Professional Documents
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Indices
a a a a ... a
n Rules of indices
n factors
1. a m a n a m n
mn
index
2. a a a
m n
mn
3. (a ) a
n m n
a
base
Bloom: Remembering
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Indices
Rational index
a
1 m
m
a a
n n
a
n n
Bloom: Understanding
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Solution
(a) 27 3
2
3
2
3 3 (b) 5 25
5 3
5 5
5
2 3
2
3 3
125 4
5
3 4
3
55 5 6
12
32 5
9 55 612
5 1
1
5
a b a b a b a b Q
2 2
Bloom: Remembering
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Surds
Operations on surds
1. ab a b 4. m n a mn a
a a
2. 5. m a n a (m n) a
b b
3. a a a a
2
6. m a n a (m n) a
Bloom: Remembering
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Surds
Rationalising denominators
b
Division by surds of the form can be simplified by
a
a a
multiplying it with (writing 1 as ).
a a
Also known as process of eliminating the surd in the
denominator of a fraction.
Bloom: Remembering
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Example
(1) Simplify
(a) 20 (b) 13 2 2
(2) Express 75 4 3 in the form of a b .
(3) Simplify 7 2 11 3 3 2 5 3 .
3 1
(4) Express with a rational denominator.
3 1
Bloom: Understanding
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Solution
(1) (a) 20 4 5 (2) 75 4 3
25 3 4 3
4 5
25 3 4 3
2 5
5 34 3
2 5
(5 4) 3
(b) 13 2 2 13 2 2 9 3
26 2
7 2 11 3 3 2 5 3
7 2 3 2 11 3 5 3
10 2 6 3
3 2 3 1
2
2 3
3 1
2 2
3 2 3 1
3 1
Bloom: Remembering
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Logarithms
Laws of logarithms
1 1
3 .
3 27 3
4 4
(2) Simplify
(a) 49 (b) 5 3 8 3
100
(3) Express 25 7 6 63 in the form of a b .
Bloom: Applying
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Self-check
(4) Simplify 18 10 6 7 9 10 13 7 .
(5) Express 8 5 2 with a rational
52 2
denominator.
Bloom: Applying
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Self-check
(6) Express log y in term of log x , log y and
xz
log z .
(7) Evaluate log 6 48 2 log 6 2 log 6 3 .
1
(8) If log 2 p 3 log 2 q , show that pq 2
64 .
2
(3) 7 7
(4) 9 10 19 7
Bloom: Applying
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Answer Self-check
(5) 17 10 44
3
(7) 2
1
(9)
4
Bloom: Applying
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Summary
Law of Law of
Logarithms Indices
Indices, Surd
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑥 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑦 and 𝑥 𝑚 ∙ 𝑥 𝑛 = 𝑥 𝑚+𝑛
𝑥 𝑥 𝑚 ÷ 𝑥 𝑛 = 𝑥 𝑚−𝑛
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑥 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑦 Logarithms
𝑦 𝑥 𝑚 𝑛 = 𝑥 𝑚𝑛
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑥 𝑏 = 𝑏𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑥 𝑥0 = 1
𝑛
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑎 = 1 𝑥 𝑥𝑛
𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑥 = 𝑥 = 𝑛
Surd 𝑦 𝑦
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑥 1
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑥 = 𝑥 −𝑛 = 𝑛
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑎 𝑥
𝑝 ∙ 𝑞 = 𝑝𝑞 1
𝑥𝑛 = 𝑛 𝑥
𝑝 𝑝 𝑚
= 𝑥𝑛 = 𝑛
𝑥 𝑚
𝑞 𝑞
𝑝 𝑟±𝑞 𝑟 = 𝑝±𝑞 𝑟
kwkang@KMK Bloom: Remembering
Key Terms
• Indeces
• Zero index
• Negative index
• Rational index
• Surd
• Rationalising denominators
• Conjugate surds
• Logarithms
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