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AREA: MATH SUBJECT: MATH GRADE SEVENTH

YEAR: 2017 PERIOD III CURRICULAR WEEK: 7-8 N° HOURS: 10
AREA COMPONENT GEOMETRIC
TOPIC: POLYHEDRANS ( SURFACE AREA AND VOLUME)
Develop independent reasoning to communicate mathematical ideas and derive algorithms and/or
STANDARD: formulas.
LEARNING OBJECTIVE: To know the formulas to find the surface area and volume of polyhedron.
LEARNING GOALS (Bloom’s Taxonomy)
AREA COMPETENCIES INDICATORS BY LEVEL
Communcation To describe how to find the surface are and volume of different polyhedron.
Interpretar, Comparar, To choose the best way to find the surface area and volume of polyhedron.
Seleccionar Describir
To recognize the correct formula to find the surface area and volume of polyhedron.
Reasoning To find the surface area and volume of polyhedron to solve real word problems.
Verificar, formular, utilizar To differentiate the concept of surface area and volume of polyhedrons.
Proponer, justificar, Clasificar,
deducir
Resolution To solve problems by finding the surface area and volume of polyhedron.
Resolver, proponer, To explain what is the best way to solve problem involving surface area and volume of
Utilizar, comprobar
Determinar, explicar polyhedron.
To propose different ways to find the surface area and volume of polyhedron.
LEARNING-SPECIFIC VOCABULARY
 Surface area  Prims
 Volume  Pyramid
 Face  Polyhedrons
 Edge  Sphere
 Height  Cylinder
 Net  Slant height
LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION CONTENT
Calificative adjetives
Superlatives
LANGUAGE OF Verbs
LEARNING Direct and indirect complements.
Nouns
Prepositions
Conjuctions
Do not confuse the height of the triangular base with the height of the prism.
LANGUAGE FOR Volume also refers to the amount a container, such as a sandbox, holds.
LEARNING Recall that the radius is half the diameter.
When you find the surface area of a three-dimensional figure, the units are square units, not cubic
units.
INTEGRATION
CULTURAL Solids are everywhere in our real life. They are used in engineering, architecture, arts, and much
more.
MULTICULTURAL Some wonderful monuments and buildings around the word are constructed using any type of
polyhedron.
EVALUATION CRITERIA (HOW)
 Quiz about identifying and naming polyhedron.
COGNITIVE  Quiz about finding surface area and volume of polyhedron.
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 Activity in class about finding surface area and volume of polyhedron.

PROCEDURAL  Homework about surface are and volume of polyhedron.
 Good relationship with their partners.
ATTITUDINAL  Having a good behavior during the class.
 Appreciate the importance of converting decimals, fractions and percents.

EXPLORATION How are volume and surface area related?

CONTEXTUALIZATION

According to the picture above answer:

a. Can you identify any polyhedra in the picture?

b. How can you determine the volume of the structure in the picture?

THEORETICAL BASIS

POLYHEDRA

A polyhedron is a solid with flat faces (from Greek poly- meaning "many" and -edron meaning "face").

Each face is a polygon (a flat shape with straight sides).

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EXAMPLES OF POLYHEDRA:

Cube
Its faces are all squares

Triangular Prism
Its faces are triangles
and rectangles

Dodecahedron
What faces does it have?

So no curved surfaces: cones, spheres and cylinders are not polyhedrons.

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COMMON POLYHEDRON

COUNTING FACES, VERTICES AND EDGES

When we count the number of faces (the flat surfaces), vertices (corner points), and edges of a polyhedron we discover
an interesting thing:

The number of faces

plus the number of vertices
minus the number of edges equals 2

This can be written neatly as a little equation:

F+V−E=2

It is known as Euler's Formula (or the "Polyhedral Formula") and is very useful to make sure we have counted
correctly!

VOLUME

The volume of a three-dimensional figure is the measure of space it occupies. It is measured in cubic units such as cubic
centimeters (cm3) or cubic inches (in3).
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It takes 2 layers of 36 cubes to fill the box. So, the volume of the box is 72 cubic centimeters.

The figure above is a rectangular prism. A rectangular prism is a prism that has rectangular bases.

