Tutorial problem set 1

1. An odd-shaped tank weighs 50.5N when empty. When filled with water the total
weight is 1555N. Determine the volume of the tank.

2. A super-tanker can hold 400m3. What is the mass and weight of the cargo if the
tanker is filled with crude oil? The density of oil is 700kg/m 3.

3. The mass of a golf ball is 46g and its mean diameter is 42mm. Determine the
density and specific gravity of the material.

4. The density of mercury is 13600kg/m3. Calculate its specific volume and specific
gravity.

5. Lubricating oil has a specific gravity of 0.89. Calculate its density and specific
weight.

6. When 2.7kg of salt solution is poured into a cylindrical bottle, 200mm in

diameter, the liquid level rises by 75mm. Calculate the density and specific
gravity of the solution.

7. Liquid ammonia (specific gravity = 0.89) is pumped through a refrigerating

system at a rate of 120 L/h. Calculate the mass flow rate in kg/s.

8. In oil refinery gasoline flows through a 50mm diameter pipe at a rate of

500kg/min. Determine the volume flow rate and the average velocity of flow.
Density of gasoline is 650kg/m3.

9. An escalator connecting two floors of a shopping mall can carry a maximum of

30 persons at a time. It takes 30s to move from the ground floor to the second
floor which is 6m above the ground. If the average mass of a person is 50kg,
estimate the power required to operate the escalator. Neglect friction and other
losses.

10. In a food processing industry vinegar is pumped from the basement to an

overhead tank at a height of 7m. If the flow rate is 700 L/min, calculate the work
done per minute and the power required. The density of vinegar is 1080 kg/m 3.
Neglect the friction and other losses.
Tutorial problem set 2

1. The pressure in a steam pipeline is measured to be 500kN/m 2. Express this

pressure as a head of water. If the atmospheric pressure is 1.013bar, what is the
absolute pressure of the steam in kN/m2?

2. A mercury barometer reads 760mm at sea level and 750mm on the top of a
mountain. How high is the mountain above sea level? Assume a constant
density of air of 1.2 kg/m3 and the specific gravity of mercury to be 13.6.

3. The hydraulic press shown in Figure T2.3 is

expected to give a load W of 2 tons at the end
of a 120mm piston. What force P will be
required at the plunger, which is of 20mm
diameter?

Figure T2.3

4. The hydraulic brakes in a motor car are worked by a plunger pump of diameter
2.0cm. The four-wheel cylinders are of diameter 3.0cm each. If the operator
applies a force of 35N at the plunger, what will be the force exerted at each
wheel cylinder? Assume that all components are at the same horizontal plane.

5. Water is contained in a sealed tank with

air occupying the space above the water,
as shown in Figure T2.5. A mercury U-
tube manometer is connected to the air
space as shown. A pressure gauge is
connected 2m below the surface of the
water. If the manometer reads 0.2m,
what pressure will the pressure gauge
Figure T2.5
read in kN/m2
6. A mercury manometer is
connected to a closed oil tank
which has a layer of water at the
bottom, as shown in Figure T2.6.
Calculate the pressure of the air
above the oil.

Figure T2.6
Figure T2.3

7. Oil of specific gravity 0.85 is flowing in a pipeline as shown in Figure T2.7. A

manometer containing water is connected as shown. Calculate the pressure in
the pipeline.

Figure T2.7
Figure T2.3

8. In the system shown in Figure T2.8,

the pressure gauge reading at A is
2kN/m2. Specific gravity of oil is 0.8.
Calculate:
a) The Length of the water column
Y in open piezometer B.
b) The difference of the mercury
columns h in the U-tube
manometer.

Figure T2.8
Tutorial problem set 3

1. A vertical dam, 20m long, stores water in a reservoir to a depth of 5m. Find the
magnitude and location of the resultant hydrostatic force on the dam.

2. A vertical dam stores water to a depth of 5m in a reservoir. An oil spill causes a

layer of oil, 0.5m deep, to be on top of the water. The specific gravity of oil is
0.8. Calculate the total hydrostatic force acting on the darn per meter run.

3. A rectangular sluice gate AABB is on

the sloping face of a concrete dam
as shown in Figure T3.3. It is kept
closed by a horizontal force P.
Calculate the resultant hydrostatic
force on the gate, the position of
this force and the magnitude of the
Figure T3.3
mini-mum force P required. Figure T2.3

4. A circular observation port is mounted

on the side of a vessel as shown in
Figure T3.4. Calculate the resultant
hydrostatic force acting on the port,
and the location of this force.

Figure T3.4
Figure T2.3

5. A semi-circular gate hinged along BB is

fitted to a tank containing water as
shown in Figure T3.5. The gate is kept
closed by applying a horizontal force P at
A. Calculate the magnitude of this force.
Figure T3.5
Figure T2.3
Tutorial problem set 4

1. Determine the mass flow rate of water through a 30mm diameter pipe if the
average velocity is 2m/s.

2. Estimate the required diameter of pipe to carry 3000L/min of water if the

allowable average fluid velocity is 3m/s.

3. In a hydraulic system, oil with a specific gravity of 0.92 flows at a rate of 2.5 X 10 -
3
m3/s. Calculate the mass flow rate of oil in kg/h.

4. A 200 mm diameter pipe carries water at a rate of 3600L/min. This pipe is

connected in a series to a 150mm diameter pipe. Determine the average
velocity of flow in each pipe.

5. A nozzle of internal diameter 75mm is attached to the end of a 300mm

diameter pipe. If the average velocity of flow in the pipe is 1.2m/s, what would
be the velocity of the liquid jet at the nozzle exit?

6. A 300mm diameter pipe carries 170m 3/h of water. The pipe branches out into
two pipes of 100mm and 200mm diameter respectively. If the average fluid
velocity in the smaller pipe is 2m/s, what will be the average velocity in the
200mm pipe?