BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Machine Design 1
Handouts prepared by Engr. Bernardo

16. Two 70 mm Sellers’ standard square and single threaded screws with a pitch of
12mm are used to raise and lower hydraulic gate weighing 550 kN. A 570 rpm electric
motor operates the screws. The coefficient of collar and thread friction are 0.03
and 0.13, respectively. The mean diameter of the collar is 100mm. If the gate rises
at the rate of 650 mm/min, determine the rpm of the screws.

Solution:
550
W = axial load per screw = =275 kN
2

H = height of the threads = 7/16 of pitch = (7/16)(10) = 4.375 mm

d = mean diameter of screw threads = OD – h = 70 – 4.375 mm = 65.625 mm

L = lead of thread = p = 10 mm

f = coefficient of the friction = 0.13 = tanα; α = 7.4 ®

fc = coefficient of collar friction = 0.03

Dc = mean diameter of the collar = 100 mm

S = speed of rise = 650 mm/min

S 650
Rotative speed of screws = = =65 rpm
L 10

17. From Problem 16, determine the size of motor required to lift the gate if the
mechanical efficiency is 85 percent for the speed reducing equipment.

Solution:
L 10
Tan α = = =0.0485
πD π(65.625)

α = 2.77

Tf = torque required to raise the load and overcome thread friction

D 65.625
=w ( ) tan(∝+∅)= (275,000) ( ) tan(2.77+7.4)=1618.69 N-mm
2 2

Tc = torque required to overcome collar friction

Dc 100
= W= ( ) fc= (275,000) ( ) (0.03)=412.5 ×103 N-mm
2 2

For 2 screws, the total torque required to raise the load and overcome friction is

Tt = (2screws)(Tf+Tc)=2(1618.69+412.5)(103 )=4062.38 ×103 N-mm=4062.38 N-m

158
18. A load of 60 KN is to be raised by a short jack. The screw has an outside
diameter of 64 mm and an Acme single thread having a pitch 0f 12 mm. Collar friction
is negligible and the height of the threads may be assumed to be one-half the pitch.
If the coefficient of the friction is 0.2, determine the torque required to raise
the load.

Solution:

Pitch, p = 12mm

h = height of threads = 0.50p = 6 mm

D = mean diameter = OD – h = 64 – 6 = 58 mm

β = 14.5 for Acme threads

= 7 for Buttress thread

f = coefficient of thread friction = tan α = 0.20

Cos β = cos 14.5 = 0.9681

Tf = torque required to raise the load and to overcome thread friction

D tan ∝ +f/ cos β
= W( )( )
2 1-ftan ∝/cosβ

L 12
Tan α = ( ) = ( ) =0.066
πD π×58

58 0.066+ 0.20/0.9681
Tf = 60 x ( ) ( ) =480.86 kN-mm=480.86 N-m
2 1-0.20x0.066/09681

19. From Problem 18, determine the efficiency of the screw.

D 60x58
To = torque without friction = W( ) tan∝= ( ) (0.066)=114.84 N-m
2 2

to 114.84
Efficiency = ( ) = ( ) =0.2388=23.8%
tf 480.86

20. From Problem 18, determine the maximum resultant stress in the screw and torque
transmitted over that section that carries the load.

Solution:

dr = root diameter = OD - 2h = 64 – 12 = 52mm

16T
Ss = shearing stress = ( ) =17.41 Mpa
πd2

Ar = root area = 0.7854(522 ) = 2124mm2

w 60 000
Sc = compressive stress = ( ) = ( ) =28.25Mpa
Ar 2124

Sc 2 28.25 2
Ss(max) = √Ss2 + = √17.412 + =22.41 Mpa
4 4

St(max)= 2Ss(max) = 2 x 22.41 = 44.84 Mpa

159
21. A single square thread power screw is to raise a load of 70 KN. The screw has
a major diameter of 36 mm and a pitch of 6 mm. The coefficient of thread friction
and collar friction are 0.13 and 0.10 respectively. If the collar mean diameter is
90 mm and the screw turns it 60 rpm, find the combined efficiency of screw and
collar.

Solution:

For square thread.

