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Instructions:
Write down your name, your ID number and your team's name on the first page.
For Section A (questions 1-5), circle the correct answer A, B, C, D or E. For Section
B (questions 6-10), fill your answer in the space provided at the end of each
question. For Section C (questions 11-15), write your detailed solution in the space
provided at the end of each question.
Name:.........................................................
Team: ........................................................
ID number: ...............................................
For jury only
16th HANOI OPEN MATHEMATICS COMPETITION For jury only
Hanoi, Vietnam 2019
Score
Question 1. Let x and y be positive real numbers. Which of the following expressions is larger
than both x and y ?
A. xy 1 B. (x y )2 C. x 2 y D. x (x y ) E. (x y 1)2
2019
Question 2. What is the last digit of 43 ?
A. 0 B. 2 C. 4 D. 6 E. 8
A. 1 B. 50 C. 51 D. 99 E. 100
Question 4. How many connected subsequences (i.e, consisting of one element or consecutive
elements) of the following sequence are there?
1, 2, 3, ..., 99, 100.
Page 1 of 9
16th HANOI OPEN MATHEMATICS COMPETITION For jury only
Hanoi, Vietnam 2019
Question 5. Let ABC be an acute triangle and AH be the altitude of the triangle. Assume that
AH 6 cm, BH 3 cm and CAH 2BAH . Which of the following is the area of the
A. 27 B. 30 C. 33 D. 36 E. 39
Page 2 of 9
16th HANOI OPEN MATHEMATICS COMPETITION For jury only
Hanoi, Vietnam 2019
Score
SECTION B. Fill your answer in the space provided at the end of the question.
Question 6. Consider the following equation
x 1 42
(x 1)2 .
x x2
Determine the sum of the square of all the roots.
Answer: .............................................................................
Question 7. Let p and q be odd prime numbers. Assume that there exists a positive integer n
such that pq 1 n 3 . Express p q in terms of n.
Answer: .............................................................................
Answer: .............................................................................
Page 3 of 9
16th HANOI OPEN MATHEMATICS COMPETITION For jury only
Hanoi, Vietnam 2019
SECTION B. Fill your answer in the space provided at the end of the question.
Question 9. Let a and b be positive real numbers with a b. Find the smallest possible value
of
32
S 2a 3 .
(a b)(2b 3)2
Answer: .............................................................................
Question 10. For any positive integer n, let rn denote the greatest odd divisor of n. Compute
Answer: .............................................................................
Page 4 of 9
16th HANOI OPEN MATHEMATICS COMPETITION For jury only
Hanoi, Vietnam 2019
Score
SECTION C. Write your detailed solution in the space provided at the end of the question.
Question 11. Find all integers x and y satisfying the following equation
x 2 2xy 5y 2 2x 6y 3 0.
Solution.
Page 5 of 9
16th HANOI OPEN MATHEMATICS COMPETITION For jury only
Hanoi, Vietnam 2019
SECTION C. Write your detailed solution in the space provided at the end of the question.
Question 12. Given an expression x 2 ax b, where a, b are integer coefficients. At any step
one can change the expression by adding either 1 or 1 to only one of the two coefficients
a , b.
a) Suppose that the initial expression has a 7 and b 19. Show your
modification steps to obtain a new expression that has zero value at some integer
value of x.
b) Starting from the initial expression as above, one gets the expression x 2 17x 9
after m modification steps. Prove that at a certain step k with k m , the obtained
expression has zero value at some integer value of x.
Solution.
Page 6 of 9
16th HANOI OPEN MATHEMATICS COMPETITION For jury only
Hanoi, Vietnam 2019
SECTION C. Write your detailed solution in the space provided at the end of the question.
Question 13. Find all points inside a given equilateral triangle such that the distances from it to
three sides of the given triangle are the side lengths of a triangle?
Solution.
Page 7 of 9
16th HANOI OPEN MATHEMATICS COMPETITION For jury only
Hanoi, Vietnam 2019
SECTION C. Write your detailed solution in the space provided at the end of the question.
3
a) If c , prove that 3(ab bc ca ) 2abc 7.
2
Solution.
Page 8 of 9
16th HANOI OPEN MATHEMATICS COMPETITION For jury only
Hanoi, Vietnam 2019
SECTION C. Write your detailed solution in the space provided at the end of the question.
Question 15. Let M be a set of 28 positive real numbers. Prove that there are two elements a
and b in M such that
0 27 a b 1 a 1 b .
Solution.
Page 9 of 9