ASSINGNMENT

 
 Topic:     CH#4(OPTIONS MARKET AND CONTRACTS) 

 
Submitted to:      Sir Safyan Majid 
 
Submitted by:      Mehak Shahbaz 
 
Roll no:     0135-R-BH-BAF-15 
 
Subject:     Analysis of Financial Derivatives 
 
Semester:       8th

Session: (2016-2020) 

Government College University, Lahore.

Question no 6: “Solution”

a)
1) European call option on the Strike price of 1225:

 Stock index Option expires = T = 75 days

 Stock index currently = S0 = 1240.89
 Risk free rate = r = 3%
 Strike price = X = 1225
Max value for the call : c0 = S0 = 1240.89
Lower bound for the call: c0 = Max[0, 1240.89-1225/(1.03)^0.025]
= Max[0,23.31]
= 23.31

2) European call option on the Strike price of 1255:

 Stock index Option expires = T = 75 days

 Stock index currently = S0 = 1240.89
 Risk free rate = r = 3%
Strike price = X = 1255
Max value for the call : c0 = S0 = 1240.89
Lower bound for the call: c0 = Max[0, 1240.89-1255/(1.03)^0.025]
= Max[0,-15.39]
=0
b)
1) European put option on the Strike price of 1225:

 Stock index Option expires = T = 75 days

 Stock index currently = S0 = 1240.89
 Risk free rate = r = 3%
 Strike price = X = 1225
Max value for the put : p0 = 1225/1.03^0.025=1217.58
Lower bound for the put: p0 = Max[0, 1225/(1.03)^0.025-1240.89]
=0

2) European put option on the Strike price of 1255:

  Stock index Option expires = T = 75 days
 Stock index currently = S0 = 1240.89
 Risk free rate = r = 3%
 Strike price = X = 1255
Max value for the put : p0 = 1255/1.03^0.025=1247.40
Lower bound for the put: p0 = Max[0, 1255/(1.03)^0.025-1240.89]
= Max[0,6.51]
= 6.51

Question no 7: “Solution”

a)
1) American style call and put options on the Strike price of $0.95:

 Stock index Option expires = T = 60 days

 Stock index currently = S0 = 1.05
 Risk free rate = r = 5.5%
 Strike price = X = 0.95

Max value for the call : c0 = 1.05

Lower bound for the call: c0 = Max[O, 1. O5 - 0.951/(1.055)0.1644]=$ 0.1 1
Max value for the put : p0 = 0.95
Lower bound for the put: p0 = Max[0, 0.95-1.05]
=0
2) American style call and put options on the Strike price of $1.10:

 Stock index Option expires = T = 60 days

 Stock index currently = S0 = 1.05
 Risk free rate = r = 5.5%
 Strike price = X = 1.10

Max value for the call : c0 = 1.05

Lower bound for the call: c0 = Max[O, 1. O5 – 1.10/(1.055)0.1644]=$ 0
Max value for the put : p0 = 1.10
Lower bound for the put: p0 = Max[0, 1.10-1.05]=0.05
b)
1) European style call and put options on the Strike price of $0.95:
  Stock index Option expires = T = 60 days
 Stock index currently = S0 = 1.05
 Risk free rate = r = 5.5%
 Strike price = X = 0.95

Max value for the call : c0 = 1.05

Lower bound for the call: c0 = Max[O, 1. O5 - 0.951/(1.055)0.1644]=$ 0.1 1
Max value for the put : p0 = 0.95/(1.055)0.164
: p0 = $0.94
Lower bound for the put: p0 = Max[0, 0.95/(1.055)0.164-1.05]
=$0

2) European style call and put options on the Strike price of $1.10:

 Stock index Option expires = T = 60 days

 Stock index currently = S0 = 1.05
 Risk free rate = r = 5.5%
 Strike price = X = 1.10