VOLUME OF A PRISM

The Volume of a prism is the area of one end times the length of the prism.

Volume = Base Area × Length

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VOLUME OF A PYRAMID

A pyramid is a three-dimensional figure with one base and triangular lateral faces, or any flat surfaces that are not
bases. The lateral edges meet at one vertex. The height of a pyramid is the distance from the vertex perpendicular to
the base.

SURFACE AREA

The sum of the areas of all the surfaces, or faces, of a three-dimensional figure is the surface area.

SURFACE AREA OF A PRISM

SURFACE AREA OF PYRAMID

A right square pyramid has a square base and four isosceles triangles that make up the lateral faces. The height of
each lateral face is called the slant height. The lateral surface area of a solid is the sum of the areas of all its lateral
faces.
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To find the lateral area L of a regular pyramid, refer to the net. The lateral area is the sum of the areas of the triangles.

The total surface area of a regular pyramid is the lateral surface area L plus the area of the base B.

MODELLING

Example 1 A company makes lunch boxes in two different sizes. Which lunch box holds more food?
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Find the volume of each lunch box. Then compare.

SOLUTION:

Example 2. Find the volume of the triangular prism shown.

SOLUTION:
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Example 3 A triangular pyramid has a volume of 44 cubic meters. It has an 8-meter base and a 3-meter height.
Find the height of the pyramid.

SOLUTION:

Example 4 Marty is mailing his aunt a package and is using a container that is a triangular prism. The height is
14 inches. The triangular base has a height of 3 inches and a base of 4 inches. How much cardboard is used to create
the shipping container?
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SOLUTION:
To find the surface area of the container, find the area of each face and add.

Example 5 The diagram shows a prism whose cross-section is an equilateral triangle of lengths 10 cm. The
length of the prism is 20 cm. Given that its volume is 866 cm3, what is the total surface area of the prism?

SOLUTION:

Step1 Calculate the area of the cross-section

Use the formula Volume = Area × Length

⇒ 866 cm3 = Area × 20 cm

⇒ Area = (866 ÷ 20) cm2 = 43.3 cm2

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Step2 Calculate the total surface area.

It is the two equilateral triangles at each end, and the three rectangles on the sides

Area of each rectangle = 20 cm × 10 cm = 200 cm2

So total surface area = 2 × 43.3 cm2 + 3 × 200 cm2

= 86.6 cm2 + 600 cm2
= 686.6 cm

Example 6 What is the volume of this prism?

SOLUTION:
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The cross section of the prism consists of 5 squares, each of area 4 units2

So the area of the cross-section = 5 × 4 units2 = 20 units2

And so the volume = Area of cross-section × length = 20 units2 × 9 units= 180 units3

Example 7 What is the value of F + V − E for a pentagonal prism?

SOLUTION:

A pentagonal prism has 7 Faces ⇒ F = 7

A pentagonal prism has 10 Vertices ⇒ V = 10
A pentagonal prism has 15 Edges ⇒ E = 15

So F + V − E = 7 + 10 − 15 = 2

Example 8 What is the name of this solid?

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SOLUTION:

It is a pyramid with a pentagonal base. So it is a pentagonal pyramid.

Example 9 A solid has 12 faces and 20 edges. Given that Euler's Formula applies, how many vertices does it
have?

SOLUTION:

Since Euler's formula applies

⇒F+V-E=2

(F=Faces, V=Vertices, E=Edges)

Substitute F = 12 and E = 20
⇒ 12 + V − 20 = 2
⇒V−8=2
⇒ V = 2 + 8 = 10

Here is one possible solid:

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Example 10
The diagram shows a barn. What is the volume of the barn? (The length of the hypotenuse in
the right triangle is rounded to the nearest foot.)

SOLUTION:

The cross-section consists of:

• A rectangle of area 10 ft × 9 ft = 90 ft2

• A triangle of area ½ × 7 ft × 7 ft = 24.5 ft2

Therefore, the total cross-sectional area = 114.5 ft2

Volume = Area × Length = 114.5 ft2 × 15 ft = 1,717.5 ft3

Example 10

The diagram shows a prism whose cross-section is a square. The length of the base of the prism is 19 cm and its
volume is 1,539 cm3.

What is the total surface area of the prism?

