2020.08.21 Final Hydrological Report - Ifakara Substation - R01

CONTRUCTION OF 220/33KV SUBSTATION IN IFAKARA
FINAL HYDROLOGICAL REPORT
AUGUST, 2020
Final Hydrological Report
220/33kV Ifakara Substation Doc. No.: GTL/T145/RE/20/05/R01
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................6
1.1 General .............................................................................................................................6
1.2 Scope ................................................................................................................................6
2 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT AREA .....................................................................................7
2.1 Location ............................................................................................................................7
2.2 Climate .............................................................................................................................7
2.3 Soils and Land Use/Land Cover ........................................................................................7
2.4 Topography ......................................................................................................................8
2.5 Overview of Existing Drainage System .............................................................................8
3 DESIGN CRITERIA...................................................................................................................10
3.1 Data ................................................................................................................................10
3.1.1 Rainfall ....................................................................................................................10
3.2 Hydrological Models.......................................................................................................10
3.2.1 Flood Estimation Models ........................................................................................10
3.3 Hydraulic Analysis ..........................................................................................................11
3.3.1 Design Standards ....................................................................................................11
4 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY .........................................................................................13
4.1 Site Reconnaissance .......................................................................................................13
4.2 Desktop Study and Data Collection ................................................................................13
4.3 Planning for Drainage Improvement..............................................................................14
4.4 Topographic Survey ........................................................................................................15
4.4.1 Control Survey.........................................................................................................15
4.4.2 Detailed Topographic Survey ..................................................................................16
4.5 Hydrological Analysis......................................................................................................16
4.5.1 Drainage Area Description and Catchments Characteristics ..................................16
4.5.2 Rainfall Data and Analysis .......................................................................................17
4.5.3 Estimation of Peak Discharge for Sizing of Drainage Structures ............................19
4.6 Hydraulic and Geometric Design....................................................................................20
4.6.1 Sizing of the Hydraulic Structures ...........................................................................20
GEOPLAN Tanzania Limited Page 2

4.6.2 Flood Level and Inundation Mapping .....................................................................20

5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ..............................................................................24
5.1 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................24
5.2 Recommendations .........................................................................................................24
6 LIST OF APPENDICES .............................................................................................................25

LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Rainfall Station Used .......................................................................................................13

Table 2: Coordinates of Control benchmarks ...............................................................................16
Table 3: Average Monthly Precipitation .......................................................................................17
Table 4: The Statistics of the Analysed Stations ...........................................................................18
Table 5: Generalized Extreme Value Distribution at Ifakara Met. Station ...................................18
Table 6: Peak Discharge Summary ................................................................................................20

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Project Location ...............................................................................................................7

Figure 2: Characteristic of Existing Drainage System .....................................................................9
Figure 3: Showing Rainfall Station and Project Site ......................................................................14
Figure 4: Proposed Drainage Routes ............................................................................................15
Figure 5: Delineated Catchment Areas Contributing to Project Area ..........................................17
Figure 6: Monthly Precipitation at Ifakara Met. Station ...............................................................18
Figure 7: Rainfall Intensity Duration Frequency Curves at Ifakara Met, 2010-2020 ....................19
Figure 8: Flood Level and Inundation Map (Q100) .......................................................................21
Figure 9: Flood Level and Inundation Map (Q500) .......................................................................21
Figure 10: Flood Level and Inundation Map (Q1000) ...................................................................22
Figure 11: Flood Inundation Map (Q500) Elevation ....................................................................23
Figure 12: Flood Inundation Map (Q1000) Elevation ..................................................................23

1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 General
AEE POWER engaged GEOPLAN Tanzania Limited to undertake the Hydrological and
Hydraulic Studies for 220/33kV Substation in Ifakara. The field work was done on early
July 2020 where necessary data and information were collected. This report therefore
summarises the field works, analysis, findings, conclusion and recommendations.
1.2 Scope
The scope of the consultancy service is as follows.
a) Hydrological Evaluation
• Hydrological analysis of catchment
• Rainfall analysis
• Runoff analysis
• Design precipitation curve for a return time of 50 years
• Drainage Design
• Topographical survey including corridor of 40m wide from site to the main
power line distance 50m from the substation border
b) Final Report and Conclusions

• Topographical survey of the area of the influence
• Collection of meteorological influence (precipitation) from different
neighbouring stations
• Hydrological watershed study
• Determination of design precipitation
• Definition of the Hyetograph curve
• Risk of flooding and mitigation
• Final Report

2 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT AREA
2.1 Location
The project site is within Kibaoni ward at Ifakara, Morogoro region bounded by TAZARA
railway line on the southern part and by districts gravel roads on other three sides. The
site is located nearly 7 km from the CBD. The high voltage transmission line on North of
the project site. (Figure 1).
Figure 1: Project Location
2.2 Climate
In Ifakara, the temperature typically varies from 20.5oC to 34.4oC and is rarely below
18.3oC or above 36.7oC. With 5 months for wetter season from December to April while
the dry season consists of 7 months from March to November. It has an annual rainfall
with an average of 1108mm a year.
2.3 Soils and Land Use/Land Cover

a) Soil
The soils within the catchments are dominated by sandy clay loam soil as per the
database of Harmonised World Soil Classification data base (HWSD.2009) and
observation made during site visit.

