Design Optimization (ME41613)

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Engineering Design Optimization (ME60079)

GOUTAM CHAKRABORTY
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KHARAGPUR
 Lecture 5

Introduction to Design Optimization

Objectives:

After listening to this lecture you should be able to

• Express design objectives in mathematical form

• Classify design objectives
 Design Objectives

Design objective(s) is (are) the performance index

(indices) which is (are) maximized or minimized in
any design problem

Design objective is quantifiable (i.e., it can be

expressed as a number).
 P Objective as explicit function
of design variables
Example 1

L
Objective: Minimum cost

A A 𝒇𝒇 𝒅𝒅, 𝒕𝒕 = 𝑪𝑪𝟏𝟏 𝝅𝝅𝝅𝝅𝝅𝝅𝝅𝝅 + 𝑪𝑪𝟐𝟐 𝒅𝒅

di
𝒅𝒅𝒐𝒐 + 𝒅𝒅𝒊𝒊
𝒅𝒅 =
d o 𝟐𝟐

𝒅𝒅𝒐𝒐 − 𝒅𝒅𝒊𝒊
𝒕𝒕 =
𝟐𝟐
Objective as explicit function
of design variables
Example 2

P w
A

h
L
A

Objective: Minimum deflection

𝑷𝑷𝑳𝑳𝟑𝟑 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝑳𝑳𝟑𝟑
𝒇𝒇 𝒉𝒉 = 𝜹𝜹 = =
𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝒉𝒉𝟑𝟑
 Objective as implicit function
of design variables
Example 1

P w

L A

Objective: Minimum deflection 𝜹𝜹

Deflection is calculated by solving elasticity problem

 Objective as a functional
Example 1: Heavy cantilever beam
y

w
A

h(x)
x

Objective: Minimum weight

𝑳𝑳
𝒇𝒇 = � 𝒘𝒘𝒘𝒘 𝒙𝒙 d𝒙𝒙
𝟎𝟎
 Objective as a functional
Example 2: Optimal control

Fixed orbit

Objective: Minimum fuel

Photo courtesy ∞
NASA 𝒇𝒇 = 𝑪𝑪 � 𝑭𝑭𝟐𝟐 𝒕𝒕 d𝒕𝒕
𝟎𝟎
 Objective as a functional
Example 3: Design of Four-Bar Mechanism
𝝋𝝋desired
b
𝝋𝝋

c
a
𝜽𝜽 L 𝝋𝝋
𝟎𝟎𝒐𝒐 𝜽𝜽 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝒐𝒐
𝝋𝝋actual
Objective: Minimum error
𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑
𝟐𝟐
𝒇𝒇 = � 𝝋𝝋desired − 𝝋𝝋actual
𝜽𝜽=𝟎𝟎
 Multiple Design Objectives
Example 1: Design of column

b
A A Objective 1: Minimum cost
d Objective 2: Maximum
natural frequency
L
 Multiple Design Objectives
Example 1: Design of column

𝒇𝒇𝟏𝟏 = 𝝆𝝆𝝆𝝆𝝆𝝆𝝆𝝆 = 𝝆𝝆𝝆𝝆𝒙𝒙𝟏𝟏 𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐

b
A A
𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑
d 𝒇𝒇𝟐𝟐 =
𝑴𝑴 + 𝜷𝜷𝜷𝜷 𝑳𝑳𝟑𝟑

L 𝑬𝑬𝒙𝒙𝟏𝟏 𝒙𝒙𝟑𝟑𝟐𝟐
=
𝟒𝟒 𝑴𝑴 + 𝜷𝜷𝝆𝝆𝝆𝝆𝒙𝒙𝟏𝟏 𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 𝑳𝑳𝟑𝟑
 L, EI
W(𝒕𝒕)
M
m

Maximum kinetic energy = Maximum potential energy

𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐 𝑳𝑳 𝟐𝟐
𝟏𝟏 𝑳𝑳 𝟐𝟐
𝝏𝝏 𝒘𝒘 𝟏𝟏 d𝑾𝑾 𝟏𝟏 𝝏𝝏𝝏𝝏
𝑼𝑼 = 𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬 � d𝒙𝒙 𝑻𝑻 = 𝑴𝑴 + 𝝆𝝆 � d𝒙𝒙
𝟐𝟐 𝟎𝟎 𝝏𝝏𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐 d𝒕𝒕 𝟐𝟐 𝟎𝟎 𝝏𝝏𝝏𝝏
𝒙𝒙 𝒙𝒙
𝒘𝒘 𝒙𝒙, 𝒕𝒕 = 𝑾𝑾 𝒕𝒕 𝝓𝝓 = 𝑾𝑾𝟎𝟎 cos 𝝎𝝎𝒕𝒕 𝝓𝝓
𝑳𝑳 𝑳𝑳
𝒙𝒙 𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋
𝝓𝝓 𝒙𝒙 = 𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 𝝓𝝓 𝒙𝒙 = 𝒙𝒙𝟑𝟑 𝝓𝝓 = 𝟏𝟏 − cos
𝑳𝑳 2𝐿𝐿
Thank You