Name: Tejana, Hazel L.

Year & Section: BSTM 1A

Read the following scenarios and classify the sources discovered as primary, secondary, or
tertiary sources. Write your answer on the space provided.

Secondary source 1.    Maribeth was a new teacher of Araling Panlipunan in a small elementary
school in Capas, Tarlac. Her colleagues gave her the new textbook that she ought to use in
class. Before the class started, Maribeth studied the textbook carefully. She noted that the
authors used works by other known historians in writing the textbook. She saw that the
bibliography included Teodoro Agoncillo’s The Revolt of the Masses and the Fateful Years:
Japan’s Adventure in the Philippines, 1941-45. She also saw that the authors used Ma. Luisa
Camagay’s Working Women of Manila During the 19th Century and many others. Is the textbook
a primary, secondary or tertiary source?

Tertiary source 2.    Martha loved to travel around the country. She liked bringing with her a
travel brochure that informs her of the different sites worth visiting in the area. Her travel
brochure was usually produced by the tourism department of the province. It shoes pictures of
destinations visited by tourists and a few basic information about the place like the origin of the
name, the historical significance of the place, and some other information acquired by the office’s
researchers and writers. Is the travel brochure a primary, secondary or tertiary source?

Primary source 3.    Roberto visited the United States for a few months to see his relatives who
have lived there for decades. His uncle brought him on tours around Illinois. Roberto visited the
Field Museum of Natural History where a golden image of a woman caught his eye. Roberto
looked closer and read that the image was called “The Golden Tara”. It originated from Agusan
del Sur and was bought by the museum in 1922. It was believed to be made prior to the arrival of
the Spaniards in the Philippines. Is the sculpture a primary, secondary or tertiary source?
 
II. Answer comprehensively.
 
Choose one (1) essay in Filipino or English. The essay should contain the author’s name and the
title of the essay. Analyze or critically evaluate the essay using contextual analysis as well as the
author’s argument and point of view. Also, kindly identify the historical significance of the text
being examined. 

Philippines Colonization by Maurice Deborah S. Tolentino

 

Colonization is to build a colony that is under the control of a nation. But too bad our country
was colonized by different nations. Nations that were too powerful to conquer our beautiful and
rich islands from our benighted ancestors. The Philippines today is all but a product of its
colonization in her adolescent years. The Republic of the Philippines, located in Southeast Asia,
is built out of 7,107 islands and is separated in three main islands, namely, Luzon, Visayas, and
Mindanao. Our ancestors or ninunos came from four different tribes. They are the Negritos,
Indonesians, Aetas, and Malays. Together, they begun the “migration theory” of the Philippines.
During the colonial period of the Philippines, the first nation that was attracted to colonize our
islands was Spain. It was Ferdinand Magellan, an explorer of Europe who first discovered our
beautiful archipelago in 1521, landing in Leyte Gulf. On November 19 or 20, 1564 a Spanish
expedition, of a mere 500 men led by Miguel Lopez de Legaspi, begun to set sail to our island
and arrived in Cebu on February 13,1565. In 1570, Legaspi conquered the kingdom of Manila
through dispatching Martin de Gotti to Luzon and finally made Manila the capital of the
Philippines. These men are those who sought our island to be their own colony by using power
and advance tactics in ruling, managing, and governing. The Philippines was an attraction of
colonization because of its rich resources, its magnificent archipelago, and its people’s
hospitality to neighbouring countries. During the Spanish regime to our country, the church and
the state was united. The governor-general had the power over the church and the friars played
a major role in the government. The Archbishops were the most powerful in the church but
however, the church showed more authority over the Filipinos than the government, which is
why is why the Philippines’ government was also called, “Frairlocracia”, a government controlled
by friars. One legacy that seemed to be the best of all legacies the Spanish brought to our
country was Christianity of Catholicism. It made us the only Christian country in whole Asia
today. But though its result today was a positive one, the beliefs of it brought thousands of death
and tortures of the residents during the colonial period.

