Angie Villegas Cavadía

Antuaneth Cordero Flórez

Adriana Lucía Ruíz Beleño
Cristina Peña Redondo
Ingris González Petro
Luisa Hernández Bernal
 DYNAMIC

This dynamic is very easy. It helps to know others partners. The

activity consists in complete each category with the initial letter of
your name.

Name Thing Fruit City Food Famous

people

Maria Metal Mango Monteria Meat Michael

Jackson
 love, fredom, happiness.
family, team, crowd.
Joe, Europe, Roger.

chair, hat, boy.

• Some of them are the same for men and
women:

Example: teacher, doctor.

• Others are different:
Example: king – Queen actor - actress
Prince- princess monk – nun
COUNTABLE:
• We form the plural adding ‘S’
Pens ,books etc.
• Irregular nouns
Man – men foot- feet
Mouse -mice woman- women
Some nouns have the same formn in the
singular and plural, these are:

• Some kinds of animals: sheep , fish etc.

Example: some sheep were grazning in the
field.
• The words aircraft , spacecraft
Example: two hovercraft were approaching
the port.
 UNCOUNTABLE:

• Many types of food: butter, flour, cheese

etc.
• Liquids: water, oil, coffee etc.
• Materials: crystal, wood, plactic etc.
• Others: research, love , hair, weather,
money, fun.
COMPOUND:
• Noun + noun: ticket inspector – ticket inspectors
• -Ing form/ adjectives + noun : swimming pool – swimming pools -
green houses - greenhouses
• Noun + in – law: sister – in – law - sisters – in – law
• Noun + adverb: runner up – runners up
• Verb + adverb particle: breakthrought – breakthroughs
 Singular/ Plural verb forms
We use singular verb forms with nouns which refers
to:
• School subjects: physics , Maths.
• Sports: gymnastics - bowls
• Games: darts - billiards
• Illnesses: measles - mumps
Example: I think physics is a very interesting
subject.
• With plural nouns, when we talk about an amount of money,
a time of period, distance...
Example: five hundred thousand pounds was donated
to build a new hospital wing.
• Group nouns such as jury, family, team etc. When we mean
the group as a unit.
Example: the jury is ready to give the veredict.
But we use the plural verbs when we mean the individuals
who make up the group.
Example: the jury are all staying at the park hotel.
 We use plural verb forms with:

• Nouns such as clothes, people, police, stairs, premises,

cattle etc.
Example: designer clothes are rather expensive.
• Nouns which refers to objects that consist of two of parts,
such as trousers, binoculars, shoes, scissors, socks etc.

We do not use a /an or a number with these words.

e.g: where are your gloves?
I was given a pair of gloves.
 Nouns activity
Choose one common or proper noun and write a sentece.
Jennifer López __________________________
Doctor __________________________
Cat __________________________
Robin __________________________
Magazine __________________________
Saint marry chapel __________________________
Mars __________________________
Garden __________________________
Residence __________________________
Cindy's party __________________________
Indefinite (a- an)
Shows that what is referred to is not already known.
❖ A: before nouns which begin with a consonant
sound
e.g. a house, a big truck, a wheel.
❖AN: before nouns which begin with a vowel
sound
e.g. an umbrella, an apple, an elephant.
When do we use a/an?
❖when we talk them in general
e.g. I want to buy a blouse
❖With the verb to be and have
e.g. David has a cat. She is a foreigner
❖When we refer a to an unknown person
e.g. A Mr. Jones called you this morning
❖To show: a) place in relation to weight b) distance in
relation to speed and b) frequency
❖ To say what somebody is or what someone’s job is
e.g. It is an apple. She is a doctor
We do not use:
❖With uncountable or plural
nouns.
e.g. some eggs, some chocolate
❖Before an adjective if it is not
followed by a noun.
e.g. It is fast
 The definite
(THE)

❖ It refers to concrete nouns

❖ to avoid repetitions
❖ it´s specific.
 When do we use?
❖ When we are talking about something specific
E.g. The car is red
❖ With nouns which are unique
E.g. the earth, the sky, the Taj Mahal
❖ Before the names of rivers, seas, mountain, deserts and groups
of islands
E.g. the Sinu, the Atlantic, the USA
❖ Before the names of musical instruments
E.g. the piano
❖ Before nationalities and names of families
E.g. the Chinese, the Smiths
❖ Before morning, afternoon and evening
E.g. I go to school in the morning
We do not use:
❖when we talk about them in general
e.g. Lions are wild animals
❖Before proper nouns
e.g. Mark lives in Colombia
❖Before names of meals and games/sports
e.g. Tennis is an exciting sport.
❖With the words school, church, bed, hospital, prison and home
e.g. David goes to school at 7 o’ clock in the morning
❖With the words this/that/ these/ those
e.g. this car, those bicycles
 COMPARE

Have you been to an ice rink?