b) Land Use/Cover
Based on both, site observation and remote sensing techniques using a 50m
resolution Bing imagery of 2019, land use/cover of the contributing area was
determined. The area is dominated by farmlands, built up areas, few shrubs,
pasture and sparsely distributed trees.
2.4 Topography
The topography at the project area is generally flat with some ant hills; with the highest
contour of about 274 meters above sea level and the lowest levels being 269 meters at
the entrance to an outfall. The general slope at the project site is almost gentle, which
makes this area challenging in terms of drainage.
2.5 Overview of Existing Drainage System

Currently, the characteristic of storm water drainage is as shown on Figure 2 below. The
area is characterised of flat terrain with mild slopes towards west where low laying rice
fields are located. Few isolated anti hill/dunes exist. Further, TAZARA railway line on the
south and gravel road on the east, each form a respective drainage boundary leaving a
minor catchment which command runoff across proposed substation site. North West
corner of project plot shows lowest ground level, and information from local residents
indicate that ponding exists on the area of slightly 400mm above the ground level.
Finally, this water finds its natural drainage way across the residential building towards
the low laying rice field location. During field work no clear flood marks were seen on
physical features such as trees and buildings. No clear stream crosses the project site
and judging from the field observation the project site receives handful of runoff from
adjacent catchments areas.

Figure 2: Characteristic of Existing Drainage System

3 DESIGN CRITERIA
3.1 Data
3.1.1 Rainfall
Rainfall forms the basis of design of storm water drainage. The selected rainfall station
is close to the project site and hence provides adequate information for the
hydrological study.
3.2 Hydrological Models
3.2.1 Flood Estimation Models

Flood estimation method depends on the catchment characteristics. There are several
models which are adopted for flood estimation which includes TRRL Flood model for
catchment having area less than 200km2, SCS method HEC-HMS model and Rational
Method for areas less than 1km2.
a) Rational Method
Since the contributing catchment area for the project site is less than 1Km 2,
Rational method is adopted as the hydrological method for estimating peak floods
for the drainage system. The method is described in equation 1 below.
𝑄 = 𝑘𝐶𝐼𝐴𝐶𝑓 (1)
Where:
Q = hydrograph peak discharge (cms)
K = 0.00278 (metric convention factor)
C = runoff coefficient
A = basin area (ac)
i = intensity (mm/hr)
Cf=Runoff Coefficient Correction Factor
b) SCS method
For determination of flood level and inundation mapping, the estimation of runoff is
implemented by the use of the Unit Hydrograph Method for calculating NRCS runoff
hydrographs.
The direct runoff was estimated using the NRCS curve number procedure as describe in
equation 2 below:
Q= ((P-0.2S))/(P+0.8S) (2)

Where:
Q = Runoff, mm.
S = A maximum potential retention(mm) given by eqn2:
S=25400/CN-254 (3)
CN = Curve number
P = Rainfall depth, mm, (The rainfall depth used in estimating the runoff above
is obtained from analysis of rainfall data for 24h storm rainfall values using the
Generalized Extreme Value distribution) (Refer Table 5)
3.3 Hydraulic Analysis
3.3.1 Design Standards

The design criterion is usually the maximum flow passed by the drainage structure with
no flooding or a limited amount of flooding to be exceeded on the average once during
the design return period. The design discharge of 25yrs return period was adopted for
all structures like pipe culverts and drainage channels.
All channel will be designed using manning equation considering the design discharge
and the lining material where 0.012 manning value were adopted for concrete lining.
The manning equation is described in equation 4.
1
𝑄 = 𝐴(𝑅ℎ2/3 )𝑆 1/2 (4)
𝑛
Where:
Q is the volumetric flow rate passing through the channel reach in m3s.
A is the cross-sectional area of flow normal to the flow direction in m2.
S is the bottom slope of the channel in m/m (dimensionless).
n is a dimensionless empirical constant called the Manning Roughness coefficient.
Rh is the hydraulic radius = A/P.
P is the wetted perimeter of the cross-sectional area of flow in m.
The simplified design criteria for assessing the discharge capacities of culverts basing on
the ratio of headwater depth / height (or diameter) of structure is considered for this
assignment.

The checking of culvert hydraulic structures is based on FHWA, 2005 guidelines

(Hydraulic design of Highways). The standard chart to be used for Concrete Pipe
Culverts (CPC) for this assignment is presented in Appendix 3.

