Systems Operation Piston Pump Implement PDF

2020/8/20 924H 924Hz Wheel Loader PED00001-UP (MACHINE) POWERED BY C6.
6 Engine(SEBP4564 - 29) - Systems & Components
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Welcome: m620mfh1
Product: WHEEL LOADER
Model: 924HZ WHEEL LOADER PED00910
Configuration: 924H 924Hz Wheel Loader PED00001-UP (MACHINE)
POWERED BY C6.6 Engine
Systems Operation
924H and 924Hz Wheel Loaders Hydraulic System
Media Number -KENR7614-01 Publication Date -01/11/2011 Date Updated -22/11/2011
i02822435
Implement Pump
SMCS - 5055-II ; 5070-II
Illustration 1 g00614483
Remove the panels in order to gain access to the piston pumps.
The pumps are located on the left side of the machine.
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2020/8/20 924H 924Hz Wheel Loader PED00001-UP (MACHINE) POWERED BY C6.6 Engine(SEBP4564 - 29) - Systems & Components
(A) The Piston pump supplies oil to the pilot system and the steering system. (B) The Piston pump supplies oil to the work tools.
(1) Piston pump for the pilot system and the steering system
(2) Margin spring
(3) Pressure and flow compensator valve
(4) Passage from the bank valves for the load sensing signal
(5) Flow compensator spool
(6) Actuator piston
(7) Bias spring
(8) Drive shaft
(9) Swashplate
(10) Cylinder barrel assembly
(11) Pump inlet
(12) Pump outlet
(13) Piston pump for the work tools
(LL) Tank oil
The piston pump for the work tools (13) and the piston pump for the pilot system and the steering system (1)
have the following characteristics: variable displacement, load sensing, compensation for pressure and
compensation for flow. These piston type pumps have variable flow and pressure. The flow and pressure are
dependent on the system demands that are sensed by pressure and flow compensator valves (3). The pressure
and flow compensator valve for the piston pump for the work tools (13) is not shown.
When the engine is OFF, there is no load sensing signal (4) to pressure and flow compensator valve (3).
Margin spring (2) pushes flow compensator spool (5) completely to the right. Any pressure that is behind
actuator piston (6) is vented to the case drain across flow compensator spool (5) .
When there is no pressure behind actuator piston (6), bias spring (7) is able to hold swashplate (9) at the
maximum angle.
When the engine is started, drive shaft (8) starts to rotate. Oil flows into the piston bore from pump inlet (11).
Oil is forced out of pump outlet (12) and into the system as cylinder barrel assembly (10) rotates.
Low Pressure Standby
A typical view of the operation of the pump and the pressure and flow compensator valve
(1) Piston pump
(2) Margin spring
(6) Actuator piston
(7) Bias spring
(9) Swashplate
(12) Pump outlet
(AA) Supply oil
(BB) Reduced supply oil
(EE) Tank oil
(LL) Case drain

When the piston pump for the work tools produces flow, the system pressure begins to increase because the
oil flow is blocked at the bank valves. When the piston pump for the pilot system and the steering system
produces flow, the system pressure begins to increase because the flow of oil is blocked at the steering
metering pump. The pilot system does not contain a load signal circuit.
The blocked oil creates pressure which is felt at the end of flow compensator spool (5). The flow
compensator spool moves left against margin spring (2). This permits system oil to flow to actuator piston
(6) .
When the pressure on actuator piston (6) increases, the force of bias spring (7) is overcome and swashplate
(9) is moved to a slight angle.
The piston pump (1) produces enough flow in order to compensate for normal system leakage when
swashplate (9) is at a slight angle. Also, the piston pump has sufficient pressure in order to provide
instantaneous response when a work tool or the steering metering pump is activated.
If there is no flow demand from a hydraulic circuit for the work tool or the steering metering pump, no load
sensing signal (4) is generated.
The pressure at the pump outlet must only overcome the force of margin spring (2). Pressure at the pump
outlet is called "low pressure standby". For the piston pump for the work tools, low pressure standby is
approximately 1990 ± 210 kPa (288.6 ± 30.5 psi). For the piston pump for the pilot system and the steering
system, low pressure standby is approximately 4065 ± 205 kPa (590.0 ± 30.0 psi).
Low pressure standby is higher than margin pressure. This is due to a higher back pressure that is created by
the oil which is blocked at the closed center valves when the valves are in the HOLD position.
When the piston pump (1) is at low pressure standby, the supply oil from pump outlet (12) pushes flow
compensator spool (5) to the left. This will further compress margin spring (2). An increased amount of
supply oil from the pump outlet (12) will flow to actuator piston (6). This will slightly destroke the piston
pump (1) .
Note: The amount of system leakage and the adjustments to flow compensator spool (5) can cause the
margin pressure to equal the low pressure standby. Margin pressure can never be higher than low pressure
standby.
Upstroking
A typical view of the operation of a piston pump and the pressure and flow compensator valve
(1) Piston pump
(2) Margin spring
(6) Actuator piston
(7) Bias spring
(9) Swashplate
(12) Pump outlet
(AA) Supply oil
(DD) Load sensing signal oil
(EE) Tank
(LL) Case drain oil

