour the clear water into another apparatus (Decantation) and filter the water to remove
traces of mud particles. 1×4=4
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WORKSHEET-36
Ans. 1 : (b) 1
Ans. 2 : (c) 1
Ans. 3 : (d) 1
Ans. 4 : Solubility increases with increase in temperature. So, I think that Ravi would win the game because
hot boiling milk would dissolve more amount of sugar as compared to other milk. 1
Ans. 5 : (i) Hand picking
(ii) Grains
(iii) Winnowing
(iv) Sedimentation
(v) Solid, solution 1
Ans. 6 : (a) Components of air are nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide and other gases.
(b) Components of soil are sand, silt and clay. 1+1
Ans. 7 : The method which can be helpful in separating husk from grains is called winnowing. This method
is based on separation of lighter particles from heavier particles by wind or blowing air. 1+2
Ans. 8 : (a) They will make salt solution by mixing salt in a certain amount of water. Sarika will make a proper
salt solution.
(b) Mohan will be able to prepare saturated solution because Mohan will dissolve more salt in water,
so some salt would remain undissolved and settle at the bottom of the glass. 2+2
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WORKSHEET-37
Ans. 1 : (b) 1
Ans. 2 : (d) 1
Ans. 3 : (b) 1
Ans. 4 : Paper and cloth. ½+½
Ans. 5 : The process of conversion of water vapour into its liquid form is called condensation. 1
Ans. 6 : I will separate iodine from washing soda by sublimation process. 2
Ans. 7 : If we churn a liquid solution, heavier particles will move towards periphery and then get separated.
2
Ans. 8 : Happy, sun, threshed, winnowed, handpicked, sieved.
The wise farmer and his wife got a good price for the flour because they used proper methods of
separation to get good quality of wheat flour. 4
Ans. 9 : Paheli will make this water fit for drinking by following steps :
Step I : first of all, she will filter the water by using muslin cloth.
Step II : swirl with alum and allow water to stand for some time.
Step III : pour the clear water in a pot by the process known as decantation.
Step IV : boil the water for 10 minutes in a pan covered with lid.
Step V : cool, filter and the filtrate is fit for drinking. 5
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WORKSHEET-38
Ans. 1 : (d) 1
Ans. 2 : (c) 1
Ans. 3 : (b) 1
Ans. 4 : (a) False (b) True (c) True (d) True
(e) True (f) True 1
Ans. 5 : If a solution can further dissolve more solute, it is known as unsaturated solution. 1
Ans. 6 : We shall mix sugar first and then ice cubes. 2
Ans. 7 : Evaporation and condensation are two processes involved in distillation. 2
Ans. 8 : A mixture of salt, sand, oil and water can be separated by following steps :
Step I : First of all, the clear liquid is poured into another container by the process of decantation. By
this process, oil is separated from the mixture.
Step II : Now filter the mixture by using filter paper, funnel and container by the process of filtration.
By this process, sand is separated from the mixture.
Step III : Finally, the remaining liquid evaporates till the residue in obtained by the process of
evaporation. By this process, salt is separated from the mixture. 5
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WORKSHEET-39
Ans. 1 : (a) 1
Ans. 2 : (c) 1
Ans. 3 : (d) 1
Ans. 4 : The process of setling down of solid particles quickly by addition of alum is known as loading. 1
Ans. 5 : By distillation process. It is the process of simultaneous vapourisation and condensation. 1
Ans. 6 : A saturated solution of a substance is the one in which no more of that substance can be dissolved.
2
Ans. 7 :
Column I Column II
(a) Oil mixed in water (iii) Decantation
(b) Iron powder mixed with flour (iv) Magnet
(c) Salt mixed with water (v) Evaporation
(d) Lady’s finger mixed with french beans (ii) Hand picking
(e) Rice flour mixed with kidney beans (i) Sieving 3
Ans. 8 : We will differentiate between the distilled water and the solution of salt water without tasting by the
process of evaporation.
On evaporation, the salt water container will leave a chalky residue which is absent from the distilled
water. 3
Ans. 9 : The method to separate each component from the mixture is given as below :
(i) Hand picking : It is used to separate iron nails from the mixture.
(ii) Decantation : The mixture is allowed to stand for some time. The clear liquid is poured to another
container to separate oil from the mixture.
(iii) Evaporation : The remaining liquid is allowed to evaporate till residue is obtained. This residue
is salt. 4
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WORKSHEET-40
Ans. 1 : (d) 1
Ans. 2 : (b) 1
Ans. 3 : (b) 1
Ans. 4 : Centrifugation is a process of separating suspended solid particles from a liquid. 1
Ans. 5 : A pure substance is a single substance of a definite composition. It contains particles of only one type,
e.g., pure copper and pure water. 1
Ans. 6 : Decantation is a method of separation used after sedimentation in which when insoluble particles
settle down, the clear liquid is poured into another container. 2
Ans. 7 : This can be done by dissolving both of them in water. Sugar gets dissolved in water while or chalk is
insoluble in water. 2
Ans. 8 : When a mixture is allowed to stand for some time, the heavier components in the mixture settle at
the bottom and the process is called sedimentation. For example, when mixture of sand and water is
allowed to stand for some time, the particles of sand settle down at the bottom of vessel . The settling
down of sand particles is called sedimentation. 1+2
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WORKSHEET-41
Ans. 1 : (b) 1
Ans. 2 : (b) 1
Ans. 3 : (c) 1
Ans. 4 : No, because both salt and sugar are soluble in water. 1
Ans. 5 : The process of conversion of water into vapour is called evaporation. 1
Ans. 6 : Sieving is a process used for separating solid components of mixtures varying in size.
It allows the fine particles to pass through the holes of the sieve while the bigger particles remain on
the sieve. It is used to separate pebbles and stones from the sand. 1+2
Ans. 7 : Sea water is allowed to stand in shallow pits. Due to solar heat, water in the pits get evaporated. After
some days, the water evaporates completely and the solid salts remain in the pits. These salts are
further purified to get pure common salt. 3
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CHAPTER
SECTION
B
6 CHANGES AROUND US
WORKSHEET-42
Ans. 1 : Yes, this change can be reversed by unfolding the dress. 1
Ans. 2 : No, this change can not be reversed. 1
Ans. 3 : The melting of coal tar is a reversible change because when coal tar is heated, it melts and is converted
into thick dark liquid which again solidifies on cooling. 2
Ans. 4 : The heating of iron is a reversible change. When a blacksmith first heats a piece of iron it becomes red
hot. It then becomes soft and can be beaten into desired shape. 2
Ans. 5 : This change can be reversed by using eraser, if a pencil is used in drawing. But if pen or paint is used
for drawing, then we can not reverse this change. 2
Ans. 6 :
Change Can be reversed
Raw egg to boiled egg No
Batter to Idli No
Wet clothes to dry clothes Yes
Woollen yarn to knitted sweater Yes
Grain to its flour No
Cold milk to hot milk Yes
Straight string to a coiled string Yes
Bud to flower No
Milk to paneer No
Cow dung to biogas No
Stretched rubber band to its normal size Yes
Ice cream to molten ice cream Yes 3
Ans. 7 : The iron blade of these tools has a ring in which wooden handle is fixed. Normally, the ring is slightly
smaller is size than the wooden handle. To fix the handle, the ring is heated and it expands to become
larger in size and now the handle easily fits into the expanded ring. On cooling the ring, it contracts
and fits tightly onto the handle. 3
Ans. 8 :
Can be reversed
S. No. Change
(Yes/No)
(i) The sawing of a piece of wood No
(ii) The melting of ice candy Yes
(iii) Dissolving sugar in water Yes
(iv) The cooking of food No
(v) The ripening of a mango No
(vi) Souring of milk No 3
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WORKSHEET-43
Ans. 1 : (b) 1
Ans. 2 : (a) 1
Ans. 3 : (d) 1
Ans. 4 : (d) 1
Ans. 5 : Chemical change. 1
Ans. 6 : Irreversible change. 1
Ans. 7 : Chemical change. 1
Ans. 8 : Physical change : (a) Drawing a line from light pencil on a paper. (b) Arranging building blocks.
(c) Ironing clothes. (d) Taking bath.
Chemical change : (a) Preparation of ghee. (b) Preparation of Dosa. (c) Rusting of iron. (d) Making
coffee. 1+1
Ans. 9 : Natural changes, e.g., a tree full of leaves becomes leafless, fixing of curd. 1+1
Ans. 10 : Slow change––ripening of fruit, fixing of curd.
Fast change––tearing a paper, grinding. 1+1
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WORKSHEET-44
Ans. 1 : (d) 1
Ans. 2 : (c) 1
Ans. 3 : (d) 1
Ans. 4 : (a) 1
Ans. 5 : (a) Daily hair growth.
(b) Daily nail growth. ½+½
Ans. 6 : Pickle adds taste to our food. Hence, pickling of lemon is a desirable change. 1
Ans. 7 : No, it is not correct because melting wax becomes solid again on cooling. 1
Ans. 8 : (a) Burning of tree––Chemical change
(b) Cutting of tree––Physical change. 1+1
Ans. 9 : (a) Growth of plant––Irreversible change.
(b) Falling of rain––Irreversible change. 1+1
Ans. 10 : No, this change cannot be reversed because the toy cannot be repaired to its previous form. 2
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WORKSHEET-45
Ans. 1 : (a) 1
Ans. 2 : (c) 1
Ans. 3 : (d) 1
Ans. 4 : (c) 1
Ans. 5 : No, because it is an irreversible change. 1
Ans. 6 : A change which repeats after a regular interval of time is known as periodic change. 1
Ans. 7 : Chemical change is permanent because in this change, an entirely new substance is formed with dif-
ferent properties. 1
Ans. 8 : When we burn a cracker, it explodes. Heat, light and smoke come out after explosion. Many new
products are formed. Hence, it is a chemical change. 2
Ans. 9 : A piece of iron is heated till it becomes red-hot. Then this red-hot iron, which is quite soft, is beaten
into desired shapes. 2
Ans. 10 : Vegetables and fruits are spoiled by bacteria and other microbes. To prevent them from spoilage, they
are stored at low temperature in refrigerator where microbes are unable to survive. 1+1
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WORKSHEET-46
Ans. 1 : (d) 1
Ans. 2 : (a) 1
Ans. 3 : (d) 1
Ans. 4 : (b) 1
Ans. 5 : When a solid is dissolved in a liquid, solution is formed. 1
Ans. 6 : Yes, this change can be reversed by unfolding the paper aeroplane. 1
Ans. 7 : Melting of wax shows a reversible change because on cooling, melted wax changes back to solid wax.
1
Ans. 8 : The changes, which can be reversed by reversing the conditions, are called reversible changes.
For example : (i) Conversion of ice into water by heating, (ii) Stretching a rubber band 1+1
Ans. 9 : (a) Yes, it can be done by condensation.
(b) Yes, it can be done by evaporation
(c) Yes, it can be done by freezing.
(d) Not possible, curd can not be converted into milk. 2
Ans. 10 : The recycling of paper gives a paper but it is not the same as the original paper. The colour and texture
of the paper change in recycling of paper. 2
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WORKSHEET-47
Ans. 1 : Periodic change : A change that repeats after a definite time interval is known as periodic change, e.g.,
phases of moon, heart-beat, etc. ½+½
Non-periodic change : A change that does not repeat again and again after a regular interval of time
is known as non-periodic change, e.g., earthquake, flood and so on. ½+½
Ans. 2 : He will not be successful in his effort because making of toy from Plaster of Paris (POP) is a change
that can not be reversed. 2
Ans. 3 : The changes that can not be reversed are given as below :
(a) Baking cake in an oven
(f) Making biogas from cow dung
(g) Burning of a candle 3
Ans. 4 : Examples of three quick natural changes are :
(a) Collapsing of a building during an earthquake.
(b) Uprooting of trees during a tempest.
(c) Tsunami. 1×3
Ans. 5 : When a candle burns, both physical and chemical changes take place. On burning a candle, the wax
melts and is solidified again on cooling. So, melting of wax is a physical change. But the burning of
candle also produces light and some gases like carbon dioxide. Hence, the burning of wick of a candle
is a chemical change. 4
Ans. 6 : These two acts lead to the different kinds of changes. The changes that take place are :
Making a lump of clay into a pot–Reversible change.
Baking the pot in an oven–Irreversible change. 4
Ans. 7 : (a) Heating of iron rod
(b) Baking of chapati
(c) Freezing of water into ice
(d) Dissolving salt in water
(e) Mixing of cement and water 1×5
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WORKSHEET-48
Ans. 1: It happens because, the heat energy required for the change is provided by the body. 2
Ans. 2 : Water pipes break because the water inside them expands as it gets close to freezing. This causes
an increase in pressure inside the pipe. When the pressure gets too high for the pipe to contain, it
breaks. 2
Ans. 3 : We know that the heating of any metal causes it to expand. In the same way, the sun heat causes the
rail tracks made up of metal to expand. So, these tracks become curved. 2
Ans. 4 : Cement bags are converted in to a hard mass due to the chemical reaction with water. A new product
is formed, which has entirely different properties. So the chemical changes cannot be reversed. 2
Ans. 5 : The changes that can not be reversed are referred to as irreversible changes.
Some examples of such changes are given below :
(i) Burning of coal
(ii) Digestion of food
(iii) Cooking of food
(iv) Formation of curd from milk 4
Ans. 6 : The changes that can be reversed are referred to as reversible changes.
Some examples of such changes are given below :
(i) Melting of ghee
(ii) Heating of milk
(iii) Folding of a paper
(iv) Drying a wet cloth 4
Ans. 7 : Reversible changes :
(a) Simba blew balloons and put them on the wall.
(d) She also made some flowers by origami (Paper folding) to decorate the house.
(e) Her father made dough balls.
(f) Mother rolled the dough balls to make puris.
(g) Mother heated oil in a pan.
Irreversible changes :
(b) Some of the balloons got burst.
(c) Paheli cut colourful strips of paper and put them on the wall with the helps of tape.
(h) Father fried the puris in hot oil. 5
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CHAPTER
SECTION
B
7 GETTING TO KNOW PLANTS
WORKSHEET-49
Ans. 1 : The unwanted plants growing in the fields are called weeds . 1
Ans. 2 : No, all the leaves do not have petioles. Leaves without petiole are called sessile. 1
Ans. 3 : Trees — Ashoka and Neem
Shrubs — Rose and Jasmine
Herbs — Tomato and Carrot
Creepers — Money plant and Strawberry ½×1=2
Ans. 4 : I think that Paheli is watering the plants correctly. She is sprinkling water on the roots from where it
can be transported to all other parts of the plant. 2
Ans. 5 : The type of leaf venation and root in plants are related in following ways :
(a) The plants having leaves with reticulate venation have tap roots. e.g., Sunflower plant.
(b) The plants having leaves with parallel venation have fibrous roots. e.g., Wheat. 1+1=2
Ans. 6 :
Plant Kind of stem

