COLEGIO BILINGÜE SUBJECT SCIENCE

LA CONSOLATA
TEACHER Jose David Galvis
“La Excelencia es GRAD DATE:
TERM
fruto de la Exigencia” E
Magnetism 1st 6th
PERFORMANC Understands how different bodies
can be electrically charged and
E BENCHMARK associates this charge to the effect CONTENT
of attraction and repulsion

NAME:

What is magnetism?

Remember when you first discovered that two magnets could snap together and stick like
glue? Remember the force when you held two magnets close and felt them
either attract (pull toward one another) or repel (push away)? One of the most amazing
things about magnets is the way they can attract other magnets (or other magnetic
materials) "at a distance," invisibly, through what we call a magnetic field.

Nowadays we understand what happens inside magnetic materials, how

their atomic structure causes their magnetic properties, and how electricity and
magnetism are really just two sides of the same coin: electromagnetism. Once scientists
would have said magnetism was the strange, invisible force of attraction between certain
materials; today, we're more likely to define it as a force created by electric currents
(themselves caused by moving electrons).

Six things to know about magnets:

1. A magnet has two ends called poles, one of which is called a north pole or north-
seeking pole, while the other is called a south pole or south-seeking pole.
2. The north pole of one magnet attracts the south pole of a second magnet, while
the north pole of one magnet repels the other magnet's north pole. So we have
the common saying: like poles repel, unlike poles attract.
3. A magnet creates an invisible area of magnetism all around it called a magnetic
field.
4. The north pole of a magnet points roughly toward Earth's north pole and vice-
versa. That's because Earth itself contains magnetic materials and behaves like a
gigantic magnet.
5. If you cut a bar magnet in half, you get two brand new, smaller magnets, each with
its own north and south pole.
6. If you run a magnet a few times over an unmagnetized piece of a magnetic
material (such as an iron nail), you can convert it into a magnet as well. This is
called magnetization.

What is a magnetic field?

Suppose you put a bar magnet (shaped like a rectangle, sometimes with the north and
south poles painted different colors) or a horseshoe magnet (bent round into a tight U-
shape) onto a table and place an iron nail nearby. If you push the magnet slowly toward
the nail, there will come a point when the nail jumps across and sticks to the magnet.
That's what we mean by magnets having an invisible magnetic field that extends all

“Do the “good” well and in silence”

around them. Another way of describing this is to say that a magnet can "act at a
distance": it can cause a pushing or pulling force on other objects it isn't actually
touching).

Magnetic fields can penetrate through all kinds of materials, not just air. You may have
done the trick where you use a magnet to pick up a long chain of paperclips, with each clip
magnetizing the next one along. That little experiment tells us that a magnetic field can
penetrate through magnetic materials such as iron.

How is Earth like a magnet?

Why do magnets point north or south? A great English scientist named William

Gilbert answered that question in 1600 when he suggested that Earth is a giant magnet.

We now know that Earth is magnetic because it's packed with molten rocks rich in
magnetic materials such as iron. Just like a bar magnet, Earth's magnetic field stretches
out into space, in a region called the magnetosphere, and can affect things around it.
When energetic particles zooming in from the Sun (the so-called solar wind) interact with
Earth's magnetic field, we get amazing auroras in the sky (the northern lights or aurora
borealis and the southern lights or aurora australis).

What about other stars and planets—do they have magnetism too? We know the Sun has
a magnetic field several times stronger than Earth's, but the Moon has little or no
magnetism. The other planets have magnetic fields too. Saturn, Jupiter, Neptune, and
Uranus have fields stronger than Earth's, while Mars, Mercury, and Venus have weaker
fields. It's not yet known whether Pluto has a magnetic field (but then astronomers are
still arguing over whether it's even a planet!).

How can we measure magnetism?

The strength of the field around a magnet depends on how close you get: it's strongest
very near the magnet and falls off quickly
as you move away. (That's why a small
magnet on your table has to be quite close
to things to attract them.) We measure the
strength of magnetic fields in units
called gauss and tesla (the modern SI unit,
named for electricity pioneer Nikola Tesla,
1856–1943). It's interesting to note that
the strength of Earth's magnetic field is
very weak—about 100–1000 times weaker
than that of a typical bar or fridge magnet.
On Earth, gravity, not magnetism, is the
force that sticks you to the floor. We'd
notice Earth's magnetism much more if its
gravity weren't so very strong.

