COPD/ CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE/ CHRONIC AIRFLOW LIMITATION

RISK FACTORS: Remember the word CAL

C Cigarette smoking

A Allergens

L Alpha 1 Antitrypsin Deficiency

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CHRONIC BRONCHITIS (Blue Bloater) EMPHYSEMA (Pink Puffer)

Inflammation of the Bronchi Breakdown of the elasticity of

¯ Hypersecretion of Mucus the lungs

Productive Cough Decreased lung Recoil

Obstruction of the
airways
Crackles

Over distention of the Lungs

Increased airway Resistance

Barrel Chest

Impaired Gas Exchange

C Cyanosis
Carbon dioxide is increased → respiratory acidosis
Cardiac Dysrhythmias
O Oxygen is decrease→ hypoxemia→ decreased oxygen
saturation
Orthopnea
P Prolonged expiration
Pulmonary Hypertension
Pulmonary Function Test → Decreased vital capacity
D Dyspnea
Decrease in weight
Do use accessory muscles for breathing→ hypertrophy of
muscles
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MANAGEMENT: Remember the word COPD

C Cessation of cigarette smoking
Chest Physiotherapy
Corticosteriod for inflammation
Clearing the secretion through suction
Cough suppressant
O Oxygen therapy (low flow rate of 2-3 LPM)
Offer fluids up to 2-3L/day
Oral Hygiene
P Proper Positioning (Orthopneic/ High Fowlers)
Pursed Lip Breathing
Postural Drainage
D Diet (high calorie, high protein, low carbohydrates)
Decreased oxygen demand (for rest)
Dilate the bronchi by giving bronchodilators