When a hydraulic circuit for the work tool or the steering system requires flow, the pressure from pump
outlet (12) is reduced. The reduced pump output pressure causes the force from the pump outlet pressure to
decrease. The reduced pressure is relative to the force from the load sensing signal and from the margin
spring. This force is on the left side of flow compensator spool (5). The force is greater than the pump supply
pressure at the right of the spool.
The spool moves to the right which blocks the flow of oil to actuator piston (6). Oil that is in the chamber for
actuator piston (6) is vented to the case drain across flow compensator spool (5). This allows bias spring (7)
to move swashplate (9) to a greater angle.
The pump now produces more flow. This condition is known as "upstroking".
The following conditions can result in upstroking the pump:
If a hydraulic circuit for the work tool or the steering system is initially activated from low pressure
standby, the load sensing signal increases the pump output flow. This increased pump output flow is
routed to the position of a main control spool of a bank valve that demands the oil.
The piston pump will upstroke when the demand increases from changing the position of the main
control spool in a bank valve or when the hand metering unit is turned at a faster rate of speed.
If another hydraulic circuit for the work tool is engaged, there is a need for increased pump flow.
If the flow demand on the hydraulic system remains constant, the piston pump will upstroke when the
engine speed decreases.
Note: The load sensing signal pressure does not need to increase in order to upstroke the piston pump.
Constant Flow
Operation of the pump and pressure and flow compensator valve
(1) piston pump
(2) Margin spring
(6) Actuator piston
(7) Bias spring
(9) Swashplate
(12) Pump outlet
(13) Adjustment for the flow compensator spool
(AA) Supply oil
(DD) Pilot signal oil