What do we use magnets for?

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You might be surprised just how many things around you work by magnetism or
electromagnetism. Every electric appliance with an electric motor in it uses magnets to
turn electricity into motion. Motors use electricity to generate temporary magnetism in
wire coils. The magnetic field thus produced pushes against the fixed field of a permanent
magnet, spinning the inside part of the motor around at high speed. You can harness this
spinning motion to drive all kinds of machines.

There are magnets in your refrigerator holding the door closed. Magnets read and write
data (digital information) on your computer's hard drive and on cassette tapes in old-
fashioned personal stereos. More magnets in your hi-fi loudspeakers or headphones help
to turn stored music back into sounds you can hear. If you're sick with a serious internal
illness, you might have a type of body scan called NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance),
which draws the world beneath your skin using patterns of magnetic fields. Magnets are
used to recycle your metal trash (steel food cans are strongly magnetic
but aluminum drinks cans are not, so a magnet is an easy way to separate the two
different metals).

Which materials are magnetic?

Iron is the king of magnetic materials—the metal we all think of when we think of
magnets. Most other common metals (such as copper, gold, silver, and aluminum) are, at
first sight, nonmagnetic and most nonmetals
(including paper, wood, plastic, concrete, glass, and textiles such as cotton and wool) are
nonmagnetic too. But iron's not the only magnetic metal. Nickel, cobalt, and elements
that belong to a part of the Periodic Table (the orderly arrangement chemists use to
describe all the known chemical elements) known as the rare-Earth metals (notably
samarium and neodymium) also make good magnets. Some of the best magnets
are alloys (mixtures) of these elements with one another and with other elements.
Ferrites (compounds made of iron, oxygen, and other elements) also make superb
magnets. Lodestone (which is also called magnetite) is an example of a ferrite that's
commonly found inside Earth (it has the chemical formula FeO·Fe 2O3).

Materials like iron turn into good temporary magnets when you put a magnet near them,
but tend to lose some or all of their magnetism when you take the magnet away again.
We say these materials are magnetically soft. By contrast, alloys of iron and the rare-Earth
metals retain most of their magnetism even when you remove them from a magnetic
field, so they make good permanent magnets. We call those materials magnetically hard.

Is it true to say that all materials are either magnetic or nonmagnetic? People used to
think that but scientists now know that the materials we consider to be nonmagnetic are
also affected by magnetism, though extremely weakly. The extent to which a material can
be magnetized is called its susceptibility.

Extra information:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yXCeuSiTOug

Information taken from:

https://www.explainthatstuff.com/magnetism.html

“Do the “good” well and in silence”

After reading your worksheet, answer the following questions about magnetism

1. What do magnets stick to?

A. Copper
B. Iron
C. Plastic
D. Wood

2. When two magnets attract, they ________

A. Push apart
B. Get colder
C. Change color
D. Pull together

3. When two magnets repel, they _________

A. Push apart
B. Get colder
C. Change color
D. Pull together

4. Magnets have a north and south _______

A. Shape
B. Pole
C. Color
D. Region

5. The force of magnetism is stronger when magnets are

A. Cold
B. Closer together
C. Round
D. Farther apart

6. What part of an atom is responsible for magnetism?

A. Electron
B. Proton
C. Neutron
D. Quark

7. What would increase the strength of an electromagnet?

A. Increasing the amount of current flowing through the wire
B. Changing the direction of the current
C. Inserting a wooden core inside the coil
D. Decreasing the number of coils of wire

8. The strongest part of a magnet is …

A. The bars
B. The poles
C. The force fields
D. The middle

“Do the “good” well and in silence”

9. Silvia did an experiment with an electromagnet. Below is the data she collected.

A. 30 coils will hold 50 paperclips

B. 15 coils hold twice as many paperclips as 10 coils
C. Using more coils increases the strength of the electromagnet
D. The more coils, the fewer paperclips the electromagnet will hold.

10. Magnets that are arranged like this will __________

A. Move away from each other (repel)

B. Move towards each other (attract)
C. Not move
D. Change poles

11. Magnets that are arranged like this will __________

A. Move away from each other (repel)

B. Move towards each other (attract)
C. Not move
D. Change poles

12. Surrounding every magnet, there is a _____________

A. Magnetic field
B. Another magnet
C. Electrical current
D. Magnetic particles

“Do the “good” well and in silence”