(a) Money plant Thin, long and weak. The plant spreads on the ground and is called a creeper.
(b) Bean stalk Weak stem. The plant climbs up a neighbouring support and is called climber.
(c) Gourd plants Weak stem. The plants climb up a neighbouring support and are called climbers.
(d) Grape vines Weak stem. The plants climb up a neighbouring support and are called climbers.
1× 4 = 4
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WORKSHEET-50
Ans. 1 : Yes, we can find gourd plant which needs support to climb. It is categorized as climber.
Ans. 2 : Reticulate venation is found in the leaves of tulsi, coriander and china rose. 1
Ans. 3 : Parallel venation is found in the leaves of the plant which has fibrous root. 1
Ans. 4 : Tap roots will be found in the plant having leaves with reticulate venation. 1
Ans. 5 : The correct statements are given as below :
(a) Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil.
(b) Stem holds the plant upright.
(c) Stem conducts water to the leaves.
(d) The number of petals and sepals in a flower can be equal or different.
(e) If the sepals of a flower are joined together, its petals are not necessarily joined together.
(f) If the petals of a flower are joined together, then the pistil may or may not be necessarily joined
to the petal. ½×1=3
Ans. 6 : (a) Leaf :
(b) Tap root :
(c) Flower :
Petals
Pistil
Stamen
Ovary
Sepal (Contains Ovules)
1+1+1
Ans. 7 : Function of stem :

(i) It gives support to the plant.
(ii) It conducts water and minerals form roots to leaves.
(iii) It conducts food from leaves to other parts of the plant. 1×3=3
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WORKSHEET-51
Ans. 1 : (d) 1
Ans. 2 : (b) 1
Ans. 3 : (a) 1
Ans. 4 : (a) 1
Ans. 5 : (a) sepals
(b) ovary, ovules
(c) filament, anther
(d) bud 1
Ans. 6 : Pistil is female part of a flower. 1
Ans. 7 : It is the innermost part of flower. 1
Ans. 8 : A plant with tap root system has reticulate venation while a plant with fibrous roots has parallel
venation. 1+1
Ans. 9 : Sweet potato is a modified root, meant for the storage of food material. 1+1
Ans. 10 : Arrangement of veins on the lamina of leaf is called venation. They are of two types :
(a) Reticulate venation
(b) Parallel venation. 1+1
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WORKSHEET-52
Ans. 1 : (b) 1
Ans. 2 : (a) 1
Ans. 3 : (a) 1
Ans. 4 : (b) 1
Ans. 5 : They safeguard inner parts in bud stage. 1
Ans. 6 : Yes, in cactus plant. 1
Ans. 7 : Carrot, radish. 1
Ans. 8 : Herbs are comparatively smaller plants, have green stem whereas shrubs have distinct and harder
stem with branching from near the ground. 2
Ans. 9 : (i) The stem carries water and mineral from the roots to the different parts of the plant.
(ii) The stem provides support to the branches, leaves, flowers and fruits. 1+1
Ans. 10 : The basic parts of a flower are sepals, petals, stamens and pistil. 2
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WORKSHEET-53
Ans. 1 : (d) 1
Ans. 2 : (b) 1
Ans. 3 : (b) 1
Ans. 4 : (a) 1
Ans. 5 : Tap root. 1
Ans. 6 : Grape, Bougainvillea. ½+½
Ans. 7 : Wheat and maize. ½+½
Ans. 8 : Plants are classified into herbs, shrubs, trees, climbers and creepers on the basis of their height, type
of stem and the mode of branching. 2
Ans. 9 : Three types of plants are :
(i) Herbs (ii) Shrubs (iii) Trees 3
Ans. 10 : There are two parts of leaf :
Petiole is the part of the leaf or small stalk by which the leaf is attached to the stem.
Lamina is the flat, thin and broad part with conspicuous system of veins and veinlets. 1+1
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WORKSHEET-54
Ans. 1 :
Column I Column II
(a) Flower (iii) Reproduction
(b) Leaf (ii) Photosynthesis
(c) Stem (iv) Bears branches
(d) Root (v) Anchorage
2
Ans. 2 : He did not boil the leaf in spirit to remove the green pigment, chlorophyll. For testing of starch, it is
necessary to remove the chlorophyll before performing the experiment. 2
Ans. 3 : Plants are characterised into three types on the basis of several features. One of the features is “Type
of stem” :
Trees : They are tall, have hard, thick and woody stems.
Shrubs : They are of medium height, have hard and woody stems.
Herbs : They are short and have tender, green and short stems. 3
Ans. 4 : Yes, she is correct. Rose is categorised as a shrub because it displays the following characteristics :
(i) These are medium-sized plants with least thickness and height.
(ii) It has woody stem.
(iii) These are generally bushy.
(iv) Branches are slightly above the ground.
(v) Roses are generally used for ornamental purposes. 3
Ans. 5 :
Creepers Climbers
(i) Stem is thin, delicate, weak and (i) Stem is long, flexible and goes up
unable to stand erect. entwined around the support.
(ii) May grow prostrate on ground or (ii) Take support of the nearby objects
may get buried in the topsoil. to climb.
Examples : Pumpkin, grass, etc. Example : Pea.
1½+1½
Ans. 6 : Roots perform following functions in the plant :
(a) Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil.
(b) Roots hold the plant to the soil.
(c) Roots store food. 3
Ans. 7 : No, it will not turn blue-black because the stored starch would have been used up by the plant when
kept in a dark room for a few days. Starch would not be synthesized due to absence of sunlight. 3
Ans. 8 : Yes, the stem of a plant can be compared with a street with two-way traffice because of the follow-
ing reasons :
(i) It carries water and minerals from the roots to other parts in upward direction.
(ii) It carries food from the leaves to other parts of the plant. 3
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WORKSHEET-55
Ans. 1 :
Ans. 2 : A leaf is a thin expanded outgrowth arising from the node of a stem. The part of a leaf by which it is
attached to the stem is called a petiole. The broad green part of the leaf is called lamina. The lines on
the leaf are called veins. The thick vein in the middle of the leaf is called the midrib. The design made
by the veins on the leaf is called venation. If the design is net like, it is termed as reticulate venation
whereas if the veins are parallel to each other, it is termed as parallel venation. 4
Ans. 3 :
4
Ans. 4 : Characteristics of plants are :
(i) They cannot move from one place to another.
(ii) They can prepare their own food.
(iii) These are the living organisms on the earth which are responsible for the formation of food for
all the living forms directly or indirectly.
(iv) All other organisms on the earth depend on the plants and their products for their survival.
(v) Plants grow in the soil from where they take nutrients for their growth and propagation. 5
Ans. 5 :
Flower : - Takes Part in Reproduction
5
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WORKSHEET-56
Ans. 1 : No, it is not a herb because sapling is a stage in the growth of the plant. A mango sapling would grow
into a tree. 2
Ans. 2 : He will be able to pull out grass more easily as compared to rose plant because fibrous roots are found
in grass which do not go down much deep in soil. 2
Ans. 3 : Life is not possible without plants. We should save plants. Plants give us oxygen which is essential
for life. They provide us raw materials for various purposes. They are the house of many birds and
animals. 3
Ans. 4 : (a)
(b) The leaf has reticulate venation.

(c) The grass leaves have parallel venation. 4
Ans. 5 : (a) Transpiration.
(b) This activity will show better result on a bright sunny day because transpiration is maximum in
sunlight.
(c) Small droplets of water will be seen in the polythene bag after a few hours.
(d) Polythene bag should be clean and its mouth should be sealed properly. 4
Ans. 6 : Wrong statements :
(a) Anther is a part of the pistil.
Correct statement : Anther is a part of the stamen.
(b) The visible parts of a bud are the petals.
Correct statement : The visible parts of a bud are the sepals.
(d) Leaves perform the function of transpiration only.
Correct statement : Leaves perform the functions of both photosynthesis and transpiration. 4
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CHAPTER
SECTION
B
8 BODY MOVEMENTS
WORKSHEET-57
Ans. 1 : Yes, plants shown other kinds of movements. The movements shown by plants are of following
types :
(i) Response to external stimuli
(ii) Movement of roots towards water, etc. 1+1
Ans. 2 : The table to explain the movement of animals from place to place is given below :
Body parts used for