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SOLUTION:

Step1 Calculate the area of the cross-section

Use the formula Volume = Area × Length

⇒ 1,539 cm3 = Area × 19 cm

⇒ Area = (1,539 ÷ 19) cm = 81 cm
2 2

and the length of the side of the square = √81 cm = 9 cm

Step2 Calculate the total surface area.

The surface area consists of the two squares at each end, and four rectangles on the sides, top and bottom.

Area of each rectangle = 19 cm × 9 cm = 171 cm2

So the total surface area = (2 × 81 cm2) + (4 × 171 cm2)

= 162 cm2 + 684 cm2
= 846 cm2

Example 11

The diagram shows a pyramid whose base is a regular pentagon of area 42 cm2 and whose height is 7 cm.

What is the volume of the pyramid?

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SOLUTION:

Volume of a Pyramid = 1/3 × [Base Area] × Height

⇒ 1/3 × 42 cm2 × 7 cm = 98 cm3

Example 12

The diagram shows a pyramid with vertex V and a rectangular base ABCD. M is the midpoint of AB, N is the midpoint
of BC and O is the point at the center of the base.

AB = 10 ft
BC = 18 ft
VO = 12 ft
VM = 15 ft
VN = 13 ft

What is the total surface area of the pyramid?

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SOLUTION:

The surface area consists of one rectangle (ABCD) and four triangles (VAB, VBC, VCD and VDA)

Area of the base ABCD = 18 ft × 10 ft = 180 ft2

Area of triangle VAB = ½ × 10 ft × 15 ft = 75 ft2
Area of triangle VBC = ½ × 18 ft × 13 ft = 117 ft2
Area of triangle VCD = ½ × 10 ft × 15 ft = 75 ft2
Area of triangle VDA = ½ × 18 ft × 13 ft = 117 ft2

Therefore total surface area

= 180 ft2 + 75 ft2 + 117 ft2 + 75 ft2 + 117 ft2

= 564 ft2

PRODUCTION
CLASS ACTIVITY

1. Find the volume of each prism. Round to the nearest tenth if necessary.

2. Which container holds more detergent? Justify your answer.

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3. Use the diagram at the right that shows the approximate dimensions of the Flatiron Building in New York City.

a. What is the approximate volume of the Flatiron Building?

b. The building is 22 stories tall. Estimate the volume of each story.

4. A toy company makes rectangular sandboxes that measure 6 feet by 5 feet by 1.2 feet. A customer buys a
sandbox and 40 cubic feet of sand. Did the customer buy too much or too little sand? Justify your answer.

5. The diagram shows the dimensions of an office. It costs about $0.11 per year to air condition one cubic foot of
space. On average, how much does it cost to air condition the office for one month?

6. A glass pyramid has a height of 4 inches. Its rectangular base has a length of 3 inches and a width of 2.5
inches. Find the volume of glass used to create the pyramid.

7. An ancient stone pyramid has a height of 13.6 meters. The edges of the square base are 16.5 meters. Find the
volume of the stone pyramid.
INTEGRATION ACTIVITY -TRANSVERSALITY (complementary reading, research, projects)
Using the concept of surface area and volume to construct a Box for some stuffs at your home.
CULTURAL
MULTICULTURAL Choose a wonderful building around the word and make a word problem. Then solve and
explain it.
RESOURCES
- Board
- Computes
- Notebook
- Internet
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- Teachers
BIBLIOGRAPHY

 Algebra 1, Glencoe Mathematics, McGraw Hill , Unit 1, Chapter 10. United States of America, 2002.

 http://www.mathopolis.com/questions/q.php?id=867&site=1&ref=/geometry/sphere.html&qs=865_866_867_868_18
31_1832_3383_3384_3385_3386 , Checked on 01 July 2017.

 https://www.mathsisfun.com/geometry/polyhedron.html , Checked on 10 July 2017.

Web pages in which you can play and learn with math:

 http://www.mat.ucm.es/deptos/am/guzman/juemat/juemat.htm
 http://www.mathsisfun.com/rational-numbers.html
 http://www.euler.us.es
 http://acertijos.net/21.htm
 www.matecreativa.com
 http://nti.educa.rcanaria.es/usr/matematicas/