DEDR Rampurtar Detail b2 PDF

DEDR: Rampurtar Town Water Supply & Sanitation Sub-project
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ 1
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT .......................................................................................................... 1
1.2 RAMPURTAR TOWN WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION PROJECT ............................................... 2
1.3 LOCATION .................................................................................................................................................... 2
1.4 CLIMATE ....................................................................................................................................................... 3
1.5 SERVICE AREA, POPULATION AND GROWTH RATE .......................................................................... 3
1.6 SETTLEMENT PATTERN............................................................................................................................ 5
1.7 MAJOR COMPONENTS .............................................................................................................................. 5
1.8 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT ............................................................................................................ 5
1.8.1 Water Supply and Sanitation Division Office .............................................................................. 5
1.8.2 Water User's and Sanitation Committee ....................................................................................... 5
1.9 ENGINEERING DESIGN ............................................................................................................................. 6
1.9.1 Organisation of the Study Team ..................................................................................................... 6
1.10 METHODOLOGY FOR DETAILED ENGINEERING DESIGN REPORT ............................................ 7
1.11 STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT ............................................................................................................ 8
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF FEASIBILITY STUDY......................................................... 10
2.1 EXISTING SITUATION .............................................................................................................................. 10
2.1.1 Water Supply System ...................................................................................................................... 10
2.1.2 Consumption Level ......................................................................................................................... 10
2.1.3 Water Tariff ........................................................................................................................................ 10
2.1.4 Sanitation .......................................................................................................................................... 11
2.2 IDENTIFICATION OF PROPOSED SERVICE AREA AND SOURCES ................................................ 11
2.3 WILLINGNESS TO CONTRIBUTE FOR WATER SUPPLY SERVICE ................................................. 12
2.4 WILLINGNESS TO CONTRIBUTE IN SANITATION WORKS ............................................................... 12
2.5 EXISTING SUPPLY DEFICIT AND DEMAND ......................................................................................... 12
CHAPTER III: FIELD INVESTIGATION ......................................................................... 13
3.1 SOURCES ................................................................................................................................................... 13
3.1.1 Existing Water Source .................................................................................................................... 13
3.1.2 New Water Source ........................................................................................................................... 13
3.1.3 Sources Yield .................................................................................................................................... 13
3.1.4 Potential Source ............................................................................................................................... 13
3.2 TECHNICAL VIABILITY OF THE SOURCES .......................................................................................... 14
3.3 ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION OF THE SOURCE ............................................................................ 16
3.4 WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF THE SOURCES ........................................................................ 16
WATER TEST REPORT/CERTIFICATE........................................................................ 16
WATER TEST REPORT/CERTIFICATE........................................................................ 17
3.5 RESETTLEMENT ISSUES ........................................................................................................................ 18
3.6 PROPOSED SANITATION IMPROVEMENT .......................................................................................... 19
3.6.1 Surface Drainage ............................................................................................................................. 19
3.6.2 Sanitation Components .................................................................................................................. 19
3.6.3 Solid Waste Management ................................................................................................................... 19
CHAPTER IV: DETAILED ENGINEERING DESIGN..................................................... 20
4.1 DESIGN STANDARDS .............................................................................................................................. 20
4.1.1 Design Period ................................................................................................................................... 20
4.1.2 Population Growth Rate ................................................................................................................. 20
4.1.3 Population Projection ..................................................................................................................... 20
4.1.4 Service Level .................................................................................................................................... 21
4.1.5 Water Demand .................................................................................................................................. 21
4.1.6 Peak Factor ....................................................................................................................................... 22
4.1.7 Domestic Demand (fully plumbed, yard connection) .............................................................. 22
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4.1.8 Non-Domestic Demand (Institutional, Commercial and other Demand) ............................. 23

4.1.9 Wastage and Leakage ..................................................................................................................... 24
4.1.10 Total Water Demand ........................................................................................................................ 24
4.1.11 Consumption Pattern ........................................................................................................................... 24
4.2 PIPE MATERIALS ...................................................................................................................................... 25
4.2.1 Pressure and Velocity ..................................................................................................................... 25
4.3 DESIGN APPROACH ................................................................................................................................. 25
4.3.1 General ............................................................................................................................................... 25
4.3.2 Service Area ...................................................................................................................................... 26
4.3.3 Proposed Sources and Intakes ..................................................................................................... 26
4.3.4 Design of Electrical System .......................................................................................................... 27
4.3.5 Transmission Main and Pumping ................................................................................................ 28
4.3.6 Treatment Plant and Chlorination ................................................................................................ 28
4.3.7 Service Reservoir ............................................................................................................................ 28
4.3.8 Distribution Main and District Metering Area ............................................................................ 28
4.3.9 House Connections ......................................................................................................................... 31
4.3.10 Bulk Water Meter.............................................................................................................................. 31
4.3.11 Types of Connections ..................................................................................................................... 31
4.3.12 Washout Valve .................................................................................................................................. 31
4.3.13 Air Valve ............................................................................................................................................. 31
4.3.14 Control Valve .................................................................................................................................... 32
4.3.15 Generator House .............................................................................................................................. 32
4.3.16 Laboratory Building cum WUSC Office Building and Guard House .................................... 32
4.3.17 Boundary Wall .................................................................................................................................. 32
4.3.18 Summary of Major Project Component ....................................................................................... 32
CHAPTER V: PROJECT COST ESTIMATE OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM.............. 33
5.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 33
5.2 CAPITAL COST OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM .................................................................................... 33
5.3 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE ......................................................................................................... 35
CHAPTER VI: FINANCIAL AND ECONOMICAL ANALYSIS ...................................... 37
6.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 37
6.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................... 37
6.3 ASSUMPTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS ......................................................... 38
6.4 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................................. 39
6.4.1 Project Costs .................................................................................................................................... 39
6.4.2 Capital Costs .................................................................................................................................... 39
6.4.3 Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Costs .................................................................................. 39
6.4.4 Capital Replacement Costs ........................................................................................................... 40
6.4.5 Average Incremental Economic Cost (AIEC) ............................................................................. 40
6.5 PROJECT BENEFITS ................................................................................................................................ 40
6.5.1 Non-incremental Water Sales Benefits ....................................................................................... 40
6.5.2 Incremental Water Sales Benefits ................................................................................................ 41
6.5.3 Benefit from the Value of Unaccounted-for-Water ................................................................... 41
6.6. ECONOMIC EVALUATION ....................................................................................................................... 41
6.7. FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF WUSC ........................................................................................................... 41
6.8. PROJECT COSTS ...................................................................................................................................... 41
6.8.1 Capital Costs .................................................................................................................................... 41
6.8.2 Annual Capital Costs ...................................................................................................................... 42
6.8.3 Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Costs .................................................................................. 42
6.8.4 Interest on Term Loan .................................................................................................................... 42
6.8.5 Routine Capital Replacement Costs ............................................................................................ 42
6.8.6 Average Incremental Financial Costs (AIFC) ............................................................................. 42
6.9 FINANCIAL BENEFIT ................................................................................................................................. 42
6.9.1 Tariff Structure ................................................................................................................................. 42
6.10 FINANCIAL POSITION OF WATER USERS' COMMITTEE (WUSC) ............................................... 43
6.11 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................................ 44
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CHAPTER VII: SOCIO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ........................................................... 45

7.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 45
7.2 OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE OF THE BASELINE STUDY ........................................................................ 45
7.3 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................ 46
7.3.1 General ............................................................................................................................................... 46
7.3.2 Census Survey ................................................................................................................................. 46
7.3.3 Stratified Sampling Method ........................................................................................................... 46
7.3.4 Orientation Program........................................................................................................................ 46
7.3.5 Data Tabulation and Analysis ....................................................................................................... 47
7.3.6 Selection of Enumerators .............................................................................................................. 47
7.3.7 Institutional Survey ......................................................................................................................... 48
7.4 BASELINE SURVEY FINDINGS ............................................................................................................... 48
7.4.1 Demographic Characteristics ....................................................................................................... 48
7.4.2 Population by Sex and Family Size ............................................................................................. 48
7.4.3 Educational Status .......................................................................................................................... 49
7.4.4 Level of Income ................................................................................................................................ 51
7.4.5 Existing Water Supply System ..................................................................................................... 51
7.4.6 Willingness Assessment ................................................................................................................ 51
7.4.7 Average Water Consumption and Time Taken .......................................................................... 52
7.4.8 Latrine Facilities ............................................................................................................................... 53
7.4.9 Expenditure for Treatment ............................................................................................................. 54
7.4.10 Treatment Expenses for Diarrhea and Water related Disease ............................................... 54
7.4.11 Practice on Appropriate Site for Solid Waste Disposal ........................................................... 55
7.5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ............................................................................................. 55
CHAPTER VIII: ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS ............................................................ 57
8.1 GENERAL .................................................................................................................................................... 57
8.2 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ADDRESSED ............................................................................................. 57
8.2.1 Physico-Chemical Issues ............................................................................................................... 57
8.2.2 Biological Issues.............................................................................................................................. 58
8.2.3 Social and Socio-economic Issues .............................................................................................. 58
8.3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING ............................................................................................................. 58
CHAPTER IX: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION .......................................... 60

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List of Tables
TABLE 1.1: POPULATION AND GROWTH RATE ...................................................................................................................... 4
TABLE 1.2 DETAILS OF POPULATION STATUS OF PROPOSED SERVICE AREA ................................................................................. 4
TABLE 1.3: NAME LIST AND POSITION OF THE EXISTING WUSC IN RAMPURTAR ........................................................................... 6
TABLE 3.1 CENTER FOR COMPLETE SCIENTIFIC SOLUTION ..................................................................................................... 16
TABLE 3.2 CENTER FOR COMPLETE SCIENTIFIC SOLUTION ..................................................................................................... 17
TABLE 4.1: WATER DEMAND .......................................................................................................................................... 21
TABLE 4.2: DOMESTIC WATER DEMAND ............................................................................................................................ 23
TABLE 4.3: NON‐DOMESTIC WATER DEMAND ..................................................................................................................... 24
TABLE 4.4: LEAKAGE AND WASTAGE DEMAND ..................................................................................................................... 24
TABLE 4.5: TOTAL WATER DEMAND IN DIFFERENT USES ......................................................................................................... 24
TABLE 4.6: CONSUMPTION PATTERN ................................................................................................................................ 25
TABLE 4.7: CAPACITY AND NUMBER OF PUMPS .................................................................................................................. 27
TABLE 4.8: TRANSFORMER AND DIESEL GENERATOR IN OPTION I AND II .................................................................................. 27
TABLE 5.1 SUMMARY OF COST (WATER SUPPLY COMPONENT) ........................................................................................ 33
TABLE 5.2: PERSONNEL COST ......................................................................................................................................... 35
TABLE 5.3: OTHER COST FOR OPERATION .......................................................................................................................... 36
TABLE 5.4: MAINTENANCE COST ..................................................................................................................................... 36
TABLE 6.1: PROJECT COST BY COST COMPONENT ................................................................................................................ 39
TABLE 6.2: MONTHLY TARIFF PER HOUSEHOLD CONNECTION ................................................................................................ 43
TABLE 6.3: OUT PUT OF FINANCIAL AND ECONOMICAL ANALYSIS ............................................................................................ 44
TABLE 6.4: SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS: FIRR (%) ...................................................................................................................... 44
TABLE 7.1: NAME LIST OF ENUMERATOR AND FIELD SUPERVISOR ........................................................................................... 47
TABLE 7.2: DISTRIBUTION OF PERMANENT AND RENTAL HOUSEHOLD AND POPULATION .............................................................. 48
TABLE 7.3: DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION BY SEX AND FAMILY SIZE ....................................................................................... 48
TABLE 7.4: MALE/FEMALE RATIO BY SEX .......................................................................................................................... 49
TABLE 7.5: DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLD HEAD STATUS BY SEX ............................................................................................ 49
TABLE 7.6: EDUCATION STATUS OF HOUSEHOLD HEAD ......................................................................................................... 49
TABLE 7.7: INFORMATION OF INSTITUTIONS ....................................................................................................................... 50
TABLE 7.8: INCOME LEVEL OF HOUSEHOLDS BY WARD ......................................................................................................... 51
TABLE 7.9: EXISTING WATER SOURCES IN RAMPURTAR ........................................................................................................ 51
TABLE 7.10: WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR MONTHLY WATER BY WARD ........................................................................................ 52
TABLE 7.11: WILLINGNESS FOR UP FRONT CASH COLLECTION .................................................................................................. 52
TABLE 7.12: EXISTING WATER CONSUMPTION SCENARIO BY WET AD DRY SEASON ...................................................................... 52
TABLE 7.13: WATER CONSUMPTION SCENEORIO BY WET & DRY SEASON .................................................................................. 53
TABLE 7.14: HOUSEHOLD LATRINE STATUS BY WARD ............................................................................................................ 53
TABLE 7.15: NUMBER AND TYPE OF HOUSEHOLD LATRINE ...................................................................................................... 54
TABLE 7.16: TREATMENT MEASURE FOR DIARRHEA AND WATERBORNE RELATED DISEASES ........................................................... 54
TABLE 7.17: EXPENSES ON DIARRHEA AND WATER BORNE DISEASES ........................................................................................ 55
TABLE 7.18: PRACTICE ON APPROPRIATE SITE FOR SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL ................................................................................ 55
List of Figures
Figure 1.1: Location Map of Project Town
Figure 1.2: Location Map of Proposed Service Area
Figure 3.1: Schematic Diagram of Recommended Option
Figure 4.1: Distribution Network
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List of Acronyms & Abbreviations

ADB Asian Development Bank
AIECs Average Incremental Economic Costs
CAP Community Awareness Plan
CBS Central Bureau of Statistics
DAO District Administration Office
DDC District Development Committee
DEWATS Decentralized Wastewater Treatment
DPC Damp Proof Course
DSMC Design Supervision and Management Consultant
DTW Deep Tube Well
DI Ductile Iron
DWSS Department of Water Supply & Sewerage
EA Executing Agency
EARF Environmental Assessment and Review Framework
EIRR Economic Internal Rate of Return
EMP Environmental Management Plan
EO Executive Officer
EOCC Economic Opportunity Cost of Capital
EPR Environmental Protection Rules
ES Environmental Safeguards
FEDWASUN Federation of Drinking Water & Sanitation Users-Nepal
FIRR Financial Internal Rate of Return
FSR Feasibility Study Report
FY Fiscal Year
GESI Gender Equality & Social Inclusion
GI Galvanized Iron
GoN Government of Nepal
PE Polyethylene Pipe
IA Implementing Agency
IEE Initial Environmental Examination
IRR Internal Rate of Return
LB Local Body
LG Local Government
LSGA Local Self Governance Act 2056 (1999)
MoWS Ministry of Water Supply
NDWQS National Drinking Water Quality Standard
NGO Non-Governmental Organization
NLSS Nepal Living Standards Survey
NPR /NRs Nepalese Rupee
NRB Nepal Rastra Bank
NRW Non-revenue Water
O&M Operation & Maintenance
OBA Output Based Aid
ODF Open Defecation Free
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OHT Over Head Tank

PAM Project Administration Memorandum
PE Polythelera Pipe
PMC Project Management Consultant
PMO Project Management Office
PPTA Project Preparation Technical Assistance
QA Quality Assurance
RP Resettlement Plan
RVT Reservoir Tank
SESF Social & Environmental Safeguards Framework
SSTWSSSP Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
STW Shallow Tube Well
STWSSSP Small Towns’ Water Supply & Sanitation Sector Project
TDF Town Development Fund
TL Transmission Line
ToR/TOR Terms of Reference
TSTWSSSP Third Small Towns’ Water Supply & Sanitation Sector Project
TW Tube Well
UfW Unaccounted for Water
USD US Dollar
UWSSP Urban Water Supply and Sanitation (Sector) Project
VDC Village Development Committee
WASH Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
WHO World Health Organization
WRA Water Resources Act
WS Water Supply
WSS Water Supply and Sanitation
WSSDO Water Supply and Sanitation Division/ Sub-division Office
WTP Water Treatment Plant
WtP Willingness to Pay
WUA Water Users’ Association
WUSC Water Users’ & Sanitation Committee
WWTP Wastewater Treatment Plant

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Salient Features
S.
Items Description
N.
1 Name of Project Rampurtar Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Pumping system from intake to GRVT and OHT to Distribution

2 Type
System by Gravity
3 Study Level Detailed Engineering Design
4 Location Area
Region/ Province Eastern Development Region / Province 1
Zone Sagarmatha
District Okhaldhunga
VDC/Municipality Molung Rural Municipality
Service Area Ward no 1: Kuntadevi area.
Ward and settlement Ward no 2: Rampurtar area.
5 Available Facilities
Road Yes, about 18km West from District head quarter, Okhaldhunga
Supply Water System WUSCs
Electricity Available
Communication Available
Health Services Available
Banking Facilities Available
6 Social Status
Present HHs Numbers (2018) 643
Present Population (2018) 4,757 ( incl rental 1,548)
Base Year Population (2021) 4,953
Design Year Population
6,507
(2040)
Average HHS size 4.99
Growth Rate % (WGR) 2%
Projected HHs in Design Year
994
(based on GR)
7 Water Demand (MLD)
Base Year (2021) 0.63
Design Year (2040) 0.82
8 Source Characteristics
Source Name Poktim khola and Odaremul
Source Type Stream and Spring
Source Location Molung 2
Source discharge (lps) Stream 20lps and Spring 7.5lps
Tapped discharge (lps) 9.8 ( stream 3.8lps and spring 6lps)
8 Type of Structures
Stream intake-1
Proposed intakes
Spring intake-1
For streamsource
Water treatment plant Floculator -1
Sedimentation tank-1
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S.
Items Description
N.
Roughening filter-1
For stream and spring
Slow sand filter-1
Disinfection -1
All pumpwill run at time
Pumping Details Stoage reservoir after WTP, 1st stage: 30HP 2nos
2nd stage pumping/ sump: 30HP 2nos
Ground storage at stage 1: 400cum
Ground Reservoir (No and Sump RVT at stage 2: 50cum
Capacity in CUM) RVT1:100cum
RVT 2/BPT:100cum
Interruption Chamber (IC) None
Valve Chamber (Bricks/
20Nos
RCC)
Pipe valve box 29 Nos
At Stage 1:
Guard house G1:1no
Office Cum GH (O1) /Guard Store house-1no
House (G1) / Small Guard
Boundary wall
House (G2) /Dosing House
At Stage 2:
(DH), Generator House (GH),
Guard house G1:1no
Boundary wall (BW)
Generator house
:1no
Store house-1no
Boundary wall
At Rampurtar RVT site:
Guardhouse G1- 1no
Office building -1no
Store house-1no
Dosing station-1no
Boundary wall
At RVT 2/ BPT:
Guard house G1:1no
Boundary wall
Household Connection (no) 643
Connection for institutions(no) 13
Fire Hydrant (no) 2
River crossing 1no
Length of pipe in transmission
main (from intake to 2,563.00m
Rampurtar RVT)
Length of pipe in Distribution
24,784.00m
pipe line
Total pipe length (m) 27,347.00m
Number of DMAs 2no
Total Cost of WS Component 265,638,171.17
9
(Inclusive of all ) NRs.
Cost Sharing Arrangement
10
(NRs)
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S.
Items Description
N.
GON Component (70 %) 185,946,719.82
TDF Loan (25 %) 66,409,542.79
WUSC's upfront (Cash 13,281,908.56
11
contribution 5%)
12 Tariff
Up to 6 cum/monthly (NRs) 25.0
7 to 10 cum/monthly (NRs) 30.0
>30cum 55.0
Institutional cum/month (NRs/ 55.0
cum)
Weighted av. Tariff 543.0
(NRs./HH/month)
13 Financial Indicators
EIRR (Base case), % 6.90
FIRR(Base case), % 7.17
AIFC ( Base case), NRs per 20.42
cum
AIEC (Base case), NRs per cum 22.42
14 Environment
ADB Category B, Only IEE necessary
IEE finding No significant adverse impact.
Per Capita Cost for W/S
15
component
Per Capita Cost (for base 53,631.77
year pop.), NRs
Per Capita Cost (for design 40,823.45