How does the animal
Animals moving from place
move ?
to place
Cow Legs Walk
Humans Legs Walk and run
Snake Whole body Slither
Bird Wings Fly
Insect Wings/setae Fly, walk, creep and crawl
Fish Fins Swim 2
Ans. 3 : The movement depends on the type of joints which join two bones together. The body parts having
ball and socket joint move in all directions while the body parts having hinge joint move only in one
direction. 2
Ans. 4 : (a) movement
(b) skeleton
(c) hinge
(d) muscle ½×1=2
Ans. 5 : (a) False
(b) False
(c) False
(d) True
(e) True ½×1=2
Ans. 6 : The movements in our body are shown in following table :
Movement
Body
parts Rotates Rotates partly/ Does not
Bends Lifts
completely turns move at all
Neck No Yes Yes No No
Wrist Yes No Yes Yes No
Finger No No Yes No No
Knee No No Yes No No
Ankle No Yes Yes No No
Toe No No Yes No No
Back No No Yes No No
Head No No No No No
Elbow No No Yes Yes No
Arm Yes No Yes Yes No 5
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WORKSHEET-58
Ans. 1 : Middle finger has one bone. 1
Ans. 2 : Earthworm has a large number of tiny bristle projections. These bristles are connected with muscles,
which help the earthworm in fixing parts of its body to the ground. 1+1
Ans. 3 :
Column I Column II
(a) Upper jaw (iv) is an immovable joint
(b) Fish (i) have fins on the body
(vii) have a streamlined body
(c) Ribs (v) protect the heart
(d) Snail (vi) shows very slow movement
(e) Cockroach (ii) has an outer skeleton
(iii) can fly in the air 2
Ans. 4 : (a) A ball and socket joint is the joint in which the rounded end of one bone fits into the cavity
(hollow space) of the another bone. Such a joint allows movements in all directions.
(b) Lower jaw of the skull is movable.
(c) Elbow has hinge joint due to which our elbow can not move backwards. 1×3=3
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WORKSHEET-59
Ans. 1 : (a) 1
Ans. 2 : (c) 1
Ans. 3 : Snail has exoskeleton. 1
Ans. 4 : Backbone is not fixed so that we can bend it. 1
Ans. 5 : Yes, it is true. 1
Ans. 6 : Five types of joints are there in humans :
(a) Fixed joints
(b) Ball and socket joints
(c) Pivotal joints
(d) Hinge joints
(e) Gliding joints 2
Ans. 7 : Bones are rigid and non – flexible whereas cartilage is semi rigid but flexible. Bones form framework
of whole body whereas cartilage forms frame work only for a little part of body. 2
Ans. 8 :
Column I Column II
(a) Human being (iii) Legs
(b) Cow (v) Limbs
(c) Snake (iv) Whole body
(d) Eagle (ii) Wings
(e) Fish (i) Fins 3
Ans. 9 : The framework of bones and cartilage which supports the body of an animal is called its skeletal
system.
Human skeletal system is made up of 206 bones and cartilage.
The human skeletal system consists of the skull, backbone, ribs, breastbone, bones in arms and legs,
shoulder and hip bones. 3+2
Functions of the skeletal system :
(i) It forms framework of the body.
(ii) It helps to protect the delicate organs of the body in their proper positions. 3+2
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WORKSHEET-60
Ans. 1 : (c) 1
Ans. 2 : (d) 1
Ans. 3 : Skeleton provides rigid surface for attachment of muscles. 1
Ans. 4 : Forelimbs of birds are modified to wings which help them in flying. 1
Ans. 5 : Scales of fish are exoskeleton. 1
Ans. 6 : The part of skeletal system that is inside the body and covered by soft tissues is endoskeleton. It
cannot be seen from outside. One can feel or see it through X-ray photography only. 1+1
Ans. 7 : Fish has a spindle-shaped streamlined body. This shape of the body helps it to move in water. Fish
use their muscular tail and fins for swimming. 1+1
Ans. 8 : Muscles always work in pairs. When one of them contracts, the bone is pulled in that direction. The
other muscle of the pair relaxes. To move the bone in the opposite direction, the relaxed muscle con-
tracts to pull the bone to its original position. A muscle can only pull. It cannot push. 3
Ans. 9 : Cockroaches walk and climb as well as fly in the air. They have three pairs of legs which help them
in walking. The body is covered with a hard outer skeleton. This outer skeleton is made of different
units joined together which permit movement. There are two pairs of wings attached to the thorax.
The cockroaches have distinct muscles—those near the legs move the legs for walking. The thoracic
muscles move the wings when the cockroach flies. 4
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WORKSHEET-61
Ans. 1 : (b) 1
Ans. 2 : (b) 1
Ans. 3 : Cranium encloses brain. 1
Ans. 4 : The joint where our neck joins the head is a pivotal joint. 1
Ans. 5 : The bones cannot move at fixed joints. 1
Ans. 6 : The backbone extends from the neck to the hip. It consists of many small bones called vertebrae joined
end to end. The ribs are joined to these bones. 2
Ans. 7 : Cartilage is the part of the skeleton that is not as hard as the bones. It can be bent easily.
We can find the cartilage in the upper part of ear. 1+1
Ans. 8 : In ball and socket joint, the round end of one bone fits into the cavity of the other bone, e.g., thigh and
hip joint. This type of joint allows movement in all directions. 1+1
Ans. 9 : The skeleton of a bird is well-suited for flying because of its following features :
(i) Hollow bones with light weight.
(ii) Bones of forelimbs are modified as wings.
(iii) Bones of hind limbs are used for walking and perching.
(iv) Strong shoulder bones which help in flying.
(v) Breast bones hold flight muscles and are used to move the wings up and down for flying. 4
Ans. 10 : (a) (i) bones (ii) movement
(iii) contraction (iv) muscles
(v) cartilage (vi) shape
(vii) internal organs (viii) relaxation
(b) (i) Bones
(ii) cartilage
(iii) shape
(iv) movement
(v) internal organs
(vi) contraction
(vii) relaxation
(viii) muscles ½+2½
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WORKSHEET-62
Ans. 1 : (b) 1
Ans. 2 : (a) 1
Ans. 3 : Pelvic bones enclose the portion of our body below the stomach. 1
Ans. 4 : “Gait of animals” refers to the way of movement in animals. Different animals have different body parts
that help them to move. Aristotle, ancient Greek philosopher, wrote the book “Gait of Animals. 1
Ans. 5 : Fish. 1
Ans. 6 : Fixed joint is the one where there is no relative movement of the bones. The joint between the head
and the upper jaw is an example of fixed joint. 1+1
Ans. 7 : The upper part of the human ear is made up of cartilage while the earlobe consists of only muscles. 2
Ans. 8 : Earthworm fixes its front end and releases the rear end for movement. On a glass, it loses its grip. 3
Ans. 9 : Body of the snail is covered with a hard shell. This shell does not help the snail in movement. Head
of the snail may come out of an opening in the shell. The snail has a thick and strong muscular foot.
Foot moves slowly with a wavy motion. 3
Ans. 10 : Setae are bristle-like projections on the lower side of the bodies of earthworms and leeches. As earth-
worm does not have bones, muscles help it to extend and contract the body to help in its movement.
The bristles are connected with muscles. The bristles help to get a good grip on the ground. 3
Ans. 11 : Snake A will more faster than snake B because snake A contains more loops as compared to snake B.
A snake forms loops in its body while slithering. Each loop of the snake gives it a forward push by
pressing against the ground. Greater the number of loops in a snake, faster will be the speed of the
snake. 4
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WORKSHEET-63
Ans. 1 : (c) 1
Ans. 2 : (b) 1
Ans. 3 : Ball and Socket joint. 1
Ans. 4 : Hinge joint. 1
Ans. 5 : If our backbone was made of one single bone, then we would not have been able to bend from waist
of our body. 1
Ans. 6 : Earthworms are known as ‘farmer’s friends’ because they increase the fertility of soil by excreting
undigested materials in soil, as they eat soil. 2
Ans. 7 : It was detected by X-ray of his ankle. X-ray images can confirm any type of injury or fracture in the
bones. 2
Ans. 8 : During movement, the earthworm first extends the front part of the body, keeping the rear portion
fixed to the ground. Then it fixes the front end and releases the rear end. It then shortens the body and
pulls the rear end forward. This makes it move forward by a small distance. Repeating such muscle
expansions and contractions, the earthworm can move through soil. 3
Ans. 9 : (i)
Structural Functional
Fibrous Joints (fixed) : Bones held together Immovable Joint : Synarthrosis (singular),
by fibrous connective tissue incl. many col- Synarthroses (plural).
lagen fibres. No synovial/cavity/fluid.
Cartilaginous Joints (slightly movable) : Slightly movable joint : Amphiarthrosis
Bones held together by cartilage. No (singular), Amphiarthroses (plural).
synovial cavity/fluid.
Synovial Joints (incl. freely movable) : Movable Joint, or Freely movable joint :
Joint includes a synovial cavity containing Diarthrosis (singular), Diarthroses (plural).
fluid secreted by synovial membrane. Bones
forming the joint surrounded by an articular
capsule.
(ii) Value : Caring, loyal towards his friend.
(iii) The doctor has extensive knowledge of bone’s dislocations and other disorders. 5
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CHAPTER
SECTION
THE LIVING ORGANISMS AND THEIR

B
9 SURROUNDINGS
WORKSHEET-64
Ans. 1 : Non-living things are :
Plough, Sewing machine, Radio and boat. 1
Ans. 2 : Yes, the plants also respire through leaves by exchange of gases. The leaves take in air through tiny
pores in them and use the oxygen. They eliminate carbon dioxide into the air. 2
Ans. 3 : Yes, plants also respond to stimuli. For example, ‘touch-me-not’ plant (Mimosa pudica) closes its leaves
when someone touches them. 2
Ans. 4 : (i) The stem of Cactus helps to retain water.
(ii) Its leaves are modified into spines to reduce transpiration.
These adaptations help Cactus to survive in a desert. 2
Ans. 5 : (a) adaptation
(b) terrestrial
(c) aquatic
(d) abiotic
(e) stimuli 2
Ans. 6 : An example of a non-living thing is cloud which shows following characteristics of living things :
(i) Size of cloud increases or decreases.
(ii) It shows movement. 2
Ans. 7 : Yes, the following features of a lion help it to survive :
(i) Light brown colour of skin—It helps it to hide in dry grasslands when it hunts for prey.
(ii) Eyes in front of the face––Allow it to have a correct idea about the location of its prey. 3
Ans. 8 : Following non-living things were once part of a living thing :
Non-living thing Source