4 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY
4.1 Site Reconnaissance

During reconnaissance and condition survey, pertinent information was gathered to
assist in determining the condition of the existing drainage condition of a site. Visual
observations were made to verify existing natural water way conditions and to
document the possible outfalls of the cached storm water.
4.2 Desktop Study and Data Collection

Before carrying out condition assessment an inventorying of Ifakara-Kibaoni project
area, High Resolution Bing Imagery of the area was reviewed.
• Rainfall Data
A rainfall station namely, Ifakara Met station was visited to obtain rainfall data. The
station is about 2 km from the site other nearby stations are about 8 km from the
site, considering the availability and quality of data available and rainfall trend the
Ifakara met Station is ideal station for the project site. The location as well as the
status of rainfall data collected is described in Table 1 and Figure 3 below.
Table 1: Rainfall Station Used

Station Details
S/N
Name Latitude Longitude Altitude (m) Length of Data Record
1 Ifakara Met Station -8.094 36.682 278 2010 - 2020

Figure 3: Showing Rainfall Station and Project Site
4.3 Planning for Drainage Improvement

The planning for drainage improvement of a proposed Ifakara electric power substation
is aimed at ensuring that the proposed development is secured against flooding. Due to
presence of natural drainage towards the low laying area located on the rice fields on
the west part, the anticipated plan for improvement of drainage is through provision of
drainage structures down to the eye marked outfall. It is prudent that planning of the
drainage routes to follow through the natural water way, however it may require
ground cutting is some locations in order to achieve the desired hydraulic
requirements. Figure 4 below shows proposed drainage routes consisting of channels
and conduits which are directed towards the eye marked outfall.

Figure 4: Proposed Drainage Routes
4.4 Topographic Survey
4.4.1 Control Survey

Differential GPS-KOLIDA K9-T with one base and two GPS receivers was used in the
project due to the fact that it can collect both coordinate (X, Y) and elevation (Z) at the
same time at required accuracy and can do observation. At the same time KOLIDA K9-T
was used for control point extension of about 2 kilometres from control location to the
site using RTK mode of point acquisition for sport height picking and many other
necessary details found within the scope area.
KOLIDA K9-T one receiver and one rover using kinematic mode of point acquisition was
used for sport height picking and picking all necessary details found within the scope
area.
a) Given Control Points and New Established Control Points
The provided benchmark which are located at roundabout of roads going to
Kilombero, Ifakara centre and Kibaoni substation with points namely BH707 and
BF297 were checked and found to be in good condition and reliable for use as
survey control points, and hence were extended to Kibaoni site where new control
benchmark given point namely A1, A2 were established and coordinated for both
horizontal and height. Another control bench mark was seen at site and was also

coordinated and named TANESCO A1. The established controls were also
monumented (Table 2).
Table 2: Coordinates of Control benchmarks

S/N NORTHING EASTING ELEVATION POINT ID DESCRIPTION
1 9104910.224 244891.348 272.283 BH707 Given control
2 9104787.309 244804.221 270.520 BF297 Given control
Coordinated/Established
3 9106900.583 244423.219 273.023 TANESCO A1
control
4 9106905.653 244509.039 274.962 A1 Established control
5 9106843.772 244424.225 274.553 A2 Established control
4.4.2 Detailed Topographic Survey

Detailed topographical survey was carried out and the existing topographical maps
were updated using survey data and satellite imagery. The primary objectives of the
survey included picking up ground levels for the project site and also the corridor
connecting the substation and the tapping point along the high tension line, as well as
along the natural flow routes up to the outfall into the pad farms.
4.5 Hydrological Analysis
4.5.1 Drainage Area Description and Catchments Characteristics

The drainage area that contributes to flow at the drainage structure site was extracted
from Digital Elevation Model Using GIS techniques. The project site is located at the sub
catchment with area of about 0.0791 km2 (Figure 5).

Figure 5: Delineated Catchment Areas Contributing to Project Area
4.5.2 Rainfall Data and Analysis

The quantitative parameters of the rainfall characteristics that were analysed include:
• Monthly rainfall distribution.
• Annual rainfall
• Rainfall intensity of T years of the return period
• Establishment of intensity Duration Frequency Curve
The analysis shows that, the project area experiences: "the long rains" in January March
and April and “the short rains" in June, July, August September and October (Refer
Table 3, and Figure 6).
Table 3: Average Monthly Precipitation

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Precipitation 160.16 145.58 198.57 385.34 160.98 9.1 1 1.05 5.59 14.57 40.52 96.81

Figure 6: Monthly Precipitation at Ifakara Met. Station
The annual rainfall based on analysis from Ifakara Met. Station is approximately
1108.427mm. The statistics of the analysed stations are presented in Table 4.
Table 4: The Statistics of the Analysed Stations

Stat Min. Max. sd Cv Skewn Kur NA N MAR
Prec 0 162.8 11.505 3.2141 ess
4.9671 tosi
33. 's
82 423 1108
6 s
204 4 0 .42
3
The analysis of the rainfall data for 24h storm rainfall values estimated using the
Generalized Extreme Value distribution method are represented on the Table 5 below.
Table 5: Generalized Extreme Value Distribution at Ifakara Met. Station

Return
2 5 10 25 50 100 200 500 1000
Period
Rainfall
86.16 115.2 137.28 169.68 197.04 227.52 261.61 312.75 356.77
Intensity
In order to carry out a balanced evaluation of crossing peak discharges for different
return periods, the available daily and sub daily data obtained from Ifakara Met.
Station was used to establish rainfall Intensity Duration Frequency values (IDF). The
established IDF curves are presented in Figure 7.
Due to the use of NRCS curve number procedure in determination of flood level and
inundation mapping, the extreme values obtained above for 500 and 1000 year return
periods are used instead of sub daily rainfall intensities. Therefore sub daily rainfall
intensities for 500 and 1000 return periods are not used and hence not presented in
the IDF Curve.