Max value for the call : c0 = 1.05

Lower bound for the call: c0 = Max[O, 1. O5 – 1.10/(1.055)0.1644]
=$ 0
Max value for the put : p0 = 1.10/(1.055)0.164
: p0 = $1.94
Lower bound for the put: p0 = Max[0, 1.10/(1.055)0.164-1.05]
=$0.04

Question no 10: “Solution”

 Current Stock price = $100

 The stock price go up = 10% or 0.1 = 1.1 (1%+0.1)
 The stock price go down = 15% or 0.15 = 0.85(1%-0.15)
 Risk free rate = 6.5%
a) Use a one-period binomial model to calculate the price of a call option
with an exercise price of $90.
S+ =Su = 100(1.1) = $110
-
S = Sd = 100(0.85) = $85
 c+= cu = Max(0,110-90) = $20
c- = cd = Max(0,85-90) = $0
The Risk neutral probability is:
1.065−0.85
Π = 1.1−0.85 = 0.86
1-π = 0.14
0.86 ( 20 ) +0.14(0)
The call price today= c= = 16.15
1.065

b) Now, the current price is $17.5.

20−0
So, the hedge ratio is = n= 110−85 = 0.8
For every option sold we should purchase 0.8 shares of stock. If we sell
100 calls
we should buy 80 shares of stock.
Sell 100 calls at 17.50= 1,750
Buy 80 shares at 100 = -8,000
Net cash flow = -6,250
At expiration the value of this combination will be
80(110)- 100(20) = $6800
80(85) - 100(0) = $6800
We invested $6,250 for a payoff of $6,800.
6,800
The rate of return is ( 16250 ) -1 = 0.088. This rate is higher than the risk-
free rate of 0.065.

c) Now, the current price is $14.

20−0
So, the hedge ratio is = n= 110−85 = 0.8
For every option sold we should purchase 0.8 shares of stock. If we sell
100 calls
we should buy 80 shares of stock.
Sell 100 calls at 14 = 1,440
Buy 80 shares at 100 = -8,000
Net cash flow = -6,600
At expiration the value of this combination will be
80(110)- 100(20) = $6800
80(85) - 100(0) = $6800
We invested $6,600 for a payoff of $6,800.
 6,800
The rate of return is ( 660 0 ) -1 = 0.0303. This rate is lower than the risk-
free rate of 0.065.

Question no 11: “Solution”

 Current Stock price = $150

 The stock price go up = 33% or 0.33 = 1.33(1%+0.33)
 The stock price go down = 15% or 0.15 = 0.85(1%-0.15)
 Risk free rate = 4.5%
a) Use a one-period binomial model to calculate the price of a call option
with an exercise price of $90.
S+ =Su = 150(1.33) = $199.5
-
S = Sd = 150(0.85) = $127.5
+
p = pu = Max(0,150-199.5) = $0
p- = pd = Max(0,150-127) = $22.5
The Risk neutral probability is:
1.04 5−0.85
Π = 1.33−0.85 = 0.4063
1-π = 0.5937
0.4063 ( 0 ) +0.5937(22.5 0)
The call price today= c= = 12.78
1.04 5

b) Now, the current price is $14.

0−22.5 0
So, the hedge ratio is = n= 199.5−127,5 = 0.3125
For every option sold we should sell 0.3125 shares of stock. If we sell
10,000 puts
we should sell 3125 shares of stock.
Sell 10,000 calls at 14 = 140,000
Buy 3125 shares at 150 = 468,750
Net cash flow = 608,750
At expiration the value of this combination will be
-3,125(199.5) -10,000(0) = -$623,437
-3,125(127.5) -10,000(22.5) = -$623,437
We invested $608,750 for a payoff of $623,437.
623,437
The rate of return is ( 608,750 ) -1 = 0.0241. This rate is lower than the
risk-free rate of 0.045.
c) Now, the current price is $11.
0−22.5 0
So, the hedge ratio is = n= 199.5−127.5 = -0.3125
For every option sold we should purchase 0.3125 shares of stock. If we
sell 10,000 puts
we should buy 3125 shares of stock.
Buy 10,000 calls at 11 = -110,000
Buy 3125 shares at 150 = -468,750
Net cash flow = -578,750
At expiration the value of this combination will be
3,125(199.5) -10,000(0) = -$623,437
3,125(127.5) -10,000(22.5) = -$623,437
We invested $578,750 for a payoff of $623,437.
623,437
The rate of return is ( 578 ,750 ) -1 = 0.0772. This rate is higher than the risk
free rate is 0.045