Butter Milk of animals
Leather Animal's skin
Wool Hair of sheep
Cooking oil Seeds of plants
Apple Fruit of apple tree
Rubber Latex of rubber tree 3
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WORKSHEET-65
Ans. 1 : (b) 1
Ans. 2 : (d) 1
Ans. 3 : (b) 1
Ans. 4 : (b) 1
Ans. 5 : Pinus, Deodar. 1
Ans. 6 : To absorb oxygen dissolved in water. 1
Ans. 7 : Camel. 1
Ans. 8 : Fish have scales all over the body and their body is streamlined also. They can see and breathe in
water, thus they are adapted to live in aquatic conditions. 1+1
Ans. 9 : Crocodile has very strong jaws, very hard back cover and can live on land also. It can live hungry for
quite a long time. It is a social animal and does sharing with group. 1+1
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WORKSHEET-66
Ans. 1 : (d) 1
Ans. 2 : (a) 1
Ans. 3 : (d) 1
Ans. 4 : (d) 1
Ans. 5 : Those animals that kill other animals for food are called predators. 1
Ans. 6 : The animals killed by predators are called prey. 1
Ans. 7 : They breathe with the help of blowholes or nostrils. 1
Ans. 8 : The small changes which take place in the body of a single organism over short period of time to
overcome small problems due to changes in the surroundings are called acclimatization. 2
Ans. 9 : The presence of specific features or certain habits, which enable a plant or an animal to live in its
habitat comfortably, is called adaptation. 2
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WORKSHEET-67
Ans. 1 : (a) 1
Ans. 2 : (d) 1
Ans. 3 : (a) 1
Ans. 4 : (d) 1
Ans. 5 : Rejection of harmful material from body is called excretion. 1
Ans. 6 : Yes. 1
Ans. 7 : Presence of gills for respiration helps a fish to live comfortably in water. 1
Ans. 8 : Biotic components include living things such as plants and animals.
Abiotic components include non-living things such as air, water, soil, rocks, heat and light, etc. 2
Ans. 9 : Adaptation does not take place in a short time. The abiotic factors of a region change over thousands
of years. The animals and plants which cannot change themselves and do not adapt to these changes
die out and those who adapt are able to survive. 2
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WORKSHEET-68
Ans. 1 : (c) 1
Ans. 2 : (c) 1
Ans. 3 : (d) 1
Ans. 4 : (a) 1
Ans. 5 : Terrestrial habitat. 1
Ans. 6 : Aquatic habitat. 1
Ans. 7 : There are two components named as biotic and abiotic components. 1
Ans. 8 : Rats and snakes escape the intense heat of the desert by hiding themselves deep into the burrows in
the sand during day. They come out during the night when it is cool outside. 2
Ans. 9 : Yaks have long hair and leopard has thick fur on its body including feet and toes to prevent them
from extreme cold. 2
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WORKSHEET-69
Ans. 1 : (d) 1
Ans. 2 : (b) 1
Ans. 3 : (a) 1
Ans. 4 : (a) 1
Ans. 5 : The surroundings where organisms live is called a habitat. 1
Ans. 6 : Terrestrial habitats – Grassland, Rice field
Aquatic habitats – Pond, Ocean. 1
Ans. 7 : Reproduction leads to the production of individuals of an organism of its own kind. It helps in
continuity of life on earth. 1
Ans. 8 : (a) Eyes of the deer are located on the sides of its head. This helps it to see in all the directions.
(b) Exchange of gases in an earthworm takes place through its moist skin. 2
Ans. 9 : (i) It has long ears to hear the movements of its predators.
(ii) Its eyes on the sides of its head help it to look in all the directions.
(iii) It has high speed of running which helps it to run away from its predators. 1×3
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WORKSHEET-70
Ans. 1 : If an organism fails to adapt to its environment, the possible consequences will be :
(i) The organism could die.
(ii) The species will become extinct. 2
Ans. 2 : Fish breathes through gills which take up dissolved oxygen present in water. When it is kept out of
the water, it is unable to respire due to difference in pressure of gas. Hence, it dies. 2
Ans. 3 : The characteristics of living things are as follows :
(i) All living things need food.
(ii) They all respire.
(iii) They exhibit growth.
(iv) They show response to stimuli
(v) All living things can reproduce their own kinds.
(vi) They exhibit movement.
(vii) All living things excrete. 4
Ans. 4 : Cactus is mostly found in the deserts.
It has the following special features to adapt itself to survive in the desert :
(i) Leaves are modified into the spines to reduce the rate of loss of water.
(ii) Stem becomes green and fleshy to take over the function of photosynthesis.
(iii) Stem is also covered with a thick layer of wax to retain water.
(iv) Its roots go deeper into the soil for better absorption of water. 4
Ans. 5 : (i) Living organisms move on their own while a car moves by burning of fuel.
(ii) Like living organisms, car does not exhibit any characteristic of living beings like respiration,
digestion, growth etc. 4
Ans. 6 : There are following adaptive features of a lion that help it in hunting :
(i) Light brown colour of skin, which helps it to hide in dry grasslands when it hunts for prey.
(ii) Eyes in front of face, which help it to know the correct location of its prey.
(iii) Powerful paws and long claws, which help it to catch and kill the prey. 4
Ans. 7 : (i) Prey : An animal hunted or caught for food.
(ii) Predator : An organism that lives by preying on other organisms is called a predator.
(iii) Acclimatization : It is the process in which an individual organism adjusts to a gradual change in
its environment (such as a change in temperature, humidity, photoperiod, or pH) allowing it to
maintain performance across a range of environmental conditions. Acclimation occurs in a short
period of time (days to weeks), and within the organism’s lifetime
(iv) Adaptation : In biology, an adaptation, also called an adaptive trait, is a trait with a current
functional role in the life history of an organism that is maintained or developed by means of
natural selection. Adaptation refers to both the current state of being adapted and to be the in
dynamic evolutionary process that leads to the adaptation.
(v) Stimuli : An agent, action, or condition that elicits or accelerates a physiological or psychological
activity response. 5
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CHAPTER
SECTION
MOTION AND MEASUREMENT

10
B OF DISTANCES
WORKSHEET-71
Ans. 1 : Bullock cart, camel cart, etc. 1
Ans. 2 : By measuring distance by a particular standard unit of measurement. 1
Ans. 3 : By marking ½, ¼ and /8 of string length.
1
1
Ans. 4 : The measurement of a room using feet of different persons will not be equal because every persons
does not have same foot length. 1
Ans. 5 : Since the length of a pace or footstep differs for every individual, so a pace or a footstep can not be
used as a standard unit of length. 1
Ans. 6 : 1 millimetre < 1 centimetre < 1 metre < 1 kilometre 1
Ans. 7 : An object is said to be at rest when it does not change its position with time. While an object is said to
be in motion when it changes its position with time. 2
Ans. 8 : (a) 100
(b) 5000
(c) Periodic motion
(d) Periodic motion
(e) Circular motion. 2
Ans. 9 : Height of the person = 1·65 m
Q 1 m = 100 cm
and 1 m = 1000 mm
\ 1·65 m = 1·65 × 100 cm = 165 cm
and 1·65 m = 1·65 × 1000 mm = 1650 mm 2
Ans. 10 : Land transport—Bus, train
Water transport—Ship, Boat
Air transport—Aeroplane, Helicopter. 1× 3 = 3
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WORKSHEET-72
Ans. 1 : (c) 1
Ans. 2 : (d) 1
Ans. 3 : (c) 1
Ans. 4 : If a body moves from its position, then it is said to be in motion. 1
Ans. 5 : When a body moves in a straight line, it is called as rectilinear motion. 1
Ans. 6 : Metre. 1
Ans. 7 : Relative two earth, we are in motion and relative to plane or any other thing in plane, we are at
rest. 2
Ans. 8 : (a) Land––motorcycle, car
(b) Water––Boat, steamer.
(c) Air––Aeroplane, helicopter. 1×3
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WORKSHEET-73
Ans. 1 : (c) 1
Ans. 2 : (b) 1
Ans. 3 : (a) 1
Ans. 4 : SI system. 1
Ans. 5 : No, it is moving slowly. 1
Ans. 6 : Millimetre, centimetre, decimetre, metre, decametre. 1
Ans. 7 : The two devices that are used to measure length are :
(i) Metre scale (ii) Screw gauge. 1+1
Ans. 8 : 1 m = 100 cm = 1000 mm
∴ The height of the given person in cm is = 1.965 × 100 = 196.5 cm
∴ The height of the given person in mm = 1.965 × 1000 = 1965 mm 2
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WORKSHEET-74
Ans. 1 : (b) 1
Ans. 2 : (c) 1
Ans. 3 : (b) 1
Ans. 4 : Wheels make rotational motion. 1
Ans. 5 : 1 cm = 10 mm 1
Ans. 6 : Time taken by the earth to revolve around the sun is called a year. 1
Ans. 7 : The two examples of a periodic motion are motion of a pendulum and motion of a child on a swing.
1+1
Ans. 8 : Foot, handspan and arm length are used to measure the length. These are inexact methods of
measurement. 2
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WORKSHEET-75
Ans. 1 : (a) 1
Ans. 2 : (d) 1
Ans. 3 : (d) 1
Ans. 4 : The comparison of an unknown quantity with a standard known quantity is known as
measurement. 1
Ans. 5 : A quantity adopted as a standard of measurement of a physical quantity is called a unit. 1
Ans. 6 : (i) The motion of a swing is an example of periodic motion.
(ii) 1 m = 100 cm ½+½
Ans. 7 : (i) Linear motion : A car moving in a straight line is an example of a linear motion.
(ii) Circular motion : Motion of blades of fan is an example of circular motion.
(iii) Rotatory motion : Rotation of earth on its axis is an example of rotatory motion. 3
Ans. 8 : (i) Length of the scale, that you are using to measure, must be greater than the length of the object.
(ii) The eye must be placed just above the point, that you are reading, otherwise there will be an error
due to parallax.
(iii) If the zero mark of the scale is damaged or the edge of the scale is not smooth, then start the
measurement from another mark. 1+1+1
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WORKSHEET-76
Ans. 1 : The screw undergoes two kinds of motions, i.e., circular and periodic motions. 2
Ans. 2 : (i) Periodic motion
(ii) Circular motion. 2
Ans. 3 : Draw a curved line CD. Take a thread and make a knot at one of its ends. Keep the knot made in the
thread on point C of the line. Place a small portion of the thread along the line, keeping it tight using
your fingers and thumb. Keep on stretching the thread on the curved line till you take the thread to
the point D of the line. Make a mark on the thread where it touches the other end of the line at point
D. Now, stretch the thread along a metre scale and the length between the knot in the beginning and
mark on the thread is measured through scale. This measured length on scale will give you the length
of the curved line CD. 4
Ans. 4 : While travelling in a train, the trees near the track look moving in opposite direction to the direction
of motion of train because there is a relative motion between moving train and trees near the track.
In case of co-passengers, the relative motion between we and co-passengers is zero, so co-passengers
appear to be stationary. 4
Ans. 5 :
Motion of wheel of a moving Motion of blade of a moving

bicycle electric fan
(i) Rotational and circular motion (i) Only circular motion.

both.
(ii) It changes position during (ii) It can not change its position.
circular motion.
It shows rectilinear motion.
(iii) (iii) It can not show rectilinear motion.
It can cover some distance in a
(iv) (iv) It can not cover any distance.
given time interval.
4
Ans. 6 : The reasons for difference in their measurements may be as follows :
(i) Their scales of measurements may not be standard.
(ii) The length of the scale used may not be proper.
(iii) Their observations may be wrong or there may have been some error in scale. 4
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CHAPTER
SECTION
LIGHT, SHADOWS AND