The economy of the Philippines today is a produce of the foundations the Spanish brought to
us in the branch of businesses or trades. The Manila-Acapulco was the main source of income
for the colony during its early colonial years. The trades were too affluent that it unkempt the
development of our local industries. The trades lasted for over two hundred years, and then
ended in 1821. Our economy before and until now has one common thing, they are both
reinforced by taxation and monopolies. In the educational system, Spanish priests headed the
formal education and its centre is Christian doctrines. Spanish education played a major role in
the transformation of our country. They built the first universities, colleges, and vocational
schools and assembled the first modern public education system in the Philippines. Spain sure
was a mighty nation to conquer our country. Though in history, they have shown more cruelty
and less humility, they still are a huge part of our country’s story just like the name “Philippines”.
By 1898, the Philippines was primarily in the same struggle against the Spanish during the
Spanish-American War and there, we the Filipinos found ourselves under the authority of the
United States. Before the colonial period of the Americans to the Philippines, during the
Philippine Revolution against Spain, Emilio Aguinaldo, the leader of the Philippine Revolution,
made an alliance with the Americans to strive for the Philippines’ independence from Spain. But
then, when the Americans refused to commit to paper the statement of their support for
Philippines’ independence, it became clear that the American were in the island to stay. After
the Spanish-American War, the Treaty of Paris was signed that declares that the Philippines
was therefore under the authority of the United State after buying it from Spain with the cost of
20 million dollars. From then on the United States’ War Department brought all the islands of the
Philippines under military control for a reason that states that the Filipinos were too “uncivilized”.
This brought a huge astonishment to the Filipinos because they expected the Americans to help
them struggle for independence. But not only did they not help the Filipinos to struggle for
independence, they refused to grant them freedom for forty-five years (1898-1946). Conflicts
broke out on February 4, 1899 that sparked the Philippine-American War. This war led to tragic
deaths of 4,234 Americans and about a 3 million of Filipinos. By 1942 until 1945, during the
World War II, the Philippines changed into the hands of the Japanese but the U.S. saved the
Filipinos once again. It was in July 5, 1945 that the U.S. conquered us for the second time but
with the provisions of the McDuffie-Tyding’s Act of 1934, the Philippines finally gained its
independence from the U.S. During the forty-five year colonization of the Americans to our land
changes, transformations, and effects are not too far to be seen today. After the monarchy set
by the Spanish, the Americans changed the Philippines into a Partisan government. Another
effect was the implementation of municipal elections in the government. If Spanish’ legacy to
religion was Catholicism, then the Americans’ legacy to the Philippines’ religion is the better and
right way of Christianity, Protestantism and one of the biggest part the Americans’
transformation in religion was the bringing of the Bible to our country. In the economic system;
trades were still continued and Filipino products were already allowed to enter American
markets that are free of duty within quota limits.

Analyzation or critically evaluation of the essay using contextual analysis as well as the author’s
argument and point of view.

The Philippine Colonization essay was written by Maurice Deborah S. Tolentino and was
published in a website called Study Mode Research on 17th of July 2013. This essay was
actually not from a well-known author. If I were to guess it, maybe she is a graduated student or
still a student who just made an essay for school purposes and then published it. In writing this
text the author’s intention could be informing young audiences about the Philippine colonization
or maybe just helping some students who also studies about the Philippine history. The essay
doesn’t showed where the evidences of this texts came from but we can probably think that the
evidence was gotten from a book or from the internet.

The essay was telling the audiences about one of the major events that happened in the
Philippines, including wars, as well as how the Spanish colonized the country. The colonization
of the Philippines in part began in 1542 and its colonialism lasted until its independence in 1946.
The Spanish goal moved beyond trading posts, to controlling and colonialization – which is to
become the governing power of the region and in the case of the Philippines. During the
process and progression of colonialization; the Spanish would establish dominates, make peace
treaties, gain servants and allies of tribes, marry their men to the local women and then build
church missions and schools.

 Manila was made the capital of the Philippines in 1571. This was the time of the reign
of King Philip II of Spain, whose name has remained attached to the country. The Spanish
colonial period ended with the Philippine Revolution and Spanish-American War in 1898, which
marked the beginning of the American colonization of the Philippines.