The Present Perfect Simple

S+HAVE/ HAS+Vb 3rd form

 An action which happened at an unstated time in the past
They’ve gone to the protest against 5G technology.
 Recent present perfect: an action which happened recently + just,
yet, recently, lately, already
I`ve just talked to him. He’s devastated over the divorce.
He hasn`t received any news about his job application.
Have you seen any good films lately?
 Resultative present perfect: a past action with a present result
He`s worried because he has watched the evening news.
 Present perfect of experience: we refer to people`s life experience so
far + so for=up to now=until now
 Always, sometimes, often, never, ever
I`ve participated in twenty online courses so far.
I`ve always loved travelling, but you can’t travel very much these days because
of restrictions.
He`s never been to Japan before.
 Continuative present perfect: an action or a situation which started
in the past and extends up to the present.
 For + the length of the period of time, since + the beginning of the
period of time
The pandemic has been going on - for a few months now.
-since March 2020.
 We use present perfect with today, these days, this week, this
month, if the period of time is not over yet
I have written a lot of homework today.
He has written lots of messages this week.
 We use present perfect with numbers to show repetition
I have read twenty pages of this book.

The Present Perfect Continuous

S+HAVE/ HAS BEEN+Vb-ing

 It expresses an action which started in the past and continues into
the present
!!! We emphasise duration
Ex: You`ve been learning English-for 10 years.
-since second grade.
Where have you you been? I`ve been waiting for you for an hour. ( we can
show irritation or effort).