11
B REFLECTIONS
WORKSHEET-77
Ans. 1 : We can see the objects around us with the help of light. 1
Ans. 2 : No, we cannot see any object in a completely dark room. 1
Ans. 3 : These are opaque objects. 1
Ans. 4 : No, light cannot pass through opaque objects. 1
Ans. 5 : The dark patches formed on the ground, when light falls on the opaque objects, are called
shadows. 1
Ans. 6 : We see the shadows of opaque objects on the ground, when sunlight falls on these objects. 1
Ans. 7 : The rearrangement of boxes is shown below : 2
OPAQ
D e m o UEO BJEC TSM AKE SHAD OWS
The sentence reads—“OPAQUE OBJECTS MAKE SHADOWS”.
Ans. 8 : Classification of objects or materials is given below :
Object is Transparent/ Object is Luminous/
Object
Translucent/Opaque Non-luminous
Air Transparent Non-luminous
Water Transparent Non-luminous
Piece of rock Opaque Non-luminous
Sheet of Aluminium Opaque Non-luminous
Mirror Opaque Non-luminous
Wooden board Opaque Non-luminous
Sheet of polythene Transparent Non-luminous
CD Translucent Non-luminous
Smoke Translucent Non-luminous
Sheet of plane glass Transparent Non-luminous
Fog Translucent Non-luminous
Piece of red hot iron Opaque Luminous
Umbrella Opaque Non-luminous
Lighted fluorescent tube Opaque Luminous
Wall Opaque Non-luminous
Sheet of carbon paper Opaque Non-luminous
Flame of a gas burner Translucent Luminous
Sheet of cardboard Opaque Non-luminous
Lighted torch Opaque Luminous
Sheet of cellophane Translucent Non-luminous
Wire mesh Translucent Non-luminous
Kerosene stove Opaque Luminous
Sun Opaque Luminous
Firefly Opaque Luminous
Moon Opaque Non-luminous
qqq
WORKSHEET-78
Ans. 1 : No, we cannot observe our shadow in a dark room or at night when there is no light. 1
Ans. 2 : No, we can not observe a shadow without any opaque object. 1
Ans. 3 : Screen, like cardboard, wall, etc. 1
Ans. 4 : No, shadows are always same i.e., black in colour. 1
Ans. 5 : The pinhole image is inverted whereas the shadow is different from it. 1
Ans. 6 : The light travels in a straight line path. 1
Ans. 7 : We can see the candle through a straight pipe because the light travels in a straight line. 1
Ans. 8 : Yes, it can be a cylindrical object. When light passes through it in horizontal condition, its shadow is
circular in shape. While, when light passes through it in vertical condition, its shadow is rectangular
in shape. 2
Ans. 9 : In completely dark room, one can not see any image in the mirror because there is no light falling on
mirror which can be reflected to show the image. 2
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WORKSHEET-79
Ans. 1 : (c) 1
Ans. 2 : (c) 1
Ans. 3 : (a) 1
Ans. 4 : No. 1
Ans. 5 : Jugnu, firefly. 1
Ans. 6 : No, a screen is always needed. 1
Ans. 7 : Moon shines because of sun’s light falling on it. 2
Ans. 8 : If we make a metal red hot, it emits light. This is called incandescent body. 2
Ans. 9 : We need light source, opaque object and a screen. 2
Ans.10 : Opaque objects do not allow light to pass through them. When an opaque object is placed in the path
of light, then the light is obstructed by the object leading to the formation of a dark patch known as
the shadow of that object, which can be taken on a screen placed behind it.
Shadow formation : To form a shadow, there must be (i) a light source (ii) a screen (iii) an opaque
object placed between the light source and the screen. For shadow formation, we can follow the given
steps.
Step 1 : Take an opaque object.
Step 2 : Throw light on it from a light source.
Step 3 : Put a screen behind the object.
In this way, a shadow of an object can be obtained on the screen. 2+2
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WORKSHEET-80
Ans. 1 : (a) 1
Ans. 2 : (c) 1
Ans. 3 : (d) 1
Ans. 4 : When earth comes between sun and moon. 1
Ans. 5 : So that we can see it right in rear view mirror. 1
Ans. 6 : Two dimensional. 1
Ans. 7 : The two effects of light on plants are :
(i) Plants use light for the preparation of their own food through the process of photosynthesis.
(ii) Some plants (like sunflower) turn in the direction of light. 1+1
Ans. 8 : No, we will not be able to see our image in the mirror, as there is no source of light. We can see our
image in the mirror only when the light is reflected from the mirror. 2
Ans. 9 : A transparent glass sheet can be converted into a translucent glass sheet by the following ways :
(i) By covering one side of the glass with butter paper.
(ii) By covering one side with a thin sheet of plastic. 2
Ans.10 : Solar Eclipse : When the sun, the earth and the moon come in a straight line with the moon in between
the earth and the sun, then the shadow of the moon falls on the earth. This results in solar eclipse.
Solar eclipse occurs on a new moon day.
Lunar Eclipse : When the sun, the earth and the moon come in a straight line with the earth in between
the moon and the sun, then the shadow of the earth falls on the moon. This results in Lunar eclipse.
Lunar eclipse takes place on a full moon day. The shadow consists of two parts. One part is completely
darke part of the shadow, where light does not reach from the source of light and this part is known
as umbra. Other part is not completely dark, where some light reaches from the source of light and
this part is known as penumbra. Penumbra surrounds the umbra.
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WORKSHEET-81
Ans. 1 : (a) 1
Ans. 2 : (c) 1
Ans. 3 : (d) 1
Ans. 4 : No, clear image cannot be formed. 1
Ans. 5 : Materials through which light can pass partially are called translucent materials. We cannot see clearly
through them. For example : Wax paper. 1
Ans. 6 : Light is a source of energy. It cannot be seen but it enables us to see things. 1
Ans. 7 : Some important properties of light are as follows :
(i) Light always travels in a straight line, which is called rectilinear propagation of light.
(ii) When light is obstructed by the opaque object, then a shadow of the object is formed behind it.
(iii) Light exhibits the property of reflection. 2
Ans. 8 :
S. No. Translucent object Transparent object
(a) They allow the light to pass partially Allow light to pass through them com-
through them. pletely.
(b) Objects can be seen, but not clearly.Objects can be seen clearly.
(c) Butter paper and wax paper are exam- Glass and Air are examples of objects.
ples of objects.
Ans. 9 : Sometimes the shadow was not obtained due to following reasons :
(i) The direction of the torch light is not towards screen.
S O L U T I O3 N S P-53
(ii) The screen is away from the ball.
(iii) The torch is kept away from the ball. 3
Ans. 10 : The light always travels in a straight line. This can be shown by performing a simple activity. For this,
first of all let us take three cardboards of equal size. Now, a hole is made at the centre of each cardboard
at the same level. The three cardboard are placed on a flat table and aligned linearly as shown in the
figure.
A candle is lighted at one end of the table with its flame at the level of the holes and is seen at the
other end. It is observed that the light of the candle is seen effortlessly. Now, the middle one of the
three cardboards is displaced from its position. Now, we are unable to see the light. The reason behind
this is that the light travelling in the straight line is obstructed due the misalignment of the cardboard.
This proves that light always travels in a straight line. 4
Ans. 11 : We can see the shadow of a football kept at the ground in flood lights because the ground of stadium
acts as a screen for it but one cannot see its shadow when it is kicked high in the air because now
ground will not act as screen due to more distance between ground and football. If we take an object
away from the screen, the image becomes smaller and ultimately, it disappears from the screen. 4
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WORKSHEET-82
Ans. 1 : (c) 1
Ans. 2 : (c) 1
Ans. 3 : (b) 1
Ans. 4 : Materials that allow light to pass through them are called transparent materials. We can see clearly
through them. For example. Glass. 1
Ans. 5 : Materials that do not allow light to pass through them are called opaque materials. We cannot see
through them. For example : Wood. 1
Ans. 6 : The light from the face strikes at the mirror and is reflected from it and reaches our eyes. Hence, we
are able to see our face in the mirror. 1
Ans. 7 : (i) The colour of the shadow of an objects does not depend on colour of the object.
(ii) Transparent objects allow light to pass through them completely. 1+1
Ans. 8 : We can obtain more than one shadow of an objects at a time when we place the object in front of a
mirror and put the light source behind the object. 2
Ans. 9 : No, a bird or an aeroplane flying high in the sky does not cast its shadow on the ground. They can
cast shadow only when they are near the ground. 2
Ans. 10 : No, the shadow will not be formed in each case. The shadow will be formed in case of a sheet of
plywood and a piece of muslin cloth, while, the shadow will not be formed in case of transparent glass,
because light is allowed to pass through it.
A dark shadow will be formed by a piece of plywood because it is opaque and can block the path of
light completely. A lighter shadow will be formed by a piece of muslin cloth as it allows light to pass
through it partially. 5
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CHAPTER
SECTION
12
B ELECTRICITY AND CIRCUITS
WORKSHEET-83
Ans. 1 : The filament of the bulb glows, when we switch on the torch. 1
Ans. 2 : It is so because there should be a path for the flow of electricity in a complete circuit. 1
Ans. 3 : Metals such as aluminium, copper, etc. (which are good conductors of electricity). 1
Ans. 4 : (a) Switch
(b) Two. ½+½
Ans. 5 : (a) True
(b) False
(c) False 1
Ans. 6 : The bulb will not glow because the circuit is disconnected due to presence of an insulator in be-
tween. 1
Ans. 7 : Yes, the torch bulb will glow in this arrangement because the bulb is connected with the cell directly
at one terminal and other terminal is connected with the negative of the cell with a wire. 2
Ans. 8 : We must join one end of the wire with the free end of cell and the other end with the bulb to complete
the circuit. The bulb will glow. 2
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WORKSHEET-84
Ans. 1 : No, because eraser is made up of rubber which is a bad conductor of electricity. 1
Ans. 2 : Yes, bulb will glow because current will flow from positive to negative terminals of the cell. 1
Ans. 3 : The object is a conductor because electricity can pass through only a conductor and not through as
insulator. 1
Ans. 4 : The rubber gloves are insulators. So an electrician, should use them to save himself from electric shock,
while repairing an electric switch. 1
Ans. 5 : Yes, we can draw a line on the figure indicating the complete circuits as follows :
+
– line
Cell –
Ans. 6 :
Object used in Material it is made Bulb glows ?