year pop.), NRs
Total cost of Sanitation 8,351,184.02

16
Component (including all), NRs
GON Component (85 %) 7,098,506.42
Local Authority (15 %) 1,252,677.60
Total cost of Water Supply 273,989,355.19
17 and Sanitation Component,
NRs
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Executive Summary
The Urban Water Supply and Sanitation (Sector) Project (UWSSP or the project) will build upon the on-going
efforts of the Government of Nepal in providing Water Supply and Sanitation (WSS) services in urban areas
of Nepal. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has supported the government in improving WSS services in
70 of the 176 small towns in Nepal through three earlier projects. Drawing on accumulated experiences and
lessons learnt from the successful implementation of earlier interventions, this project is proposed to fund
physical investments in WSS infrastructure and non-physical investments to improve service regulation,
monitoring and governance, and user participation in the water and sanitation sector in selected urban areas
(Urban Towns).
This is Detailed Engineering Design Report (DEDR) for Rampurtar Town Water Supply and Sanitation Sub-
project prepared in close consultation of stakeholders and submitted to the client to meet requirement of
Terms of Reference (TOR). The detailed engineering design is based on feasibility study report and its
options, field technical options, social, institutional and financial performances and data.
The Rampurtar is approximately 18km away from district head quarter Okhaldhunga. The capital city
Kathmandu joined at Khurkot following BP highway. From Khurkot the road follows mid hill highway to
Ghurmi to Harkapur then reaches to Okhaldhunga.
The service area of the proposed project covers the following area of Molung Rural Municipality in selected
Option II:
Ward no 1: Kuntadevi area.
Ward no 2: Rampur area.
The project area has been delineated in consultation with WUSC and the local community.
Existing Water Supply Situation
There exists water supply system in Rampurtar. It covers some part of the service area. Altogether 10
community taps serve water to about 200 households and remaining households are using water from
irrigation canal which is situated at upstream of village. The existing 20cum ferro-cement tank was used by
the community. This tank has been damaged during devastating earthquake of 2015. This system supplies
water only in Rampur tar ward no.2 of Molung Rural Municipality.
In Molung 1 (Kuntadevi), people are fetching their daily water demand from local sources and spring water.
Proposed Water Supply System
Two options were studied during FSR phase for the project. The detailed design of recommended option II is
carried out.
Recommended Option II: Supply Water from Poktim Khola and Odare Mul/ Spring by Pumping upto Service
Reservoir and Gravity to Distribution System
The project area has been delineated in consultation with WUSC and the local community. As per social
survey, total HHs and population are 643 and 4,757 (permanent 3,209 and rental 1,548) in 2018 with
average family size of 4.99.
The forecasted populations of the town are 4,953 and 7,022 in 2021 and 2040 respectively with growth rate
of 2.00 % in permanent population. The rental population is kept flat throughout the project period.
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The amalgamation of various demands based on accepted design criteria of TSTWSSSP has been
assessed. While calculating the nodal demand domestic consumption has been considered at ultimate
demand i.e. 100 lpcd. The total daily water demand has been estimated to be 0.63 MLD in the base year
2021 and this demand is projected to increase to 0.82 MLD by the end of design period in 2040.
The service area has been divided into 2 zone in option II. Each zone is served through dedicated reservoir.
Each service reservoir has it’s own service area. There are two District Metering Area (DMA) for the whole
system.
The selected source option is pumping in transmsission main and gravity in distribution system. Accordingly,
detailed design of the components are carried out.
Conventional filter such as floculator, sedimentation, roughening for stream source ( Poktim Khola). In
addition, slow sand filter and disinfection are designed for the use of spring source ( Poktim Khola and Odare
Mul).
Design Concept and Project components
The proposed service area will have two DMAs in selected option. In transmission main, intake to WTP will
have gravity system and after WTP, two stage pumping system in transmission main upto Rampurtar RVT
and gravity in distribution system. In this concept whole service area has been divided in to number of
service area with dedicated storage reservoir for that particular service area. Therefore, the main system
comprises of number of DMAs. The service area/ DMA has been divided on the basis of elevation difference
and proximity of reservoir site.
The transmission main, distribution system, service reservoir and DMA will have control mechanism with
bulk meter and valves so that it will support the principles of DMA and provide efficienet water management
in the new water supply system. The entire distribution network is to be supplied from multiple reservoirs.
The total supply of the sub-system has been divided into 2 to manage by two reservoir/ sub system.
The existing systems are very small, not well maintain and supplied water into limited area. The pipes are not
designed properly and not used in the new system due to their irregular in size, their water carrying capacity
and their conditions etc. Hence,the existing pipes are discarded in the new system and has been replaced by
new.
After flocculation chamber, plain sedimentation has been provided as a pre-treatment unit in all proposed
main WTPs. Detention time of about 3.5 hours has been kept in designing of each settling tank with design
2
load of 0.6 cum/sq. m /hour (ie 600ltr/hr/m ).In between plain sedimentation and slow sand filter, another
treatment roughening filter is designed. The filtration rate of 2.0 cum/sq.m/hr (2000 lit/m2/hour) has been
adopted for design.Slow Sand Filter as main filtration unit have been proposed in treatment plant. The
filtration rate of 0.15 cum/sq.m/hr (150 lit/m2/hour) has been adopted for design. SSF will have a depth of 2.9
m including free board of 0.20 m.
After treatment, the water will be stored at storage reservoir and pumped using submersible pump 2no
@30HP at each stage has been designed to pump the water from clear water reservoir to RVT -1 at
Rampurtar. All pumps will run at a time. Spare pumps are arranged into store.
The disinfection have been proposed. The dosing system comprises of electronic dosing pump with FRP
tank and stirring device. As the pump is automatic dosing pump of the electronic type, close housing is
recommended.
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The cumulative capacity of reservoirs are 650cum( 1st stage sump/ reservoir 400cum, 2nd stage reservoir
50cum, RVT1- 100cum and RVT2/ BPT -100cum). The detail calculation of reservoir sizing is provided in
Volume II (Annex 2). A minimum size of RVT is 50 cum and maximum 400cum capacity have been provided
at various location.
The transmission main of the system is 2,563.0m. The pipe sizes are GI 100mm and DI 150mm are used in
design.The distribution system pipe length is 24,784.0m of PE 100, PN6,10 and 16 are of 50mm to 225mm
used.
The total pipe length for the whole system is 27,347.0m. All PE pipes will be joined with electrofusion
technology. The disttibutionpipe of PE 100 PN6 having 50 and 63mm are not used in design because of
thinner thickness issue for electrofusion joint.
Similarly, PE 100 PN16 having dia 20mm is proposed for the house connections.The distribution system
comprises of a pipe network, which are looped in certain cases and branched in other. The network has been
analyzed using EPANET, a design analytical software tool. There are about 643 HHs connections through
PE mains including 50 HHs connections require drain crossing. No house connections are provision from DI
pipes. In addition, 13 institutional connection will be at service area. All connections will have water meter.
The system has been designed as private house connection comprising of about 15 m pipe PE-100, 20mm
outer diameter pipe of rating PN-16 and dry dial volumetric rotary piston type water revenue meter(15 mm
ND). Tapping of household connection in PE pipe has been proposed from PE saddle with ferrule.
In order to mange NRW in the proposed system, total system divided primarily into two DMAs. The DMAs
are independed eah other. Each reservoir will supply water into one DMA.
The DEDR is prepared based on Socio- economic profile submitted during FSR stage and people centered
activities of the service area. Social profile has been submitted separately.
Unit rate of most of the work items for the project has been established by utilizing Construction Norms of
GON (Second Revised Edition, 1993) and approved district rate for manpower and materials. If there is no
district rate for market price has been surveys and used accordingly.
The total costs of water supply component work out to be 265,638,171.17 inclusive of contingencies @ 15%
and VAT@ 13%. Likewise, total cost of sanitation component work to be NRs 8,351,184.02 including
contingencies 15% and VAT 13%.
The monthly water tariff for the use of 6 cum water is NRs 25per cum. The EIRR of the project is 6.90%.
Other financial indicator like FIRR is 7.17%.
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CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
The Urban Water Supply and Sanitation (Sector) Project (UWSSP or the project) will build upon the on-going
efforts of the Government of Nepal in providing Water Supply and sanitation (WSS) services in urban areas
of Nepal. It will help the country to meet Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) to ensure availability and
sustainable management of water and sanitation for all by 2030 and it is aligned with sector objectives laid
out by the government’s Fourteenth Plan, National Urban Development Strategy, and updated 15-year
Development Plan for WSS in Small Towns, which is to improve water supply and sanitation service delivery
in urban areas across Nepal. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has supported the government in
improving WSS services in 70 of the 176 small towns in Nepal through three earlier projects. Drawing on
accumulated experiences and lessons learnt from the successful implementation of earlier interventions, this
project is proposed to fund physical investments in WSS infrastructure and non-physical investments to
improve service regulation, monitoring and governance, and user participation in the water and sanitation
sector in selected urban areas (Small/Urban towns).
Department of Water Supply and Sewerage (DWSS) is the implementing agency whereas the Ministry of
Water Supply is the executing agency. The project will assist in implementing a part of the 15-year
Development Plan for Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Development in the country and about 20
Urban/ Small Towns will be covered by this project.
In this context, the Eastern Regional Design Supervision and Management Consultants (ERDSMC), joint
venture of TAEC Consultants P. Ltd. and Integrated Consultants Nepal (P.) Ltd. has been assigned to
provide services on detailed design of seven towns namely; Birendranagar (Chitwan), Katahariya (Rauthat),
Lalbandi (Sarlahi), Katari (Udaipur), Diktel (Khotang), Bhojpur Bazzar (Bhojpur) and Charikot (Dolakha) Town
Projects. In addition, Ilam, Brihat Bhanu (Tanahu), Sunkoshi Panchkhal (Kavre), Kanchanrup (Saptari),
Rampurtar (Okhaldhunga) and Deurali Hopse ( Nawalpur) are assigned for the preparation of FSR and
DEDR report.
The project has many stakeholders such as the WUSC, Project Management Office/ DWSS, DRTAC, Town
Development Fund (TDF), and Regional Design Supervision and Management Consultants (RDSMCs),
RPMO. There is a need for effective co-ordination among the various stakeholders. In this context, the
consulting team especially the major members of the Consultants’ Team including the Team Leader, socio-
economist and design engineer responsible for detailed design has been responsible for maintaining co-
ordination with all the stakeholders involved in the project.
This Detailed Engineering Design Report (DEDR) Report for Rampurtar Town Water Supply and Sanitation
Project is prepared in close consultation of stakeholders and submitted to the client to meet requirement of
Terms of Reference (TOR). The overall project strategy is to implement the project in people centered
manner by application of participatory approach. This project seems to be effective, reliable, achievable and
affordable. The project cost has been evaluated based on the principles of allocable, allowable and
reasonable.
UWSSP consists of many individual water supply town projects covering small towns in different areas of
Nepal. Rampurtar Town Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project is one of them being studied under
UWSSP. The major structures under this water supply scheme are intake, collection chamber, transmission
line, water treatment plant, reservoir, washout, air valve, distribution system, control valve and private taps
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connection, institutional connection. During operation stage private taps deliver 65 lpcd for yard connections
and 100 lpcd for fully plumbed connection.
As mentioned earlier, 30% of the estimated cost of water supply component (community may require to
share the sanitation cost also, which will depend upon the agreement between GoN and ADB) should be
shared by the users in terms of cash and loan. The contribution modality is as follows:
The project cost shared by users (beneficiaries) and GON in i.e. 30:70 basis. The users shall receive 25%
loan from Town Development Fund. The loan should be reimbursed within 25 years with an interest of 5%
per annum. Out of the remaining 30% of the cost, the users should deposit 5% of the total estimated water
supply cost in cash in the WUSC account prior to the four party agreement. The next 70% of the cost shall
be born by Government of Nepal under ADB loan. Further information of the Rampurtar Town Water Supply
and Sanitation Project is provided in sequential manner. The sanitation component, local authority will
contribute 15% of total sanitation cost and 85% of total sanitation cost contribute from GoN.
This report has been prepared carefully and with sufficient details during feasibility stage to minimize the time
for the preparation of DEDR of selected option.
1.2 RAMPURTAR TOWN WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION PROJECT
UWSSP has intended to implement about 20 urban towns' water supply and sanitation projects providing the
said facilities in its scope of work in urban/ small towns, immersed in different areas, of the country.
Rampurtar Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project is one of such town projects considered to implement
under UWSSP. The details of this town project are as follows:
1.3 LOCATION
The Project area of Rampurtar Town Water Supply and Sanitation Subproject lies in Molumg Rural
Municipality, Okhaldhunga District situated in hilly region in Sagarmatha Zone, State 2, Eastern Development
Region of Nepal. The Rampurtar bazaar is approximately 18km away from district head quarter
Okhaldhunga. The capital city Kathmandu joined at Khurkot following BP highway. From Khurkot the road
follows mid hill highway to Ghurmi to Harkapur then reaches to Okhaldhunga. The internal and external
road in the service area has mostly gravel and earthen. The project area lies its geographical coordinates
about 27021'16"N Latitude,860 26' 20" E Longitude. The town lies in the east from Okhaldhunga district head
quarter. The location of the project area is shown in Fig 1.1.
Figure1.1: Location Map of Project Town
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1.4 CLIMATE
The climate of the project area is warm and temperate with elevation falls between 1000m to 2000m. The
annual temperature is about 15.5 o C. The average mean annual rainfall is 1,709 mm, which is higher than
1400 mm, the average precipitation of Nepal. The more rainfall occur during summer as compared with
winter. The nearest climatological station no 1206 and 1207 are situated at Okhaldhunga and Manebhyang
respectively. The required data from this station is used for the project.
1.5 SERVICE AREA, POPULATION AND GROWTH RATE
Service Area:
Discussion was held with WUSC for the service area of new project. The initial discussion was held with
users committee. As the name of Rampurtar, it was envisaged that the majority of the settlement of
Rampurtar will be covered from this project. The WUSC has decided the following area in Rampurtar Town
Water Supply and Sanitation Project. The name of the major settlement of the service area of Molung Rural
Municipality is as follows:
Ward no 1: Partial area of Kuntadevi settlement.
Ward no 2: Full area Rampurtar.
Figure 1.2: Location Map of Proposed Service Area
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Population and Growth Rate:
The project area has been delineated in consultation with WUSC and the local community. As per social
survey, the present permanent population in the service area is 3,605 and rental is 1,548 (total 5,153
population) in 716 HHs in option I and permanent population 3,209 and rental 1,548 (total 4,757 population)
in 643HHs in option II. The average fanily size in option I is 5.03 and option II is 4.99 based on permanent
population.
The population growth rate of the Okhaldhunga VDC was 1.97% and the district growth rate was -0.57%.
The service area has negative growth rate based on the census data. It is informed by the community that
the people from outside migrant are increased significantly. This will be increased further after the availability
of quality water. The Table 1.1 shows that the population growth rate of the district and neighbouring former
VDC. The migration trend from village to the town is increasing order day by day after conflict resolution.
The average annual growth rate of Molung Rural Municipality is -0.26%. The growth rate is different at each
ward as shown in Table 1.2. The growth rate of the district and neighbouring Municipality is compared to
establish the growth trend. It is envisaged that the population will be increased than the present scenario
after implementation of the scheme. With this assumption, the growth rate 2% is adopted considering that
the number of household will be constructed along the both side of road within design year.
Table 1.1: Population and Growth Rate
Description Population Growth Population Growth Population Growth Population
1981 AD Rate % 1991 AD Rate % 2001 AD Rate % 2011 AD
Okhaldhunga District 137640 0.13 139457 1.17 156702 -0.57 147984
Okhaldhunga VDC 3761 0.83 4084 1.97 4963
Table 1.2 Details of population Status of Proposed Service Area

W. Area Census 2001 Census 2011 Growth
Ward Included wards
(Ha) HHs Pop HHs Pop Rate,%
1 1059.00 555 2616 583.00 2421 -0.77 Kuntadevi(1-9)
2 1457.00 699 3245 759.00 3180 -0.20 Baruneshwar (1-8)
3 983.00 218 1131 264.00 1165 0.30
4 1496.00 416 1934 454.00 1881 -0.28
5 568.00 336 1741 309.00 1429 -1.96
6 1837.00 407 2184 439.00 2185 0.00
7 2104.00 306 1665 348.00 1945 1.57
8 1743.00 430 2154 455.00 2039 -0.55 Rangadip(1-9)
Total 11247.00 3367.00 16670.00 3611.00 16245.00 -0.26
The present permanent population in the proposed service area in option I is 3,605 in 716 HHs. Out of the
total 3,605 permanent population, there are 1,781 male and 1824 female. Also there are 1548 rental
population. The permanent population of the project area at the end of design period of 23 years (1 year
survey year + 2 year construction + 20 years project life) is projected as 7,122 with an average annual
growth rate 2% applied in permanent population only. The water demand for this significant rental population
is kept in domestic demand category but their number kept constant through out the project period. Likewise,
in option II, the designed population becomes 6,507 including rental population.
The population growth rate percentage of the project area is determined based upon population census 1991
AD and 2001 AD, 2011AD of the Okhaldhunga district, former Okhaldhunga VDC and proposed service
area. This has been consulted with WUSC.
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1.6 SETTLEMENT PATTERN
The settlement pattern of project area is mixed type. The core bazaar area( Rampurtar)which is located in
ward no 2 is quite dense and populated than other wards of the Molung Municipality. Similarly, settlement
patern of the other wards 2 has rural type and it is quite scatered. However, the settlement pattern is
gradually changing and rural cluster are developing as market.
1.7 MAJOR COMPONENTS
The Rampurtar Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project has been formulated to supply required quantity
of water to ward no 1 and 2 of the Molung Rural Municipality. These villages and settlements around the
bazaar are growing up to be urbanised a satellite town of Siddhicharan Municipality (ie district headquarter).
The project shall comprise two major components. The first and the most important component is
construction of new water supply systems to augment the present and future water demand in the proposed
service area. However, due to available source nearby community for the existing system is not reliable for
the new system and is discarded. The second component is related with the improvement of sanitation
system by means of introducing institutional latrines, public latrine, collection and efficient managemenet of
soild waste of the town.
1.8 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT
For the preparation, implementation, operation and maintenance of the project following institutional
arrangement are already setup.
1.8.1 Water Supply and Sanitation Division Office
DWSS has its Division Water Supply and Sanitation Office at Okhaldhunga, the district head quarter of
Okhaldhunga District. This is largely responsible for the information of water supply and sanitation program
in the district. The division office will allocate the Water Supply and Sanitation Engineer (WSSE) and other
support staffs for the project. Or, the project may make new modality for the construction monitoring. The
WSSE will be assisted by the WUSC and DSC in all implementation and management activities of the town
project.
1.8.2 Water User's and Sanitation Committee
The project has been conceptualized on community based and participatory approach. Almost one third of
the project cost has to be mobilized and shared by the community. The community also will be responsible
for operation and management of the system after handover the project. So their active involvement in the
decision making regarding project preparation/ design, implementation, operation and maintenance has to
be ensured. In this regard, they will be represented in project related activities. The WUSC will take
necessary decision on behalf of the consumer community, will mobilize necessary fund for project
implementation as up-front cash and assist WSSDO in the project implementation. The WUSC will also
make necessary arrangement after completion of operation and maintenance period of the project.
The existing Rampurtar Water Supply and Sanitation Committee consist of 12 members representing from
various clusters within the service area. The executive committee consists of 9 male and 3 female members
and none of female member are working in key executive post of WUSC. According to the caste/ethnicity
status of WUSC body, Brahman/Chhetri, Janajati and Dalit groups occupy 7,4 and 1, respectively.
Initially , the WUSC was formed and registered in 2054 BS in Water Resource Committee, Okhaldhunga as
per the Water Resource Act-2049 and Water Resource Rule 2050 and involved in management and
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improvement of the water supply system in Rampurtar bazar. The name list and position of the existing
WUSC is given in Table 1.3:
Table 1.3: Name list and Position of the Existing WUSC in Rampurtar
S.N. Name Position
1 Mr. Ratna Bahadur Tamang Chairman
2 Mr. Pankaj Prasad Dahal Vice Chairman
3 Mr. Narayan Pd. Dahal Secretary
4 Mr. Baburam Dahal Treasurer