Have you been to the ice rink?

Prefixes:
We add prefixes before the base or stem

MIS
of a word.

UNDERSTAND MISUNDERSTAND

PRONOUNCE MISPRONOUNCE

TREAT MISTREAT

READ MISREAD

BEHAVE MISBEHAVE
 UN
REAL UNREAL

NECESSARY UNNECESSARY

KNOWN UNKNOWN

HAPPY UNHAPPY

USUAL UNUSUAL
 IL- IN-IM-IR-DIS
Here we have the most important prefixes

IL IN
LOGICAL ILLOGICAL COMPETENT INCOMPETENT
LEGAL ILLEGAL CONVENIENT INCONVENIENT
LEGIBLE ILLEGIBLE CREDIBLE INCREDIBLE
 IM IR
POSSIBLE RATIONAL

MORAL REGULAR

PERFECT RESPONSABLE

IMPOSSIBLE IRRATIONAL

IMMORAL IRREGULAR

IMPERFECT IRRESPONSABLE
 DIS
LIKE DISLIKE

AGREE DISAGREE
INTEGRATE DISINTEGRATE
Use a prefix to find the opposite of these verbs:
Suffixes:
A suffix is a letter or group of letters added at the end of
a word which makes a new word.
For example
WORDS SUFFIX NEW WORDS
FORGET, USE -ful forgetful, useful
STATE, GOVERN -ment statement, government
COMPLICATE, CREATE -ion complication, creation

The new word is most often a different word class from the
original word.
Common suffixes and examples
Noun suffixes
SUFFIX EXAMPLES OF NOUNS
-age baggage, village, postage
-al arrival, burial, deferral
-ance/-ence reliance, defence, insistence
-dom boredom, freedom, kingdom

Adjective suffixes
suffix examples of adjectives
-able/-ible drinkable, portable, flexible
-al brutal, formal, postal
-en broken, golden, wooden
-ese Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese
-ful forgetful, helpful, useful
 Verb suffixes

SUFFIX EXAMPLES OF VERBS

-ate complicate, dominate, irritate

-en harden, soften, shorten
-ify beautify, clarify, identify

-ise/-ize economise, realise, industrialize

 Adverb suffixes

SUFFIX EXAMPLES OF ADVERBS

-ly calmly, easily, quickly

- downwards, homeward(s),
ward(s) upwards

anti-clockwise, clockwise,
-wise
edgewise
 Exercise
1. What are suffixes?
2. Give one example of noun suffixes different to
the power point presentation
3. Give one example of verb suffixes different to the
power point presentation
4. Give one example of adjective suffixes different
to the power point presentation
Conversion

Examples:

Noun to verb:bottle (The wine was brewed

in France but bottled in Hong Kong.)
Verb to noun: hit (He scored a hit in his first
shot.)
Adjective to noun: regular (I am one of
the regulars at the pubs in Tsim Sha Tsui.)

Adjective to verb: empty (Can you

empty the bin for me, please?)
Compound words:
Tooth + brush = toothbrush Eco + friendly = eco-friendly
Animal + lover = animal lover

We make compounds in all word classes:

Nouns: car park, soap opera Pronouns: anyone, everything, nobody
Adjectives: environmentally-friendly, fat-free Numerals: twenty-seven, three-
quarters
verbs: daydream, dry-clean Prepositions: into, onto
Adverbs: nevertheless, nowadays
conjunctions: although, however
Compound nouns

noun + noun: earphones

verb -ing form + noun: parking ticket
verb base form + noun: rescue team

adjective + noun: blackboard

subject + verb: earache (an ear that aches), rainfall (rain that falls)
verb + subject: cleaning products (products that clean)
verb + object: know-all (person who thinks they know everything)
object + verb: shoe-polish (polishes shoes), dishwasher (washes dishes)
Noun phrases:
Compound adjectives:

Compound verbs: Writing compound words:

(e.g. post-war, pre-lunch, self-interest, semi-skilled)

(e.g. a well-known singer, an angry-sounding email)
(e.g. U-turn, X-ray, D-day)
The band has decided to re-form. (form again)
The Government promise to reform the health system. (improve)
A twenty-two-year-old cyclist won the race.
From here to Tokyo, that’s a twelve-hour flight at least.
If you’re not sure about whether to use a hyphen, a good dictionary will tell
you.
Compound sentences
[main clause 1]
She did a nursing degree
[main clause 2]
and she did really well,
[main clause 3]
but she’s decided to study medicine now.
Draw a line from the word in the first column to a word
in he second column to make a compound word.

Snow o o man
Fire o o town
Book o o case
Head o o net
Door o o ball
Barn o o chair
Home o o bell
Fish o o band
Wheel o o yard
Down o o stairs