place of the switch of (Yes/No)
1. Key Metal Yes
2. Eraser Rubber No
3. Scale Plastic No
4. Matchstick Wood No
5. Glass bangle Glass No
6. Iron nail Metal Yes 2
7. Note book Paper No
Ans. 7 : Switch is a simple device that is used to either break or complete the electric circuit. Electric gadgets
that have switches built into them are microwaves, oven, fridge, rice cooker, automatic electric iron,
toasters etc. 2
Ans. 8 : Plastic and rubber both are insulators. So, they protect the electrician from electric shocks. 2
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WORKSHEET-85
Ans. 1 : (b) 1
Ans. 2 : (d) 1
Ans. 3 : (b) 1
Ans. 4 : In circuit A, the cell will be used up very rapidly because all the current will discharge through the
wire very rapidly as no appliance is connected between the + ve and – ve terminals. 1
Ans. 5 : It is a form of energy. 1
Ans. 6 : Fan, bulb. 1
Ans. 7 : It can convert chemical energy into electricity and can also store it. 2
Ans. 8 : Materials through which electric current cannot flow are called as insulators. For example : rubber.
2
Ans. 9 : An electric cell consists of a cylindrical pot which is covered by a thick paper sheet.
It consists of two terminals. One is called positive terminal and the other is called negative terminal.
The metal cap is the positive terminal and the metal disc is the negative terminal of the electric cell.
The production of electric current takes place due to the chemical reactions inside the cell. The chemi-
cals are present between the outermost covering of the cell and carbon rod. 4
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WORKSHEET-86
Ans. 1 : (a) 1
Ans. 2 : (d) 1
Ans. 3 : (c) 1
Ans. 4 : When current passes through filament, it gets red hot and emits light. 1
Ans. 5 : Positive terminal to Negative terminal. 1
Ans. 6 : We generally arrange cells in series. 1
Ans. 7 : Some devices which make use of the electric cells are : (i) Transistor radio, (ii) Camera, (iii) Wrist watch,
(iv) Alarm clock. 2
Ans. 8 : The two insulators are :
(i) Plastic (ii) Rubber
The two conductors are :
(i) Aluminium (ii) Copper 2
Ans. 9 : An electric switch is a device used to complete or break an electric circuit. Usually, it is manually
operated.
Purpose of using electric switch : In ‘ON’ position, the switch allows the current to flow through the
circuit. Thus, the circuit becomes a closed circuit.
In ‘OFF’ position, the switch does not allow current to flow through the circuit. Thus , the circuit
becomes an open circuit.
Examples : Electrical appliances such as fans, electric lamps, washing machines, juicer and mixer, TV,
radio, etc, have switches. 1+2+1
qqq
WORKSHEET-87
Ans. 1 : (c) 1
Ans. 2 : (b) 1
Ans. 3 : (a) 1
Ans. 4 : To take out wire ends, plastic ends need to be removed. 1
Ans. 5 : It is a source of electricity. 1
Ans. 6 : Materials through which electric current can flow are called conductors. 1
Ans. 7 : Current flows in our house appliances through the main switch. When it is turned off, flow of current
stops and our lights and fans go off. 3
Ans. 8 : Yes, he will be able to make the bulb glow. It can be understood with the help of following circuit
diagram :
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WORKSHEET-88
Ans. 1 : (a) 1
Ans. 2 : (b) 1
Ans. 3 : (a) 1
Ans. 4 : The electric cell produces electricity due to chemical reactions that occur inside it. 1
Ans. 5 : We get an electric shock because our body is a conductor of electricity. 1
Ans. 6 : When the filament of a bulb is broken, it is called a fused bulb. 1
Ans. 7 : When two or more than two electric cells are connected together in such a way that the positive ter-
minal of one cell is connected to the negative terminal of the other, then we call it a battery. A simple
connection showing the combination of two electric cells to form a battery is shown below :
Ans. 8 : The cells used in calculators are known as button cells, as they resemble the shape of a button. The
plates of these cells are made from compounds of nickel and cadmium. The main advantage of these
cells is that they can stay in an active stage for months without any leakage. 2+1
Ans. 9 : (i) Current will flow from Q to P in figure A and current will flow from P to Q in figure B. This is
because the direction of current is always flow from Positive terminal to Negative terminal of a
circuit.
(ii) Yes, the bulb will glow in both the cases. Because the circuit is complete in both cases.
(iii) No, the brightness of the glowing bulb does not depend on the direction of current through it.
2+1+1
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WORKSHEET-89
Ans. 1 : Human body is a good conductor of electricity because if we stand barefoot on the ground and touch
an electric wire, we will get an electric shock. 2
Ans. 2 : It is compulsory to keep a fire extinguisher near the meter room of housing societies so that it can be
used easily to douse electric fires caused by electric sparks. 3
Ans. 3 : (i) Rubber gloves and rubber slippers are insulators which can not conduct electricity. So they were
given by Paheli to protect her father from electric shock.
(ii) Values shown by Paheli are love, concern and presence of mind. 3
Ans. 4 : (i) Light helps us to see an object.
(ii) It converts chemical energy into light energy.
(iii) The values exhibited by Ravi are caring, love and presence of mind. 3
Ans. 5 : The possible reasons for this can be :
(i) The torch bulb may be fused.
(ii) The cells are not placed in the correct order.
(iii) The connecting wires may be broken up. 4
Ans. 6 : Activity you perform Device
(1) Get light Torch
(2) Get the hot water Geyser
(3) Get the cold water Refrigerator
(4) Get the moving air Fan
(5) Do the mechanical work Motor
(6) Watch movies Television 5
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CHAPTER
SECTION
13
B FUN WITH MAGNETS
WORKSHEET-90
Ans. 1 : Iron, nickel, cobalt, etc. 1
Ans. 2 : There may be two types of objects in the classroom, viz. magnetic as well as non-magnetic.
Magnetic objects : Objects made up of iron, nickel, etc.
Non-magnetic objects : Objects made up of wood, plastic, cloth, glass, etc. 2
Ans. 3 : Yes, iron is attracted by the magnet. 1
Ans. 4 : Non-magnetic materials are cloth, plastic, aluminium, wood and glass. 1
Ans. 5 : The soil is non-magnetic material. 1
Ans. 6 : (i) False (ii) True (iii) True (iv) False
(v) True (vi) True (vii) False 2
Ans. 7 : In a pencil sharpener, the blade is made of iron and when it comes in contact with magnet, iron is
attracted by the magnet. 2
Ans. 8 :
Column I Column II
N–N Repulsion
N–S Attraction
S–N Attraction
S–S Repulsion 2
Ans. 9 : (i) bar magnet, horse-shoe magnet, cylindrical magnet
(ii) magnetic materials
(iii) magnetic
(iv) bar magnet
(v) two 3
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WORKSHEET-91
Ans. 1 : We can help the tailor to find the needle by using a magnet. 1
Ans. 2 : Yes 1
Ans. 3 : No. 1
Ans. 4 : We can find the direction of our classroom from the main gate of school with the help of a bar magnet.
1
Ans. 5 : It can be found out by sprinkling some iron filings on both bars. Iron fillings get attracted towards
magnet but not towards iron bar. 2
Ans. 6 : (i) Directs North-South directions.
(ii) Attracts objects made of iron, nickel or cobalt. 2
Ans. 7 : The poles of a bar magnet are located at the two ends of the bar magnet. One pole is North (N) and
other is South (S). 2
Ans. 8 : The bar magnet is hanged freely with the help of a thread. The end pointing to north is the north pole
of the magnet. 2
Ans. 9 : When we rub the given iron strip by magnet than it will become magnet. 2
Ans. 10 : The needle of the compass indicates North-South direction, when it comes to the rest. By knowing
North-South directions, one can always find out East and West directions. 2
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WORKSHEET-92
Ans. 1 : (a) 1
Ans. 2 : (b) 1
Ans. 3 : (a) 1
Ans. 4 : Magnetite is one of the natural ores of iron and also known as natural magnet. 1
Ans. 5 : It will get demagnetized due to continuous striking to land. 1
Ans. 6 : Magnet use was first discovered in Greece. 1
Ans. 7 : The two magnetic materials are :
(i) Iron (ii) Cobalt.
The two non-magnetic materials are :
(i) Leather (ii) Plastic 1+1
Ans. 8 : Temporary magnet is the magnet which loses its magnetism as soon as the source of magnetism is
removed. It is usually made up of soft iron. 2
Ans. 9 : The poles of the bar magnet are located at its two end points.
Place a magnet on paper and sprinkle some iron filings on it. It is observed that the iron filings get
attracted more strongly towards the two ends of the magnet as compared to its central portion indicat-
ing that the poles are located at these two ends of the magnet.
4+1
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WORKSHEET-93
Ans. 1 : (c) 1
Ans. 2 : (d) 1
Ans. 3 : (c) 1
Ans. 4 : Hard steel and alloy are used to make permanent magnet. 1
Ans. 5 : No, the two pieces will act as individual magnets. 1
Ans. 6 : They repel each other. 1
Ans. 7 : The important properties of a magnet are given as follows :
(a) They have directive property, i.e., when suspended freely, a magnet always aligns itself in north-
south direction.
(b) They have attractive property, i.e., a magnet attracts magnetic materials like iron, cobalt and nickel
towards itself. 1+1
Ans. 8 : A magnetic keeper is a piece of soft iron. In keepers, two magnets are arranged with their opposite
poles lying side by side. A piece of wood should be kept between them and two pieces of soft iron
should be (keepers) placed across the poles. 1+1
Ans. 9 : (i) Magnets can lose their magnetic properties if :
(a) exposed to heat.
(b) they are dropped or hanged on enough to bump their domains out of alignment.
(c) They are burnt up to their curie point (the temperature at which they get demagnetized
completely.)
(ii) Safety measures to follows while storing horseshoe magnets :
(a) Always wear safety goggles when handling large magnets.
(b) Always wear gloves when handling magnets to prevent pinching.
(c) Children should NEVER be allowed to play with NEODYMIUM magnets
(d) Keep magnets at least 20 cm away from sensitive electronic and storage devices.
(iii) When the magnet is suspended freely with the thread, it aligns itself in the geographic north-south
direction. We use this property of magnet in compass to give us the directions at a particular
place.
The diagram of the compass is shown in the figure below :
4+1
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WORKSHEET-94
Ans. 1 : (d) 1
Ans. 2 : (c) 1
Ans. 3 : (b) 1
Ans. 4 : A material which shows an attraction for magnetic materials such as iron, cobalt and nickel is called
a magnet. When it is suspended freely, it points in the geographical north-south direction. 1
Ans. 5 : In an electric bell, U-shaped magnet is used. 1
Ans. 6 : A freely suspended magnet always aligns itself in the geographical north-south direction. 1
Ans. 7 : A magnet can be demagnetized :
(i) By heating,
(ii) By hammering the magnet violently. 1×2
Ans. 8 : (i) Attractive property : A magnet has the property to attract some substance like iron, cobalt and
nickel when brought near it. This property of magnet is called the attractive property.
(ii) Directive property : If we suspend a magnet freely with a thread, then it always aligns itself in
the geographic north-south direction when it comes to rest. This is called the directive property
of a magnet. 2
Ans. 9 : It can found in following ways :
(i) Suspend the bar magnet with marked poles freely using a stand and thread.
(ii) Bring the another magnet slowly near the south pole of the suspended magnet.
(iii) If the magnet attracts towards it, then it will be the north pole of another magnet and vice-versa.
(iv) Repeat the same procedure with third magnet. Like poles repel each other while unlike poles
attract. 4
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WORKSHEET-95
Ans. 1 : (d)
Ans. 2 : (c)
Ans. 3 : (b)
Ans. 4 : (i) Two (ii) More ½+½
Ans. 5 : She could not succeed because the pins were made of stainless steel which is a non-magnetic material
and can not be attracted by a magnet. 1
Ans. 6 : It will be tested by using a magnet. If ‘tea dust’ is adulterated with iron powder, it will stick onto the
magnet. 1
Ans. 7 : Earth behaves like a huge bar magnet, with poles at its ends. The north pole of this bar magnet
points approximately towards the geographical south pole and its south pole points approximately
towards the geographical north pole. The north pole of a freely suspended magnet points towards the
geographical north pole because it is attracted by the earth’s magnetic south pole and the south pole
of a freely suspended magnet points towards the geographical south pole because it is attracted by
the earth’s magnetic north pole. Hence, the freely suspended magnet always aligns itself in the north-
south direction. 3
Ans. 8 : Magnets have various uses. They are used in magnetic compass, electric motors, refrigerator doors,
electric bells, T.V., radio, computers, etc. 1×3
Ans. 9 : Following steps are used to prepare a magnetic compass by using an iron needle and a bar magnet:
(i) Take a small piece of cork, and the magnetised needle (which can be magnetised by using a bar
magnet).
(ii) Take a cup filled with water and let the cork float on it; the needle should not touch the water.
(iii) Now, compass is ready to work. Note the direction in which the needle points when the cork is
floating.
(iv) Rotate the cork in different directions. Note the direction in which the needle points when the
cork begins to float again without rotating. We see that the needle always points in the same
direction, when the cork floats without rotation.
Fig. : Activity Showing Magnetic Compass by

Using Iron Needle and a Bar Magnet
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WORKSHEET-96
Ans. 1 : Yes, Riya can help her mother to find the needle by using a magnet. Since needle is made of iron so
it will easily stick to the magnet. 2
Ans. 2 : A very strong magnetic field is created by electrified coils in the guideway walls, which propels the
trains. 2
Ans. 3 : On breaking a magnet into five pieces, each piece will behave as a magnet because each piece of
magnet consists of both north poles and south poles. So, five north poles will be present in the broken
pieces. 2
Ans. 4 : When Boojho kept a magnet close to an ordinary iron bar, then it became a temporary magnet and
small magnetic materials like pin, iron filing etc could be attracted by it. So iron bar attracted a pin.
On removing the magnet, it again becomes an iron bar which does not attract any material. 5
Ans. 5 : Yes, the two pieces will act as individual magnets, because the magnetic poles always exist in pairs. A
single pole of magnet never exists. The poles of two pieces of magnet are :
5
Activity :
(i) Place the magnets A and B on the table.
(ii) Bring the north pole of magnet A towards the north pole of magnet B. They repel each other.
(iii) Now, bring the north pole of magnet A towards the south pole of magnet B, they will be
attracted. 5
Ans. 6 : Arrangement to store a U-shaped magnet : One metal plate is placed across the two poles of the U-
shaped magnet to store it.
Fig. : (U-shaped magnet)

Arrangement to store a Bar magnet : Bar magnets should be kept in pairs with their unlike poles on
the same side. They must be separated by a piece of wood while two pieces of soft iron should be
placed across their ends.
Fig. : (Arrangement to store bar magnets)