(EE) Tank
(LL) Case drain
When a constant flow of oil is demanded by a hydraulic circuit for the work tool or the steering circuit, the
supply oil pressure from pump outlet (12) will increase on the right side of flow compensator spool (5). The
pressure on left side of flow compensator spool (5) is the sum of the following pressures: load sensing signal
(4) and margin spring (2). When the flow demand is met, the flow compensator spool (5) will meter the force
on both ends of the spool. Once the forces become equal on each end of the spool the system will stabilize.
Swashplate (9) is held at a relative constant angle in order to maintain the required flow.
The difference between the pressure of load sensing signal (4) and the supply oil pressure is called margin
pressure. Margin pressure is the value of margin spring (2) .
Margin pressure is adjusted by turning adjustment screw (13) on flow compensator spool (5) .
Destroking
A typical view of the operation of the piston pump and pressure and flow compensator valve
(1) Piston pump
(2) Margin spring
(6) Actuator piston
(7) Bias spring
(9) Swashplate
(12) Pump outlet
(AA) Supply oil
(EE) Tank
(LL) Case drain
When less flow is required, piston pump (1) destrokes. Piston pump (1) destrokes when the force at the right
of the flow compensator spool (5) becomes greater than the force at the left.
Flow compensator spool (5) moves to the left which allows more oil flow to actuator piston (6). Pressure on
actuator piston (6) is now increased.
The increased pressure overcomes the force of bias spring (7) which moves swashplate (9) to a reduced
angle. When the pressure from pump outlet (12) matches the force at the left of flow compensator spool (5),
the spool returns to a metering position. Piston pump (1) will return to a constant flow.
The following conditions result in destroking the piston pump:
When a main control spool for a bank valve is moved to the HOLD position the piston pump will
destroke.
If the main control spool for a bank valve is moved to a position that requires less flow the piston
pump will destroke.
If multiple bank valves are being used, the piston pump will destroke when there is a reduction in
demand from any one of the bank valves.
If the engine speed increases, the piston pump destrokes.
When piston pump (1) destrokes, supply oil pressure from pump outlet (12) decreases on the right side of
flow compensator spool (5). The pressure on the left side of flow compensator spool (5) is the sum of the
following pressures: load sensing signal (4) and margin spring (2). Flow compensator spool (5) will meter
the force on both ends of the spool. Once the forces become equal on each end of the spool the system will
stabilize.
Note: The load sensing signal pressure (4) does not need to decrease in order to destroke the piston pump.
High Pressure Stall
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A typical view of the operation of the piston pump and the pressure and flow compensator valve
(1) Piston pump
(2) Margin spring
(6) Actuator piston
(7) Bias spring
(9) Swashplate
(12) Pump outlet
(13) Adjustment for the flow compensator spool
(14) Pressure compensator spool
(15) Cutoff spring
(16) Adjustment screw for the pressure compensator spool
(AA) Supply oil
(EE) Tank
(LL) Case drain
Pressure compensator spool (14) is in parallel with flow compensator spool (5). Pressure compensator spool
(14) limits the maximum system pressure at any pump displacement.
Pressure compensator spool (14) is forced to the right during normal operation by cutoff spring (15) .
If the piston pump is at a high pressure stall or maximum system pressure, the pressure of load sensing signal
(4) is equal to pressure of the supply oil from pump outlet (12) .
The combined pressure of load sensing signal (4) and margin spring (2) forces flow compensator spool (5) to
the right. When flow compensator spool (5) moves to the right, a passage will normally be opened. This
allows the oil that is holding actuator piston (6) to be vented to the case drain. This will cause the piston
pump to upstroke.
If the pressure of the supply oil from pump outlet (12) is high enough, pressure compensator spool (14) is
forced left against cutoff spring (15) .
The movement of pressure compensator spool (14) blocks the oil from actuator piston (6) from flowing to
the case drain. This allows the supply oil to flow to actuator piston (6) .
The increase in pressure on actuator piston (6) overcomes the force of bias spring (7). Swashplate ( 9) moves
and the piston pump destrokes.
The piston pump is now at minimum flow and the supply oil at the pump outlet pressure is at maximum
pressure. These conditions are maintained for a single work tool in a stall condition.
Maximum system pressure is adjusted by turning adjustment screw (16) for pressure compensator spool (14)
.
If multiple hydraulic circuits for the work tools are activated, the piston pump for the work tool circuits still
produces flow while one of the circuits is at a high pressure stall. This flow meets the needs of the other
circuits that are operating at a lower work port pressure. Piston pump (1) could be producing maximum flow
while the pressure of the supply oil from pump outlet (12) is at the maximum.
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2020/8/20 924H 924Hz Wheel Loader PED00001-UP (MACHINE) POWERED BY C6.

6 Engine(SEBP4564 - 29) - Systems & Components

The pumps are located on the left side of the machine.

(2) Margin spring

(3) Pressure and flow compensator valve

(5) Flow compensator spool

(6) Actuator piston

(7) Bias spring

(8) Drive shaft

(10) Cylinder barrel assembly

(11) Pump inlet

(12) Pump outlet

(13) Piston pump for the work tools

(LL) Tank oil

Low Pressure Standby

(1) Piston pump

(2) Margin spring

(3) Pressure and flow compensator valve

(5) Flow compensator spool

(6) Actuator piston

(7) Bias spring

(12) Pump outlet

(AA) Supply oil

(BB) Reduced supply oil

(EE) Tank oil

(LL) Case drain

(1) Piston pump

(2) Margin spring

(3) Pressure and flow compensator valve

(5) Flow compensator spool

(6) Actuator piston

(7) Bias spring

(12) Pump outlet

(AA) Supply oil

(DD) Load sensing signal oil

(LL) Case drain oil

The following conditions can result in upstroking the pump:

(1) piston pump

(2) Margin spring

(3) Pressure and flow compensator valve

(5) Flow compensator spool

(6) Actuator piston

(7) Bias spring

(12) Pump outlet

(13) Adjustment for the flow compensator spool

(AA) Supply oil

(BB) Reduced supply oil

(DD) Pilot signal oil

(LL) Case drain

(1) Piston pump

(2) Margin spring

(3) Pressure and flow compensator valve

(5) Flow compensator spool

(6) Actuator piston

(7) Bias spring

(12) Pump outlet

(AA) Supply oil

(BB) Reduced supply oil

(DD) Pilot signal oil

(LL) Case drain

The following conditions result in destroking the piston pump:

If the engine speed increases, the piston pump destrokes.

High Pressure Stall