16th HANOI OPEN MATHEMATICS COMPETITION

Hanoi, Vietnam 2019

INDIVIDUAL CONTEST – JUNIOR SECTION

Time limit: 120 minutes

Instructions:
 Write down your name, your ID number and your team's name on the first page.

 Answer all 15 questions. In Section A, each question is worth 5 points. In Section B,

each question is worth 10 points. In Section C, each question is worth 15 points. The
total is 150 points. There is no penalty for a wrong answer.

 For Section A (questions 1-5), circle the correct answer A, B, C, D or E. For Section
B (questions 6-10), fill your answer in the space provided at the end of each
question. For Section C (questions 11-15), write your detailed solution in the space
provided at the end of each question.

 Diagrams shown may not be drawn to scale.

 No calculators, protractors or electronic devices are allowed to use.

 Answers must be in pencil, blue or black ball-point pen.

 All papers must be handed in at the end of the test.

Name:.........................................................

Team: ........................................................

ID number: ...............................................
For Jury Only
 16th HANOI OPEN MATHEMATICS COMPETITION For Jury Only
Hanoi, Vietnam 2019

Individual Contest – Junior Section

GROUP A

For Jury Only

Section A Section B Section C
Question Total Signature
1 2 3 4 5 Subtotal Subtotal

Score

SECTION A. Circle the correct answer A, B, C, D or E.

Question 1. Let x and y be positive real numbers. Which of the following expressions is larger
than both x and y ?

A. xy  1 B. (x  y )2 C. x 2  y D. x (x  y ) E. (x  y  1)2

2019
Question 2. What is the last digit of 43 ?

A. 0 B. 2 C. 4 D. 6 E. 8

Question 3. Let a and b be real numbers and P (x )  ax  b such that P (2)  P (1)  3.
Compute the value of P (5)  P(0).

A. 11 B. 13 C. 15 D. 17 E. 19

Question 4. How many connected subsequences (i.e, consisting of one element or consecutive
elements) of the following sequence are there?

1, 2, 3, ..., 99, 100.

A. 1010 B. 2020 C. 3030 D. 4040 E. 5050

Page 1 of 9
 16th HANOI OPEN MATHEMATICS COMPETITION For Jury Only
Hanoi, Vietnam 2019

Individual Contest – Junior Section

GROUP A

SECTION A. Circle the correct answer A, B, C, D or E.

Question 5. Let ABC be a triangle and AD be the bisector of the triangle. Assume that
AB  14 cm, AC  35 cm, AD  12 cm. Which of the following is the area of the

triangle ABC , in cm2 ?

1176 1167 1176

A. B. C. 234 D. E. 236
5 5 7

Page 2 of 9
 16th HANOI OPEN MATHEMATICS COMPETITION For Jury Only
Hanoi, Vietnam 2019

Individual Contest – Junior Section

GROUP A

For Jury Only

Section B
Question Total
6 7 8 9 10

Score

SECTION B. Fill your answer in the space provided at the end of the question.

Question 6. What is the largest positive integer n such that 10  11  12  ...  50 is divisible

by 10n ?

Answer: .............................................................................

Question 7. Let p and q be odd prime numbers. Assume that there exists a positive integer n

such that pq  1  n 3 . Express p + q in terms of n.

Answer: .............................................................................

Question 8. Let ABC be a triangle, and M be the midpoint of BC . Let N be the point on the
segment AM with AN  3NM , and P be the intersection point of the lines BN and AC .

What is the area in cm2 of the triangle ANP if the area of the triangle ABC is 40 cm2 ?

Answer: .............................................................................

Page 3 of 9
 16th HANOI OPEN MATHEMATICS COMPETITION For Jury Only
Hanoi, Vietnam 2019

Individual Contest – Junior Section

GROUP A

SECTION B. Fill your answer in the space provided at the end of the question.
Question 9. Let a and b be positive real numbers with a  b. Find the smallest possible value
of
32
S  2a  3  .
(a  b)(2b  3)2

Answer: .............................................................................

Question 10. For any positive integer n, let rn denote the greatest odd divisor of n. Compute
T  r100  r101  r102  ...  r200 .

Answer: .............................................................................

Page 4 of 9
 16th HANOI OPEN MATHEMATICS COMPETITION For Jury Only
Hanoi, Vietnam 2019

Individual Contest – Junior Section

GROUP A

For Jury Only

Section C
Question Total
11 12 13 14 15

Score

SECTION C. Write your detailed solution in the space provided at the end of the question.

Question 11. Find all integers x and y satisfying the following equation

x 2  2xy  5y 2  2x  6y  3  0.

Solution.

Page 5 of 9
 16th HANOI OPEN MATHEMATICS COMPETITION For Jury Only
Hanoi, Vietnam 2019

Individual Contest – Junior Section

GROUP A

SECTION C. Write your detailed solution in the space provided at the end of the question.

Question 12. Given an expression x 2  ax  b, where a, b are integer coefficients. At any step
one can change the expression by adding either 1 or 1 to only one of the two coefficients
a , b.

a) Suppose that the initial expression has a  7 and b  19. Show your
modification steps to obtain a new expression that has zero value at some integer
value of x.

b) Starting from the initial expression as above, one gets the expression x 2  17x  9
after m modification steps. Prove that at a certain step k with k  m , the obtained
expression has zero value at some integer value of x.

Solution.

Page 6 of 9
 16th HANOI OPEN MATHEMATICS COMPETITION For Jury Only
Hanoi, Vietnam 2019

Individual Contest – Junior Section

GROUP A

SECTION C. Write your detailed solution in the space provided at the end of the question.

Question 13. Find all points inside a given equilateral triangle such that the distances from it to
three sides of the given triangle are the side lengths of a triangle?

Solution.

Page 7 of 9
 16th HANOI OPEN MATHEMATICS COMPETITION For Jury Only
Hanoi, Vietnam 2019

Individual Contest – Junior Section

GROUP A

SECTION C. Write your detailed solution in the space provided at the end of the question.

Question 14. Let a, b, c be non-negative real numbers satisfying a  b  c  3.

3
a) If c  , prove that 3(ab  bc  ca )  2abc  7.
2

b) Find the greatest possible value of M  3(ab  bc  ca )  2abc.

Solution.

Page 8 of 9
 16th HANOI OPEN MATHEMATICS COMPETITION For Jury Only
Hanoi, Vietnam 2019

Individual Contest – Junior Section

GROUP A

SECTION C. Write your detailed solution in the space provided at the end of the question.

Question 15. Given a 2  5 rectangle is divided into 10 unit squares as the figure below

How many ways are there to write the letters H, A, N, O, I into all of the unit squares such that
two neighbor squares (the squares with a common side) do not contain the same letters?

Note: Each unit square is filled by only one letter. Each letter may be used several times or not
used as well. For example, the following is satisfied

H A N O I

A N A H A

Solution.

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