Figure 7: Rainfall Intensity Duration Frequency Curves at Ifakara Met, 2010-2020
4.5.3 Estimation of Peak Discharge for Sizing of Drainage Structures

On economic basis and available guidelines, the design of drainage system adopts 25-
year 30min rainfall intensity. The estimation of peak discharge was performed using
rational method where, small contributing catchment areas were delineated and
numbered based on the topography and the channel to be designed.
A runoff coefficient of 0.3 was used in this assignment based on the land cover and soil
observed at the site. A 25-year 30min rainfall intensity obtained from the established
IDF Curve (114.76mm/hr) was used for establishing peak design discharge for the
project area.
The resulted peak discharges are presented in Table 6 below and the detailed analysis
of the peak discharge are presented as Appendix 1.

Table 6: Peak Discharge Summary

Sn Area Code Area (ha) Peak Discharge (m3/s)
1 ADR1 0.530 0.056
2 ADR2 0.65 0.068
3 ADR3 2.73 0.287
4 ADR4 1.950 0.205
5 ADR5 2.050 0.216
6 ADR6 (ADR3 + ADR4 + ADR5) 6.73 0.709
7 ADR7 - Outfall 7.91 0.833
4.6 Hydraulic and Geometric Design
4.6.1 Sizing of the Hydraulic Structures

Both drains and culverts were designed using manning equation considering the design
discharge and the lining material where 0.012 Manning value were adopted for
concrete lining.
The consideration during sizing of the structures were based on:
• The design discharge as estimated from hydrological study
• Head water for both inlet and outlet control as estimated from specific site
conditions
• Type of drainage structure
The hydraulic analysis results of the proposed pipe culverts and side drains are
presented in Appendix 2.
4.6.2 Flood Level and Inundation Mapping

Hydrologic Engineering Center-River Analysis System (HEC-RAS), a renowned
hydrodynamic model for natural channel networks has been used as a modelling
framework for estimating flooding depth at the project area. The HEC-RAS model was
set to perform 1D/2D hydraulic calculations for a project area where a steady flow
water surface profile computations (1D) and unsteady flow simulation (2D) was
performed. The results show that, under worst case scenarios (Q100, Q500 and Q1000)
the average of 0.325m, 0.508m and 0.727m depths of water can be reached
respectively. The corresponding contour elevations under 500 and 1000 years periods
are 272.899 m amsl and 273.000 m amsl respectively. However, the deeper depths
are found only on the surface with troughs and potholes. (Figure 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12). .

Figure 8: Flood Level and Inundation Map (Q100)


Figure 11: Flood Inundation Map (Q500) Elevation
Figure 12: Flood Inundation Map (Q1000) Elevation

5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Conclusion
The location of the proposed substation is characterised by relatively flat terrain which
receive runoff from relatively small surrounding catchments. To the west of the plot,
there is natural flow towards low laying area which provide appropriate outfall. Flood
inundation mapping was done to simulate worse case flood scenario under current
natural drainage situation. Flood level and inundation mapping shows a flood levels rise
to a maximum of 325 mm under 100 years return period, 0.508mm with contour
elevation of 272.899 m amsl under 500 years return period and 0.727m with contour
elevation of 273.000 m amsl under 1000 years return period, while information from
neighbouring residents indicate average of 400 mm flood level rise exists during rainfall
on the lowest part within the plot. It is further reported that once this static head is
gained, runoff find its natural way towards low laying areas. On economic basis and
available guidelines, the design of drainage system adopts 25-year 30min rainfall
intensity. To drain the plot, a uniform cross section of 0.75 m width x 0.6 m in depth
rectangular channels are adopted. 600 mm diameter concrete culverts are provided as
cross drainage structures while 900 mm diameter are provided for sub-surface
drainage.
5.2 Recommendations
It is recommended that improvement of the drainage structures to be done along with
the improvement of the roads surrounding the substation to ensure good performance
of the proposed drainage system.

6 LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendices annexed to this report are summarized. They are:
APPENDIX 1: Peak Discharge Hydrograph Report
APPENDIX 2: Drainage Hydraulic Results
APPENDIX 3: Design Tables for Circular Culverts
APPENDIX 4: Maximum 24hr Rainfall Data
APPENDIX 5: Topographic Survey Data (submitted in soft copy)
Volume II is complimentary to those in the main report and consists of DRAWINGS.

