1.

In Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, identity crisis occurs during the teenage
years in which people struggle with feelings of identity versus role confusion. He lived
such a crisis in his own life. At a young age found out his father was really his stepfather.
Went to art school against his stepfather's wish before entering psychiatry. Emigrated to
the U.S. Erikson talked about the kinds of identity crisis; ratio and negative identity.
Ratio refers to the balance between the opposite poles of each psychosocial crisis: trust
vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. shame, etc. Although it may be best for the ratio to favor trust,
autonomy, and so on. While negative identity is often expressed as an angry and snobbish
rejection of the roles expected by one’s family, community, or even society.
2. Both see personality development as a series of stages. Both of them also recognized
unconscious factors in development however their difference is that they have different
developmental issues and Freud's psychosexual theory emphasizes the importance of
basic needs and biological forces, while Erikson's psychosocial theory is based upon
social and environmental factors. Erikson also widens his theory into adulthood, while
Freud's theory ends at an earlier period.
3. Erikson believed that identity crisis it was one of the most important conflicts
people face in development. The evidence he found among Native Americans is that
every group within a society is somewhat familiar with the stereotypical identity
attributed to other groups, and these factors play an important role, even when they are
expressed in negative ways, such as mixed-blood Native Americans calling full-blooded
Native Americans the “n word”

On WW2, he encountered patients, who had been fighting in the war, who had
become severely disturbed. However, they could not be described in the typical ways,
such as being “shell-shocked” or just faking mental illness to escape combat.

4. A conflict is a turning point where each person faces a struggle to attain a specific
psychological quality. People will face different conflicts over these eight stages of their
lives, and they must overcome these conflicts. Personality development will depend on
how each conflict is overcome.
5. 1. BASIC TRUST VS. BASIC MISTRUST. (0-2) An infant in this stage is faced with
a crisis similar to Freud's oral stage. He or she depends on others to get needs met. If this
is accomplished the child developes a sense of trust which carries on. If this crisis is not
resolved, may carry a sense of mistrust and fear into adult life relationships. Basic
mistrust, if strong enough, may even induce a psychotic break. The person doesn't trust
the reality systems of other people.
2. AUTONOMY VS. SHAME AND DOUBT. (2-3) The child becomes mobile with his
or her world. Being aboe to move about helps develop a sense of independence
(autonomy) if encouraged and there is a consistency from the adult. A child faces failures
and inconsistencies feels shame and doubts his or her self worth. Severe toilet training
attempts before the child is capable of self control can lead to this outcome, as can
unwinnable power struggles with adults. (Adults getting sucked into these power
struggles result in the "terrible twos.)
3. INITIATIVE VS. GUILT. (4-5) The child is at a stage comparable to Freud's phallic
stage. He inquinsitively explores his or her environment trying new things. If parents
reinforce this sense of independence and investigation, the child develops initiative.
When the parent is restrictive, the child develops a sense of guilt.
4. INDUSTRY VS. INFERIORITY (6-12) the child starting school is faced with a new
social role and of getting approval from others by being able to perform certain tasks. A
child not developing these skills and feeling accepted on the basis of competent
 performance will develop a sense of inferiority. The same applies to household tasks, or
tasks learned outside schools in tribal cultures.

6. Identity versus role confusion is the fifth stage of Erikson’s stages of Psychosocial
Development. It is related to adolescence and the teenage years into the twenties. The
task during adolescence is to achieve ego identity and avoid role confusion. However,
there is such a thing as too much "ego identity," where a person is so involved in a
particular role in a particular society or subculture that there is no room left for tolerance.
Erikson calls this maladaptive tendency fanaticism. In response to role confusion or
identity crisis, an adolescent may begin to experiment with different lifestyles (e.g., work,
education or political activities). Also pressuring someone into an identity can result in
rebellion in the form of establishing a negative identity, and in addition to this feeling of
unhappiness.
7. The first four stage begins at birth and lasts through around childhood between ages of
five and twelve. It is the building of child’s potential and confidence while the transition
from childhood to adulthood happens at stage 5 until the eighth stage. The major
development happens on the fifth stage up to the last stage where children are becoming
more independent, and develops a sense of self because this is where the child has to
learn the roles he will occupy as an adult. It is during this stage that the adolescent will
re-examine his identity and try to find out exactly who he or she is.
8. Ego identity is the conscious sense of self that we develop through social interaction,
which is constantly changing due to new experiences and information we acquire in our
daily interactions with others. Ego identity is the key element in a person’s development.