2½+2½
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CHAPTER
SECTION
14
B WATER
WORKSHEET-97
Ans. 1 : About two glasses of water. 1
Ans. 2 : The rate of evaporation increases when we spread school uniform near an angithi or a heater and it
would dry quickly. 1
Ans. 3 : The cold surface of cooled bottle cools the air around it due to which water vapours of the air condense
on the surface of bottle and we notice a puddle of water around it. 1
Ans. 4 : We notice tiny water droplets, i.e., dew on leaves or metal surfaces like iron grills and gates on a cold
morning. 1
Ans. 5 : People living in different regions of a country do not get the same amount of water because availability
of water depends on the following factors :
(i) Annual rain fall
(ii) Distance from source of water, i.e., river, pond, etc. 2
Ans. 6 : People living in desert region do not get adequate amount of water due to scarcity of water in that
region.
They manage to live with a small amount of water by adopting water conservation techniques. 2
Ans. 7 : In above question, the process taking place is condensation. In such process, water vapour is allowed
to cool which converts vapour to liquid form due to low temperature. 2
It does not take place in summer due to high temperature which does not allow water vapour to cool
down.
Ans. 8 : (a) evaporation
(b) condensation
(c) drought
(d) floods ½×1=2
Ans. 9 : (a) Condensation
(b) Evaporation
(c) Condensation
(d) Evaporation
(e) Evaporation 2
Ans. 10 : (a) False
(b) False
(c) True
(d) False
(e) True 2
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WORKSHEET-98
Ans. 1 : (d) 1
Ans. 2 : (d) 1
Ans. 3 : In all three states, i.e., solid, liquid and vapour. 1
Ans. 4 : H2O. 1
Ans. 5 : It has many salts dissolved in it, that’s why it is saline. 1
Ans. 6 : Water from the ocean and surface of earth goes into air as vapour through evaporation and transpira-
tion where it cools down and forms tiny water droplets through condensation. These then turn into
clouds and returns as rain. 2
Ans. 7 : Water evaporates from sea, lakes and other water surfaces. Water also evaporates from wet lands,
clothes, etc. Water also evaporates from plant as transpiration. 2
Ans. 8 : Only surface water freezes as ice, but below the frozen surface, temperature does not fall below 4°C.
This temperature is optimum for the survival of aquatic animals in arctic region. 2
Ans. 9 : Water is used :
(i) for drinking and cooking
(ii) for bathing and cleaning.
(iii) in agriculture, to produce food.
(iv) in Industries, to perform different activities.
(v) for generating electricity. 4
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WORKSHEET-99
Ans. 1 : (a) 1
Ans. 2 : (b) 1
Ans. 3 : Evaporation. 1
Ans. 4 : When temperature gets down, vapour condenses to form water. 1
Ans. 5 : By desalinization, of the water from sea. 1
Ans. 6 : Yes, oxygen is soluble in water. This is the source of oxygen supply for aquatic habitats. 2
Ans. 7 : If water reaches earth in the frozen form, it is called hail. 2
Ans. 8 : Water is the medium by which plant sucks all necessary minerals from soil, takes food to various parts
and absorbs oxygen. Water is also necessary for photosynthesis. 2
Ans. 9 : Snow on the mountains melts into water. This water flows down the mountains in the form of rivers
and streams. Some water that falls on land as rain also flows into rivers and streams. Most of the rivers
cover long distances on land after passing through various regions and ultimately reaches into a sea
or an ocean. 4
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WORKSHEET-100
Ans. 1 : (a), 1
Ans. 2 : (c), 1
Ans. 3 : Liquid form of water has the highest density. 1
Ans. 4 : Water cycle plays an important role in the maintaining global climate as :
(i) Water cycle maintains the temperature on land.
(ii) Water cycle regulates the ground water level. 1
Ans. 5 : Sea water contains large amount of salt in dissolved state. Hence, it is not fit for drinking. 1
Ans. 6 : For marine life, ocean is most important and vital. It provides them habitats and it is the source of
oxygen. Without oxygen they won’t be able to breathe, move and will die. 2
Ans. 7 : Oxygen is slightly soluble in water. Fish and aquatic plants need oxygen to survive and they inhale
this dissolved oxygen for their survival 2
Ans. 8 : Lakes and ponds are formed by the collection of rain water in low lying areas and leakages from the
ground water reserves also add water to it. 2
Ans. 9 : Sea water reaches a lake or pond through water cycle. It is shown as below :
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WORKSHEET-101
Ans. 1 : (d) 1
Ans. 2 : (a) 1
Ans. 3 : When rainfall does not happen for more than a year in a region, then that region faces a deficiency of
water, which is known as drought. 1
Ans. 4 : Fog is a form of condensed water vapours on dust particles in air and it occurs near the surface of the
earth during winter season. 1
Ans. 5 : Plants lose their excess water through their pores of leaves, in the vapour form. This process is called
transpiration. 1
Ans. 6 : Wet clothes dry up due to the evaporation of water. Rise in temperature of the surroundings increases
the rate of evaporation. 2
Ans. 7 : Water is called the universal solvent because it dissolves most of the salts and substances in it. 2
Ans. 8 : Engines release large amount of heat. This heat gets consumed in the conversion of water (present in
radiator) into water vapours, therefore engine parts do not heat up. 2
Ans. 9 : We get salt back from the salt solution by means of evaporation. When salt solution is heated by
keeping it in the sun in a plate for few hours, the water will be evaporated leaving behind the salt. 4
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WORKSHEET-102
Ans. 1 : (c) 1
Ans. 2 : (d) 1
Ans. 3 : The two sources of natural water are :
(i) Rivers
(ii) Lakes 1
Ans. 4 : The activities, in which water is being used are given as below :
(i) Bathing
(ii) Washing of clothes. ½+½
Ans. 5 : (i) Washing of clothes
(ii) Irrigation. ½+ ½
Ans. 6 : We can conserve water by following ways :
(i) Do not waste water and repair all the leaking water taps.
(ii) Do not use drinking water in garden or in cleaning.
(iii) Do not throw any waste in ponds or rivers to prevent their pollution. 3
Ans. 7 : The water vapours that go into air, rise up along with air. As the air moves up, water vapours get cooler
and cooler. At sufficient heights, air becomes so cool that the water vapours present in it condense into
tiny droplets of water. When these water droplets come closer they combine to form slightly bigger
droplets. In this way, their size becomes larger. Once the size of these droplets becomes large, they
collectively appear to us as clouds. 3
Ans. 8 : Water from the oceans and surface of the earth goes into air as vapours and returns as rain, hail or
snow and finally goes back to the oceans. The circulation of water in this manner is known as water
cycle. The circulation of water between ocean and land is a continuous process. It maintains the sup-
ply of water on land. 3
Ans. 9 : In this process, the rain water is collected from the rooftop to a storage tank, through pipes. This water
may contain soil from the roof and need filtering before it is used. Instead of collecting rain water in
the tank, the pipes can go directly into a pit in the ground. This then seeps into the soil to recharge
the ground water.
Fig. : Rooftop Rain Water Harvesting

5
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WORKSHEET-103
Ans. 1 : (i) Condensation
(ii) Evaporation
(iii) Condensation
(iv) Evaporation 2
Ans. 2 : Wet clothes placed on a clothesline get dry after some time due to evaporation. In this process, water
present in wet clothes is converted into water vapour which is released into atmosphere. 2
Ans. 3 : Moving air gets heated in the presence of sunlight. This warm air provides heat to water for
evaporation, when kept under the shade of a tree . 2
Ans. 4 : The presence of concrete reduces the seepage of rain water into the ground which lowers the water
table. 2
Ans. 5 : There is a need for conserving water due to following two reasons :
(i) To meet the demand of water due to increase in population.
(ii) Recharging of ground water for getting fresh water. 2
Ans. 6 : Some water pipes burst in winters because during winter, cold develops enormous pressure in the
pipes and due to this high pressure, water pipes burst.
Ans. 7 : Yes, cutting of trees is responsible for droughts and floods. Cutting of trees disrupts the natural water
cycle. Trees are natural water tanks. They absorb water during rain. When we cut trees, water can’t
be absorbed, so it has to go where gravity takes it, which causes flood.
Deforestation and soil erosion would dry up the place where it happens, since water isn’t absorbed.
This causes drought. 3
Ans. 8 : Water is getting polluted :
(i) By industrial waste
(ii) By human activities
Measures to stop water pollution :
(i) We should not throw waste materials and garbage into water.
(ii) We should sensitize people about harmful effects of water pollution.
Associated Value : We should discourage any activity in our life that may cause water pollution. 4
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CHAPTER
SECTION
15
B AIR AROUND US
WORKSHEET-104
Ans. 1 : We might not have seen air but its presence can be felt. 1
Ans. 2 : The amount of oxygen decreases at high altitude. So, for normal breathing, mountaineers carry oxygen
cylinders with them, while climbing high mountains. 1
Ans. 3 : Charcoal has activated carbon which absorbs air pollutants, dust, pollen, etc. Due to this reason, traffic
policemen wear mask with charcoal lining. 1
Ans. 4 : The supply of air (oxygen) cuts off by using woollen blanket. So, to stop the burning of object, one is
advised to wrap a woollen blanket over it. 1
Ans. 5 : Oxygen. 1
Ans. 6 : The dust particles present in air stick to transparent glass of windows. These particles also attract
other elements like pollen to collect on glass. That‘s why, transparent glass of windows if not wiped
off appears hazy. 2
Ans. 7 : Tiny air bubbles are seen in water due to heating. If boiled water kept in airtight container is
reboiled, there will be no bubbles due to the absence of air. 2
Ans. 8 : Air consists of :
Nitrogen — 78·09%
Oxygen — 20·95%
Carbon dioxide — 0·03 – 0·04%
Other gases like — traces
He, H2 ,etc. 2
Ans. 9 : Take a burning candle which is fixed in a tumbler containing water. The candle is covered by an inverted
glass. After some time, the covered candle gets extinguished and water rises upto 1/5th of the glass. It
shows that air supports burning. 2
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WORKSHEET-105
Ans. 1 : (c) 1
Ans. 2 : (a) 1
Ans. 3 : (d) 1
Ans. 4 : Blanket stops supply of oxygen, thus fire extinguishes. 1
Ans. 5 : Respiration. 1
Ans. 6 : Photosynthesis. 1
Ans. 7 : Aquatic animals take the dissolved oxygen/air in water for respiration. 2
Ans. 8 : The air consists of following :
Nitrogen (78%), Oxygen (21%), Carbon dioxide, water vapours, dust and other gases. 2
Ans. 9 : On a sunny day, go to a room which is a little bit dark. In this room, choose a thin opening through
which light can enter the room. If there is no opening in the room, then make one. From this opening
we will see that a sharp beam of sunlight enters the room.
In this beam, we will observe that there are some tiny solid– like particles moving freely. These particles
are the dust particles, and this shows the presence of dust particles in air. 4
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WORKSHEET-106
Ans. 1 : (b) 1
Ans. 2 : (b) 1
Ans. 3 : (b) 1
Ans. 4 : Glucose and oxygen. 1
Ans. 5 : Dry ice. 1
Ans. 6 : Inert gases do not react with other elements. 1
Ans. 7 : The activities that are possible due to the presence of air are as follows :
(i) Respiration and water cycle
(ii) Flying of birds and aeroplanes
(iii) Dispersal of seeds.
(iv) Rotation of the windmill. 2
Ans. 8 : As we move up in the atmosphere, the air becomes thin. Because of this, mountaineers feel little difficulty
in inhaling oxygen. To overcome this problem they carry oxygen cylinders along with them. 2
Ans. 9 : Take a candle and fix it at the centre of a glass vessel. Add some quantity of water in the vessel. Now
place an empty dry glass jar over it. Mark five lines at an equal distance above the water surface. Now,
carefully light the candle and cover the glass jar. Wait for a few seconds and now the flame will be
extinguished due to absence of oxygen to burn.
Now, we can observe that the water level raised in the glass jar is 1/5 of the volume of air present in
the glass jar. This experiment shows that one-fifth of air is oxygen.
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WORKSHEET-107
Ans. 1 : (c) 1
Ans. 2 : (a) 1
Ans. 3 : (b) 1
Ans. 4 : It acquires the shape of the vessel. 1
Ans. 5 : Air in motion is called wind. 1
Ans. 6 : Oxygen in the atmosphere is essential for respiration. 1
Ans. 7 : The air is considered a mixture because of the following reasons :
(a) Air consists of many gases like oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, etc.
(b) The composition of air varies from place to place. 3
Ans. 8 : No, winnowing is not possible in a closed room. The reason is that winnowing needs wind, which
occurs only when air moves. Since, there is no wind in a closed room, no winnowing can take place.
3
Ans. 9 : (a) A firki does not rotate in a closed area due to no air movement.
(b) The arrow of weather cock points towards a particular direction at a particular moment as it shows
the direction of movement of air.
(c) An empty glass in fact is not empty because it is filled with air.
(d) Breathing through mouth may harm us because dust particles present in air may also get inhaled
which are harmful. 4
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WORKSHEET-108
Ans. 1 : (c) 1
Ans. 2 : (b) 1
Ans. 3 : (d) 1
Ans. 4 : The layer of air around the earth is known as atmosphere. 1
Ans. 5 : Carbon dioxide is used by green plants to make their food. 1
Ans. 6 : The most abundant gas in our atmosphere is nitrogen. 1
Ans. 7 : (a) A windmill is a machine that harnesses wind energy to grind grain, pump water, or generate
electricity.
(b) The windmill is used to draw water from tube wells and to run flour mills. They are also used to
generate electricity. 1×3
Ans. 8 : Both plants and animals are interdependent on each other for their survival. Plants cannot survive for
long without animals, as they need CO2 for photosynthesis, which is exhaled by animals. Similarly,
in absence of plants, there will be no oxygen for animals to breathe in. Hence we can say that both
need each other and the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is maintained by
their presence. 3
Ans. 9 : (a) If oxygen disappears from the atmosphere, then there will be no life on earth because oxygen is
vital for life and is the basic requirement of all living beings.
(b) If nitrogen disappears from the atmosphere, then the objects will burn rapidly, as we know that
nitrogen does not support burning.
(c) If carbon dioxide disappears from the atmosphere, then green plants cannot prepare their own
food by photosynthesis so there will be no life on earth. It is because, plants consume carbon
dioxide during photosynthesis. 5
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WORKSHEET-109
Ans. 1 : (c) 1
Ans. 2 : (d) 1
Ans. 3 : (b) 1
Ans. 4 : (a) True
(b) True
(c) False. Air also plays an important role in the flight of birds and aeroplanes.
(d) False. Air occupies space. 1
Ans. 5 : Flute, shehnai, etc. 1
Ans. 6 : (a) Oxygen and nitrogen together make up 99% of the air.
(b) Aquatic animals use dissolved air for respiration.
(c) Air in motion is called wind. 1
Ans. 7 : (a) wind
(b) mixture
(c) direction
(d) cylinders 2
Ans. 8 : It happened because air is dissolved in water in the form of oxygen. Air dissolved in water started
escaping in the form of tiny bubbles due to heat of sun when she left tightly capped bottle full of water
in the open in sunlight. 3
Ans. 9 : (a) Air is dissolved in water in the form of oxygen. This is called dissolved oxygen. Tiny bubbles
appear in the beaker due to evolution of air dissolved in water.
(b) No, tiny bubbles will not appear as there is no dissolved air in this water. 4
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WORKSHEET-110
Ans. 1 : We should not sleep under the trees during the night because during night, trees release carbon dioxide
and excess of carbon dioxide can cause suffocation. 2
Ans. 2 : The two uses of air are given as follows :
(i) Air is used to inflate the tyres of vehicles.
(ii) Air is used by plants and animals for respiration. 2
Ans. 3 : If we keep a fish in a closed container without any aquatic plant, it is more likely to be dead after
some time. The reason is that the aquatic plants absorb carbon dioxide and give out oxygen. This
oxygen is inhaled by the fishes for their survival. So, the fish would not get oxygen for respiration in
the absence of aquatic plants. 3
Ans. 4 : (i) If Mohan had slept in a closed room with the burning angithi inside of room then he might have
suffered from suffocation, because, the incomplete combustion of coal produces carbon monoxide
which reduces oxygen carrying capacity of haemoglobin in blood. Due to this, he might have died
due to suffocation.
(ii) Caring, love, awareness and application of knowledge. 3
Ans. 5 : The leaves and flowers of the roadside plants were comparatively very dull due to the presence of air
pollutants in this region emitted from vehicles, industries, etc. The air pollutants include dust particles,
harmful gases, soot, etc, which made the leaves and flowers appear dull. 4
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CHAPTER
SECTION
16
B GARBAGE IN, GARBAGE OUT
WORKSHEET-111
Ans. 1 : The useful garbage could be the peels of fruits and vegetables, leftover cooked food and fallen leaves
of trees. It is thrown away in the first place because its primary use was complete. Some garbage is
not actually garbage because it can be converted into compost which is used as fertiliser. 2
Ans. 2 : Burning of leaves is harmful because it causes air pollution which may contain harmful toxic gases
and cause respiratory diseases in living organisms. 2
Ans. 3 : No, burning of leaves is not illegal in India. It should be made illegal by government of India because
it causes a lot of air pollution which is harmful to living organisms. 2
Ans. 4 : Containers used for storing poisonous substances should be recycled separately because the poisonous
chemicals present in these containers contaminate other recycling substances thereby making every
recycled substance harmful. 2
Ans. 5 : No, the containers used for storing harmful substances should not be used to make plastic bags because
plastic bags are used to carry grocery items which may be contaminated. 2
Ans. 6 : (a) Non-biodegradable wastes such as plastic bags, tins, bottles, glass, etc., can not be converted into
compost by the red worms.
(b) Yes, these organisms include maggots, flies, cockroaches, ants etc.
Fig. : Putting Garbage Heaps in Pits 3

