CENTROIDS

• It is a single point about entire area is acting for a plane figure irrespective of
the portion of the plane figure.
• It is applicable to plane figures having area but no volume.
• Examples: Rectangle, Square, Circle, Semi-circle, Triangle and etc.

1. Centroid of Area 2. Rectangle

Ax́=∑ A x

A ý=∑ Ay A= bd
1
x́= b
2
1
ý= d
2

3. Triangle 4. Circle
 1
A= bh A= π r 2
2
1
ý= h x́=0
3
ý=¿0

5. Semi-circle 6. Semi-circular arc

2r
x́=
π
 ý=¿0

1 2 4r
A= π r , x́=0 , ý=
2 3π

6. Quarter circle 8. Sector of circle

 1 2
A= πr A= r 2 θrad
4
4r 2 r sin θ
x́= x́=
3π 3 θ rad
4r
ý= ý=0
3π

9. Circular arc 10. Ellipse

 ý=0

rsinθ
x́=
θ rad

1
A= π ab
2
x́=0
4b
ý=
3π

Example 1
The dimensions of the T-section of a cast-iron beam are shown in Fig. P-714.
How far is the centroid of the area
above the base?
Solution:
A1=6(1) = 6 ¿2
y1=0.5 in
 
A2=8(1) = 8 ¿2
y2=5 in

A= A1 + A2
A= 6+8
A=14 ¿2

ý =
∑ Ay
∑A
A ý= A 1 y 1 + A2 y 2

14 ý=6 ( 0.5 ) +8(5)

ý=¿ 3. 07 answer

A x́= A1 x 1+ A 2 x 2

14x́=6 ( 3 ) +8 (0. 5)
x́=¿ 1.57 answer

Example 2.
Find the coordinates of the centroid of the shaded area shown in Fig. P-724.
 A3
A
A4
A

A2

Solution:
A1= 12(18) = 216 ¿2
1
A2= ( 6 ) ( 6 )=18¿ 2
2
1 2 1
A3= π r = π ( 4 )2= 25.13 ¿2
2 2
1 2
A4= π ( 6 ) =28.27
4

A= A1-A2-A3-A4
A= 216-18-25.13-28.27
A= 144.6

X1= 9
Y1= 6

2
X2= 12+ ( 6 ) =16
3
 1
Y2= ( 6 ) =2
3

X3= 4
4 (4)
Y3= 12- =10.3
3π

4 (6)
X4= 18- = 15.45
3π
4 (6)
Y4= 12- =9.45
3π

A ý= A 1 y 1− A 2 y 2− A 3 y 3− A 4 y 4

144.6 ý=216(6)+18 ( 2 )+ 25.13(10.3)+ 28.27(9.45)

ý=¿ 5.08 answer

A x́= A1 x 1−A 2 x 2− A 3 x 3− A 4 x 4

144.6x́=216 (9)+ 18 ( 16 )+ 25.13(4 )+ 28.27(15.45)

x́=¿ 7.74 answer

Moment of Inertia
What is moment of inertia?
• Measure of an object’s resistance to changes to its roation
• The capacity of a cross-section to resist bending
1. Moment of inertia by integration

Ix=

∫ y 2 dA
a

Iy=∫ x 2 dA
a

2. Moment of inertia of rectangular section

Ix=

b h3
12

h b3
Iy= 12
3. Moment of inertia of triangular sections

b h3
Ix= 36

4. Moment of inertia of circle

π r4
Ix= 4

π r4
J= 4

5. Moment of Inertia of semi-circular

section

4
Ix= 0.11r
6. Moment of Inertia of quarter circle

Ix= 0.055r 4

7. Moment of inertia of ellipse

πa b 3
Ix= 4

πb a3
Iy= 4

8. Polar moment of inertia

2
dJ=r dA
b
2
J=∫ r
a
dA=Ix+ Iy
 9. Polar axis theorem for an area

Ix= Ix + Ad 2y

Iy= Iy + Ad2x

Example 1:
Determine the moment of inertia of the area show with respect to the centroidal axis

A=bh
A1= 12(1) = 12 ¿2
A2= 1(12)= 12 ¿2
A3= 6 (1) = 6 ¿2
A= 30 ¿2

ý =
∑ Ay
∑A
A ý= A 1 y 1 + A2 y 2+ A 3 y 3

30 ý=12( 0.5)+12 ( 7 ) +6 (13.5)

ý=¿ 5.7

b h3 2
Ix= +Ad
12

12 ( 1 )3 3 3
2 1 ( 12 ) 2 6 (1)
Ix= + (12 )( 1 ) (5.2 ) + + ( 12 )( 1 ) ( 1.3 ) + + ( 6 ) (1 ) ( 7.8 )2
12 12 12
Ix= 855.3 ¿ 4 answer

1 ( 12 )3 1 2 ( 1 )3 1 ( 6 )3
Iy= + +
12 12 12

Iy= 163 ¿ 4 answer

Example 2:
Determine the moment of inertia of the T-section with respect to its centroidal x axis.
Solution:
A=bh
A1= 2(8) = 16 ¿2
A2= 2(8) = 16 ¿2
A= 32 ¿2

ý =
∑ Ay
∑A
A ý= A 1 y 1 + A2 y 2

32 ý=16 ( 1 ) +16 (6)

ý=¿ 3.5

b h3 2
Ix= +Ad
12

8 ( 2 )3 3
2 2 ( 8)
Ix= + ( 8 ) ( 2 ) ( 2.5 ) + + ( 2 )( 8 )( 2.5 )2
12 12
Ix= 290.67 ¿ 4 answer
MODULE FOR CENTROID AND MOMENT OF INRTIA (REPORT)

BCE 222-Mechanics of deformable bodies (08510)

Submitted to:
Engr. Calaque
Instructor

Submitted by:
Princess Nuevo
Karen Canuto
Syrill Primero
Roger Laguitao
February 06, 2020