APPENDIX 1: PEAK DISCHARGE HYDROGRAPH REPORT

Appendix 1: Peak Flow Hydrograph Report
Drainage Model
Hydrograph 25-yr Summary
Hyd. Hydrograph Hydrograph Peak Time to Hydrograph Inflow Maximum Maximum
Flow Peak Volume Hyd(s) Elevation Storage
No. Type Name
(cms) (min) (cum) (m) (cum)
1 Rational DR1 0.0558 30 100 ----
2 Rational DR2 0.0684 30 123 ----
3 Rational DR3 0.2874 30 517 ----
4 Rational DR4 0.2053 30 370 ----
5 Rational DR5 0.2158 30 388 ----
6 Junction DR6 0.7085 30 1,275 3, 4, 5
7 Junction DR7 0.8328 30 1,499 1, 2, 6
8 Reach Outfall 0.7511 33 1,498 7

Hydrograph Report
DR1 Hyd. No. 1
Hydrograph Type = Rational Peak Flow = 0.0558 cms

Storm Frequency = 25-yr Time to Peak = 30 min
Time Interval = 1 min Runoff Volume = 100 cum
Drainage Area = 0.53 ha Runoff Coeff. = 0.3
Tc Method = User Time of Conc. (Tc) = 30.0 min
IDF Curve = IfakaraIDF.idf Intensity = 114.760 mm/hr
Freq. Corr. Factor = 1.10 Asc/Rec Limb Factors = 1/1
Qp = 0.056 cms
0.056
0.052
0.048
0.044
0.04
0.036
0.032
0.028
0.024
0.02
0.016
0.012
0.008
0.004
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (min)
DR2 Hyd. No. 2

Qp = 0.068 cms
0.068
0.064
0.06
0.056
0.052
0.048
0.044
0.04
0.036
0.032
0.028
0.024
0.02
0.016
0.012
0.008
0.004
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (min)
DR3 Hyd. No. 3

Qp = 0.287 cms
0.28
0.26
0.24
0.22
0.2
0.18
0.16
0.14
0.12
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (min)
DR4 Hyd. No. 4

Qp = 0.205 cms
0.21
0.2
0.19
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.1
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (min)
DR5 Hyd. No. 5

Qp = 0.216 cms
0.22
0.21
0.2
0.19
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.1
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (min)
DR6 Hyd. No. 6
Hydrograph Type = Junction Peak Flow = 0.7085 cms

Time Interval = 1 min Hydrograph Volume = 1,275 cum
Inflow Hydrographs = 3, 4, 5 Total Contrib. Area = 6.73 ac
Qp = 0.709 cms
1
0.95
0.9
0.85
0.8
0.75
0.7
0.65
0.6
0.55
0.5
0.45
0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (min)
DR3 DR4 DR5 DR6

DR7 Hyd. No. 7
Hydrograph Type = Junction Peak Flow = 0.8328 cms

Inflow Hydrographs = 1, 2, 6 Total Contrib. Area = 7.91 ac
Qp = 0.833 cms
1
0.95
0.9
0.85
0.8
0.75
0.7
0.65
0.6
0.55
0.5
0.45
0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (min)
DR1 DR2 DR6 DR7

Outfall Hyd. No. 8
Hydrograph Type = Reach Peak Flow = 0.7511 cms

Inflow Hydrograph = 7 - DR7 Section Type = Circular
Reach Length = 236 m Channel Slope = 0.60 %
Manning's n = 0.012 Pipe Diameter = 1.200 m
Side Slope (h:v) = n/a Maximum Depth = n/a
Rating Curve X = 5.350 Average Velocity = 0.736 m/s
Rating Curve m = 1.250 Routing Coeff. = 0.2095
Modified Att-Kin routing method
Qp = 0.751 cms
1
0.95
0.9
0.85
0.8
0.75
0.7
0.65
0.6
0.55
0.5
0.45
0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Time (min)
DR7 Outfall
Storm Distribution: IDF Based - Synthetic
Storm Total Rainfall Volume (mm)

Duration
1-yr 2-yr 3-yr 5-yr 10-yr ✔ 25-yr 50-yr 100-yr
1 hrs 0 43.290 0 57.910 67.710 80.270 89.730 99.260
Incremental Rainfall Distribution, 25-yr
Time Precip Time Precip Time Precip Time Precip Time Precip
(min) (mm) (min) (mm) (min) (mm) (min) (mm) (min) (mm)
1 0.556 12 0.909 23 1.793 34 2.379 45 1.099
2 0.578 13 0.958 24 1.936 35 2.184 46 1.039
3 0.602 14 1.011 25 2.096 36 2.013 47 0.984
4 0.628 15 1.068 26 2.278 37 1.862 48 0.933
5 0.655 16 1.131 27 2.486 38 1.728 49 0.886
6 0.684 17 1.200 28 2.725 39 1.608 50 0.843
7 0.715 18 1.276 29 3.000 40 1.501 51 0.803
8 0.748 19 1.359 30 3.321 41 1.404 52 0.766
9 0.784 20 1.451 31 3.154 42 1.316 53 0.731
10 0.822 21 1.553 32 2.857 43 1.237 54 0.699
11 0.864 22 1.666 33 2.601 44 1.165 55 0.669
80 80
75 75
70 70
65 65
60 60
55 55
50 50
45 45
40 40
35 35
30 30
25 25
20 20
15 15
10 10
5 5
0 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (min)
IDF Report
Equation Intensity = B / (Tc + D)^E (mm/hr)
Coefficients
1-yr 2-yr 3-yr 5-yr 10-yr 25-yr 50-yr 100-yr
B 0.0000 1250.4450 0.0000 2160.8730 2234.8190 6286.4810 10430.5800 12296.5300
D 0.0000 13.0000 0.0000 20.5000 20.6000 36.1000 43.7999 46.2999
E 0.0000 0.7839 0.0000 0.8248 0.7966 0.9552 1.0244 1.0328
Minimum Tc = 5 minutes
Tc Intensity Values (mm/hr)

