ABSTRACT

The aim of the project is to fabricate a fire fighting robot. There are many
possibilities a fire can start in an industry or in any remote area. For example, in
cotton mills, garments, fuel storages, etc., electric leakages can lead to huge
damage. It consists of a number of sensors which can be used for firefighting in
our daily life. We design the fire detection system using temperature sensors in the
firefighting robot. Fire Fighting Robot continuously monitors the temperature
using the sensors and if there is a fire accident, the robot moves to the direction to
which the temperature is recorded to be the relatively maximum by the sensors and
extinguishes the fire with water pump provided to it.

The robot is designed with block sensors that make the robot to move in a
correct position without facing any blocks in the path. When a smoke detector
detects fire it, sprays water all over the place, instead of that particular point of
source. It automatically detects and extinguishes the fire without any human aid.
LITERATURE REVIEW

Automatic Fire Sensing and Extinguishing Robot Embedded With GSM

Modem by U.Jyostna Sai Prasanna, M.V.D.Prasad

Our goal is to develop an intelligent multi sensor based firefighting robot in

our daily life. We design the fire detection system using four flame sensors in the
firefighting robot, and program the fire detection and fighting procedure using
sensor based method. The firefighting robot is equipped with four
thermistors/flame sensors that continuously monitor the temperature.

Robot uses microcontroller to drive four flame sensors, and transmit distance
range to main controller of the firefighting robot through series interface. To drive
the all the components5v dc and 12 v dc are required. The mains give the 230v ac
so first we step down the 230v ac in to 12v ac by using step down transformer.
Then the output is given to the full wave rectifier. The rectifier eliminates the
negative peek voltage of the input voltage .The output of the rectifier is the
pulsating dc. The error pulses are eliminating by using capacitor filter. Then the
output at the parallel of the capacitor is the 12v dc. But the Micro Controller is
work on 5v dc .To convert the 12v dc into5v dc a regulator (7805) is used. The
output of the regulator is constant irrespective of the input voltage. The Micro
Controller requires the preset logic circuit for protection of the internal program
and internal clock in case of power failure. A sudden change in the power may
cause data error resulting in the corruption of the internal program. The reset logic
circuit contains one capacitor and a resistor. The driver circuit generally made by
using one transistor and one relay. The driver circuit is mainly operated by the
Micro Controller. The Micro controller changes the state of the output pin from the
low to high, i.e. from O level to the 1 level. The transistor will act as an ON/OFF
switch corresponding to the input of the base. If the base current of the transistor is
high the transistor is under ON condition else it is in OFF state. These conditions
will be used to control the relay. The thermal sensors provide the senses the heat
from within the room. First sensor will give the data to the micro controller if it
finds the heat. The micro controller pin bit will goes low when the fire is present.
The micro controller will always scan the input signal of sensors. If the first sensor
gives the data about fire to the micro controller, it then finds the movement to
reach the fire by calculating the input data. The micro controller can give the
output to two motors. One motor is used to move in forward direction to reach the
destination point and the other is used to sprinkle the water.
PROBLEM DEFINITION

The security of home, laboratory, office, factory and building is important to

human life. We develop security system that contains a fire protection robot using
sensor. The security system can detect abnormal and dangerous situation and
notify us. First, we design a fire protection robot with extinguisher for the
intelligent building. User may take a late time to extinguish fire like finding the
water source to extinguish fire.
BLOCK DIAGRAM

TEMPERATURE
SENSOR

MONITORING IC

FIRE DETECTION

MOVING NEAR FIRE BLOCK SENSOR

WATER/FOAM
TIMER IC
SPRAYING

FIRE EXTINGUISHING
WORKING PRINCIPLE

The circuit implemented consists mainly of two different sub-circuits.

This was done using a comparator circuit using the LDR whose reference voltage
was fixed using the potentiometer. This was based on the phenomenon that the
resistance of the LDR decreases as the intensity of light falling on it increases. In
our case, the light reflected from the white surface is more than that from the black
surface. Therefore, the voltage in positive terminal of the comparator remains high
as long as the robot is moving on white surface. But as the other LDR crosses the
black line, its motor stops, the other forcing it in other direction, resulting in its
following the black line. Thus, the output voltage of the Op-Amp has been varied
according to the need, but the current flowing through the output of Op-Amp is in
some mA . The second part comprised of using LDR’s and IR receivers to detect
flame.

The dual Op-Amp LM358 was used for the same. The two comparator
circuits were used. For LDR, the working was same, but for IR receiver the voltage
and not the resistance vary according to the intensity of light. Thus the two ends of
IR-receiver were connected to ground and positive terminal of the comparator .The
output of these two were ORed and given to a mono-stable 555 timer with time
period of 4 sec.555 was used because when the robot sees the fire ,the fan starts
and the motors stop but when fan starts the intensity of light decreases and hence
the two motors start again and there is a chance that the motor starts before the fire
is extinguished .The 555 helps in generating a high pulse of about 4 seconds which
will remain high and will not depend on the intensity of light for the same duration.
Thus, this will make sure that the fire is extinguished before moving ahead. Once
the fire is extinguished it will retain its original motion.
ADVANTAGES

 Can detect fire without any human aid

 Intimates fire by means of a buzzer
 Fights against fire before the fire personnel arrive
 Low maintenance
 Nominal cost
 More safety than other equipment’s

APPLICATIONS

 Can be used in record maintaining rooms where fire can cause loss of
valuable data.
 Can be used in Server rooms for immediate action in case of fire.
 Industries
 Malls, Theatres, Hospitals and Public places
COMPONENTS USED

DC Gear motor - 4

Water pump

Microcontroller

Timer IC

Block Sensor

Temperature Sensor

Nozzle

Wheels - 4

Frame