I think some people fail to achieve an identity at this stage because they weren’t
able to get through the conflicts such as confusing changes. They failed to pass through
the conflicts that they are uncertain about who they are. Lacking this understanding, they
can become socially disconnected and cut-off from others

9. Generativity refers to "making your mark" on the world by caring for others as well as
creating and accomplishing things that make the world a better place. Generativity
include making commitments to other people, developing relationships with family,
mentoring others and contributing to the next generation. For example, a parent's goal to
"save enough money to put my child through college" would be a generative goal
10. The first stage of Erikson’s psychosocial development which is Trust vs. Mistrust’s
strengths is that it helps the infant develop a sense of trust. The basic strength developed
is hope. Second Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt stage’s strength is that If a child is
allowed to develop at their own pace during this stage, they can acquire self-reliance and
self-confidence where the will is developed. Third stage is Initiative vs. Guilt. The
strength of it is that a child can develop initiative through social interactions, and by
planning and commencing in play and other activities where their purpose is developed.
Fourth stage is the Industry vs. Inferiority. The strength of this is that the child learns to
be productive and to accept the evaluation of his or her efforts, and in turn, can develop a
sense of accomplishment and pride in their academic work, sports, social activities and
home life where competency is developed. The fifth stage strength, Identity vs. Role
Confusion is that an individual develops a sense of self by experimenting with a variety
of social roles where they develop a strong sense of identity. Sixth stage is Intimacy vs.
Isolation. The strength of this stage is that this helps to create intimate relationships with
others where love is being developed. Seventh stage is Generativity vs. Stagnation where
its strength is that the fulfillments of parental and social responsibilities are developed.
 Lastly, Integrity vs. Despair’s strength is that one can either develop a sense of
satisfaction of their life and approach death with peace where wisdom is developed.
11. Freud's psychosexual theory emphasizes the importance of basic needs and biological
forces, while Erikson's psychosocial theory is based upon social and environmental
factors
12. I can say that ego identity constantly changes due to new experiences and
information we acquire in our daily interactions with others. Teen behavior often seems
unpredictable and impulsive, but all of this is part of the process of finding a sense of
personal identity As we have new experiences, we also take on challenges that can help
or hinder the development of identity.
While on generativity in middle age, this is where contributing to society and
doing things to benefit future generations are important needs. Also, it is at this
point in life that some people might experience what is often referred to as a
"midlife crisis."
13. Role playing games lets us experience things you can't find in real Life that lets us create
new characters and experience new thing. Also, individuals play roles as unlike or like
real self-chosen hiding their real identity.
14. High generativity values might lead to generally higher evaluation of team outcomes
because team outcomes reflect mutual support and helping other while low generativity
stagnates in growth and development, being unable to look beyond the needs of the self
15. Generativity in older age could play that role and provides a conceptual framework that
enriches the concept of successful ageing, both by emphasising the social context in
which people age and by highlighting a personal growth component.
16. Erikson's theory has been criticized for focusing so heavily on stages and assuming that
the completion of one stage is prerequisite for the next crisis of development.
SELF ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS:

1. My mother and my aunties raised me. I can remember I have had a happy childhood. I
don’t have a dramatic or a traumatic experience as to how my parents raised me like most
of the other kids. For them, it wasn’t that hard to raise me. They handled my
wrongdoings and mistakes very calmly, although I can’t remember doing something
that’s very bad. They never found it necessary to mold me into anything that they wanted
me to be. Aside from wanting me to grow into an intelligent, kind-hearted person, my
parents let me be who I wanted to be. They really let me plant my own seed and flourish
into the young adult that I am.
2. I can say that those experiences contributed to how I behave today. If it wasn’t for them, I
am not what I am today. I was taught to be fair and independent. They taught me to make
my own decisions and to stick with them. That is maybe the greatest thing in my
upbringing, loving and trusting parents, whom been treating me as equal, not just like a
kid. It mold me to become a better me because my mother said that i should be me,
because the future is mine, and they are just trying their best to give me a nice path and a
little push for me to start my journey in life. Here again, I been lucky, no demanding and
no pressure.
ASSESSMENT

1. Sanguine
2. Phlegmatic
3. Melancholy
4. Melancholy
5. Choleric
6. Phlegmatic
7. Phlegmatic
8. Phlegmatic
9. Phlegmatic
10. Choleric
11. Melancholy
12. Sanguine
13. Personality
14. Temperament
15. Character