(min)
1-yr 2-yr 3-yr 5-yr 10-yr 25-yr 50-yr 100-yr
Cf 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.25
5 0 129.731 0 149.463 168.825 180.676 194.406 210.654
10 0 107.052 0 128.943 146.458 161.911 175.920 191.361
15 0 91.754 0 113.768 129.824 146.744 160.612 175.263
20 0 80.665 0 102.052 116.920 134.226 147.731 161.629
25 0 72.220 0 92.709 106.588 123.714 136.743 149.936
30 0 65.550 0 85.070 98.110 114.760 127.260 139.800
35 0 60.134 0 78.697 91.015 107.039 118.995 130.929
40 0 55.640 0 73.293 84.981 100.311 111.727 123.102
45 0 51.844 0 68.646 79.780 94.396 105.287 116.146
50 0 48.590 0 64.605 75.246 89.153 99.542 109.923
55 0 45.766 0 61.055 71.254 84.473 94.385 104.324
60 0 43.290 0 57.910 67.710 80.270 89.730 99.260
Cf = Correction Factor applied to Rational Method runoff coefficient.
Ifakara IDF Curves

220
100yr
200 50yr
25yr
180
10yr
160
5yr
140 2yr
120
100
80
60
40
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
Time (min)
Hydrograph Report for Inundation Mapping
Runoff Estimation
Hydrograph Type = SCS Runoff Peak Flow = 6.57 cms

Storm Frequency = 500-yr Time to Peak = 12.02 hrs
Time Interval = 1 min Runoff Volume = 17,034 cum
Drainage Area = 7.91 ha Curve Number = 72
Tc Method = Kirpich Time of Conc. (Tc) = 13.43 min
Basin Slope = 0.5 % Hydraulic Length = 350 m
Total Rainfall = 312.750 mm Design Storm = Type II
Storm Duration = 24 hrs Shape Factor = 0.208
Qp = 6.570 cms
7
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Time (hrs)
Design Storm Report
Storm Distribution: NRCS/SCS - Type II

Duration 1000-yr
✔ 500-yr 2-yr 5-yr 10-yr 25-yr 50-yr 100-yr
24 hrs 312.750 86.160 356.770 115.200 137.280 169.680 197.040 227.520
(hrs) (mm) (hrs) (mm) (hrs) (mm) (hrs) (mm) (hrs) (mm)
11.42 0.580 11.60 1.757 11.78 4.569 11.97 4.303 12.15 0.879
11.43 0.588 11.62 1.963 11.80 5.142 11.98 3.001 12.17 0.860
11.45 0.596 11.63 2.168 11.82 5.714 12.00 1.699 12.18 0.840
11.47 0.605 11.65 2.374 11.83 6.286 12.02 1.073 12.20 0.820
11.48 0.613 11.67 2.580 11.85 6.858 12.03 1.018 12.22 0.800
11.50 0.621 11.68 2.786 11.87 7.430 12.05 0.998 12.23 0.780
11.52 0.731 11.70 2.991 11.88 8.003 12.07 0.978 12.25 0.760
11.53 0.934 11.72 3.197 11.90 8.575 12.08 0.959 12.27 0.741
11.55 1.140 11.73 3.403 11.92 9.147 12.10 0.939 12.28 0.721
11.57 1.346 11.75 3.608 11.93 5.981 12.12 0.919 12.30 0.701
11.58 1.551 11.77 3.967 11.95 5.606 12.13 0.899 12.32 0.681
300 300
280 280
260 260
240 240
220 220
200 200
180 180
160 160
140 140
120 120
100 100
80 80
60 60
40 40
20 20
0 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Time (hrs)
Hydrograph Report

Qp = 7.748 cms
8
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Time (hrs)
Design Storm Report

