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5.3 Inverse Functions
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(a) Show whether a function has an inverse and find the
inverse of the function
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* Use algebraic or graphical approach.
* Emphasize that the inverse exists only for one-to-one
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and onto functions.
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(b) Compute the inverse of a function.
𝒇 ∙ 𝒈 𝒙 = 𝒈 ∙ 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙 . 𝒊𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒆𝒔 𝒇 𝒊𝒏𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒈
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(c) Identify the domain and range of an inverse function.
𝒇 −𝟏
(d) Sketch the graph of the function and its inverse 𝒇 on
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Bloom: Understanding
KangKooiWei@KMK
Inverse functions
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The inverse of a function 𝒇 exists if and only if 𝒇 is a
one-to-one function.
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*Refer SDL 5.1 to determine one-to-one function using algebraic method or horizontal line test.
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Domain and Range of Inverse Function
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Relationship between graphs of a function and its inverse
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𝒇
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𝒙, 𝒚 𝒚, 𝒙
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𝒇−𝟏
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−𝟏
The graph of 𝒇 is obtained by reflecting the graph of 𝒇 in
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1. The function 𝒇 is defined by 𝒇: 𝒙 → 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏, 𝒙 ∈ 𝑹 .
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(a) Show that 𝒇 is a one-to-one function.
(b) Find 𝒇−𝟏 .
(c) Verify that 𝒇 𝒇−𝟏 (𝒙) = 𝒙 .
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𝟐
𝟏
2. Find the inverse for the function 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙 + 𝒙 − 𝟐, 𝒙 ≥ − 𝟐
and state the domain and the range for the inverse function.
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Sketch the graph of 𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙) and 𝒚 = 𝒇−𝟏 (𝒙) in the same
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diagram.
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Bloom: Understanding
KangKooiWei@KMK
Solution
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1. (a) 𝒇 𝒙𝟏 = 𝒇(𝒙𝟐 ) Let 𝒇 𝒙𝟏 = 𝒇(𝒙𝟐 ) .
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𝟐𝒙𝟏 − 𝟏 = 𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏
𝒙𝟏 = 𝒙𝟐
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Hence 𝒇 is one-to-one function.
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(b) 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏 = 𝒚 Let 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒚 .
𝒚+𝟏
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∴ 𝒙= Rearranging to let x in term of y .
𝟐
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−𝟏
𝒚+𝟏
∴ 𝒇 𝒚 =𝒙=
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𝟐
−𝟏
𝒙+𝟏
Hence, 𝒇 𝒙 =
𝟐
Bloom: Understanding
KangKooiWei@KMK
Solution
EI
1. (c) −𝟏
𝒙+𝟏 Composite function definition.
𝒇 𝒇 (𝒙) = 𝒇
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𝟐
𝒙+𝟏
=𝟐 −𝟏
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𝟐
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=𝒙
𝟐
𝟏
2. 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙 + 𝒙 − 𝟐, 𝒙 ≥ −
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𝟐
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𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝟏
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 + − −𝟐 Completing the square.
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𝟐 𝟐
𝟐
𝟏 𝟗 𝟏 𝟗
= 𝒙+ − Minimum point = − , − .
𝟐 𝟒 𝟐 𝟒
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2. Continue… From minimum point,
𝟏
𝒇 𝒇−𝟏 (𝒙) = 𝒙
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Domain f = − , ∞)
𝟐
𝟐
−𝟏
𝟏 𝟗 𝟗
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𝒇 (𝒙) + − =𝒙 Range f = − , ∞)
𝟐 𝟒 𝟒
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−𝟏
𝟏 𝟗 𝑫𝒇−𝟏 = 𝑹𝒇
𝒇 𝒙 =− ± 𝒙+
𝟐 𝟒
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𝑹𝒇−𝟏 = 𝑫𝒇
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𝟏
Since, 𝑹𝒇−𝟏 = 𝑫𝒇 = − , ∞) 𝟗
𝟐
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∴ 𝑫𝒇−𝟏 = − , ∞)
𝟒
−𝟏
𝟏 𝟗 𝟏
∴𝒇 𝒙 =− + 𝒙+ 𝑹𝒇−𝟏 = − , ∞)
𝟐 𝟒 𝟐
Bloom: Understanding
KangKooiWei@KMK
Solution
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2. Continue…
𝒚
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𝒇−𝟏
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𝒇
-2 𝒙
𝟗 𝟏
0
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− ,−
𝟒 𝟐
-2
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𝟏 𝟗
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− ,−
𝒚=𝒙 𝟐 𝟒
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1. The function 𝒇 is defined by 𝒇: 𝒙 → 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏, 𝒙 ∈ 𝑹 .
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(a) Show that 𝒇 is a one-to-one function.
(b) Find 𝒇−𝟏 .
(c) Verify that 𝒇 𝒇−𝟏 (𝒙) = 𝒙 .
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2. Find the inverse for the function 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑, 𝒙 ≥ −𝟏
and state the domain and the range for the inverse function.
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Sketch the graph of 𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙) and 𝒚 = 𝒇−𝟏 (𝒙) in the same
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diagram.
KA
Bloom: Applying
KangKooiWei@KMK
Answer Self-check
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𝟏
−𝟏
1. (b) 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙+𝟏 𝟑
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2. 𝒇−𝟏 𝒙 = −𝟏 + 𝒙 − 𝟐
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𝑫𝒇−𝟏 = ሾ𝟐, ∞)
𝑹𝒇−𝟏 = ሾ−𝟏, ∞)
KO
G
N
KA
Bloom: Applying
KangKooiWei@KMK
Summary
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The inverse of a function 𝒇 exists if and only if 𝒇 is a
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one-to-one function.
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𝑫𝒇−𝟏 = 𝑹𝒇 The graphs of 𝒇
Inverse Function and 𝒇−𝟏 are
𝒇−𝟏 reflecting on the
𝑹𝒇−𝟏 = 𝑫𝒇 line 𝒚 = 𝒙 .
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KA
EI
• Inverse Functions
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• Domain
•
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Range
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• Composite Functions
• Function
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N
KA
KangKooiWei@KMK