5 Mr. Yadav Prasad Dahal Member
6 Mr. Ramesh Khatri Member
7 Mr. ThumRaj Mate Member
8 Ms. Shanta Rai Member
9 Mr. Keshar Bahadur Tamang Member
10 Ms. Renuka Dahal(Chinimaya) Member
11 Ms. Nirmala Darji Member
12 Mr. Deg Prasad Dahal Member
1.9 ENGINEERING DESIGN
The Urban Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project are designed to be responsive to the
demands of consumers for improved WSS services. Consumer demand is most evidence by the willingness
to pay for these services. People receive project assistance to be helped themselves to build the kind of
facilities they desire and become ready to pay for the project implementation and O&M of such facility. The
willingness to operate and maintain the facility is the strong base of long-term sustainability of the project
components. Therefore, adequate interaction with community has been made to confirm the service area
delineation and to make critical decisions for the use of pipe materials, location of intake well/ sumpwell,
treatment plant, service reservoirs site, location of drainage section, location of public/ institutional toilets and
other sanitation activities etc.
1.9.1 Organisation of the Study Team
The several field visits were carried out by the Consultant team to prepare the report. The DSMC mobilized a
professional team for the review and update of former detailed engineering design of the town.
The team member of DSMC for the detailed engineering design of the project comprised as follows:
1. A.M.L Das, Team Leader
2. S.Aryal, Water Supply Design Engineer
3. S.B.Thakur, Water Supply Design Engineer
4. H.J. Adhikari, Environmental Specialist
5. S.Adhikari, Social Safe Guard Specialist
6. R.Subedi, GESI Specialist
7. I.M. Shrestha, Financial Experts and Economist
8. J. Chaudhary, Structural Engineer
9. P.S.Tater, Geo-hydrologist/ Hydrologist
10. S.Dangol, Electrical Engineer
In addition to above, other senior as well as support personnel were also involved during the field
and office work as follows:
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1. B.C.Devkota, Managing Director/ Senior WSS Engineer

2. N.Kayastah, Senior Engineer cum Environmentalist
3. P. Rana, Senior Engineer cum Quantity Engineer
4. A. Sah, Civil Engineer
5. S.Devkota, Civil Engineer
6. A. Bhatta, Financial Analyst/ Statistcian
7. Bhairab KC, Senior Computer Operator
8. S.B. Amatya, Sr. AutoCAD/ Draft Person
9. M. Shakya, AutoCAD/ Draft Person
10. S. Shrestha, AutoCAD/Draft Person
The consultants have engaged additional water supply engineer and socio-economist to start the works in
field as well as in office simultaneously in all four town projects. The Water Supply and Sanitation Engineer
(WSSE) along with surveyor was involved for the verification of survey works. Similarly, senior socio-
economist had monitored the social work being done in the field. The socio-economist had coordinated the
enumerators to do the social works in each town.
1.10 METHODOLOGY FOR DETAILED ENGINEERING DESIGN REPORT
The consulting services mainly consist of feasibility study and detailed engineering design of Rampurtar
Town Water Supply and Sanitation facilities. However, in the project implementation, the community bears
the large portion of the project cost of available facilities and has large say in the final decision of design and
construction activities. This requires a strong support to the community with a provision of information on the
socio-economic and environmental aspects as well as on the cost effectiveness. For this purpose, the
consulting services include the analytical information of technical, social, economical, financial and
environmental aspects of the proposed town project and require close coordination and interaction with the
users.
On the basis of the scope of work, gathering additional information during the desk study phase, review of
former available report and documents, feasibility study report, field visit and reconnaissance survey of the
town sites and the task to be carried out in the consulting services are identified and listed below in brief.
The following activities will be reviewed and carried-out necessary update during detailed engineering design
phase:
• Collect and review reports of feasibility study report and collect relevant information of the
project;
• Desk study of former FSR and other information.
• Field visit, field verification, field investigation, field survey works, detailed design works,
prepare, submit and disseminate Draft report
• Field Investigations, Field Verification and Survey Works include Mobilization of personnel
to carry out the detail engineering works; Collect and Review reports of detailed engineering
design and collect relevant information of the project; Cross verification of Socio economic/
demographic Survey. Confirmation of Service Area Delineation; Source Study; Water
quality test and confirmation of type of treatment plant requiring the water quality standard
as recommended in Nepal Drinking Water Quality Standards (NDWQS) or WHO guideline
for drinking water. Field verification/ confirmation of Engineering survey; address Land
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Acquisition and Resettlement if required for the construction of water supply and sanitation
facilities, Environmental Study.
• Population growth rate, Design Year and Population Projection
• Water demand calculation and Nodal Water Demand
• Intake/ sumpwell design
• Treatment plant design
• Reservoir sizing and peak factor
• Pipeline design, tools and pipe materials and household connection
• Design of sanitation facilities
• Preparation of working/ construction drawings, rate analysis and cost estimate
• Economical and financial analysis
• ToR, IEE study and preparation of EMP and EMAP
• Social inclusion action plan, gender equality/ action plan and implementation of Output
Based Aid (OBA) for the poor
• Preparation of bill of quantities, implementation schedule, technical specifications and bid/

contract document
• Final design report preparation
• Dissemination of reports and it’s finalization
• Agreement with WUSC, invitation of bid, bid evaluation and contract award.
1.11 STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT
The final detailed engineering design report comprises the following volumes with major contents:
• Volume One: This is the main report which includes salient features of the town project,
summary of technical design, water quality, social dimension, summary of economical and
financial analysis, tariff structure and environmental issues, land acquisition and
resettlement plan. Additionally, report on sanitation component chosen by the WUSC
including master plan of waste water sanitation works and storm drainage management
works has also been included.
• Volume Two: This volume includes appendices to water quality test report, detailed design
of water supply systems (water demand calculation, hydraulic and structural design of
treatment plant and service reservoir, nodal demand, detail pipe line design chart, pump
size, design of sumpwell well etc.), financial and economical analysis, detail design
calculation sanitation components, photographs, minutes of meeting, lab test report etc.
• Volume Three: This volume includes the analysis of rates, detail quantity survey, detail and
summary of cost estimates, community contribution and table of district rates with prime
cost materials.
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• Volume Four: This volume contains Construction Drawings, Tender documents including
BoQ; ICB or LCB separate bid documents; Technical Specification.
• Separate Volume: This volume contains Environmental Report. The IEE Tor has been
recently approved. The IEE report preparation is in progress.
• Separate Volume: Volume One- Tender documents including BoQ; Volume Two- ICB or
LCB separate bid documents; Volume Three- Technical Specification.
The main report is divided into the following chapters:
• Chapter I: Introduction
• Chapter II: Review of the Feasibility Study Repot
• Chapter III: Field Investigation
• Chapter IV: Detailed Engineering Design
• Chapter V: Project Cost Estimate of Water Supply System
• Chapter VI: Socio-economic Analysis
• Chapter VII: Financial and Economic Analysis
• Chapter VIII: Environmental Aspects
• Chapter IX: Conslusion and Recommendation
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CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF FEASIBILITY STUDY
The DSMC conducted a feasibility study on the town project. The study has established that the project is
feasible on the basis of technical, social, financial and environmental aspects.
On 17,18 January, 2018 a mass meeting was held at water supply and sanitation committee (WUSC) office
at Rampurtar, Okhaldhunga. The participants of the meeting included official of WSSDO, WUSC and
beneficiaries. The team members interacted with the officials and the general members of WUSC and
beneficiaries during initial field visit. The DSMC field team highlighted the concept of Urban/ Third Small
Town Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project. They also highlighted the technical, financial aspects and
socioeconomic aspects of the project. Discussions of various issues were held during floor discussion
session and quarries of the participants were clarified. The team visited existing water supply system
including service area, intake, reservoir, etc. The details of the meeting are provided in Volume II: (Annex–
7).
2.1 EXISTING SITUATION
2.1.1 Water Supply System
There is one small piped water supply system in the town using Jarange spring source. It covers some part
of the service area of ward no 2. Altogether, 10 community taps serve water to about 200 households and
remaining households are using water from irrigation canal which is situated at upstream of village. There is
20cum ferro-cement tank in existing system. This tank has been damaged during devastating earthquake of
2015 and is not repaired properly. This supplies water in only Rampur tar ward no.2 of Mulong Rural
Municipality. Beside this, people of former Rangadip VDC and Kuntadevi VDC are fetching water from local
sources and small spring water source. About 0.3 to 0.4lps water is used by the community and supply hour
2hour 2 times daily. Which is very very less for the new system and is discarded to the newely developed
water supply system.
The survey revealed that largest numbers of household about 91.2 (653) are fetching water from public tap
and only 1%(7) households are fetching from private tap by water supply system which is irregular and
interminant. Likewise, about 7.8%(56) householda are depends on canal/kuwa/spring etc. All households
reported that they use same source of water f or all purposes as drinking, cooking, bathing, washing clothes,
watering in kitchen garden etc. There is no treatment plant in existing systems. The water is directly
distributed in the service area.
2.1.2 Consumption Level
The water consumption level during dry and wet season is varies in the service area. Due to use of water
from public tap and Canal/ spring, consumption pattern and quantity do not vary between two seasons. The
survey revealed that water consumption level of each household is found to be 178.2 liters per day and spent
total time of about 67.5 minutes (per trip about 7.8 minutes) to fetching water. Similarly, total trips for
collections of water are about 9.8 trips daily. The per capita per day consumption is about 34.53 liters per
day.
2.1.3 Water Tariff
There is small existing piped water supply system. In addition, the communities are dependent in canal and
kuwa water. The communities are ready to pay handsome amount for piped water for the proposed water
supply and sanitation project. They are also aware of the quality of supplied water and economic in
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comparison to the water rate of vender. Hence, the communities are ready to pay the water tariff reasonably
fixed by the committee.
Now, they are fetching water through canal and kuwa, where the tapped aquifer is easily susceptible to
pollution and contamination. As there is hardship of water during dry season, quality of water is not good
and found polluted, they are ready to pay whatever may be the tariff only they need water in sufficient
quantity.
2.1.4 Sanitation
The sanitation practice is directly related with the quantity as well as quality of water supplied in the town.
This is also dependent on climatic condition, living standard, culture and awareness of the people in the
health and sanitation activities.
The sanitary condition of the Rampurtar area/community is satisfactory. There is no sewerage system in the
proposed service area. Almost all households in the urban areas have their own latrine with septic tanks.
Similarly, private toilet with septic tank has been constructed in some households in rural area also. Such
toilet with septic tank has been constructed in more than 73.4% HHs of service area. Hence, it is concluded
that the people of the service area are much more aware in sanitation.
In most of the area, there is no drainage facility. Most of the houses have their own toilets. Due to the
topography of the service area, water logging problem is not foreseen at present. It is reported by the
community, water logging problem and flood problem is not observed during rainy season.
The roadside drains are situated on main core area. WUSC is much more enthusiastic for the construction of
combined sewer and committed for necessary contribution. In the mean time, DSMC has explained the
concept and modality of the project for the construction of sanitary sewer, communal septic tank etc.
The community are not in position to contribute in both water supply and sanitation component
simultaneously. WUSC have discussed to contribute only in new WS system. WUSC will make a rule for
sanitation program and implement them.
The health and hygiene status of the community people is satisfactory. The very common water borne
diseases like typhoid, diarrhoea, jaundice, dysentery are noticed in the community people periodically.
2.2 IDENTIFICATION OF PROPOSED SERVICE AREA AND SOURCES
During pre feasibility study, the service area was proposed former VDCs wards Baruneshwor 1, 2, 3,
Rangadip 8, 1 and Kuntadevi 9. The service area delineation has been made through a long discussion
between WUSC, community and stakeholders. The major tole and villages of the proposed service area of
Molung Rural Municipality are as follows:
Ward no 1: Kuntadevi area.
Ward no 2: Rampur area.
The consultant team discussed about the source alternatives for the specified service areas. WUSC
members provided their views and choice regarding the source alternatives. There were two alternatives
studied during feasibility study. The option II is studied in detail for detailed engineering design,which is more
feasible and reliable than option -I. In the consequence, the detailed engineering is prepared using Poktim
khola and Odaremul water sources.
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2.3 WILLINGNESS TO CONTRIBUTE FOR WATER SUPPLY SERVICE
The WUSC and beneficiaries have expressed their willingness to contribute cash in stipulated amount and
time for the project implementation. WUSC has shown strong commitment for cash collection in time for
facilitation of the scheme implementation.
The commitment of the users to the project is the evident from the fact that they are paying water tariff
regularly. Instead of this, the difficult task for WUSC is to collect water tariff and upfront cash required for the
proposed new scheme. However, WUSC and communities have shown their strong commitment to collect
required amount in time due to the felt need of water in the service area. DSMC has explained approximately
project cost, up-front contribution per household and payback loan received from TDF and monthly water
tariff.
2.4 WILLINGNESS TO CONTRIBUTE IN SANITATION WORKS
The WUSC and beneficiaries expressed their willingness to arrange cash as per UWSSP/ TSTWSSP rules
in stipulated time for the project implementation of the sanitation works. WUSC has shown strong
commitment for the cash collection/ arrangement in time for scheme implementation. WUSC said that they
will get financial support from DDC/ RM for sanitation activities. Based upon these, some works on sanitation
activities are included in the system.
2.5 EXISTING SUPPLY DEFICIT AND DEMAND
The water consumption level during dry and wet season is varies in the service area. Due to use of water
from public tap and Canal/ spring, consumption pattern and quantity do not vary between two seasons. The
survey revealed that water consumption level of each household is found to be 178.2 liters per day and spent
total time of about 67.5 minutes (per trip about 7.8 minutes) to fetching water. Similarly, total trips for
day.The existing system is not used in the new system. Hence, total water will be brought from new source to
supply water into proposed service area. The new system will require about 9.80lps.
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CHAPTER III: FIELD INVESTIGATION
3.1 SOURCES
Field investigation has been carried out for the selection of source, transmission pipeline and distribution line
and different structures required for the scheme. The investigation shows that the proposed intake sites are
stable. There is no dispute in the intake site, pipeline alignment and structure locations. More information on
them is as below.
3.1.1 Existing Water Source
The is only one water system in the service area. The source Jarange mul is not reliable interms of location,
discharge. People are relying on other several small sources such as canal and kowa for fetching water.
3.1.2 New Water Source
The DSMC's professionals have discussed with WUSC and beneficiaries to identify the various alternative
sources that can be proposed for the scheme. During discussion with WUSC members and the community,
the only one source was discussed for the project. The possible two source alternatives were considered for
Rampurtar Town Water Supply & Sanitation Project are presented as alternatives for this improved water
supply system:
Reservoir and Gravity to Distribution System
Besides the search of water source, the investigation was concentrated for appropriate alignment of the
transmission and the distribution pipeline and locations of different structures required for the scheme. The
investigation shows that the proposed intake site is government land and Molung Rural Municipality will give
consent to WUSC to use the source and land for water supply activities. There is no dispute in the pipeline
alignment and locations of structures.
3.1.3 Sources Yield
The proposed sources for the service area are Poktim khola and Odaremul has about 20lps and 7.5lps
discharge respectively. Among the available discharge 3.8lps has been extracted from khola and 6lps from
mul/ spring for the project. The system requires about 9.80lps for the system. Water will be store at reservoir
and will be pumped. The pumping will be done only 16hours in a day will require 14.70lps.
The flow only 0.3 to 0.4 lps will be available from existing system require separate structures and not used
for the project.
3.1.4 Potential Source
The proposed new sources are potential for the scheme in terms of discharge and technically feasible.
Considering source reliability, negligible human intrusion, easy & less O&M complication. The source has
plenty discharge and meet the design demand.
Based upon the water available at the proposed water sources, it is deemed that the sources are reliable.
The sources are more reliable because it is situated nearby community and about 2/3 discharge will be taken
from spring source.
Page: 13
3.2 TECHNICAL VIABILITY OF THE SOURCES
The surface water is the most reliable sources for the proposed project. The proposed sources are
technically feasible regarding discharge and financially viable.
In recommended option, two submersible pumps at each stage of 30HP capacitiies are used to lift the water
from storage reservoir to Ground reservoir at Rampurtar. The pumps will be operated at a time. Hence,
transmission main mostly 2 stage pumping and distribution system is gravity supply system.
The system flow diagram of recommended option is provided in Fig. 3.1. The pump operation schedule for
each stage is given in Volume II: (Annex-3).
Page: 14
Figure 3.1: Schematic Diagram of Recommended Option
Page: 15
Gravity flow will deliver the water in entire service area from two RVTs. The existing source is not used in
new system.
3.3 ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION OF THE SOURCE
The surface water sources are considered environmentally safe in sanitation. The khola is flowing from north
to south and has no settlement near by intake area. The mul/ spring is situated beside khola. The possibility
of contamination of water at proposed intake sites due to human and animal intrusion can be totally ruled
out. However, some environmental works and boundary wall needs to be attempt for further safety
measures. Thes have been addressed in project cost estimate.
3.4 WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF THE SOURCES
In general, the water from proposed surface water sources need treatment. The water quality of existing
system and proposed sources are tested and found within NDWQS limit. The water quality of proposed
sources will be tested during rainy season also. The test result may vary time to time and season to season.
The single flash rain also detorirate the quality of water.
Hence, the floculator followed by sedimentation followed by roughening followed by slow sand filter and
disinfection have been proposed for strea water sources. Where as slosand filtrartion followed by disinfection
proposed for spring source.
The water quality test result of proposed and existing sources are presented in Table 3.1 to Table 3.2 and
also presented in the Volume II: (Annex -6).
Table 3.1 Center for Complete Scientific Solution

WATER TEST REPORT/CERTIFICATE
Entry No. : NCL – 487 (W) (3) – 05 - 2018 Date received : 03-05-2018
Sample : Water (Odare) Date Completed : 28-05-2018
Client : TAEC-ICON JV Sampled Date : 26-04-2015
Sampled by : Client Location : Okhaldhunga, Rampur
Generic Effluent
Standard
Observed
S. N. Parameters Test Method Discharged into
Value
Inland Surface
Water, GoN 2001
o
1 pH @ 21 C Electromeric 4500 – H+ B, APHA 8 5.5 – 9
2 Turbidity, (NTU) Nephelometric, 2130 B, APHA 3 -
3 Color, (Chromacity Unit) Spectrophotometric, 2120 C, APHA 0.10 -
4 Total Hardness as CaCO3, EDTA Titrimetric, 2340 C, APHA
64 -
(mg/L)
5 Calcium, (mg/L) EDTA Titrimetric, 3500 – Ca B & 3500 – Mg B APHA 14.43 -
6 Total Dissolved Solid, (mg/L) Oven Drying Method, 180°C, 2540 C, APHA 40 -
7 Gravimetric Method with Ignition of Residue, 4500 –
Sulphate, (mg/L) <1 -
SO4² C, APHA
8 Chloride, (mg/L) Argentometric Titration, 4500 – CI B, APHA <0.5 -
9 Residual Chlorine, (mg/L) Lodometric Titration, 4500 - CI B, APHA Nil -
10 Direct Nesslerization, 4500 – NH3 C APHA N.D.
Ammonia, (mg/L) -
(<0.05)
11 UV Spectrophotometric Screening, 4500 – NO3 B,
Nitrate, (mg/L) 0.37 -
APHA
12 Aluminum, (mg/L) Erichrome Cyanine R, 3500 – AI A: APHA 0.02 -
Page: 16
Generic Effluent
Standard
Observed
Value
Inland Surface
Water, GoN 2001
13 Fluoride, (mg/L) SPANDS, 4500 - F D, APHA <0.05 2, max
14 Iron*, (mg/L) 0.39 -
15 Manganese, (mg/L) <0.02 -
16 N.D.
Cadmium*, (mg/L) 2, max
Direct Air – Acetylene AAS, 3111 B, APHA (<0.003)
17 Lead, (mg/L) 0.02 0.1, max
18 Copper, (mg/L) 0.02 3, max
19 Zinc*, (mg/L) 0.01 5, max
20 SDDC, 3114 B: APHA N.D.
Arsenic, (mg/L) 0.2, max
(<0.01)
21 Cold Vapor AAS, 3112 B: APHA N.D.
Mercury, (mg/L) 0.01, max
(<0.0005)
N.D. : Not Detected

Remarks: All observed values complied the prescribed effluent standards discharged into inland surface
water.
Table 3.2 Center for Complete Scientific Solution
Center for Complete Scientific Solution

WATER TEST REPORT/CERTIFICATE
Entry No. : NCL – 125 (W) (2) – 09 - 2018 Date received : 11-09-2018
Sample : Water (Rampur TP: Okhaldunga) Date Completed : 21-09-2018
Client : TAEC-ICON JV Sampled Date : 10-00-2018
Source : Odare (Poktim Khola) Sampled By : Client
Generic Effluent
Standard
Observed
Value
Inland Surface
Water, GoN 2001
o
1 pH @ 21 C Electromeric 4500 – H+ B, APHA 7.6 5.5 – 9
2 Turbidity, (NTU) Nephelometric, 2130 B, APHA 13 -
3 Color, (Chromacity Unit) Spectrophotometric, 2120 C, APHA 0.07 -
4 Total Hardness as CaCO3, EDTA Titrimetric, 2340 C, APHA

124 -
(mg/L)
5 Calcium, (mg/L) EDTA Titrimetric, 3500 – Ca B & 3500 – Mg B APHA 25.65 -
6 Total Dissolved Solid, (mg/L) Oven Drying Method, 180°C, 2540 C, APHA 152 -
7 Gravimetric Method with Ignition of Residue, 4500 –

Sulphate, (mg/L) <1 -
SO4² C, APHA
8 *Residual Chlorine, (mg/L) Lodometric Titration, 4500 - CI B, APHA Nil -
9 Chloride, (mg/L) Argentometric Titration, 4500 – CI B, APHA 1.97 -
10 Ammonia, (mg/L) Direct Nesslerization, 4500 – NH3 C APHA <0.05 -
11 UV Spectrophotometric Screening, 4500 – NO3 B,

Nitrate, (mg/L) 0.37 -
APHA
12 Aluminum, (mg/L) Erichrome Cyanine R, 3500 – AI A: APHA 0.03 -
Page: 17
13 Fluoride, (mg/L) SPANDS, 4500 - F D, APHA <0.05 2, max
14 Iron*, (mg/L) 2.87 -
15 Manganese, (mg/L) 0.89 -
16 N.D.
Cadmium*, (mg/L) 2, max
(<0.003)
17 Direct Air – Acetylene AAS, 3111 B, APHA N.D.