Duration 500-yr 2-yr ✔ 1000-yr 5-yr 10-yr 25-yr 50-yr 100-yr
24 hrs 312.750 86.160 356.770 115.200 137.280 169.680 197.040 227.520
11.42 0.661 11.60 2.004 11.78 5.213 11.97 4.909 12.15 1.003
11.43 0.671 11.62 2.239 11.80 5.865 11.98 3.423 12.17 0.981
11.45 0.680 11.63 2.474 11.82 6.518 12.00 1.938 12.18 0.958
11.47 0.690 11.65 2.708 11.83 7.171 12.02 1.224 12.20 0.935
11.48 0.699 11.67 2.943 11.85 7.824 12.03 1.161 12.22 0.913
11.50 0.709 11.68 3.178 11.87 8.476 12.05 1.139 12.23 0.890
11.52 0.834 11.70 3.412 11.88 9.129 12.07 1.116 12.25 0.868
11.53 1.066 11.72 3.647 11.90 9.782 12.08 1.093 12.27 0.845
11.55 1.300 11.73 3.882 11.92 10.435 12.10 1.071 12.28 0.822
11.57 1.535 11.75 4.116 11.93 6.823 12.12 1.048 12.30 0.800
11.58 1.770 11.77 4.525 11.95 6.395 12.13 1.026 12.32 0.777
340 340
320 320
300 300
280 280
260 260
240 240
220 220
200 200
180 180
160 160
140 140
120 120
100 100
80 80
60 60
40 40
20 20
0 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Time (hrs)
Hydrograph Report

Qp = 4.295 cms
5
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Time (hrs)
Design Storm Report

Duration 500-yr 2-yr 1000-yr 5-yr 10-yr 25-yr 50-yr ✔ 100-yr
24 hrs 312.750 86.160 356.770 115.200 137.280 169.680 197.040 227.520
11.42 0.422 11.60 1.278 11.78 3.324 11.97 3.131 12.15 0.640
11.43 0.428 11.62 1.428 11.80 3.740 11.98 2.183 12.17 0.625
11.45 0.434 11.63 1.577 11.82 4.157 12.00 1.236 12.18 0.611
11.47 0.440 11.65 1.727 11.83 4.573 12.02 0.780 12.20 0.596
11.48 0.446 11.67 1.877 11.85 4.989 12.03 0.741 12.22 0.582
11.50 0.452 11.68 2.026 11.87 5.406 12.05 0.726 12.23 0.568
11.52 0.532 11.70 2.176 11.88 5.822 12.07 0.712 12.25 0.553
11.53 0.680 11.72 2.326 11.90 6.238 12.08 0.697 12.27 0.539
11.55 0.829 11.73 2.475 11.92 6.654 12.10 0.683 12.28 0.524
11.57 0.979 11.75 2.625 11.93 4.351 12.12 0.669 12.30 0.510
11.58 1.129 11.77 2.886 11.95 4.078 12.13 0.654 12.32 0.496
220 220
200 200
180 180
160 160
140 140
120 120
100 100
80 80
60 60
40 40
20 20
0 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Time (hrs)
Precipitation Report
Active 500-yr 2-yr 1000-yr 5-yr 10-yr 25-yr 50-yr 100-yr
Active ✔ ✔ ✔
NRCS/SCS Storms > SCS Dimensionless Storms
SCS 6hr 0 60.060 0 81.960 97.200 117.540 133.440 150.060
Type I, 24-hr 312.750 86.160 356.770 115.200 137.280 169.680 197.040 227.520
Type IA, 24-hr 312.750 86.160 356.770 115.200 137.280 169.680 197.040 227.520
Type II, 24-hr ✔ 312.750 86.160 356.770 115.200 137.280 169.680 197.040 227.520
Type II FL, 24-hr 312.750 86.160 356.770 115.200 137.280 169.680 197.040 227.520
Type III, 24-hr 312.750 86.160 356.770 115.200 137.280 169.680 197.040 227.520
APPENDIX 2: DRAINAGE HYDRAULIC RESULTS

