TYPE 2 CONDITIONAL

BENTUK
Dalam kalimat type 2 conditional, tense dalam klausa if adalah simple past dan tense dalam
klausa utama adalah present conditional atau present continuous conditional.

Klausa if (kondisi) Klausa utama (hasil/akibat)

If + simple past present conditional atau present continuous conditional

If this thing happened that thing would happen.

Sama seperti dalam semua kalimat conditional, urutan klausa tidaklah tetap. Anda mungkin
harus menyesuaikan kata ganti (pronoun) dan tanda baca saat mengubah urutan klausa,
tetapi artinya sama.

CONTOH

 If it rained, you would get wet.

 You would get wet if it rained.
 If you went to bed earlier you wouldn't be so tired.
 You wouldn't be so tired if you went to bed earlier.
 If she fell, she would hurt herself.
 She would hurt herself if she fell.

FUNGSI
Type 2 conditional merujuk ke kondisi yang tidak mungkin terjadi atau pengandaian dan
kemungkinan hasilnya. Kalimat-kalimat ini tidak berdasarkan situasi nyata. Dalam
kalimat type 2 conditional, waktunya adalah sekarang atau kapan pun dan
situasinya tidak nyata atau pengandaian.

CONTOH

 If the weather wasn't so bad, we would go to the park. (Tetapi, cuacanya buruk
sehingga kita tidak bisa pergi.)
  If I was the Queen of England, I would give everyone a chicken. (Tetapi, saya bukan
sang Ratu.)
 If you really loved me, you would buy me a diamond ring.
 If I knew where she lived, I would go and see her.

Penggunaan "if I were" dan bukan "if I was" (subjunctive mood) adalah benar dan sangat
umum digunakan.

CONTOH

 If I were taller, I would buy this dress.

 If I were 20, I would travel the world.
 If I were you, I would give up smoking.
 If I were a plant, I would love the rain.

Dalam kalimat type 2 conditional, Anda juga dapat menggunakan modal dalam klausa

utama dan bukan would untuk menyatakan tingkat kepastian, izin, atau rekomendasi
mengenai hasil atau akibat akhir.

CONTOH

 We might buy a larger house if we had more money

 He could go to the concert if you gave him your ticket.
 If he called me, I couldn't hear.

PRESENT CONDITIONAL TENSE

Present conditional dari kata kerja apa pun terdiri dari dua unsur:
would + infinitive dari kata kerja utama tanpa to

Subjek + would + infinitive

He would go

They would stay

TO GO: PRESENT CONDITIONAL

Positif Negatif Pertanyaan Pertanyaan Negatif

I would go I wouldn't go Would I go? Wouldn't I go?

You would go You wouldn't go Would you go? Wouldn't you go?

He would go He wouldn't go Would he go? Wouldn't he go?

She would go She wouldn't go Would she go? Wouldn't she go?

We would go We wouldn't go Would we go? Wouldn't we go?

They would go They wouldn't go Would they go? Wouldn't they go?
TYPE 3 CONDITIONAL
BENTUK
Dalam kalimat type 3 conditional, tense dalam klausa if adalah past perfect dan tense dalam
klausa utama adalah perfect conditional atau perfect continuous conditional.

Klausa if (kondisi) Klausa utama (hasil/akibat)

If + past perfect perfect conditional atau perfect continuous conditional

If this thing had happened that thing would have happened.

Sama seperti dalam semua kalimat conditional, urutan klausa tidaklah tetap. Anda mungkin
harus menyesuaikan kata ganti (pronoun) dan tanda baca saat mengubah urutan klausa,
tetapi artinya sama.

CONTOH

 If it had rained, you would have gotten wet.

 You would have gotten wet if it had rained.
 You would have passed your exam if you had worked harder.
 If you had worked harder, you would have passed your exam.
 I would have believed you if you hadn't lied to me before.
 If you hadn't lied to me before, I would have believed you.

FUNGSI
Type 3 conditional merujuk ke kondisi tidak mungkin di masa lalu dan kemungkinan
hasilnya di masa lalu. Kalimat-kalimat ini benar-benar merupakan pengandaian dan tidak
nyata karena sudah terlambat untuk dilakukan sekarang dan hasilnya sudah tidak mungkin
terjadi. Selalu ada implikasi penyesalan dalam kalimat type 3 conditional. Kenyataannya
merupakan kebalikan dari yang dinyatakan oleh kalimat. Dalam kalimat type 3 conditional,
waktunya adalah masa lalu dan situasinya merupakan pengandaian atau tidak nyata.

CONTOH
  If I had worked harder I would have passed the exam. (Tetapi, saya tidak bekerja
keras dan saya tidak lulus ujian.)
 If I had known you were coming I would have baked a cake. (Tetapi, saya tidak tahu
dan saya tidak memanggang kue.)
 I would have been happy if you had called me on my birthday. (Tetapi, Anda tidak
menelepon saya dan saya tidak senang.)

Dalam kalimat type 3 conditional, Anda juga dapat menggunakan modal dalam klausa

utama dan bukan would untuk menyatakan tingkat kepastian, izin, atau rekomendasi
mengenai hasil atau akibat akhir.

CONTOH

 If I had worked harder I might have passed the exam.

 You could have been on time if you had caught the bus.
 If he called you, you could go.
 If you bought my school supplies for me, I might be able to go to the park.

CONTRACTION
Baik would dan had dapat disingkat menjadi 'd, yang mungkin membingungkan jika Anda
tidak yakin menggunakan kalimat type 3 conditional. Ingatlah 2 aturan:

1. Would tidak pernah muncul dalam klausa if, sehingga jika 'd muncul dalam klausa if,

pasti itu adalah singkatan dari had.
2. Had tidak pernah muncul sebelum have, sehingga jika 'd muncul di depan kata ganti
(pronoun) tepat sebelum have, pasti itu adalah singkatan dari would.

CONTOH

 If I'd known you were in hospital, I'd have visited you.

 If I had known you were in hospital, I would have visited you.
 I'd have bought you a present if I'd known it was your birthday.
 I would have bought you a present if I had known it was your birthday.
 If you'd given me your e-mail, I'd have written to you.
 If you had given me your e-mail, I would have written to you.

PERFECT CONDITIONAL TENSE

Perfect conditional dari kata kerja apa pun terdiri dari tiga unsur:
would + have + past participle
Have yang diikuti oleh past participle juga digunakan dalam pola lain. Pola ini
disebut "perfect infinitive".
Subjek + would + have + past participle

He would have gone

They would have stayed

TO GO: PERFECT CONDITIONAL

Positif Negatif Pertanyaan Pertanyaan Negatif

I would have I wouldn't have gone Would I have gone? Wouldn't I have gone?
gone

You would have You wouldn't have Would you have Wouldn't you have
gone gone gone? gone?

He would have He wouldn't have Would he have Wouldn't he have

gone gone gone? gone?

She would have She wouldn't have Would she have Wouldn't she have
gone gone gone? gone?

We would have We wouldn't have Would we have Wouldn't we have

gone gone gone? gone?

They would have They wouldn't have Would they have Wouldn't they have
gone gone gone? gone?