Lead, (mg/L) 0.1, max
(<0.01)
18 N.D.
Copper, (mg/L) 3, max
(<0.01)
19 Zinc*, (mg/L) 0.08 5, max
20 SDDC, 3114 B: APHA N.D.

Arsenic, (mg/L) 0.2, max
(<0.01)
21 Cold Vapor AAS, 3112 B: APHA N.D.

Mercury, (mg/L) 0.01, max
(<0.0005)
*: Non-accredited Parameter N.D. : Not Detected

APHA: American Pulblic Health Association; AAS: Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer;
EDTA: Ethyelenediaminetetraactic acid; NTU: Nephelemetric turbidity unit; UV: Ultravoilet
Remarks: All observed values complied the prescribed effluent standards discharged into inland surface water.
3.5 RESETTLEMENT ISSUES
The team has critically studied / addressed the possibility of resettlement issues if some people are affected
due to the project implementation. Most of the pipeline route passes through the road and public land. All
required structures such as washout, collection chamber, etc. are located in public land. The proposed sites
for intake, reservoir, treatment plants, lab-building etc. are located in public land. There are no houses to be
displaced. Thus, land acquisition and resettlement problem will not be the issue for Rampurtar town project.
The following Table 3.3 shows the details of properties, public or private, which are likely to be intercepted
during the construction of pipe lines and other components of the project.
Table 3.5: Resettlement plan
S Rural Property Likely nature

Ward Stretch/ Location Length (m) Compensation
N Municipality intercept of damage
1 Molung 2 Stream and Spring 1 ropani Public land Permanent Not required,
intake beside left WUSC will manage.
bank of
stream
2 Molung 2 Structures: All major
structures Public land Permanent Not required,
For streamsource
are arranged
Floculator -1 in WTP site Molung Rural
Sedimentation tank-1 down stream Municipality will
proposed provide the land for
Roughening filter-1 the construction of
intake site
For stream and spring infrastructures.
require about
Slow sand filter-1 7.00 ropani
Disinfection -1 land.
3 Molung 2 Transmission main

from intake to WTP 2,563.0m The road Temporary Not required
and WTP to RVT-1 and barren
land will be
used.
Page: 18
S Rural Property Likely nature

Ward Stretch/ Location Length (m) Compensation
N Municipality intercept of damage
4 Molung 2 RVT-1, 2 At 2 location The public

requires 2.0 The public Permanent Not required,
ropani at land is used
each RVT Molung ural
site Municipality will
provide the land for
the construction of
infrastructures.
3 Molung 1,2 Distribution System
from RVT to 24,784.00m The road, Temporary Not required
household end barren land
and foot trail
will be used.
3.6 PROPOSED SANITATION IMPROVEMENT
3.6.1 Surface Drainage
As already mentioned earlier, the DSMC team had discussed with the WUSC about the sections where the
drainage facilities are most needed. There is storm water drain in main market area at both side of road
road. The service area is located in mild slope terrain, there is no water logging problem foreseen.
The WUSC is not decided to construct storm drainage. The conceptual design for surface drainage system
in the whole service area will be carried separated.
3.6.2 Sanitation Components
The sanitation practice is directly related with their hygiene consciousness. There is no separate sewerage
system in the proposed service area. But almost all households in the urban areas as well as in rural area
have their own latrine with septic tanks. About 99%(707) percent of household have latrine facilities and only
1 percent (9) does not have latrines in their house. The survey shows that about 44.6% (319) household
have water seal/ pour flush latrine where as 41.8% (299) household have ventilatd pit altirne. Similarly, about
12.4% (89) have pit latrine .
The conceptual design for sewer system including treatment plant in the whole service area will be carried
and submitted separately.
3.6.3 Solid Waste Management
The quantity of solid waste generated from the individual household is not high and managed by community
themselves. As the waste generated is mainly of organic nature, the waste has been used in kitchen garden
for fertilizer. During field visit it is observed that, there is wastage of solid waste at market area. Hence
plastic containers 100 nos are provisioned for the collection of these waste. Similarly, tractor is kept in cost
estimate to collect and dispose the waste of the town. This has been discussed with WUSC and community.
The waste of each household shall be collected at plastic container kept nearby house and then tractor will
collect these waste at regular interval and dump in safe place. The dumping site should be managed by
WUSC by either buying the land or taking the land in lease at safe location.
Page: 19
CHAPTER IV: DETAILED ENGINEERING DESIGN
4.1 DESIGN STANDARDS
The following design standards have been followed in detailed engineering design of the town project. The
standards are provided by the STWSSSP/PMO through its design guidelines and finalized after discussion
with DRTAC and DSMCs.
4.1.1 Design Period
The design period for water supply system in Nepal vary from 15-20 years for rural and semi- urban areas.
However, an increased design period will have economic and cost implications on the project. It is envisaged
that the construction of the project will be started in 2019 and will be completed in 2020. The design period,
is proposed in the Project, is taken as 20 years. Thus, survey and design year is 2017-2018. Initiation of
construction will be done in 2018, base year after the completion of the project will be 2021 and the design
year will be 2040. The overall duration of the development of the water supply and sanitation system is 3
years.
4.1.2 Population Growth Rate
During detailed engineering design, the average annual growth rate 2.0% has been adopted for the town
project which is marginally higher than the actual growth rate of the neighbouring Okhaldhunga VDC. The
details are presented in Table 4.1 and 4.2 above.
The adopted growth rate is based upon the present and future settlement pattern. It is envisaged that there
will possibly be constructed many houses along both side of the road within design year.
As per social survey, the present permanent population in the service area is 3,209 and rental 1,548 (total
4,757 population) in 643HHs. The average fanily size in option I is 5.03 and option II is 4.99 based on
permanent population.
4.1.3 Population Projection
The geometrical projection method has been adopted to estimate the design population according to
standard guidelines of the STWSSSP/PMO. The permanent population in the year 2018 in the proposed
service area is 3,209 in 643 HHs. The rental population at the town is 1,548. This is significant number in
comparison with the permanent population. Hence, the rental population is kept in domestic category and
kept constant throughout the project period.
The permanent population at the end of design year 2040 of 23 years (1 year survey and design + 2 year
construction + 20 years project life) has been calculated and found to be as 6,507 with average annual
growth rate 2.0% including rental population. The population of the year 2017-2018 is based upon the social
survey.
The following formula is used for determining the design population.

N
⎛ R ⎞
PN = P⎜1 + ⎟
⎝ 100 ⎠
Where,
P = Present Population
R = Annual population growth rate in percentage
Page: 20
N = Number of years
PN = Projected population at the end of the Nth year.
4.1.4 Service Level
The service level should be in accordance with the consumer needs, desires and willingness to pay. The
tenth plan approach paper highlights the need for the improvement of service level in emerging towns.
Service level improvement means essentially providing reliable and efficient supply predominantly through
house connections (fully plumbed), yard connections for low income household and poor house poor
households. The type of connection is based on social survey i.e. monthly income of each HH and choice of
the type of tap. The system is designed for optimum water demand. The per capita demand of 100lpcd,
65lpcd are proposed for fully plumbed, yard connections HHs respectively for financial analysis. The
households will obtain water through private house connections but their daily consumption is different. The
main features associated with the improvement on service level are continuous 24 hours supply of treated
water, which meet National Drinking Water Quality Standard (NDWQS), with a minimum of 8-10 meter of
residual head at service node as far as possible. In most of the places the residual head is maintained more
than 10m.
4.1.5 Water Demand
Water demand is one of the key factors in the formulation of any water supply project, which implicates in
project cost. Factors affecting the water demand are personal habits, industrialization and climatic condition,
reliability of supply, cost of water and availability of supplementary sources. The water demand is calculated
based on the present permanent population, rental population, population growth rate of the town, non
domestic demand of water for other purposes to cover the water demand such as hotels, restaurant,
schools, governments and non-government offices, fire fighting, filter backwash (if required) etc. Hence, the
total water demand includes domestic, institutional and industrial/ commercial demand, fire demand. The
domestic demand is determined based upon optimum use of water ie 100lpcd. Per capita water demand
figures used in the water demand calculation for various categories are presented in Table 4.1.
Table 4.1: Water demand
S.N Type of Demand Recommended Demand
1. Fully plumbed connections 100 lpcd
2. Yard connections 65 lpcd
3. Non domestic demand consists of rental/ floating population, 10% of domestic demand
institutional demand, commercial demand, fire fighting etc.
The rental population demand is kept in domestic demand category. But the rental population kept constant
throughout the project period. The non-domestic demand has been kept in higher side, to cover other
demand and number of institutions supposed to be increased in the near future.
The above recommended figures for various demands are based on the design standard established by the
Project Management Office (PMO) after discussion with PMC and DSMCs. Other demands to be considered
are leakage and wastage from the system. These have been assumed about 15% of the total of domestic
and non-domestic demand.
It is envisaged that the construction of the project will be started in 2019 and will be completed in 2020. The
design period is taken as 20 years. Thus key years for designing the project are 2017-2018 survey year,
2021 base year and 2040 design year. The project area has both urban and rural/ scattered settlement. The
average annual population growth rate is taken as 2.0%, which is based on the population census of
Page: 21
Okhaldhunga District, Service area of Molung Rural Municipality and Sidhhicharan Municipality from 2001 to
2011AD and service area wards. The geometrical growth rate has been adopted to estimate the design
population according to standardization/guidelines for the STWSSSP.
The present population at the project has 4,757 (permanent 3,209 and rental 1548) in 643 households.
Accordinlgy. the project has been designed to serve water during design year population of 6,507.
The total water demand for the project is calculated as 823,136 litres per day requiring 9.53lps. But the flow
14.70lps is designed in the transmission main considering filter backwash and 16hour pumping in a day
during design year. The optimum domestic demand for fully plumbed and yard connection has been
estimated at 650,700 lit per day. For non domestic demand (which include institutional, industrial/
Commercial, filter backwash demand, fire demand etc. at the rate of 10% of domestic demand is estimated
to be 65,070 litres/day. The technical leakage and wastage in the system have been assumed 15% of the
total of domestic and non-domestic water demand and found to be 107,365.50 litres/day. The detail of water
demand for various uses is presented in Volume II: (Annex -1).
4.1.6 Peak Factor
The peak demand in each pipe has been determined with peak factor 3.0. This has been determined from
reservoir consumption pattern.
4.1.7 Domestic Demand (fully plumbed, yard connection)
The daily demand primarily consists of daily house - hold needs i.e. drinking, washing, cooking and hygienic
needs. Service connection has been categorized into fully plumbed connection, yard connection and
community connections.
Each type of tap connection has different rate of water consumption. The percentage of the population
served by each category has been estimated through socio-economic survey. Rate of consumption per
person is based on the design guidelines of STWSSSP/ PMO.
Water demand has been based also on the living standard of the people. The change in the types of
connection from connection of taps for poor households to yard connection to fully plumbed connection will
reflect the increase in their living standard of the beneficiaries. The percentage of different types of tap
connection is based on the present situation of the community. There is no community tap proposed in the
service area.
The type of tap connection is based upon the social survey data, which is based upon the monthly income
and willingness to connect the type of tap. Connection of taps for poor households will supply water for each
HH through OBA. Every year the percentage of taps connection for poor households shall be gradually
decreased due to increasing in their living standard and they goes from yard to fully plumbed connection.
Hence, it is estimated that most of the HHs shall collect water either from fully plumb or from yard connection
during design year.
The percentage of type of tap connection for domestic demand during development period (2019-2020) is
assumed to be same as survey year 2018 and increase gradually from base year 2021 because the system
supplies the water from 2021 only. The total water demands, comprises of both domestic and non domestic
demand. The details of the daily domestic water demands have been presented in Table 4.2:
Page: 22
Table 4.2: Domestic water demand

Water Demand in Survey Water Demand in Base Water Demand in
Description
Year 2018 (lpd) Year 2021 (lpd) Design Year 2040 (lpd)
Domestic
475,700 495,300 650,700
demand
Based upon the individual household income, the domestic demand for each type of connection is further
divided for the financial analysis using the different water demand for each type of tap connection. The detail
water demand calculation for optimum design of the system and water demand for financial analysis of each
alternative is presented in Volume II: (Annex-1).
4.1.8 Non-Domestic Demand (Institutional, Commercial and other Demand)
Non-Domestic Demand includes water required for institutional, commercial, fire fighting and filters back
wash (if required). As per STWSSSP/PMO deign guidelines for non domestic demand should be in between
8 to 10% of total domestic demand. The figure 10% of domestic demand is considered for Rampurtar town.
Because of the town lies in flat area and settlement of the rural municipality supposed to be increased.
People use more water than the hilly area. Water demand for three types of institution, such as educational,
government/ non-government offices and the health facilities have been included in this category.
Institutional Demand
The water demand for various types of institution, such as educational, governments, non-government
offices and health facilities have been included in the project.
Commercial Demand
Commercial water demand includes the demand for commercial activities such as hotels, restaurants,
factories and cinema halls. The commercial demand has been estimated according to STWSSSP guideline.
The commercial demand is distributed in distribution line proportionately. The water demand is determined
based upon domestic demand.
Fire Demands
Water demand for fire fighting must be considered in the design of water distribution system. Although the
annual volumes of water required for fire fighting are small, the demand may be high during the short period
of need. The fire demand may be estimated using the followings equation.
(
Q = 3.80 p 1 − 0.01 p )
Where, Q = fire flow rate m3/min
P = Population in thousands
(This equation was recommended by the National Board of Fire under writes- NBFU, USA)
The requirement of water for fire fighting may be small as compared to the total water supply. But the rate of
consumption during fire is very high. The fire fighting demand is included in non domestic demand. This has
been proportionately distributed in each distribution line based upon the domestic demand in respective line.
The non domestic water demand for three types of institution, such as educational, government/ non-
government offices and the health facilities, commercial demand and fire fighting demand have been
included this category, which is shown in Table 4.3.
Page: 23
Table 4.3: Non-domestic water demand

Description Water Demand in Water Demand in Base Water Demand in Design
Survey Year 2018 (lpd) Year 2021 (lpd) Year 2040 (lpd)
Non-Domestic
47,570 49,530 65,070
demand
4.1.9 Wastage and Leakage
In a W/S system there is a certain amount of water that is lost or unaccounted because of meter & pump
slippage, leakages through the system components & unauthorized connections. Provision in the design for
the unaccounted system losses is generally made in the range of 10-15 percent of the total water demand.
For the design purpose, 15% of total of domestic and non-domestic water demand have been considered for
wastage, leakage or uncounted water use as specified in STWSSSP/ PMO guidelines. The Table 4.4 shows
the quantity of water estimated for leakage and wastage in the system.
Table 4.4: Leakage and wastage demand
Water Demand in Water Demand in Base Water Demand in Design
Description
Survey Year 2018 (lpd) Year 2021 (lpd) Year 2040 (lpd)
Leakage and
78,490.50 81,724.50 107,365.50
Wastage
4.1.10 Total Water Demand
The total water demand for the project is calculated as as 823,136 litres per day requiring 9.53 (9.80lps) lps
to supply in the distribution system. The pump will be operated 16hours daily during design year required
14.70lps.
The calculation of water demand for various uses is presented in Volume II: (Annex -1). The Table 4.5
shows the total water demand in different uses.
Table 4.5: Total water demand in different uses
Water demand (lit/ day)
SN Description Water Demand in Water Demand in Water Demand in
Survey Year 2018 (lpd) Base Year 2021 (lpd) Design Year 2040 (lpd)
1 Domestic 475,700 495,300 650,700
2 Non Domestic 47,570 49,530 65,070
3 Leakage and
78,490.50 81,724.50 107,365.50
wastage
4 Total demand
601,761 626,555 823,136
(lit/day)
The domestic demand during design year has been estimated 650,700 litres/day and institutions, industrial
and other demands, daily water requirement is 65,070 litres. The ratio of domestic demand to total demand
is 79.05%.
4.1.11 Consumption Pattern
The capacity of distribution system to meet the designed water demand at the desired time is determined by
the service area consumption pattern. This consumption pattern is used to determine the balancing storage
tank capacity. Therefore, it is essential to establish the type of consumption pattern. The consumption
pattern of a typical terai system recommended by the design guide lines have been used in the feasibility
design of the scheme. The recommended consumption pattern for typical hill system is presented in Table
4.6.
Page: 24
Table 4.6: Consumption pattern

Hours Percentage of daily demand
05:00 – 07:00 25
07:00 – 12:00 30
12:00 – 17:00 15
17:00 – 19:00 15
19:00 – 05:00 15
Based upon the above consumption pattern, the peak factor has been calculated and found as 3.0 and is
applied for the design of distribution system.
4.2 PIPE MATERIALS
GI and DI pipes are used in branch transmission design. Where as PE100 pipes are used in distribution
system design. The GI 100mm and DI pipe of 150mm are used in transmission main, which deliver the water
at RVTs.
All distribution pipe line are designed using PE-100, PN 6 to PN16 pipes. PE pipe shall be joint with
electrofusion technology. The leakage from the electrofusion joint is almost nil, if pipes are joint properly.
The PE-100 pipe of 50 mm - 225 mm dia have been used in distribution line design. PE-100 PN6 pipe of dia
50mm and 63mm are not used due to it's lesser thickness and will not allow to join the pipe with
electrofusion technology. Instead of this pipe, PN 10 pipe of dia 50 and 63mm are used. The design
considerations and choose of pipe materials are based upon velocity, pressure, type of road section,
minimum maintenance requirement, reliable water supply etc.
4.2.1 Pressure and Velocity
There must be enough residual head or pressure at all the service nodes of a water system to account for
the unforeseen settlement/ situation during operation. As per STWSSSP/PMO guidelines, a minimum
residual head of 8-10 meters has to be maintained at all service nodes as far as possible. Hence, the
residual head at each pipe node has been maintained more than 8m.
Similarly, there should be minimum cleansing velocity in the pipe sections. An attempt been made to have at
least 0.2 m/sec velocity in all pipe sections. However, the pipe size governs the velocity at dead end pipe
line for few stretch of pipe length. To maintain the minimum velocity in all pipes the nodal demand is
increased at end node to maintain minimum velocity and pipe size. This will help to meet the future demand
in particular area where the houses will be built in the near future.
4.3 DESIGN APPROACH
4.3.1 General
The design should be responsive to meet the demands of consumers for improved water supply and
sanitation services. Consumer demand has been indicated by willingness to pay for these services. People
receive support and project assistance to build the kind of facilities of their desire and the people become
ready to pay for the services received from such facility. This will also help in detailed engineering design of
the project for strong bearing on long-term sustainability of the project. Therefore, adequate interactions
have been made with WUSC and communities and this shall be continued during detailed engineering
design phase.
Page: 25
It was required to involve the community in confirming the service area delineation and making important and
critical decisions such as use of pipe materials, selection and location of intake site, treatment plant site,
reservoir site and type of tap connection and their numbers, and institutional latrine, public toilet, solid waste
management activities etc. In this way, the communities were involved in decision making procedure to get
their views and decision in some critical area of economy and technology. At each and every stage of
feasibility study period, the preliminary design has been carried out in consultation with the WUSC and
community. There is nominal trend of migration from rural/ hill areas towards the municipality. In addition to
this, increasing living standard, health and sanitation awareness also shall contribute to increase water
demand. Also quality aspects are responsible for increased or decreased demand. In this case per capita
water supply ranging from 100 lpcd for fully plumbed connection to 65 lpcd for average income and poor
households, 24 hours supply and full coverage of the delineated service areas and provision of treated water
in NDWQS standard is the main objective of STWSSSP/PMO.
In order to achieve the above standard and objectives, existing piped system source has been discarded and
new water sources are used in the design during feasibility study with necessary inclusion of water treatment
plant in the system. The proposed source is different for each alternative. The recommended option Poktim
khola and Odaremul is partial pumping and partial gravity. This shall be discussed with community before
finalization of detailed design.
4.3.2 Service Area
Discussion was held with WUSC for the service area of new project. The initial discussion was held with
users committee. As the name of Rampurtar, it was envisaged that the majority of the settlement of
Rampurtar will be covered from this project. The WUSC has decided the following area in Rampurtar Town
Water Supply and Sanitation Project. The name of the major settlement of the service area of Molung Rural
Municipality is as follows:
Ward no 1: Partial area of Kuntadevi settlement.