SELF ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS

1. Expectations and challenges I’m facing right now:

 At home – I think the only challenge I am facing right now at home is managing
my time since I have responsibilities to do such as preparing our breakfast, lunch
and dinner. I also have to do my household chores while doing my schoolworks.
Also, sometimes they expect me to be efficient while I’m at home
 At School – Since I am an aspiring Certified Public Accountant, my grades
should not fail. They expect me to achieve good grades and have excellent
performance however, as we all know we are in the midst of a pandemic where a
fast internet is a necessity since we have online classes. For me, online classes
aren’t that effective as face to face that it makes it hard for me to learn more.
 Peers – I can say that my peers always expect me to be strong since I am that
friend that you will never see suffer because I always tend to suffer in silence and
not confide my problems with them. Some people expects me to be strong that
sometimes they become insensitive.
 Others – The others for me is my victory group where I am expected to
participate every now and then and talk about life. Sometimes I am exhausted
from everything that instead of attending our meetings, I just sleep it off.
 2. Mohammad Acub – The challenge I am experiencing right now is financial problems
since it is pandemic and I can’t do my sidelines or part times.

v Canlas – I am tired of being tired of everything like I have anxieties about

Gizelle Anne
everything that’s happening in my life right now.
v
Jovelyn Tipotipon – The challenge I am facing right now is trying hard to study online
which is basically self-study since I can be easily distracted by things I see online

Mariz Banasihan – The challenge i am currently dealing with is that my grandmother

v I love her.
died without me telling how much

Aila Pamulaklakin – Managing my time since I have a baby sister to take care while I am
studying my online class.

3. Challenges I am facing
For me the challenge I faced since I was a child is
the absence of my father but I don’t feel abandoned. I don’t cry at night that I was never
able to go to a father/daughter dance and I don’t have daddy issues. What I do have, is an
overwhelming amount of thanks to God for removing such a toxic human from mine and
my mother’s lives. I am grateful that I’ve been surrounded with strong father figures in
my grandfather and my uncles. Second is I am struggling to have a mental stability from
all the things that’s happening right now considering that going out and spending the
night out are my escape from sadness and this pandemic is really hard to deal with.
Attending school and eating out with my friends is my escape but know I am just
exhausted on a routine or cycle I do every day. What these challenges have proven to me
day in and day out is that each day I wake up is a gift and a chance. To be better, to grow,
to love, and to make a difference. But most importantly, what my challenges have proven
to me is that I am strong and I am worthy.

4. Cognitive – I tend to overthink and constant worry about the things I have to do that I
tend to be forgetful and disorganized because of the stress that pressures me.
Emotional – Sometimes I will just cry the hell out and breakdown. My coping
mechanism is cry infront of the things I have to do that’s stressing me out at the middle of
the night
Behavioral - The reaction I do whenever I am stressed is procrastinating and sometimes
avoiding responsibilities. Also, sometimes i do stress eating and write some songs about
what I feel.

MY PERSONAL STRESS BURSTING TECHNIQUES

HOW I HANDLE STRESS

As a student and a seller on my small business at the same time I always feel I’m under the stress
that I still have to study my modules while I’m busy with my business, and I always say to my
sister I will chose to do only one thing. But after understanding this subject, I’ve changed my
mind because I think I have more control than I might think. In fact, the simple realization that I
have control of my life and I can overcome the stress by doing some flexibility, I believe that
flexibility is needed to perform everyday activities with relative ease, and in my life I try to
overcome the stress by thinking about different ideas, orientation, ways, and practices a lot of
thing in my daily life. On the other hand I’ve decided to take an advantage of new opportunities
to change my life in better way, I’ve decided to change my daily routine because I feel boring
and I cannot give more to my work and study, however I try to walk every day 1 hour on the
beach because I feel this thing can change my mind to better, and read book during any activates
I have and I believe it would be a great impact in my life.
I always believe in optimism and the power of positive thinking is directly
connected to the ability to remove, control or eliminate negative thoughts in our minds.
Moreover I have appositive view for my future life I always believe I have positive thinking to
create a better life, that I want to enjoy greater success, happiness and enjoy more of the things I
want in my career, family or even in social life, in my opinion it’s important to me to make these
or think in positive life because it makes a big difference.