Depth of thread = ½ p = ½ (6) = 3mm

Do = 36 – 3 = 33 mm

Lead = 6 mm
Lead 6
Tan ∝ = = =0.057874
πDm π(33)

tanx(1-ftanx)
e = fcDc
tanx+f+ (1-ftanx)
Dm

0.057874(1-0.13(0.057874))
= 0.10(90) = 0.12526 = 12.526%
0.057874+0.13+ (1-0.13(0.057874))
33

22. From Problem 21, Find the power input to the screw.

Solution:

V = velocity = 6(60) = 360 mm/min = 6 mm/sec

Power input = 70(0.006)/0.12526 = 3.3353 kW

23. A double square-threaded screw is used to raise a load of load of 100 kN at a

velocity of 1.0 m/min. Outside diameter of thread and pitch are 70 mm and 25 mm,
respectively. Collar friction coefficient is 0.12, thread friction coefficient is
0.10. Mean diameter of collar is 125 mm. Determine the power required to drive the
screw.

Solution:

n= 2(for double threaded screws)

L = Lead = n x pitch = 2 x 25 = 50 mm

h = height of threads = (7/16)(pitch) = (7/16)(25) = 10.9375 mm

L 50
Tan α= = =0.2695
πD π(59.0625)

α = 15.08®

tan ∅=f=0.10

∅=5.71®
S 1000
RPM of screw = = =20
L 50

Tf = torque required to raise the load and to overcome thread friction

D 59.0625
= W( ) tan(α+∅) =(100) ( ) tan20.79°=1121.19 kN-mm=1121.19 N-m
2 2

160
Tc = torque required to overcome collar friction
WDcfc 100(125)(0.12)
= = =750 kN-mm=750 N-m
2 2

Tt = torque required to raise the load and to overcome thread and collar frictions

Tt = Tf + Tc = 1121.19 +750 = 1871.19 N-m

P = 2πTN = 2π(1871.19)(20/60) = 3919 W = 3.93 kW

24. From Problem 23, determine the efficiency of the screw.

Solution

To = torque required to raise the load without friction

D 59.0625
= W ( ) tan∝ =(100) ( ) tan15.08°=795.7 kN-mm=795.7 N-m
2 2

To 795.7
E = = =42.68%
Tt 1871.19

25. To raise a load W a single square-thread screw of 55 mm outside diameter is

used. The nut makes 0.08 turn per mm at the end of an axial travel. A force of 500
N is applied at the nut in a 1.0 m lever arm. The depth h of the thread may be
taken as 7/16 of the pitch. Assuming the mean radius of the collar to be 40 mm, the
coefficients of friction as 0.14 determine the weight W.

Solution:
1
L = =12.5 mm
0.08

p = pitch equal to L for single-threaded screw = 12.5 mm

h = (7/16)(12.5) = 5.46875 mm

D = OD – h = 55 – 5.46875 = 49.531 mm
L 12.5
tan ∝ = = =0.0803
πD π(49.531)

α = 4.59®

tan ∅=f=0.14

∅=7.96°

Tan(∝+∅)=tan12.55°=0.222

Tt = total torque applied = (500N)(1.0m) = 500 N-m

D Dc
Tt = Tf + Tc = W ( ) tan(∝+∅)+W ( ) fc
2 2

49.531
500=W ( ) (0.222)+W(40)(0.14)
2

500 = 11.0979 W

W = 45.05 kN = 45 053 N

26. From the Previous Problem, Determine the efficiency of the screw without collar
friction.

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Solution:

E = efficiency without collar friction

tan∝ 0.0803
= = =0.3617 or 36.17 %
tan∝+∅ 0.222

27. From Problem 15, determine the efficiency of the screw with collar friction.

Solution
To = torque required to raise the load without friction
D 49.531
= W ( ) tan∝ =(45.05) ( ) (0.0803)=89.59 kN-mm= 89.59 N-m
2 2

E = efficiency with collar friction

To 89.59
= = =0.1791 or 17.91 %
Tf 500

28. From Problem 15, Find the maximum direct stress in the screw.

Solution

Dr = root diameter = OD – 2h = 55 – 2(5.46875) = 44.0625 mm

16T 16(500 x 103 )
Ss = shearing stress = ( )= =29.76 MPa
πd2 π(44.06252 )

w 45 050
Sc = compressive stress = ( ) = ( 44.0625 2
) =29.5Mpa
Ar π( )
2

Sc 29.5 2 2
Ss(max) = √Ss2 + = √29.762 + =33.2 Mpa
4 4

St(max)= 2Ss(max) = 2 x 33.2 = 66.4 Mpa

29. A square thread power screw has a major diameter a=of 32-mm and a pitch of 4-
mm with double threads, and it is to be used in an application similar to that of
the figure below. Applicable data are thread and collar coefficient of friction
equal to 0.08, collar diameter of 40-mm, and a load of 6.4-kN per screw. Determine:

a. Thread depth, thread width, mean or pitch diameter, minor diameter, and lead.
b. Torque required to rotate the screw “against” the load.
c. Torque required to rotate the screw “with” the load.
d. Overall efficiency.