Ward no 2: Full area Rampurtar.
As per the HH survey record, there are 643 households having present population 4,757 ( permanent 3,209
and rental 1548) in 643.
4.3.3 Proposed Sources and Intakes
Regarding the water sources, the team has discussed with the WUSC members, local bodies, concerned
beneficiaries and key personnel’s of the project area. As per the information given by the community people
during mass meeting, there are two reliable source available in the area. They are demanding to use Poktim
khola with Odare Mul surface water source rather than using Sepli khola water. The reason to choose the
second source is the accessibility, future operation and maintenance and spring source is used in the
design. The study is carried out using both sources as an alternative. The DSMC team had closely
monitored and verified the use of sources in the project area during the survey period for preparation of the
inception report. This has been continued during till DEDR phase. The yields of these sources are much
more than required. So the population of the project area becomes benefited to use water for longer time.
The alternative study using these sources are discussed below briefly.
Reservoir and Gravity to Distribution System.Poktim khola water source is situated in Molung Rural
Municipality, boundary of ward no 2 and 8 about 2000.0m South West form the Project area (ie Rampurtar
Page: 26
bazaar). It has more than 20 lps discharge. Only 3.8lps will be drawn from Poktim khola and remaining 6lps
will be drawn from Odaremul. The Odaremul is situated beside Poktim khola intake site.
The gravity flow from intakes to WTP about 600m length will have two separate pipe. After WTP, water will
be pumped by 2 stage pumping to reach water into service reservoir. The source supplies 9.80lps water for
the project area.Hence, the total estimated transmission pipe line length ie intake to rampurtar GRVT is
2,563.0m. The site for intakes and transmission route are stable.
The proposed sources and service area delineation is shown in Volume II: (Annex -7). During discussion
with WUSC members and the community, the two alternative sources were discussed for the project and the
best one have been recommended for the detailed design. Similarly, this will be discussed in detail during
workshop of feasibility study report presentation with WUSC and community. However, preliminary
discussion has been held at PMO on 11 June, 2018 and concept has been developed. The recommended
option has intake to WTP gravity, WTP to Rampurtar RVT, 2 stage pumping and then gravity to distribution
system.
4.3.4 Design of Electrical System
The proposed scheme has only one pumping station for 2 stage pumping which needs power for water
extraction from storage reservoir. Hence, all electrical system are designed as new together with over head
transmission line. It is envisaged that both pump will run at a time at each stage. Accordingly the transformer
and other components are designed. The capacity and number of pumps at various stages are as in Table
4.7:
Table 4.7: Capacity and Number of Pumps
Number and capacity
Location Remarks
of pump (Option-II)
Stage I (at 400sum storage reservoir site) 2 nos × 30 HP All pumps runs at a time
Stage II (at sump or 50cum rvt site) 2 nos × 30 HP All pumps runs at a time
Spare pump is arranged at store for replacement, if any one will not function properly, can be replaced
immediately. Each stage will have separator generator for backup but single transformer is designed for two
stage.
The transformer and diesel generator is designed as follwing in Table 4.8:

Table 4.8: Transformer and Diesel Generator in Option I and II
Pump 1 30 HP 22.5 KW
I stage Pump 2 30 HP 22.5 KW
Pump 1 30 HP 22.5 KW
II stage Pump 2 30 HP 22.5 KW
Other load 5 KW
Total load 95
Safety factor 1.25
Net total load 118.75
Capacity of Transformer 148.44 KVA
All pump will be operated at a time
Adopt :Capacity of tranformer 150 KVA
Capacity of generator
1.25times the capcity of transformer
Size of Generator 185.55
Keep geneartor 1 no ( rated power) of each 160 Kva
Page: 27
¾ Distribution System: The power cables from control panels to each load is calculated to satisfy the
following criterions:
• Current carrying capacity of the cable is enough to carry the full load current continuously.
• Maximum voltage drop in the cable is less than 2% of the system voltage.
¾ The control panels at pump house are provided with the Star-Delta starter to reduce the high
starting current drawn by the pump-motors.
4.3.5 Transmission Main and Pumping
Transmission line is the pipe line length from intake to reservoir. The transmission line passes via road,
barren land and public land. Each option has individual transmission main. The the length of transmission
main 2,563.0m.
The water will be pumped from WTP using 30HP- 2 nos at each stage to deliver the water from WTP to
Rampurtar reservoir. Two stage pumping is designed. Disinfection will be done before it stored in the
ground storage reservoir at WTP site. The details are kept in Volume II: (Annex -2). The ground RVT
supplies water to two DMA/ distribution system.The size of pump, pump operation schedule of each pump is
presented in Volume II (Annex -3).
4.3.6 Treatment Plant and Chlorination
Based upon the water quality, secondary data available, discussion with community in the surrounding of
the service area, the system is designed with floculator, sedimentation tank, roughening filter, slow sand filter
and disinfection for khola source . While using spring/ mul source, only slow sand filter and disinfection are
proposed as water treatment process.
An emergency feeder line consisting of a solution tank connected with feeding tank having a constant level is
proposed for the chlorination. Bleaching powder 1.04kg/day and 1.37kg/day required during base and design
year respectively. After disinfection some part of the lime will be settled at the bottom of the ground reservoir
as residue. This residue shall be removed through washout. The washout pipe will be connected with the
drain. The detail calculation and design of treatment plant and water quality test result etc. are presented in
Volume II: (Annex-2 and 6).
4.3.7 Service Reservoir
The whole system is divided into two DMAs. The system is designed by using multi reservoir concept. The
capacities of reservoirs are Ground storage at stage 1- 400cumSump, RVT at stage 2- 50cum, RVT1:100cum,
and RVT 2/BPT-100cum. But the service area has been separated due to topography of the town.
The total storage requirement for the system at the end of the design period shall be about 650 m3 respectively.
This capacity is splited and will be constructed at various location. All reservoirs will supply the water in
independent/ separate sub-service area.The calculation of reservoir size for each alternative is presented in
Volume II: (Annex -2).
4.3.8 Distribution Main and District Metering Area
Distribution system comprises a pipe net work, which is designed in loop network system by using EPANET-
2.4 software. EPANET software is used for the analysis of the water supply network. The base demand,
elevation of each node, reservoir head and distance from node to node are the basic input data for the
Page: 28
software. Socio economic survey data is used to determine the nodal/ base demand considering the demand
for rapid settlement growth. The engineering survey data is used for the length of the pipe and elevation of
the nodes. The software works for unlimited nodes. The input data should be given directly in the software
after constructing the model. The software works for both loop and dead-end system.
There are three different methods for the determination of the head loss. But two methods can be used for
the determination of head loss in pipe. The Hazen-Williams formula is the most commonly used head loss
formula for water only. The Darcy-Weisbach formula is the most theoretically correct formula for all flow
regimes and for all liquids. Hence, Hazen-Williams formula is used in pipeline design.
The roughness coefficient used in Hazen-Williams formula for the use of GI, DI and PE pipes is used 110,
120 and 130 respectively. The entire new distribution system has been designed by using PE-100 pipe. The
PE-100 pipes of outer dia 50mm to 225mm dia have been used in the design. The minimum pipe size used
in the design is PE100- 50mm, which governs the velocity. PE100 pipe above 4 kg/cm² pressure are
proposed in the distribution net work design as per technical requirement. PE100 PN6 pipe of 50mm and
63mm pipes are not used in the design due to technical difficulties to join the pipe with electrofusion
technology. Instead of these, PN10 and PN16 pipes are used. All PE pipes will be joined using electrofusion
technology. The washout and air valve have been arranged in the distribution system in control valve/ pipe
valve chamber, where possible. In some nodes the residual head is considered high to maintain the residual
head in the downstream node. The details input data and output of distribution system network design of
Rampurtar Town Project are presented in Volume II: (Annex -2).
The flow in each line has been calculated based on the socioeconomic survey data and possibility of rapid
increment of settlement in the near future. Pipe valve box/ Control valve has been proposed at suitable
junction to regulate the design flow in each pipe line and to stop the flow in the particular area without
affecting the other area during repair and maintenance. All distribution line passes along the road net work
and public land. The both side distribution line has been proposed in core bazaar area, black top road and
road will be black topped in the near future and single line pipe has been design in remaining area.
The pipeline is designed by adding 10% extra length of actual one. The estimated distribution pipeline length
is 24,784.00m. The design of distribution line network and water demand at each node for the proposed
service area is calculated and presented in Volume II: (Annex -2). The distribution system is designed in
consideration with District Metering Area (DMA). Each DMA will have bulk meter to determine the flow into
respective service area. These are 2 DMAs in service area to supply water from service reservoir. Each
DMA has dedicated reservoir. DMA boundary is fixed depending upon the elevation difference, location and
easy for operation and maintenance is presented in Fig 4.1.
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Figure 4.1: Distribution Network
Page: 30
4.3.9 House Connections
The household shall connect the tap to their household by directly from main distribution pipe.The average
15m length of 20mm dia. PE 100-PN16 pipe with compression joint, joined with GI fittings and valves upto to
meter for each HH connection. There will be 656 connection in the system during base year. The meter shall
be kept near and adjoining the compound of the houses. After meter, each HH should extend the pipe them
selves as they desire. The necessary fittings have been designed. Electrofusion saddle has been proposed
to join the HH connection at main pipe to connect ferrule in the saddle.
Two types of tap stands have been designed for the project. At the end of the design period, it is anticipated
that about 80.33% of the total household shall have fully plumbed, 19.67% of the total household shall be
served through yard connection. The poor house connect tap at free of cost through OBA. There will be total
798 fully plumb and 196 yard connection tap connected during design year. Intotal, there will be 1,007
including institutional connections 13 during design year. The details of the tap connections in different year
are presented in Volume II: (Annex -1).
4.3.10 Bulk Water Meter
The bulk water meter is designed at various locations in the distribution system to ascertain the leakage in
the distribution system. The main bulk meter is kept at the outlet of service reservoir, DMA outlet and other
are kept in various loop network. Each bulk meter will provide the quantity of water supplied in the particular
area and leakage in that area can be determined calculating the HH consumption.
4.3.11 Types of Connections
Consumers have been classified in three categories depending on their income level. The consumers having
high level of income requiring more consumption of water are placed in fully plumbed category, consumers
having medium income and medium consumption level and consumers of low income group and who can’t
afford tariff of fully plumb connections and use less water through tap connection at their household will be
benefitted through yard connection. The social survey has been carried out. The poor household will get tap
free of cost with OBA programme. However, WUSC has to reconfirm the poor household during
implementation of the scheme.
The cost estimate of the taps for all household and institution have been included in project cost estimate.
During execution of the project, the poor household shall connect tap from OBA facilities with recommend of
WUSC.
4.3.12 Washout Valve
Washout valves have been provided at depressions points in the pipeline, where necessary. The purpose of
the valve is to clean the debris collected in the pipeline. Sometimes the valve can also be used for the
maintenance of the pipe line without closing the whole distribution system.
4.3.13 Air Valve
Air valves have been designed to release the air accumulated in the pipes. The water flowing through pipes
always contain some air. This air tries to accumulate at the highest points and may interfere in the flow by
narrowing pipe opening area. Air relief valve is provided in the distribution pipe near the overhead reservoir
to provide the exit for such accumulated air. Also the automatic air release valve is provided in distribution
system at several locations.
Page: 31
4.3.14 Control Valve
The purpose of the control valve is to regulate the required flow in each distribution main from the junction/
node. Sometimes it can be used for the maintenance of distribution system in particular area without closing
whole distribution system. A control valve is provided in the system where there are more than two branches
from one junction or where it is necessary. Control valves have been designed in suitable distribution
junctions having more than two mains and in required places to regulate the design flow in the main. The
design flow in each pipe line is based on design population, non domestic demand and system wastage and
leakage. The future demand in the main may fluctuate and the control valve/ regulating valve shall be useful
to deliver the required flow in pipe line. In total, there are 29nos. pipe valve box and 20 washout/ air release/
control valve chambers are designed in the distribution system.
4.3.15 Generator House
A Generator house is designed at WTP site. Generator supplies power mainly for both sumpwell and WTP
pumps, when there is no regular power from NEA. The generator of 160kVA (rated power) shall be used
during power failure at the town.
4.3.16 Laboratory Building cum WUSC Office Building and Guard House
A laboratory building cum WUSC office building has been designed and proposed to be built in RVT-1 site at
Rampurtar. Guard house type -1 and 2 are proposed at WTP, pumping stage and RVT site. The preliminary
water quality test kits are arranged for regular water quality monitoring. It is included in the project
components of the system.
4.3.17 Boundary Wall
Angle post barbed wire fencing above stone/ brick masonry wall has been proposed to protect the structures
such as sumpwell/ intake, office building, generator house, WTP and reservoirs.
4.3.18 Summary of Major Project Component
The Rampurtar Town Water Supply Project has been designed as a pumping system which will supply water
from Poktim khola and Odaremul surface water source. The water shall be brought by gravity upto WTP and
treated water will be stored at clear water reservoir then two stage pumping will be carried out to deliver the
water into service reservoir RVT-1 at Rampurtar. From RVT-1 water supplied into DMA 1 and RVT2/BPT/
DMA2. One generator house, treatment units and disinfection arrangement, ground water reservoir, WUSC/
laboratory office have been proposed for the system. Likewise, guardhouse is proposed at each service
reservoir site. Similarly, the distribution system, household connections, electrical and electromechanical
works are the major components of the project.
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CHAPTER V: PROJECT COST ESTIMATE OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
5.1 INTRODUCTION
The rate analysis of the Rampurtar Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project has been calculated using
district rate of fiscal year 2074-2075BS (2017-2018AD). The rates of non local materials not provided in the
Okhaldhunga district rate are taken from Udayapur and market price. The transportation cost is added in the
materials rate to transport the materials at specified location. Some items having no GoN norms, practical
experience has been used. 15% contractors' overhead and profit has been included in rate analysis for all
items of works used in the project design. However, this is not included in pipe rate.
The rates of materials and pipe not provided in the district rate are taken from the prevalent market price.
The rate of DI pipes and fittings are used from previous report.
The quantity estimate of the structures and pipes has been calculated. Based upon the calculated rate come
up from rate analysis and estimated quantities, the item wise cost of each component has been calculated in
detail. The cost of each component has been added to obtain the total cost of water supply system. The
project cost includes 10% physical contingencies, 5% price contingencies and 13% VAT.
The detailed cost estimate of Rampurtar Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project is presented in Volume
III.This chapter deals the project cost estimate of water supply component and the cost of sanitation
components decided by the WUSC, tractor and solid waste collector are included in the project cost estimate
separately.
5.2 CAPITAL COST OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
The project cost for the development of new water supply system at Rampurtar Town Water Supply and
Sanitation Project is NRs. 265,638,171.17. The rate analysis of the Rampurtar town has been calculated
separately using Okhaldhunga and Udayapur district rate of fiscal year 2074-75BS (2017-2018AD). The
rates of non local materials not provided in the Okhaldhunga district rate are taken from market price. The
transportation cost is added in the materials rate to transport the materials at specified location. The quantity
estimate of the structures and pipes has been calculated. Based upon the rate and quantity, the cost of each
component has been calculated. Necessary revision shall be attempt during detail engineering design
phase.
The cost includes contractors' overhead and profit, 10% physical contingencies, 5% price contingencies and
VAT. The contractor has to operate the system during base year. The water supply cost estimate including
the sanitation agreed by the WUSC has been estimated separately is presented in Table 5.1
Table 5.1 SUMMARY OF COST (Water Supply Component)
Total Cost
S.N Description of items Qty Unit Rate (NRs)
(NRs)
A. General Item 1 12,246,500.00 12,246,500.00
B. Civil Works
1 Stream Intake 2 Nos 3,693,574.61 7,387,149.22
2 Route Structures in Transmission line 1 Nos 13,799,460.21 13,799,460.21
3 River Crossing (upto 25m length) 1 Nos 483,032.01 483,032.01
4 Collection Chamber 2 Nos 300,611.57 601,223.14
Baffle Channel Flocculator
5 1 Nos 562,733.32 562,733.32
(4.6mX1.5mx1.2m, 1 unit)
Page: 33
Total Cost
S.N Description of items Qty Unit Rate (NRs)
(NRs)
Sedimentation Tank (8.5mX3mX3m, 1
6 1 Nos 3,836,241.04 3,836,241.04
unit)
Horizontal Roughening Filter
7 1 Nos 1,404,572.45 1,404,572.45
(6.5m*1.75m*1.5m, 2 Unit)
Slow Sand Filter (17.8m*7.2m*1.5m, 2
8 1 Nos 14,956,080.69 14,956,080.69
Unit)
9 Reservoir Tank/ BPT -
9.1 50cum capacity 1 Nos 1,427,082.39 1,427,082.39
9.2 100cum capacity 2 Nos 3,269,434.94 6,538,869.88
9.3 400cum capacity 1 Nos 10,334,671.45 10,334,671.45
Valve Chambers (10 Brick
10 1 Set 4,257,253.55 4,257,253.55
masonry+10RCC)
11 Pipe Valve Box (29 Nos) 1 Set 321,425.07 321,425.07
12 Office building at RVT 1 Nos 9,420,650.66 9,420,650.66
13 Guard Houses
13.1 Small Guard House (GH1) 3 Nos 1,406,984.97 4,220,954.91
Medium Guard House with Store room
13.2 2 Nos 1,987,131.61 3,974,263.22
(GH2)
14 Dosing pump house 1 Nos 528,835.49 528,835.49
15 Generator house 2 Nos 1,587,693.69 3,175,387.38
Pipe laying works (27347m), (Single
16 1 Set 12,020,634.31 12,020,634.31
and Double pipeline works)
Approach Road and Reinstatement of
2
17 Roads (4517m Gravel and 1000m 1 Set 18,685,825.50 18,685,825.50
approach road)
18 House connections (643+13) Nos) 1 Set 9,109,366.20 9,109,366.20
Boundary wall, boundary gate and
19 1 Set 1,189,829.75 1,189,829.75
fencing
Sub-Total (B) 128,235,541.84
C. Pipeline Works
1 Pipes 1 Set 25,242,913.64 25,242,913.64
2 PE/GI/DI Pipe Fittings 1 Set 16,160,090.29 16,160,090.29
Sub-Total (C) 41,403,003.93
D. Electrical and Mechanical Works 1 Set 11,523,900.25 11,523,900.25
Sub-Total (D) 11,523,900.25
E. Others
1 Apparatus and equiments for laboratory 290,000.00 290,000.00
2 Tools and equipments 1,545,408.00 1,545,408.00
3 Day works 704,968.00 704,968.00
One year operation and maintenance
4 8,466,354.12 8,466,354.12
cost
Sub-Total (E) 11,006,730.12
Total (A to E) 204,415,676.15
F. Contingencies 15% 30,662,351.43
Total 235,078,027.58
G VAT 13% 30,560,143.59
Total 265,638,171.17
Page: 34
SUMMARY OF COST (Sanitation Component)
S.N Description of items Qty Unit Rate (NRs) Total Cost (NRs)
1 Institutional Toilet 1 Nos 1,850,770.46 1,850,770.46
2 Public Toilet 1 Nos 2,525,688.95 2,525,688.95
3 Tractor 1 LS 2,000,000.00
4 Dustbin/ Bucket 100 Nos 500 50,000.00
Sub Total 6,426,459.41