Ans. 7 : (a) No, garbage disposal is not the responsibility of the government alone. It is a collective responsibility
of both the people and the government alone. We should reduce the garbage. We must follow 3R
approaches : reduce recycle and reuse of substances.
(b) Yes, it is possible to reduce the problems related to disposal of garbage. It can be done by using
3R’s rule : Reduce (minimise the use of things that produce wastes), Recycle (recycling of wastes
to produce new products) and Reuse (reuse of things). 3
Ans. 8 : (a) Left over food at home should be dumped into compost pits so that it can be converted into
manure by micro-organisms. This manure can be used in agricultural fields.
(b) We will prefer banana leaf platter because of the following reasons :
(i) It is biodegradable
(ii) It is eco-friendly
(iii) By the process of composting, it can be converted into manure.
Whereas a plastic plate causes solid waste problem and pollution. 4
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WORKSHEET-112
Ans. 1 : (a) 1
Ans. 2 : (c) 1
Ans. 3 : (c) 1
Ans. 4 : If not handled properly, they give foul smell and give an ugly look to natural beauty. 1
Ans. 5 : It becomes breeding ground for flies and mosquitoes. 1
Ans. 6 : They should be taken out and recycled. 1
Ans. 7 : The usage of plastic bags must be reduced as packaging of cooked food items in plastic bags might
affect our health. Also, plastic bags are non-recyclable and burning of plastic bags may release harmful
gases that can cause many diseases. 2
Ans. 8 : The method of preparing compost with the help of red worms is called vermi-composting. 2
Ans. 9 : Converting plant and animal waste into manure is called composting.
Yes, it is better to use compost instead of chemical fertilizers due to the following reasons.
(i) Compost provides better and natural nutrients to the growing plants.
(ii) It is better absorbed by the roots.
(iii) It is cheaper than the chemical fertilizers.
(iv) Chemical fertilizers do not get decomposed easily by natural methods thus increase soil and water
pollution. 4
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WORKSHEET-113
Ans. 1 : (b) 1
Ans. 2 : (c) 1
Ans. 3 : (d) 1
Ans. 4 : It must be used for running a biogas plant. 1
Ans. 5 : Sorting out the garbage in various groups is known as segregation. 1
Ans. 6 : Plastic coated paper is difficult to recycle. 1
Ans. 7 : The garbage which contains pieces of cloth, broken glass, aluminium wrappers, polythene bags, nails,
broken toys, and old shoes cannot be converted into compost by redworms. 2
Ans. 8 : (a) The problems related to disposal of the garbage can be managed by landfilling. A landfill is a
low-lying open area, where garbage can be dumped.
(b) Compost is a mixture that consists largely of decayed organic matter and is used for fertilising
and conditioning land. 2
Ans. 9 : The drawbacks of plastics are as follows :
(i) The major drawback of plastic is its non-degradability.
(ii) Consuming food packed in plastic bags could be harmful to our health.
(iii) All kinds of plastics give out harmful gases, on burning. These gases may cause many health
problems, such as cancer, in humans.
(iv) Some animals such as cows swallow plastic bags filled with garbage, and they can die due to this.
(v) The plastics also block the sewerage system and the drains as a result of which the water spills
over the roads during rains. 5
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WORKSHEET-114
Ans. 1 : (c) 1
Ans. 2 : (d) 1
Ans. 3 : (c) 1
Ans. 4 : Plant wastes, animal wastes and waste food are used for composting. 1
Ans. 5 : They can be converted into useful manure by composting. Burning them, will produce harmful
gases. 1
Ans. 6 : Redworms have gizzard for grinding the food. 1
Ans. 7 : They eat food items like fruit and vegetable wastes, tea and coffee remains and weeds from the
garbage. 2
Ans. 8 : Plastic bags, cans, aluminium foils, and many other package materials are used and thrown after use as
garbage. Things like ghee, oils, soaps, cereals, snacks, even vegetables are available in smaller packets
in which a lot of packaging material is used. 2
Ans. 9 : (i) (√) (ii) (√) (iii) (√) (iv) (×)
(v) (×) (vi) (×) (vii) (×) (viii) (√)
(ix) (×) (x) (√) 5
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WORKSHEET-115
Ans. 1 : (a) 1
Ans. 2 : (b) 1
Ans. 3 : (a) 1
Ans. 4 : Garbage is an unwanted or undesired material or substance. It is also referred to as rubbish, trash,
waste or junk depending upon the type of material. 1
Ans. 5 : Leftover food at home should be dumped into the compost pit. 1
Ans. 6 : No, some of the garbage that can be recycled or converted into compost is useful. 1
Ans. 7 : Waste recycling has some significant advantages. It
(i) leads to less utilization of raw materials.
(ii) reduces environment impacts arising from waste treatment and disposal.
(iii) makes the surroundings cleaner and healthier.
(iv) saves our landfill space.
(v) saves money.
(vi) reduces the amount of energy required to manufacture new products. 3
Ans. 8 : (i) Rotting smelly garbage can be converted into compost which is used as manure.
(ii) Dry leaves collected in a garbage can be used as manure.
(iii) Old newspapers can be recycled to make paper bags. 1+1+1
Ans. 9 : I think that family ‘X’ is more environmentally conscious because this family disposes of its kitchen
wastes and polythene bags separately. Kitchen wastes are biodegradable while polythene bags are
non-biodegradable. The biodegradable material can be converted into compost. 4
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WORKSHEET-116
Ans. 1 : Animal products should not be used in vermi-composting because if we put animal products and
pickles, oil, vinegar, etc., they enhance the growth of disease causing bacteria which may cause the
red worms to die. 2
Ans. 2 : We should not throw away any thing that can be recycled because recycling things can reduce the
amount of garbage. 1
Ans. 3 : (i) To reduce the wastes in that area.
(ii) Smoke and dust particles.
(iii) Composting is a method used to reduce wastes like leaves, as it is eco-friendly process.
(iv) Recycling of waste papers. 2
Ans. 4 : Waste management is the collection, transportation, processing, recycling and reusing of the usable
waste materials.
Proper disposal of garbage should be a concern of of every citizen and not just of the government.
Each and every individual must reduce activities that pollute the environment. A lot of waste is
generated from homes, offices, schools, hospitals, etc. It includes food waste, paper, plastic, glass,
metal, etc. Therefore, it is required that every individual must reduce the production of wastes and
must help in the proper disposal of wastes. 3
Ans. 5 : Step I F
Step II C
Step III E
Step IV A
Step V D
Step VI B 5
Ans. 6 : Following things come to my mind when I get a chance to see :
(a) A rag picker :
(i) He may be poor.
(ii) He sorts out recyclable waste.
(iii) He removes the garbage generated by others.
(b) A cow eating a polythene bag :
(i) The polythene bag is harmful for cow.
(ii) Cow is getting exposed to hazardous materials.
(iii) This is due to improper disposal of polythene.
(c) Foul odour emanating from garbage at the entrance of my house :
(i) The garbage is collected for some days in the house.
(ii) This causes unhealthy surroundings.
(iii) It is unpleasant sight. 5
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Food: Where Does It Come From ?: Worksheet-1

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Food: Where Does It Come From ?: Worksheet-1

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CHAPTER

Part of plant which gives

S. No. Food items Major ingredients Sources

S. Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’

Plants Edible parts of Plant

Herbivores Carnivores Omnivores

Ans. 6 : Andhra Rice Toor dal and Kunduru Buttermilk,

Transparent materials Opaque materials

Material Lustre Hardness/softness Roughness/smoothness

Plant Kind of stem

(b) Tap root :

Ans. 7 : Function of stem :

(b) The leaf has reticulate venation.

Body parts used for

THE LIVING ORGANISMS AND THEIR

Non-living thing Source

MOTION AND MEASUREMENT

Motion of wheel of a moving Motion of blade of a moving

(i) Rotational and circular motion (i) Only circular motion.

LIGHT, SHADOWS AND

Object used in Material it is made Bulb glows ?

7. Note book Paper No

Fig. : Activity Showing Magnetic Compass by

Fig. : (U-shaped magnet)

Fig. : (Arrangement to store bar magnets)

Fig. : Rooftop Rain Water Harvesting

Fig. : Putting Garbage Heaps in Pits  3

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Fig. : Putting Garbage Heaps in Pits 3