Question no 17: “Solution”

 An assets trade today at = $100

 Exercise price = $100
275
 Option expiration days = 275 days= 365 = 0.7534
 Volatility = 0.45
 Risk free rate = 3% =0.03

a) Assume the current underlying asset price is 4.25

Adjust asset price = 100-4.25=$95.75
Now, Calculate the value of d1 and d2:

In(95.75/100)+[0.03+(0.45) 2 /2](0.7534)
d1 = = 0.1420
0.45 √ 0.7534

d2 = 0.1420-0.45 √ 0.7534= -0.2486

By, table:
N(0.14) = 0.5557 = N(d1)
N(-0.25) = 1 - N(0.25) = 1 - 0.5987 = 0.4013 = N(d2)
The value of the call option is
c = 95.75(0.5557) - 100e-0.03(0.7534)(0.4013)=13.975
 The value of the put option is
p = 100e-0.03(0.7534)(1-0.4013) - 95.75(1 - 0.5557) = 15.990
b) Adjust asset price = 100e-0.015(0.7534)=$98.876
Now, Calculate the value of d1 and d2:

In(98.876/100)+[0.03+(0.45) 2 /2](0.7534)
d1 = = 0.2242
0.45 √ 0.7534

d2 = 0.2242-0.45 √ 0.7534= -0.1664

By, Table:
N(0.22) = 0.5871 = N(d1)
N(-0.17) = 1 - N(0.17) = 1 - 0.5675 = 0.4325 = N(d2)
The value of the call option is
c = 98.876(0.5871) - 100e-0.03(0.7534)(0.4325)=15.767
The value of the put option is
p = 100e-0.03(0.7534)(1-0.4325) – 98.876(1 - 0.5871) = 14.656

Question no 19: “Solution”

 A forward contract price= 145

 Exercise price = $150
65
 Option expiration days = 65 days= 365 = 0.7534
 Volatility = 0.33
 Risk free rate = 3.75% =0.0375

a) Now, Calculate the value of d1 and d2:

In( 145/150 )+[(0.03 ) 2 /2](0.1781)

d1 = = - 0.1738
0.33 √0.1781

d2 = -0.1738-0.33 √ 0.1781= -0.3131

By, table:
N(-0.17) = 1-N(0.17) = 1 - 0.5675 = 0.4325 = N(d1)
N(-0.31) = 1-N(0.31) = 1 - 0.6217 = 0.3783 = N(d2)
The value of the call option is
c = e-0.0375(0.1781)[145(0.4325)- 150(0.3783)] = 5.928
b) Adjust asset price = 145e-0.0375(0.1781)=$144.03
Now, Calculate the value of d1 and d2:

In(144.03/15 0)+[0.0375+(0.33 ) 2 /2](0.1781 )

d1 = = - 0.1740
0.33 √ 0.1781

d2 = -0.1740-0.33 √ 0.1781= -0.3133

By, Table:
N(-0.17) = 1 – N(0.17) = 1 -0.5675=0.4325 = N(d1)
N(-0.31) = 1 - N(0.31) = 1 - 0.6217 = 0.3783 = N(d2)
The value of the call option is
c = 144.03(0.4325) - 150e-0.0375(0.1781)(0.3783)=5.926

c) Now, Calculate put option:

p = e-0.0375(0.1781)[150(1-0.3783) – 145(1 - 0.4325)] = 10.894

d) Now, Calculate put option:

p = 150e-0.0375(0.1781)(1-0.3783) – 144.03(1 - 0.4325) = 10.987
They both parts answer are same.