Contingencies 15% 963,968.92
Sub Total 7,390,428.33

VAT 13% 960,755.69
Total, NRs 8,351,184.02
5.3 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
The sustainability of the project depends on the adequate and effective operation and maintenance
mechanism of the project. After the handover the project, WUSC is the main stakeholder and will be
responsible for the operation and maintenance of the system. The WUSC has to raise fund for the operation
and maintenance cost and repayment of loan taken from TDF through the collection of tariff against the use
of the water from consumers. The major components of the operation and maintenance cost for the
proposed system are as follows:
Personnel Cost: Some technical and administrative staffs are needed for smooth operation and maintenance of
the project. The numbers of staff are required for the operation of the system and their expected monthly
salaries for base year 2018 based on the prevalent market rate in the area are given in Table 5.2.
Table 5.2: Personnel cost
SN Description of Items Nos Rate/Month (NRs.) Months Total (NRs)
1 Manager/ Administrative Officer 1 40,000.00 13 520,000.00
2 Civil Overseer 1 25,000.00 13 325,000.00
3 Accountant 1 20,000.00 13 260,000.00
4 Pump Operator/ system operator 2 18,000.00 13 468,000.00
5 Meter Reader 3 18,000.00 13 702,000.00
6 MaintenanceWorker/ Plumber 3 18,000.00 13 702,000.00
7 Watchman 2 15,000.00 13 390,000.00
8 Peon 1 15,000.00 13 195,000.00
Total of 5.2 (NRs.) 14 3,562,000.00
It is assumed that the monthly salary has to be increased at every year by 3%.
Operation Cost: The other cost required for operation of system includes the cost of bleaching powder,
monthly rate of transformer, electricity cost, cost of diesel for generator. These cost are based upon the use
of pumps. The operation cost for base yaer 2021 is NRs 3,423,483.30 and for design year 2040 is NRs
8,002,293.82.
The details of each alternative are kept in Volume II: (Annex- 2). The Table 5.3 shows the other cost for
operation during base year.
Page: 35
Table 5.3: Other Cost for Operation

Rate,
SN Description of Items Unit Quantity Cost, NRs.
NRs.
Chemical cost
1 Bleaching powder kg 381.06 62.63 23,865.45
2 Electrical
Transformer charge ( 150 KVA -
1nos) Kva 150.00 2640.00 396,000.00
3 Pump operation by electricity

(total pump 4@30HP )
Energy cost using electricity (95%) unit 395,295.00 6.23 2,462,687.85
Energy cost using generator (5%) unit 20,805.00 26.00 540,930.00
Total of 5.3 3,423,483.30
The rates of chemical, electricity are assumed to be increased by 3% every year.
Maintenance Cost: The maintenance cost for the project consists of spare parts, and regular maintenance
(i.e. labour, plumber etc.) works. The maintenance cost for base year 2021 is NRs 1,480,870.82 and design
2040 is NRs. 3,096,514.74. The maintenance cost has been estimated is presented in Table 5.4 for base
year 2021. The details are kept in Volume II: (Annex -2).
Table 5.4: Maintenance cost
SN Description of Items Unit Remarks
1 Spare Parts 500,000.00
2 Regular maintenance of the system 980,870.82 Assumed 25% of
each Table 4.12
and Table 4.13
spare parts
Total of 5.4 1,480,870.82

Total of 5.2,5.3 and 5.4 8,466,354.12
The rates of spare parts are assumed to be increased by 3% every year.
Initially, operation and maintenance of the system should be carried out according to operation and
maintenance manual. The WUSC need to select required person deputed during O&M and DLP, so that they
can run the system smoothly after hand over the project to them.
Page: 36
CHAPTER VI: FINANCIAL AND ECONOMICAL ANALYSIS
6.1 INTRODUCTION
Rampurtar Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project (RTWSSP) is a participatory project in which users
participate actively during planning, construction, Repair & Maintenance (R&M) and Operation and
Maintenance (O&M) during the project period. 2019 to 2045). Additionally the Water Users’ Committee
(WUSC) is expected to expand its capacity as per the future population growth.
The project is designed with two options which differ in the total amount invested and Operation and
Maintenance cost leading a different water price per cubic meter water and different level of economic and
financial benefits.
The proposed RTWSSP is designed to provide continuous, adequate and safe water supply to 643 to 1097
households during the project period 2021 to 2045. The water will be supplied to households of town through
house connections. The system will also supply drinking water to academic, government and private sector
institutions for 24 hours without any interruptions through 13 connections.
The target population of Rampurtar town was 4,757 in 2018, of which 67.5% (3,209) were permanent
residents and the remaining 33.5% (1,548) were rental population. The estimated annual growth rate of
population is 2.0% which will lead to 7,022 persons in 2045.
It is planned that there will be 388 (60.3%) households with fully plumbed connections while the remaining
255 households (39.7%) will have yard connection. Thirteen institutions including commercial, industrial and
schools will have separate connections by the end of 2045.
During 2018, all required survey and design work has been completed. Year 2019 and 2020 will be the
construction period and all the connections will be completed and the water supply system will be fully
functional from 2021. Details of water demand, number of connections required and beneficiaries served are
given in Volume II (Annex -5).
The project will be managed and run by WUSC with the participation of local consumers, local government
authorities and others. This will provide increased autonomy and enhancement of local managerial
capacities for the operation and maintenance of similar projects.
6.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE ANALYSIS
Both the financial and economic analysis was carried. The economic analysis is concerned with the broad
social impacts of the project i.e. the point of view of society as a whole and not just the impact on the direct
project participants. All costs and benefits are defined in terms of the opportunity foregone because the
resources required for the project cannot be used in the best available alternative investment. Market
imperfections and distortions, particularly taxes, duties and subsidies are not considered in the economic
analysis. The financial analysis of WUSC is carried out to assess the financial implications of the project and
find out whether the committee would be able to raise enough funds required for annual operation and
maintenance costs and periodic capital replacement costs. The analysis is carried out based on market
prices that include government taxes, duties and royalties and subsidies on capital or for operating the
project.
Though both the financial and economic analysis is carried, more focus was given to financial so that the
project is financially viable, water price is affordable and accessible by poor households.
Page: 37
6.3 ASSUMPTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
The proposed economic and financial analysis was based on the key assumptions as following for
I. All costs and benefits are expressed in late 2018 prices.
II. Construction of the project will start in 2019 and completes in 2020.
III. The distribution of water will start from the beginning of 2021.
IV. Wage rate for skilled labour does not increase significantly
V. Following advice from the Bank, a Shadow Wage Rate (SWR) factor of 0.70 has been
applied to the costs of unskilled labour to obtain economic costs.
VI. The project cost is estimated including physical and price contingencies respectively as 10%
and 5% of basic cost and 13% VAT of the total cost of the three costs.
VII. Economic capital costs include physical contingencies but exclude price contingencies and
interest during construction.
VIII. The economic opportunity cost of capital is assumed to be 12% per annum, which
represents the social opportunity cost of capital (SOCC) for Nepal.
IX. The financial opportunity cost of capital (FOCC) is assumed to be 4% per annum equivalent
to calculated weighted average capital cost (WACC) of the project.
X. Each project component is assumed to have a useful life of 50 years after construction.
XI. Design period of the project is assumed to be 25 years.
XII. Community will share at least 5% of total capital cost in cash with the balance of funding
provided by GoN as a grant (70% of the cost) and through Town Development Fund (TDF)
loans (25% of the cost).
XIII. Loan is repaid over 20 years after project commissioning (with a five years grace period) at
an interest rate of 5% on the outstanding balance. Debt service costs are based on table
mortgage with equal annual payments over 15 years.
XIV. Tariffs are set out in progressive block structure with a lifeline block of 0 - 6 cum per month,
7-10 cum per month second block, 11-15 cum per month third block and 16-25 cum fourth
block. Different tariff rate will apply to institutional users.
XV. The average Household Size of the project area is 4.99 persons.
XVI. Average income households are assumed to consume water at an average rate of 135.3
litres per capita day (lpcd) or 20.6 cum per month per household. Lower income households
are assumed to consume water at an average rate of 100 lpcd or 15.18 cum per month per
household. Similarly, the poor households will consume 65 litres water per capita per day
(lpcd) or 9.9 cum per month per household. The institutional taps will supply 47,507 litres
water per day from 39 connections which is 1,447 cum per month.
XVII. Average income of a) lower income households, b) average income households and c)
higher income households are estimated at NRs. 6,000, NRs.10,000 and NRs.20,000
respectively on the basis of the findings of socioeconomic survey.
Page: 38
XVIII. The project is analysed over a period of 25 years.
XIX. The water meters connected will be replaced in every 7 years.
XX. The residual value of any civil structures and pipes is assumed to be 50% of initial cost for
economic analysis.
6.4 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
6.4.1 Project Costs
6.4.2 Capital Costs
The capital costs of the project are based on the least cost project that meets design capacity requirements
to year 20. The economic capital costs are calculated by applying a standard conversion factor (SCF) of 0.9
on the costs of materials before VAT to get rid of any taxes and duties. The costs are estimated based on
market prices in 2019.
The total cost of the project which includes initial construction cost, periodic meter replacement, E&M
replacement and O&M cost for 25 years operation is estimated to be NRs 669.54 million at 2018 cost. The
distribution of total project cost among initial Cost, Meter Replacement, E&M Replacement (10%), Pump
Replacement Cost and O&M Cost in NRs million are 265.64 (39.7%), 2.04 (0.3%), 0.58 (0.1%), 7.68 (1.1%)
and 327.2 (48.9%). The 25% TDF loan amount 66.41 million rupees is actually 9.9% of the total project cost
spread over 25 years.
Table 6.1: Project Cost by Cost Component
Unit: NRs Million
Construction Cost E&M
Meter Pump O&M Total
TDF Loan Replacement
Total Replacement. Replacement Cost Cost
(25%) (10%)
265.64 66.41 2.04 0.58 7.68 327.20 669.54
39.7% 9.9% 0.3% 0.1% 1.1% 48.9% 100.0%
The initial cost of the project is NRs 265.64 million rupees. Of the total initial cost, GoN will provide 70%
grant worth 185.95 million Nepalese Rupees which is 44.4% of overall cost of 419.05 million rupees.
Over the period of 25 years, the project is expected to supply 18,496,324 cubic meter water.
The pricing of water is proposed based on quantity of water use that optimizes the progressive taxation while
it ensures the access of poor/low income people to WSP supplied water.
The overall price of one cubic meter water produced is estimated to be NRs 35.75. The price of per cubic
meter water ranges from NRs 25 to NRs 55. The poor households will pay the lowest rate NRs 25 while the
better-off households will pay NRs 45 for each cum water. The institutional users will pay at rate of NRs 55
per cum water.
6.4.3 Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Costs
The O&M cost is estimated based on personnel costs, cost of bleaching powder, costs of electricity, costs of
parts, cost for water tests and other operation and maintenance costs. Over the period of 25 years, the total
O&M cost of the project is estimated to be 327.2 million rupees with an average of 13.63 million rupees per
year. The O&M cost alone is about 48.9% (327.2 million rupees) of the project life cost. The details are
presented in Volume II: (Annex -5).
Page: 39
6.4.4 Capital Replacement Costs
The water meters are planned to be replaced on every 7 years. The water meter replacement will begin on
2028 (the 8th year of operation of project) and continue till the end of 2045. The economic replacement cost
of one meter is estimated at NRs. 2400.
The total capital replacement cost is estimated to be NRs 10.3 million or 1.5% of the overall cost of
project.The estimated cost of meter replacement is NRs 2.4 million whose share in the total project cost is
0.3%. Similarly E&M replacement cost assumed at 10 percent of initial investment is 0.58 million (0.1% of
total project cost
6.4.5 Average Incremental Economic Cost (AIEC)
The AIEC is the present value of all the economic capital investments and economic operating costs
throughout the project life divided by the total water produced over the period. AIEC is expressed as
economic cost per cubic meter of water produced.
The AIEC of water and wastewater provides a measure of cost of producing, treating and distributing water,
and the collection and disposal of wastewater under the sub-project. It is used to determine economic tariffs
and gives an estimate of the economic subsidy.
Survey in 2018 showed that households spend about 76.44 minutes each day to fetch 178.2 litre water.
Using the district unskilled labour wage rate NRs 555 per 8 hour work and SWR 0.7, the cost of per cum
water fetched before project situation is NRs 347 while the overall weighted average price of project
supplied water is NRs 35.75. The calculated AIEC is NRs. 22.42 per cubic meter water. The details of
calculations are given in Volume II: (Annex-5).
6.5 PROJECT BENEFITS
Quantifiable benefits are generally derived from non-incremental and incremental water sales under the
project.
6.5.1 Non-incremental Water Sales Benefits
Non-incremental water sales benefits are the resource cost savings in terms of time savings of the water
consumers who were spending more time to obtain additional water from other sources besides the tap
water in the without project situation. The time saving is the major economic benefit to the project. Time
taken in collecting households’ daily water requirements was assessed during the socio economic survey.
Non-incremental Water Sales Benefits in with project situation is hence estimated based on the recorded
current water fetching time, trips per day, and existing water consumption levels during wet and dry seasons
and daily wage rate of an unskilled labour in the project area during socio-economic surveys.
In the project area, households are spending annually 58 work days equivalent time in fetching 65.04 cum
water which is valued to NRs 22,582 at NRs 555 per day wage rate of un-skilled labour and SWR ratio 0.7.
On the project situation, households will be paying NRs 543 as water tax per month which will yield NRs
6,516 for one year. Thus the households will save NRs 16,066 per year when using project supplied water.
The per capita per day water use before project is estimated 65 litre. The project will increase the per capita
daily water use to 100 litre with a net increase 35 litre per day per capita.Details of calculation of Non-
incremental Water Sales Benefits are shown in Volume II: (Annex -5).
Page: 40
6.5.2 Incremental Water Sales Benefits
Incremental water demand is the net demand of proposed demand and existing demand. The incremental
water sales benefit is calculated using willingness to pay of the households of project area, existing water
demand, proposed water demand and estimated leakage based on socio-economic and engineering surveys
in the project area.
The time value of one CUM water fetching before project situation is estimated to be NRs 347. The overall
average price of project supplied water is NRs 35.75 per cum. The time value of water fetching compared to
project proposed water tax will be reduced to 10.3%. The Detailed calculations are shown in Volume II:
(Annex-5).
6.5.3 Benefit from the Value of Unaccounted-for-Water
The project assumes 15% water leakage. At least 25% of leakage water will be used by nearby communities
for other than WAS purposes like in vegetable farming, animal feeding, etc.
6.6. ECONOMIC EVALUATION
The calculation of Economic Internal Rate of Return (EIRR) of the project is based on the economic benefits
expressed in terms of resource costs savings.
The calculated EIRR of the project is 6.9 which shows the project is economically beneficial. Details of
Benefit Cost Analysis are given in Volume II: (Annex 1.3).
The result of Poverty Impact Assessment (PIA) shows the value of PIR is 11.9% and the percentage of poor
people in the area is also 25.3. This shows that the project benefits the poor. Volume II: (Annex-1.3) shows
the breakdown of costs and results of PIA.
6.7. FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF WUSC
As a part of the evaluation of the project, financial analysis has been carried out for a period of 25 years to
examine whether the WUSC could meet annual capital costs, annual O&M costs and routine capital
replacement costs at the set tariffs.
The result of financial analysis sowed that the project is financially viable. In the normal proposed situation
the FIRR is 6.94% followed by 5.1%, 5.3% and 3.4% for the risks factors i) Cost Remained Same and
Revenue Decreased by 10%, ii) Cost Increased by 10% and Revenue Remained Same, and iii) Cost
Increased by 10% and Revenue Decreased by 10% respectively.
At the worst situation with Cost Increased by 10% and Revenue Decreased by 10%, the project will be
gaining by 3.4%.
6.8. PROJECT COSTS
6.8.1 Capital Costs
Total financial capital cost of the project is calculated by applying 10% physical contingency cost and 5%
price contingency cost of basic cost and 13% VAT on the total of the three costs of the materials and tap
connections. The calculated financial cost is NPR.669.54 millions. The details of calculation of financial cost
are given in Volume II: (Annex-5).
Page: 41
It is assumed that the users would contribute 5% (NRs 13.28 million) of the sub-project capital costs in cash.
GoN will provide a grant of 70% (NRs 185.95 million). The remaining 25% cost (NRs 66.41 million) will be
borrowed from TDF at 5% annual interest and 25 years maturity including a 5 year grace period.
The project will need to replace several tools and devices such as water meter, E&M equipment, water pump
sets. The project will recover water meter replacement cost (NRs 2.04 million). E&M replacement cost (0.58
million), Pump Replacement (7.68 million) and O&M cost (327.2 million) from water charge during the project
period of 25 years.
6.8.2 Annual Capital Costs
The major capital investment will be made within the 2 years construction period. The total investment
estimated is NRs 265.64 million which includes NRs 8.47 million of O&M cost to be used in the base year.
On an average, the financial cost of one connection is estimated to be NRs. 13,886.
6.8.3 Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Costs
The O&M costs of project options are estimated based on personnel costs, cost of chemicals, costs of
electricity and other operation and maintenance costs.
The total O&M cost over the project period of 25 years is estimated to be NRs 327.2 million which is NRs
13.63 million per year. The details of financial O&M costs and the process or deriving those costs are given
in Volume II: (Annex-5).
6.8.4 Interest on Term Loan
The interest on term loan is 5% per annum from the disbursement of the loan. It is proposed that the loan
amount be repaid as table mortgage (fixed sum per annum) over a period of 25 years with a five years grace
period. Over the grace period interest will be capitalized and added to the loan amount to be repaid. From
the sixth year users' committee will pay fixed sum per annum over a period of 15 years. 50% of the
capitalized interest amount during the grace period will be repaid in the sixth year. Details of calculation of
table mortgage are given in Volume II: (Annex-5).
6.8.5 Routine Capital Replacement Costs
The financial cost of meter replacement is estimated to be NRs.2400 per connection.
6.8.6 Average Incremental Financial Costs (AIFC)
The Average Incremental Financial Cost (AIFC) is used to determine financial tariffs required to achieve full
cost recovery and the level necessary to achieve recovery of O&M costs and debt payments.
AIFC gives a measure of the extent to which the project financial costs (capital and O&M costs) are
recovered in the proposed tariff. This then gives an estimate of the financial subsidy.
The calculated AIFC of the project is NRs. 20.75 per cum of water. Details are given in Volume II: (Annex-
5).
6.9 FINANCIAL BENEFIT
6.9.1 Tariff Structure
The source of benefit to the WUSC will be the tariff collections from the customers. Tariff structure is
developed based on household incomes and consumers’ affordability.
Page: 42
Tariffs are set out in progressive block structure such as NRs. 25.00 per cum of water for a lifeline block of 0-
6 cum per month, NRs. 30.00 for a second block of 7-10 cum per month, NRs 33.00 for the third block of 11-
20 cum per month, NRs. 45.00 for the third block of 21-30. The institutional users will pay the highest rage i.e
NRs 55.
The calculated monthly water charge for low-income households (average monthly family income 6,000 per
month) that represents 25.3% of the project population is NRs. 247 (4.1% of monthly income). Similarly, the
monthly water charge for low and average income households (average monthly family income NRs 10,000
and NRs 20,000) is set to NRs 501 and NRs 9025 respectively. The low and average income households
represent 49.7% and 25.0% of the total project population. Table 6.2 shows Tariff for HH connection.
Table 6.2: Monthly Tariff per Household Connection
Monthly Tariff per Household Connection
% of HH Average
Cum/month Rs./HH/Month
Income Rs./cum
i. Poor Income HH 9.9 247 4.1% 25.00
ii. Low Income HH 15.2 501 5.0% 33.00
iii. Average Income HH 20.6 925 4.6% 45.00
Weighted Average Water Cost
(Rs/HH/Month) 543 35.75
iv. Community 0 0 55.00
v. Institutional 1,507 82,860 55.00
The tariff for all non-domestic water consumers such as institutions, industries etc is set at NRs 55 per cum
on use basis.
The minimum charge for Private Connections is set out to be NRs 247.00 per month per household which is
4.1% of monthly income of poor income households.
The tariff structure and rates are set to obtain revenue so that the cash flow is at least positive and such that
WUSC at least would be able to maintain the system. The tariff structure and rates are as given in Volume
II: (Annex -5).
6.10 FINANCIAL POSITION OF WATER USERS' COMMITTEE (WUSC)
As a part of the evaluation of the project and determination of affordable tariffs, financial projections for the
project implementation are prepared for 25-year period to demonstrate whether the WUSC could meet O&M
costs, debt service and routine capital expenditures at the set tariffs.
The financial internal rate of return (FIRR) of the project is 6.94%.
The financial projection and cash flow analysis of the project shows encouraging results. The WUSC will be
able to collect enough revenue from the very first year of the project operation after all expenditures. The
details of profit and loss are respectively given in Volume II: (Annex-5). Throughout the project period
annual cash flow is positive.
The financial analysis is carried for three different threats as below:
1. Revenue decreases by 10% and the cost remains the same
2. Project cost increases by 10%, and revenue remains the same
3. Revenue decreases by 10% and also Project cost increases by 10%
Page: 43
When cost is increased by 10% and the revenue remained the same, the AIFC becomes Rs. 22.83 per cum
of water and FIRR stood at 5.29%. Similarly, when benefit is decreased by 10% and cost remained the
same, FIRR becomes 5.12%. When cost is increased by 10% and benefit decrease by 10%, FIRR stood at
the point 3.41%. Thus the project is feasible and will be earning even if both the increased cost by 10% and
decrease in benefit by 10% happen at the same time, the project will be earning minimum 3.41%. Details of
the above sensitivity analyses are given in Volume II: (Annex-5).
6.11 CONCLUSION
The financial and economical analysis was carried out for the TDF loan 25% for two cost options. These two
options differed only on the amount of initial cost. The initial cost of option 1 was NRs 346.29 million and that
of second option was NRs 265.64. The second option proposed NRs 80.65 million less (23.29%) investment
than the option 1. The key results of these two options are given below.
Table 6.3: Out put of Financial and Economical Analysis
Financial Analysis Results
AIEC (Rs./CUM) 22.42
AIFC (Rs./CUM) 20.75
EIRR (%) 6.90%
FIRR (%) 6.94%
Table 6.4:Sensitivity Analysis: FIRR (%)