162
Square And Acme Threads with Preferred Pitches for Acme Threads

Screw Thread with Thrust Collar

(a) From the square thread figure above, it can be seen the thread depth and
width are the same and equal to half the pitch, or 2-mm. Also

P 4
dm = d - = 32 - = 30mm
2 2

dr = d – P = 32 – 4 = 28mm
l = nP = 2 x 4 = 8mm
163
(b) For a square thread, the torque required to raise the load is:
Fdm l+ μπdm Fμc dc
Tr = ( ) +
2 πdm -μl 2

6,400 x 0.030 0.008+ π(0.08)(0.030) 6,400 x 0.08 x 0.040

Tr = ( ) +
2 π(0.030)-0.08(0.008) 2

Tr = 15.94 + 10.24 = 26.2Nm

(c) The torque required to lower the load, rotate the screw with the aid of the
load is:

Fdm μπdm -l Fμc dc

TL = ( πd ) +
2 m +μl 2

6,400 x 0.030 π(0.08)(0.030)-0.008 6,400 x 0.08 x 0.040

TL = (π(0.030)+0.08(0.008)) +
2 2

TL = -0.47 + 10.24 = 9.8Nm

The negative sign in the first term indicates the screw alone is not self-locking
and would rotate under the action of the load except for the fact collar friction
is present; and, must be overcome, too. That is, torque required to rotate the
screw “with” the load is less than necessary to overcome collar friction alone.

(d) Overall efficiency is:

Fl 6,400 x 0.008
ɳ = = = 0.31
2πT 2π(26.2)

30. A single square-thread power screw has an input power of 3 kW at a speed of 1

rev/s. The screw has a major diameter of 36 mm and a pitch of 6 mm. The frictional
coefficients are 0.14 for the threads and 0.09 for the collar, with a collar
friction radius of 45 mm.

a. Find the axial resisting load F and the combined efficiency of the screw and
collar.
b. Indicate whether the screw is self-locking or not.
c. Find the most critical section and determine safety factor assuming that the
load is static. Nut and power screw are made of AISI 1040 HR steel.

For A
Root Diameter;

dr = d-p = 36-6

dr = 30mm

164
Mean Diameter;
p 6
dm = d - = 36-
2 2

dm = 33mm
Lead;
l = p = 6mm
Input Torque;
P 3kW
T = = rev rad
n 1 *2π
s rev

T = 477N-m
Fdm l+ πμdm
T = (πd ) + μc rc F
2 m- μl

33x10-3 m [(6x10-3 )]m+[π(0.14)(33x10-3 )]m

477N-m= F +0.09(45x10−3 )mF
2 [π(33x10-3 )]m-[0.14(6x10-3 )]m

F = 65kN
Overall efficiency;
Work Output Fl
e = =
Work Input T2π

65kN(6x10-3 )m
e =
477N-m(2)π

e = 0.13 or 13%

For B
Self-locking is obtained for square threads when µ > tgλ
Where:
l
λ = tg-1
πdm

6
In this problem 0.14 > so screw is self-locking alone.
π(33)

For C
Compressive stress between collar and nut;

F 4F 4(65x103 N)
σc = = 2 = 2
Ar πdr [π(30x10-3 )m]

σc = 92MPa
Shear stress due to collar torque between collar and nut;

Tc C 16(μc rc F) 16(263x103 N-mm)

τ = = =
J πdr 3 π(303 )

τ = 49.6MPa
Combined stress between collar and nut;

165
 σ 2 92 2
τmax = √( 2c) + τ2 = √( 2 ) + 49.62

τmax = 67.6MPa
Shear stress between the motor and the nut;

16T 16(477x103 N-mm)

τ = =
πdr 3 π(30)3

τ = 90MPa

Average thread shear stress;

F F 65x103 N
τ = = p H = 60
As πdr π(30)( )
2 p 2

τ = 23MPa
Average bearing stress in the screw threads;

F F 65x103 N
σb = = H = 60
Ab π(d2 -dr 2 ) π(362 -302 )
p 6

σb = 5.2MPa
The safety factor;
Sy
Ssy ⁄2
n = = τ
τ

Where: Sy = 290MPa from Table A-20

290MPa
( )
2
n = = 1.6
90MPa

166