Appendix 2: Hydraulic Results
DR1 Channel 1
RECTANGULAR DISCHARGE
Bottom Width = 0.750 (m) Method = Known Q
Side Slope Left, z:1 = 0.000 Known Q = 0.056 cms
Side Slope Right, z:1 = 0.000
Total Depth = 0.600 (m)
Invert Elevation = 270.000 (m)
Channel Slope = 0.005 (m/m)
Manning's n = 0.012
CALCULATION SAMPLE
Flow Depth Area Velocity WP n-value Top Width Crit Depth HGL EGL
(cms) (m) (sqm) (m/s) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m)
0.056 0.080 0.060 0.930 0.910 0.012 0.750 0.085 270.080 270.124
DR2 Channel 2
Manning's n = 0.012
CALCULATION SAMPLE
(cms) (m) (sqm) (m/s) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m)
0.068 0.090 0.068 1.013 0.930 0.012 0.750 0.095 270.090 270.142
DR3 Channel 3
Manning's n = 0.012
CALCULATION SAMPLE
(cms) (m) (sqm) (m/s) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m)
0.287 0.240 0.180 1.597 1.230 0.012 0.750 0.250 270.240 270.370
DR4 Channel 4
Manning's n = 0.012
CALCULATION SAMPLE
(cms) (m) (sqm) (m/s) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m)
0.205 0.160 0.120 1.711 1.070 0.012 0.750 0.200 270.160 270.309
DR5 Channel 5
Manning's n = 0.012
CALCULATION SAMPLE
(cms) (m) (sqm) (m/s) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m)
0.216 0.170 0.128 1.694 1.090 0.012 0.750 0.205 272.170 272.316
Culvert Report
PC1-DR4 Culvert 1
CULVERT EMBANKMENT
Shape = Circular Top Width = 5.000 m
Inlet Edge = Projecting Top Elevation = 272.500 m
Material = Concrete Crest Length = 7.000 m
Manning's n = 0.012
Rise = 600 mm DISCHARGE
Span = 600 mm Method = User-defined
Invert Elev. Down = 271.500 m
Length = 10.0 m
Slope = 0.008 m/m
Invert Elev. Up = 271.580 m
No. Barrels =1 TAILWATER
Plan Skew Angle = 45 degrees Tailwater Elevation = Normal Depth
CALCULATION SAMPLE
Discharge Velocity Depth Hydraulic Grade Line
Total Culvert Over Top Down Up Down Up Down Up Hw
(cms) (cms) (cms) (m/s) (m/s) (mm) (mm) (m) (m) (m)
0.205 0.205 0.000 1.836 1.482 250 295 271.751 271.875 271.998
PC2-DR5 Culvert 2
CULVERT EMBANKMENT
Manning's n = 0.012
Length = 10.0 m
Slope = 0.008 m/m
CALCULATION SAMPLE
0.216 0.216 0.000 1.857 1.499 258 304 271.758 271.884 272.011
PC3-DR6 Channel 6
CULVERT EMBANKMENT
Manning's n = 0.012
Length = 80 m
Slope = 0.006 m/m
CALCULATION SAMPLE
0.709 0.709 0.000 2.365 1.967 429 497 271.429 271.997 272.217
PC4-DR7-To Outfall Channel 7
CULVERT EMBANKMENT
Manning's n = 0.012
Length = 195 m
Slope = 0.013 m/m
CALCULATION SAMPLE
0.833 0.833 0.000 3.235 2.084 382 541 268.882 271.541 271.796
APPENDIX 3: DESIGN TABLES FOR CIRCULAR CULVERTS


APPENDIX 4: MAXIMUM 24HR RAINFALL DATA

Maximum 24hr
Year
Rainfall Data
2010 53.6
2011 73.6
2012 70.2
2014 116.3
2015 127.2
2016 84
2017 81
2018 89.9
2019 88.2
2020 162.8

APPENDIX 5: TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY DATA (Submitted in Soft Copy)

2020.08.21 Final Hydrological Report - Ifakara Substation - R01

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CONTRUCTION OF 220/33KV SUBSTATION IN IFAKARA

FINAL HYDROLOGICAL REPORT

GEOPLAN Tanzania Limited Page 2

4.6.2 Flood Level and Inundation Mapping .....................................................................20

GEOPLAN Tanzania Limited Page 3

Table 1: Rainfall Station Used .......................................................................................................13

GEOPLAN Tanzania Limited Page 4

Figure 1: Project Location ...............................................................................................................7

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b) Final Report and Conclusions

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2 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT AREA

Figure 1: Project Location

2.3 Soils and Land Use/Land Cover

GEOPLAN Tanzania Limited Page 7

2.5 Overview of Existing Drainage System

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Figure 2: Characteristic of Existing Drainage System

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3.2 Hydrological Models

3.2.1 Flood Estimation Models

GEOPLAN Tanzania Limited Page 10

S = A maximum potential retention(mm) given by eqn2:

3.3 Hydraulic Analysis

3.3.1 Design Standards

GEOPLAN Tanzania Limited Page 11

The checking of culvert hydraulic structures is based on FHWA, 2005 guidelines

GEOPLAN Tanzania Limited Page 12

4 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY

4.1 Site Reconnaissance

4.2 Desktop Study and Data Collection

Table 1: Rainfall Station Used

GEOPLAN Tanzania Limited Page 13

Figure 3: Showing Rainfall Station and Project Site

4.3 Planning for Drainage Improvement

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Figure 4: Proposed Drainage Routes

4.4 Topographic Survey

4.4.1 Control Survey

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Table 2: Coordinates of Control benchmarks

4.4.2 Detailed Topographic Survey

4.5 Hydrological Analysis

4.5.1 Drainage Area Description and Catchments Characteristics

GEOPLAN Tanzania Limited Page 16

Figure 5: Delineated Catchment Areas Contributing to Project Area

4.5.2 Rainfall Data and Analysis

Table 3: Average Monthly Precipitation

GEOPLAN Tanzania Limited Page 17

Figure 6: Monthly Precipitation at Ifakara Met. Station

Table 4: The Statistics of the Analysed Stations

Table 5: Generalized Extreme Value Distribution at Ifakara Met. Station

GEOPLAN Tanzania Limited Page 18

Figure 7: Rainfall Intensity Duration Frequency Curves at Ifakara Met, 2010-2020

4.5.3 Estimation of Peak Discharge for Sizing of Drainage Structures

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Table 6: Peak Discharge Summary

4.6 Hydraulic and Geometric Design

4.6.1 Sizing of the Hydraulic Structures

4.6.2 Flood Level and Inundation Mapping

GEOPLAN Tanzania Limited Page 20

Figure 8: Flood Level and Inundation Map (Q100)