Sentivity Analysis Results
Cost Remained Same and Revenue Decreased by
10% 5.12%
Cost Increased by 10% and Revenue Remained Same 5.29%
Cost Increased by 10% and Revenue Decreased by
10% 3.41%
The results of economic and financial analyses of the project show that both options are economically and
financially feasible. The calculated EIRR, FIRR and sensitivity analysis do vary much among proposed two
options. The AIFC and AIEC remained the same. In terms of financial benefits and risk factors, both options
are similar. Hence, opton II is recommended for the detailed design depending upon the user's contribution
at initial phase.

Page: 44
CHAPTER VII: SOCIO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
7.1 INTRODUCTION
Rampurtar lies in Okhaldhunga district, one of the semi urban town of the district. It has been selected
under Third/ Urban Town Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project for the development of water supply
and sanitation facilities. The objective of the project is to provide safe drinking water to the people of the
proposed project area. The project intends to improve the health and quality of life of the people living in
small town by the construction of new water supply system, rehabilitation of existing system as far as
possible and surface drainage/ sanitation as agreed by WUSC. The proposed water supply project intends
to provide water supply to government and non government institution and the private Households sector of
the project area for 24 hours without any interruption. All the survey formats were designed by the project
and PMC and finalized after discussion with DSMC. Two types of formats were developed. The first type of
questionnaire has been used in all household to collect basic information data required for the scheme
design. Similarly, the second questionnaire used to conduct household detail economic survey at selected
HHs by selecting random and stratified sampling method. The total 716 households and 13 institution
constitute offices, school, campus, health post, other offices identified as project beneficiaries in option I and
643 HHs and 13 institution in opton II. However, the socio economic analysis report is based on Option I
because of only about 73 HHs are less in option II than option I and is insignificant for the design of the
system. The project planning, design and implementation depend upon concerned socio economic condition
of the project area. The social report is based on whole service area but the HH of ward 8 has bee removed
from the recommended option.
7.2 OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE OF THE BASELINE STUDY
The major objective of the study is collection of basic information through primary and secondary data
sources for Socio-economic profile preparation. Hence, collections of following information are main objective
of the study:
a. Demographic information (household head, age, gender, education, household size etc.).
b. Location of poverty groups, indicators and responses.
c. Identification of community organizations.
d. Identification of vulnerable households (indigenous peoples, ethnic minorities, female-headed
households, elderly headed households, households with differently abled family member, below
poverty line households).
e. Causes of vulnerability and responses.
f. Occupation and economic status (occupation, income, expenditure pattern, cost of existing water
supply, sanitation, rental and household ownership, disaggregated for general population, slum
dwellers, indigenous peoples, women headed households and other vulnerable groups).
g. Women status and Gender roles in the community
h. Health and hygiene situation and practices.
i. Water and sanitation situation, attitudes and preferences. Sources and levels of water supply
accessed.
j. Drainage system, Septage Management and practice, and willingness for community management.
k. Information of sanitation, health and hygiene knowledge and behavior and practices, frequency of
incidence of water born disease, and trends of using treatment practices by community.
l. Access to sanitation facilities and maintenance practices.
Page: 45
m. Attitude towards existing water and sanitation services.

n. Demand by service type (water, sanitation and septage management).
o. Perceptions of water and service quality, affordability, opportunity costs and willingness to pay for
improvements in water supply sanitation services and waste management.
The Major Components of STWSSP/PMO are follows:

• Public awareness campaign and health and hygiene education
• Water supply and sanitation Program
• Technical support to WUSC and
• Project implementation assistance
7.3 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY
7.3.1 General
Preparation of socio-economic profile of each assigned town projects are one of major task of ERDSMC .
The consultant has adopted a clear approach and methodology for collection of data through household
survey in each assigned town project. During the course of survey work different tools and method/process
has been adopted in order to obtain actual data information from the town project on various subject matter.
The Consultants has adopted different tools and methods to accomplish the survey works effectively and
achieve goal of the study. Prior to technical and social survey works, interaction meetings was held with
Rural Municipality Body (Chairmain/ Vice Chairman etc.), WUSC and advisor committee and disseminated
project approach, modality and required activities which need to be carried out by stakeholders including
WUSC while implementing the project. The methodologies have been adopted in this study highlights by the
following headings.
7.3.2 Census Survey
Census survey was carried out in all delineated project area for collection of brief information from all
household. Basic information was collected through the brief checklists/questionnaire (two pages) from each
household. The data obtained from the survey are required for design and social activities as well as OBA
implementation, training, GESI perspectives in the course of project implementation.
7.3.3 Stratified Sampling Method
Project has decided to collect socio-economic data about 5 percent screened households based upon
stratified sampling method. Socioeconomic census for different development project's stratified sampling
method is very use full and easy to collect the information. Stratification is the process of grouping members
of the population into relatively homogeneous subgroups before sampling. The sampling methods are based
upon income group and ethnicity covering it's percentage by volume of households situated in the service
area.
7.3.4 Orientation Program
Before starting baseline survey, an orientation program was organized at site office for the survey team to
introduce about small town water supply and sanitation sector project with project objective, concept and
design. The quality of the survey depends on the reliability of the enumerators keeping it in mind that the
special attention was given for the selection of reliable local enumerators.
Page: 46
Five reliable local students qualified up to Bachelor level has been selected from the local level in
coordination with local politician and WUSC as enumerator and additional one was selected to supervise the
work of enumerator name as field coordinator. The team oriented theoretical as well as practical survey
skills, rapport building techniques, know how and behaviours to apply at field site of the project area. Such
training programme was held at Rampurtar site on 24 and 25 April, 2018. The training programme mainly
covered the following points:
• Introduction of the project

• Objectives of the study
• Importance's of the survey results
• Techniques and tools of the quantitative survey
• Techniques and tools of the qualitative survey
• Rapport building techniques
• Filling questionnaires and taking notes
• Observation methodology
• Data Triangulation, errors and verification
• Benefit monitoring and evaluation of the project
• Project success and sustainability.
7.3.5 Data Tabulation and Analysis
The information and data received during social survey has been tabulated and analyzed. The survey
findings is based on full response of 716 households and sampled households of the project area as well as
institutional survey and review of available secondary data.
7.3.6 Selection of Enumerators
The consultant had selected the following 5 local enumerators and 1 field coordinator in consultation with
WUSC and local politician to conduct household survey for preparing socioeconomic profile of the town
project.
Prior to selection of field staffs (enumerator and field supervisor), the Consultant has developed criteria such
as education qualification, experience of work. For field supervisor and enumerator minimum qualification
was set as Bachel or SLC and level respectively. Similarly, priority has been given to local resident, minority
group, backward and female for survey works. Hence, enumerator and field supervisor have been selected
based on the adopted criteria so far. Name list of selected Enumerator are given in Table 7.1:
Table 7.1: Name List of Enumerator and Field Supervisor
Name List of Field

S.N. Position Address Remark
Staff
1 Mr. Gopal Dahal Field Supervisor Rampurtar
2 Mr. Shubham Dahal Enumerator Rampurtar
3 Ms. Lila Devi Niraula Enumerator Rampurtar
4 Ms. Renuka Dahal Enumerator Rampurtar
5 Mr. Nim Pd. Dahal Enumerator Rampurtar
6 Ms. Tilchan Dahal Enumerator Rampurtar
Page: 47
7.3.7 Institutional Survey
Different institutions located in service area were visited and collected relevant information of concerned
institutions, such as education, health, office, NGO, major shops and hotels lodge.
7.4 BASELINE SURVEY FINDINGS
7.4.1 Demographic Characteristics
The service areas have urban and rural ch aracters in nature. The areas of ward no 2 (Rampurtar Bazar) is
core urban area of Molung Rural Municipality and wards1 & 8 are rural area with scatter settlement pattern.
As per the household survey of the town project area, total of 716 households( Population:3605-Permanent,
1548-Temporary)are recorded in the delineated service area with total population of 5,153 including
temporary inhabitants.
The survey shows that the household and population of ward number 2 (615 Hs and 4586 population) is
higher than other wards. Likewise, ward number and 8 (79 HHs 440 population ) and 1 (22 HHs and 127
populatio) has least number of HHs and population. Entire of the governmental office, schools, hotels, banks
and hospitals are located in ward 2 at Rampurtar Bazar. Details of demographic information are presented in
Table 7.2.
Table 7.2: Distribution of Permanent and Rental Household and Population
Total Total
Total Rental
S.N. Ward # Male Female Permanent Including
Household Population
Population Rental
1 1 22 63 63 126 1 127
2 2 615 1509 1536 3045 1541 4586
3 8 79 209 225 434 6 440
Grand Total 716 1781 1824 3605 1548 5153
Source: Socio‐economic Survey 2018
7.4.2 Population by Sex and Family Size
The survey revealed that total permanent households and population in the service area are 716 and 3,605,
respectively. Out of total population 50.63% are female and 49.37% are male. According to the survey, family
size (5.16) of the service area is more than national size of 4.8 (CBS Nepal-2011). Detail information of
population by sex and family size are given in Tables 7.3 and 7.4:
Table 7.3: Distribution of Population by Sex and Family Size
Total Total Permanent Average

S.N. Ward No. Male Female Family
Household Population Size
1 1 22 63 63 126 4.95
2 2 615 1509 1536 3045 5.49
3 8 79 209 225 434 5.03
Grand Total 716 1781 1824 3605 5.16

Page: 48
Table 7.4: Male/Female Ratio by Sex

S. Total
N. Sex Population Percent
1 Male 1781 49.37
2 Female 1824 50.63
Total 3605 100
The survey revealed that most of the household head are male and some household head are women within
the project area. According to the survey about 98.74% (707) household head are male. Similarly about
1.26% (9) female are recorded as household head. Details of the information on household head are given
in Table 7.5.
Table 7.5: Distribution of Household Head Status by Sex
HH Head Ward # %
S.N. Total
1 2 8
1 Male 21 607 79 707 98.74
2 Female 1 8 0 9 1.26
Grand Total 22 615 79 716 100.00
Source: Socio-economic Survey, 2018
7.4.3 Educational Status
The survey revealed that about 85% of household head are literate or having diferent education level and
only 3.21% (23) of household head are illiterate within the project area. Similarly, just literate ratio is 10.20%
(73). Details of education status are give in Table 7.6 and 7.7.
Table 7.6: Education Status of Household Head
Ward #
S.N. Education Total %
1 2 8
1 Illiterate 0 22 1 23 3.21
2 Literate 3 64 6 73 10.20
3 Up to Grade 5 9 207 37 253 35.34
4 Grade 5-10 4 42 14 60 8.38
5 SLC 5 62 6 73 10.20
6 IA 1 49 7 57 7.96
7 BA 0 94 5 99 13.83
8 MA 0 50 3 53 7.40
9 Above MA 0 25 0 25 3.49
Grand Total 22 615 79 716 100
Page: 49
Table 7.7: Information of Institutions

(EDUCATINAL INSTITUTION,GOVERNMENT /NGO, HOSPITAL AND HOTEL & LODGE ETC.)
1. Educational & Governmental Organization etc. in Service Area
Daily
Existing
S. Consum
Name of Address Students Teacher Other Staffs Total Pop. Water Latrine/Type
N. ption
School/Campus/ (Ward/ Source
(Ltr.)
Hostel Tole)
M F T M F T M F T M F T Source
Sahid Adarsha Molung-2, Stream/S Water Sealed

1 (2)
Campus Ramadh 270 150 420 0 13 13 0 2 2 420 165 585 pring 150
Baseshwor Poor Flush (6)

Secondary Molung-2, Stream/S
2 School Rampur Ramadh 450 390 840 10 24 34 0 4 4 460 418 878 pring 1500
Barun Water Sealed

Education Molung-2, Stream/S (3)
3 Academy Ramadh 200 220 420 7 8 15 1 1 2 208 229 437 pring 500
Shree Water Sealed
Rangadip (6)
Secondary Stream/S
4 School Molung-8 104 100 204 4 10 14 1 1 2 108 110 218 pring 500
5 Total 1024 860 1884 21 55 76 2 8 10 1196 922 2118
2. Office/Organization
Existing
S. Type of Total Water Latrine
Office/Organization Address
N. Office Staffs Supply No/Type
Status
Consumpti
Source Type on (LPS)
1 Ilaka Police Office Molung-2, Rampur Gorvernment 40 Stream 500 Water seal (8)
2 Police Post Molung-2, Rampur Gorvernment 15 Stream 100 0

Animal Husbandary
3 Office Molung-2, Rampur Gorvernment 5 Stream 50 Water seal (1)
Ilaka Agriculture
4 Service Office Molung-2, Rampur Gorvernment 5 Stream 50 Water seal (1)
5 Ilaka Post Office Molung-2, Rampur Gorvernment 3 Stream 50 Water seal (1)
6 Sahid Salik Park Molung-2, Rampur Public 5 Stream 50 Water seal (1)
7 Shiva Mandir Molung-2, Rampur Public 5 Stream 50 Water seal (1)
3. Hospital/Healthpost
Existing
Bed Total Water Supply Type of
S.N. Hospital/Healthpost Address Capacity Staffs Status Latrine
Consumpti
Source Type on(LPS)
1 Health Post, Rampur Morang-2 0 8 Stream 100 4
2 Health Post, Rangadip Morang-8 0 0 0 0 0
Source: Institutional Survey 2018
Page: 50
7.4.4 Level of Income
The survey revealed that main sources of household income of the service area are agriculture,service,
remittance and wage labour, respectively. Among the total household, 35.34 percent have monthly income of
more than NRs. 10,876-20,000 and about 21% of household have monthly income of NRs. 20,001-50,000
Likewise, 3.63% of households are earning more than NRs. 50,000. The study shows that only 25.28% of
households falls under poor category as they are only earning less than NRs 7,500 per month. The monthly
income of HHs in the servic e area is given in Table 7.8.
Table 7.8: Income Level of Households by Ward
Ward #
S.N. Income Range Total %
1 2 8
1 <NRs.7,500 1 163 17 181 25.28
2 NRs.7,501-NRs.10,875 3 83 17 103 14.39
3 NRs.10,876-NRs.20,000 12 209 32 253 35.34
4 NRs.20,000-NRs.50,000 6 135 12 153 21.37
5 >NRs.50,000 0 25 1 26 3.63
Total 22 615 79 716 100.00
Source: Socio-economic Survey 2018
7.4.5 Existing Water Supply System
During the social survey, details information of existing water supply and sanitation facilities of the project
area has been collected. Similarly, survey team has collected information about water consumption level,
existing source of water, water consumption scenario during dry and wet season, required trip and time for
fetching water during dry and rainy season, gender involvement in collection of water etc.
The survey revealed that largest numbers of household about 91.2 (653) are fetching water from public tap
and only 1%(7) households are fetching from private tap by water supply system which is irregular and
interminant. Likewise, about 7.8%(56) householda are depends on canal/kuwa/spring etc. All households
reported that they use same source of water for all purposes as drinking, cooking, bathing, washing clothes,
watering in kitchen garden etc. in Table 7.9.
Table 7.9: Existing Water Sources in Rampurtar
Ward #
S.N. Existing Water Source Total %
1 2 8
1 Canal/Kuwa /Spring 1 55 0 56 7.8
2 Public tap 21 553 79 653 91.2
3 Private tap 0 7 0 7 1.0
Grand Total 22 615 79 716 100.0
Source: Socio‐Economic Survey 2018
7.4.6 Willingness Assessment
The survey revealed that community has shown positive response toward the willingness to pay monthly
water tariff. As per the findings, more than 55.26% household prefer to pay monthly water tariff from NRs.
151-200 whereas about 23% of households prefer to pay tariff more than NRs. 500. Similarly, about 7.89%
of household are willing to pay between NRs. 201-250 per month. Details information about willingness to
pay monthly water Tariff is presented in Table 7.10.
Page: 51
Table 7.10: Willingness to Pay for Monthly Water by Ward

Ward
S.N. Tariff Range Total %
1 2 8
1 >500 0 7 2 9 23.68
2 451-500 0 1 0 1 2.63
3 401-450 0 2 0 2 5.26
4 251-300, 0 1 1 2 5.26
5 201-250, 0 1 2 3 7.89
6 151-200 4 16 1 21 55.26
Grand Total 4 28 6 38 100.00
Source: Sampled Household Survey 2018
As per the survey, almost about 99.72% (714) of household have shown willingness to pay 5% up-front cash
contribution for proposed town water supply and Sanitation project. It shows that most of the HHs are ready
to contribute required upfront cash so far. Similarly, most of the poor has shown interest toward the program
and willing to cash contribution even there is provision of free tap connection to poor household.
Detail of data information on willingness for upfront cash contribution by community of subproject area is
presented in Table 7.11.
Table 7.11: Willingness for Up front Cash Collection
Upfront Cash Collection Ward #
S.N. Total %
(5%) 1 2 8
1 Yes 22 613 79 714 99.72
2 No 0 2 0 2 0.28
Grand Total 22 615 79 716 100
7.4.7 Average Water Consumption and Time Taken
The survey team has collected information related to water consumption level during dry and wet season in
the service area. Due to use of water frompublic tap and Canal/ spring, consumption pattern and quantity do
not vary between two seasons.
The survey revealed that water consumption level of each household is found to be 178.2 liters per day and
spent total time of about 67.5 minutes (per trip about 7.8 minutes) to fetching water. Similarly, total trips for
day. Details of water consumption scenario both in Rainy and Dry season as well as time for water fetching
are given in Table 7.12 and 7.13.
Table 7.12: Existing Water Consumption Scenario by Wet ad Dry Season
S.N. Household 716
1 Population 3605
2 Average daily use of waters 178.2
3 Average number of Trip 9.8
4 Average time/ Trip 7.8
Average Total Time to Fetch Water Per Day/Minute 67.5
Source: Socio‐Economic Survey 2018
Page: 52
Table 7.13: Water Consumption Sceneorio by Wet & Dry Season

Average consumption of public private Grand
well/Kuwa
water tap tap Total
Household 1.0 21.0 22.0
Population 6.0 120.0 126.0
Average daily use of waters 1.0 247.6 236.4
1 Average number of Trip 1.0 19.6 18.7
Average time/ Trip 1.0 6.4 6.2
Average total time to fetch
water per day/minut 1.0 139.8 133.5
Household 49.0 559.0 7.0 615.0
Population 214.0 2793.0 38.0 3045.0
Average daily use of waters 131.4 168.0 100.0 164.3
2 Average number of Trip 7.2 9.1 5.0 8.9
Average time/ Trip 9.3 7.8 7.9 7.9
water per day/minut 56.4 60.6 37.9 60.0
Household 79.0 79.0
Population 434.0 434.0
Average daily use of waters 270.4 270.4
8 Average number of Trip 14.8 14.8
Average time/ Trip 7.3 7.3
water per day/minut 107.7 107.7
Household 50.0 659.0 7.0 716.0
Population 220.0 3347.0 38.0 3605.0
Average daily use of waters 128.8 182.8 100.0 178.2
Average number of Trip 7.0 10.1 5.0 9.8
Average time/ Trip 9.2 7.7 7.9 7.8
Average total time to fetch water per day/minute 55.3 68.8 37.9 67.5
7.4.8 Latrine Facilities
The survey has observed that almost of the household have household latrine facilities within the project
area. About 99%(707) percent of household have latrine facilities and only 1 percent (9) does not have
latrines in their house. Details are presented in Table 7.14
Table 7.14: Household Latrine Status by Ward
Ward #
S.N. HH Latrine Status Total %
1 2 8
1 Yes 22 606 79 707 98.74
2 No 0 9 0 9 1.26
Grand Total 22 615 79 716 100
Page: 53
The survey shows that about 44.6% (319) household have water seal/ pour flush latrine where as 41.8%
(299) household have ventilatd pit altirne. Similarly, about 12.4% (89) have pit latrine . Table 7.15 shows the
data information about latrine facility in the project area.
Table 7.15: Number and Type of Household Latrine
Ward #
S.N. Type of Toilet Total %
1 2 8
1 No Toilet 0 9 0 9 1.3
2 Pit Latrine 3 80 6 89 12.4
3 Ventilated Pit Latrine 19 209 71 299 41.8
4 Water Seal/Poor Flush 0 317 2 319 44.6
Grand Total 22 615 79 716 100.0
7.4.9 Expenditure for Treatment
The survey has revealed the information about treatment measure for diarrhea and waterborne ralated
diseases in the service area. All the respondent has reported multiple answer regarding the treatment
measure. According to the survey about 41% and 15% of household used to go to health post and medical
store for treatment respetively. Similarly, about 36% feed jeevan jal where as 6.6% household has adopted
home remedies for treatment.hold used to goto medical store. Detail informations are presented in Table
7.16.
Table 7.16: Treatment Measure for Diarrhea and Waterborne Related Diseases
Ward
S.N. Treatment Measure Total %
1 2 8
1 Feed Jeeban Jal 1 19 2 22 36.1
2 Follow other home-treatment measures 0 4 0 4 6.6
3 Go to Dhami/Jhankri/Priest 0 1 0 1 1.6
4 Go to medical store 0 8 1 9 14.8
5 Go to the health post/institution for treatment 2 18 5 25 41.0
Total 61 100.0
Source: Socio‐economic Survey, 2018
7.4.10 Treatment Expenses for Diarrhea and Water related Disease
According to survey, expenditure amount of treatment for waterborne related diseases was assessed. Almost
of the respondent did not answered abount the expensed on diarrhea and water related diseas. Only 37.4%
of household are spending NRs.2,000 to NRs.60,000 per year as given various ranges. Deatails are given in
Table 7.17:
Page: 54
Table 7.17: Expenses on Diarrhea and Water Borne Diseases

S.N. Ward #
Expenses Range Total Percentage
1 2 8
1 Not Responding 7 401 40 448 62.6
2 <=NRs.2,000 13 57 12 82 11.5
3 NRs. 2,001-7,000 2 97 18 117 16.3
4 NRs. 7,001-20,000 0 52 8 60 8.4
5 NRs. 20,001- 60,000 0 8 1 9 1.3
Grand Total 22 615 79 716 100
Source: Socio‐economic Survey, 2018
7.4.11 Practice on Appropriate Site for Solid Waste Disposal
The survey revealed that almost of households are disposing domestic solid waste in the pit near to the
house. There is no any alternative waste management system yet. It was observed that the respondent have
sufficient knowledge about the improperly managed solid waste that may affect the public health and
surrounding environment. Details information are given in Table 7.18:
Table 7.18: Practice on Appropriate Site for Solid Waste Disposal
Ward
S.N. Waste Management Practice Total %
1 2 8
1 Pit Near to House 4 28 6 38 100
2 Private Collector 0 0 0 0 0
3 Pit/Container managed by VDC/Municipality 0 0 0 0 0
4 Others 0 0 0 0 0
Grand Total 4 28 6 38
Source : Sampled Household Survey 2018
7.5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Conclusion
Based on the finding of the study, major covered areas such as : household and population, income level,
expenditure level, situation, existing water supply situation, latrine status and health and hygiene situation,
willingness to upfront cash contribution and monthly tariff payment, investment capacity, affordability etc.
have been assessed. The major conclusion of the study are summarized in the executive summary of this
volume.
Largest numbers of household about 91.2 (653) are fetching water from public tap and only 1%(7)
households are fetching from private tap by water supply system which is irregular and intermittent.
Likewise, about 7.8%(56) household are depends on canal/kuwa/spring etc.
The survey revealed that water consumption level of each household is found to be 178.2 liters per day and
spent total time of about 67.5 minutes (per trip about 7.8 minutes) to fetching water. Similarly, total trips for
day.
Page: 55
According to the study, 97 % of households are interested to having private tap connection in service area.
However, about 3% of household have shown unwillingness toward the project. Hence, it can be concluded
that entire households have positive response toward the project and ready to have tap connection.
According to the study, about 63% of household are willing to invest less than NRs.1,500 for tap connection.
Likewise, about 13.16% household are ready to invest more than NRs.6,000-9,000 for tap connection.
Hence, it can be concluded that community has satisfactorily response toward the project and ready to invest
for tap connection. However, it is also observed that more information and motivation is required regarding
the investment for tap connection prior to implementation of the program.
About 99%(707) percent of household have latrine facilities and only 1 percent (9) does not have latrines in
their house. The survey shows that about 44.6% (319) household have water seal/ pour flush latrine where
as 41.8% (299) household have ventilatd pit altirne. Similarly, about 12.4% (89) have pit latrine .
The survey has collected information related to waterborne disease and health status in the service area.
Water is one of the key factors of in numerable communicable diseases which is also reported in the project
area.
According to the obtained information, According to the obtained information, about 15.12% (545) were
suffered from diarrhea where as 4.41% (159) were suffered from dysentry. Similarly, about 11.62%(419)
were suffered from other diseasess such as skin, stomach pain, fever etc.
Almost of the respondent has shown willingness toward improvement of septage within the community. The
survey shows that about 95% household have shown willingness for improvement of septage management
where as only 5% have shown unwillingness toward it.
Recommendation
Based on the data analyses of socio economic survey and general observation of the service area,
the following recommendation are furnished.
• The community has shown willingness and enthusiasm toward the proposed project and ready
to contribute required 5% of upfront cash and ready to pay regular monthly tariff.
• The WUSC bodies of Rampurtar & Chairman/Deputy Chairman of Molung Rural Municipality
and concerned stakeholders are found active as well as positive and have shown enthusiasm
toward the program.
• The existing system is providing services in the partial service area of proposed Rampurtar
town project and serve in irregular as well as intermittent basis.
• The communities are ready to fulfill required requirements according to the project modality.
• Hence, it is recommended that the proposed project is socially and economically feasible.
Page: 56
CHAPTER VIII: ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS
8.1 GENERAL
The proposed project, which is studied under the ADB funded Urban/Third Towns Water Supply and
Sanitation Sector Project are being assessed at feasibility stage. As per the project document, the project is
to be selected, designed and implemented on the active participation and joint investment of the
beneficiaries through WUSC and GoN. Hence, the beneficiaries should have well informed about the project.
At feasibility stage, the schemes has been studied and assessed in terms of preliminary design, technical,
economical and financial requirements and an environmental ground. The objective of such study and
assessment is to inform the beneficiaries of the various aspects of the different water supply alternatives. So
that WUSC can make right decision selecting the best scheme among the identified alternatives.
The Environmental Protection Act (1996) and The Environmental Protection Rules (1997 as amended,
1998), recommend and mandate EIA, IEE studies depending upon the nature of the water supply schemes
(EPR, 1997, Rule 3 and Annex 1 and 2). The revised environmental rules published on 20sept, 2007 is also
used to determine the criteria for the IEE or EIA of the project.
The proposed Rampurtar Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project supplies water to 7,122 in option I and
6,507 in option II populations. This figure is more than 5,000 but less than 50,000 populations by supply of
water from separate water source in each option to water Treatment Plant and RVT/ service reservoir. The
first system is fully gravity from Intake to Distribution system. Option II is pumping for transmission and
gravity for distribution system though the surface water sources are used in both options. It requires an IEE
studies to be carried out as per the GoN / EPR provisions (revised on 20 Sept. 2007).
As per the provision of the EPR, IEE is required for the scheme implementation, as the project is fully new
with new source used. The IEE should be carried out for Rampurtar Town Water Supply and Sanitation
Project.
This report is prepared basically on the ground of environmental aspects of water supply schemes of the
Rampurtar Town.
8.2 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ADDRESSED
The nature of water supply schemes is critical due to the set of geographical conditions of Nepal's Mid Hills,
physique - chemical, biological and social issues.
8.2.1 Physico-Chemical Issues
Among the physico-chemical issues, the characteristics of water source particularly availability of the water
source for implementation of water supply project is of utmost significance to meet the current and future
water demand of the people of the service area.
Water quality issue is an important in the context that water is meant for the domestic uses. It is important
because it is related with the sanitation and health of the beneficiaries. In Nepal's context, geology related to
water chemistry and source characteristics such as surface water from stream or spring are key features of
the water quality. The water quality is dependent upon settlements and surroundings of the proposed intake
site. The water of surface water source is chemically and biologically contaminated and vary in seasonal
and rainy and dry season.
In stability of ground, where intake structures, trunk transmission line, treatment plants and reservoir are
important because these features influence the sustainable operation of the schemes in long term basis.
Page: 57
Risk of instabilities of these structures is not only an issue of repeated requirement of operation and
maintenance but also frequent interruption in the supply of water with unpredicted impacts on sanitation and
health of the beneficiaries.
8.2.2 Biological Issues
Maintenance of biological diversity has a long run benefit to the human kinds. Water supply schemes during
construction and operation have potential to influence adversely the prevailing biological species and
ecological systems.
Diversion of water from a source will not influence adversely the existing fish population and their migration
by de-watering the downstream stretches. The intake will be constructed at bank of the river/ khola and will
not create barrier at the watercourse for the movement of water animals. Similar adverse impacts will not be
experienced for the water dependent phytoplankton and zooplankton. It can be concluded that the source
has plenty of water and will not have any impact to water living animals.
Some effects may experience while clearing sites for pipe laying in transmission line, transmission line and
construction of service reservoir sites. This may experience minimum influence in ecology diversity of
species. Such impacts however are for short periods and only during the construction of trunk transmission
line and could be rejuvenated within the short span of time in future.
8.2.3 Social and Socio-economic Issues
Major social and socio-economic impact after development of water supply schemes is the improvement of
the quality of life of the people, through improvement in sanitary, living conditions and health status. This is a
positive contribution. Commonly found water borne diseases are observed in occasions in the project area.
Private latrines were found with septic tanks in the project area. The service area has mild slope and sloping
from north to south. The available drainage facility is found inadequate but there is less possibility of water
logging.
8.3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING
Check on the formal requirements stipulated in the EPR 2054 (revised on 2064) results the following:
S. For proposed water

N. Description
supply project
1 Collection of rain- water not more than 200 hectares, and
use of water sources (springs and wetlands) located Not applicable
within the same area.
2 Surface water sources with not more than 1 cubic ft. Safe
yield and supply of not more than 50 percent of the water Not applicable
during the dry season.
3 IEE Require (capacity of
Processing of water at the rate of 10 to 25 litres per
processing system 10.8lps in
second.
option I and 9.8lps in option II.
4 Settlement of not more than 500 persons on the upper
Not applicable
reaches of water sources
5 The Supply drinking water from new source for design An IEE is required.
population 7,122 in option I and 6,507 in option II (i.e.
between 5,000 to 50,000), criteria satisfy but the system
is not new one.
6 Augmentation of new water source in existing system An IEE is required.
Page: 58
S. For proposed water

N. Description
supply project
population 7,122 in option I and 6,507 in option II (i.e.
between 10,000 to 100,000)
7 Treatment/ processing system and its capacity is 10.8 in Considering the use of new
option I and 9.8lps in option II including filter backwash sources ,treatment process
discharge. There will be three DMA in option I and two and their discharge an IEE is
required.
DMA in option II. Wtare will be supplied from each
reservoir to each DMA.
The floculator, sedimentation , roughening and slow sand
and desinfection are the treatment process proposed in
the design.
8 Project Cost. The scheme cost is estimated as NRs The project is source
273,989,355.19 augmentation. An IEE is
required.
9 The project location in relation to environmental sensitive No environmental assessment
area. The scheme will not be located in any defined (IEE or EIA) is required
protected area or environmental sensitive area.
10 Displacement of people. The scheme is unlikely to No environmental assessment
displace the people. (IEE or EIA) is required
11 Construction of water conveyance tunnel Not applicable- no
environmental assessment
(IEE or EIA) is required
12 Recharging groundwater aquifer for the purpose of Not applicable- no
developing groundwater resources environmental assessment
(IEE or EIA) is required
Conclusion: Rampurtar Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project satisfies all above criteria considering use
of existing water supply system with significant water to be augmented from newely proposed surface water
source at each option. The IEE would be enough to implementation of the water supply project to the
Rampurtar community. Based upon this consideration, an IEE is required for the project.
Page: 59
CHAPTER IX: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
The transmission line of option I is far( ie about 8,775.0m away from service area) and may be difficult to
protect the pipe and regular maintenece caused due to human intrusion. Hence, option II was recommended
for the detailed design. The transmission line is about 2,563m and is near by community. By doing this,
73HHs has been discarded form the system because these houses are situated far and along the
transmission main of option I, from the service area .
With above details, Rampurtar Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project, Okhaldhunga is socially,
technically, financially and environmentally feasible. WUSC can operate the system successfully after
completion of scheme implementation.The community will support to WUSC during cash collection,
implementation and operation and regular maintenence of the scheme. Hence, it is recommended for the
implementation.
Page: 60

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DEDR: Rampurtar Town Water Supply & Sanitation Sub-project

4.1.8 Non-Domestic Demand (Institutional, Commercial and other Demand) ............................. 23

CHAPTER VII: SOCIO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ........................................................... 45

List of Acronyms & Abbreviations

OHT Over Head Tank

Pumping system from intake to GRVT and OHT to Distribution

Per Capita Cost (for design 40,823.45

Total cost of Sanitation 8,351,184.02

Ward no 1: Kuntadevi area.

Ward no 2: Rampur area.

Existing Water Supply Situation

Proposed Water Supply System

Design Concept and Project components

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

1.2 RAMPURTAR TOWN WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION PROJECT

1.5 SERVICE AREA, POPULATION AND GROWTH RATE

Ward no 1: Partial area of Kuntadevi settlement.

Ward no 2: Full area Rampurtar.

Figure 1.2: Location Map of Proposed Service Area

Population and Growth Rate:

Table 1.2 Details of population Status of Proposed Service Area

1.6 SETTLEMENT PATTERN

1.7 MAJOR COMPONENTS

1.8 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT

1.8.1 Water Supply and Sanitation Division Office

1.8.2 Water User's and Sanitation Committee

2 Mr. Pankaj Prasad Dahal Vice Chairman

3 Mr. Narayan Pd. Dahal Secretary

4 Mr. Baburam Dahal Treasurer

1.9 ENGINEERING DESIGN

1.9.1 Organisation of the Study Team

1. B.C.Devkota, Managing Director/ Senior WSS Engineer

1.10 METHODOLOGY FOR DETAILED ENGINEERING DESIGN REPORT

• Desk study of former FSR and other information.

• Population growth rate, Design Year and Population Projection

• Water demand calculation and Nodal Water Demand

• Intake/ sumpwell design

• Treatment plant design

• Reservoir sizing and peak factor

• Pipeline design, tools and pipe materials and household connection

• Design of sanitation facilities

• Preparation of working/ construction drawings, rate analysis and cost estimate

• Economical and financial analysis

• ToR, IEE study and preparation of EMP and EMAP

• Preparation of bill of quantities, implementation schedule, technical specifications and bid/

• Final design report preparation

• Dissemination of reports and it’s finalization

1.11 STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT

The main report is divided into the following chapters:

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF FEASIBILITY STUDY

2.1 EXISTING SITUATION

2.1.1 Water Supply System

2.1.2 Consumption Level

2.1.3 Water Tariff

2.2 IDENTIFICATION OF PROPOSED SERVICE AREA AND SOURCES

Ward no 1: Kuntadevi area.

Ward no 2: Rampur area.

2.3 WILLINGNESS TO CONTRIBUTE FOR WATER SUPPLY SERVICE

2.4 WILLINGNESS TO CONTRIBUTE IN SANITATION WORKS

2.5 EXISTING SUPPLY DEFICIT AND DEMAND

CHAPTER III: FIELD INVESTIGATION

3.1.1 Existing Water Source

3.1.2 New Water Source