म्य रे ल

संकेत एव दरू संचार रशिषण सं्थान, भायखला, मंबई २७

(आयएसओ 9001-2015 रमाणणत)

बेशसक इले्रिशसटी एवं पॉवर पलांट

सं्करण-रथम जनवरी-२०१७
 BASIC ELECTRICITY
·ELECTRICITY (�)
ll6 � -�clcf�l-i cpl itFST iJffl t � � � \jfr � I - W11cJ iffl' 'A·
. Jlq;Jff, �,-!filc£'llt-�3Rlil§cf��-���il��t,

-���cpl�t I ���ll<PR��ll<PRil�\jff �t �­
\mlf ri;re;:nff mcft t 1�����Mt1

1) ALTERNATING CURRRENT (SiNUqfff '1m)

� � � fGttt&>l �m � 1iA- �-t � il<:twtcn ffiff t, � AC <Pik11tft

� I� tt'<'-11, lt ½ ( cycle) � -l/2(cycle) grcft-tmr <Wit ½ cycle· �clc6'< 1 cycle
cliocllcft � I AC ml' Frequency 50 els M t I

< CURRENT

. 1 cycle

2) DIRECT CURRENT( 3Tic@f �)

� � � tfGtttcffi �m � tJA gi)m � � ffiftt 1 � m � � mH
g);tc11cil 'clRT t\". �- IDcft t I � t\". �- � it �cl4W1 ml° 1Jfff aRT cfit �ffl t
f4q�a 6lcft t I � �- �- c8l' �ffl � � �- t f 31o: � \;h)il,.."fft �
� t I � '1ft �- � � � q;r � fffir Positive cf smr fffir Negati_ve
mrrt,

+·.
--o-<>�--o--Y--
' · ·· , , . . . ----·
P
230V/AC
N
P
230VAC

N
OHM`S LAW(ओहम का नियम):-यह नियम वैज्ञानिक जाजज साइमि ओहम िे बिाया था इन्ही के िाम
पर इसे ओहम का नियम कहते हैं ।
ककसी डी सी बंद पररपथ में बहिे वाली धारा (I) उसके ससरों पर लगाये गए ववभावंतर(V) के समािुपाती होती
है ,यदद उसकी भौनतक अवस्थाएं पररवनतजत ि की जाय।

I∝V

or V∝I

or V/I=Constant

or V/I =R जहााँ R एक स्स्थरांक है , जो चालक के उपर निभजर करता है ।

NOTE:- ओहम का नियम इि पररस्स्थनत पर लागु होता है ।

1.पावर सप्लाई DC होिी चादहए।
2.Ckt Close होिा चादहए।
3.सककजट का ताप व दाब स्स्थर होिा चादहए।

शस्तत(POWER):-
कायज करिे की क्षमता को शस्तत हैं। इसका यूनिट वाट(watt) है ।

सूत्र के अिुसार : P=V.I

+ -
 - +

SWITCH FUSE

P V1 V2 V3
V
N
 I
I1
1
II2

I3
I
1om 1W
-NOTE:

���.cBt��t lcffl�qJcci)�fGi-rertt�cil''11Rftt I
For Exp.: �lfGl�'<l�'5�R¥�illf·q;1f�'imftt I���� 1/8W, 1/4W, .clffift°I
�TV lt�\jJlffl"31ffiq;�tmfttcffll/2w, lw,2w ���cJ1cc6l�Ril-R.R1
� r.ffl' GfRft t I
,reo;g;g � cJ>R; �0116ft :
Colour Digit
BLACK(cnlc1T) 0
BROWN(�) 1
RED.(�) 2
ORANGE(�) 3
YELLOW {tfiro) 4
GREEN(�) 5
BLUE (;fu;rr) 6
VIOLET(�) 7
GREY(�) 8
WI-UTE(�) 9·
NOTE:
I st - Direct�. cJ5T �
II nd- Direct �cf>Tllf'A'
III rd- �ffi�'P<ffi"����tl
IV th - W<>R m!ffl
clcl�rff 6@'@T t I
(1) ��cp,fi'lftqi@f, 4 ncr.s-i m
Ricl4l� �mf I
(2) 'fl<r.s-1 m Rt&cN � �m qm G)' � � GITG ffllt 1
(3) �aRRT�tmtoTl0-8'1Wf�t1
(4) ���fftc,tjxtijr'l00�1Wf�t°I
(5) �=q'\'��.=fffl��(G,�q;re){ii�rfl ±20%
(6) � 3lRl+f � � t ffl �@lw=tt q;f dcl�-=tt ± 2%

,...._
���<�)tm��.,tft�,
(7)
'3 i6'<-ul : -
_,..,,G
1 on ±5%, Skn :1: 20%, 1n :1: 5%, 240 :1: 10%
यदि किसी रे जिस्टें स में िुल पाांच िलर दिए हो तो पहले चार िलर रे जिस्टें स िा मान
ज्ञात िरने िे ललए िाम में आते हैं तथा पाांचवा िलर रे जिस्टें स िी टोलरें स बताता है । इस
प्रिार िी रे जिस्टें स में पहले तीन िलर िा मान वैसे िा वैसा ही ललखते हैं तथा उनिे
चौथे िलर िे मान बराबर शून्य लगा िे ते हैं

उिाहरण:-

आििल 6 रां गों िी रे जिस्टें स भी बनने लगी है िो िे खने में िाबबन रे जिस्टें स िी तरह ही
होती है , लेकिन इसिी शजतत(wattage) िाबबन रे जिस्टें स िी शजतत(wattage) से अधिि
होती है । 6 वा िलर Temperature Coefficient िा मान बताता है ।
रे जिस्टें स िी पॉवर रे दटांग:- रे जिस्टें स िी पॉवर रे दटांग उसिे आिार(Size) पर ननभबर िरती है
 -�ffl-
. . . .

METAL FILM RESISTANCE(�� -�IGi�) :-

· ��cffi'�metal m�'Gllatt I �Resistance�� '3cQ"1
clffift:t � ��tfr.:r�:gRftt I� \ffi<tiffl� iflfrmt
I Metal film
Resistance$ size aijiq,I( tl° wattage mfcl;l)' Gf@ t I��$ .:rPf � t ffl
tolerance�� t 1. .. .
F==± 1%J=±5% M=±20%
0=±2% K=± l0%�1Wi
10n � lMn cfcpcfit5Tcftt I

CARBON FILM RESISTANCE (���Ritte.=tt) :- ·

fl �Rifte-=tt q;fiFf � Cf>T 'fl��q, cq,l' cffi' � � <1•114l {lJTcfi t I � 311<PR il° il'§a urcft
cf +lFT � � � 3lftr$ Accurate g)cft t I� '344141 S<IIGite'<l,O,s t114sd � �
� � 6RIT t I

WIRE WOUND RESISTANCE (cITTr"< c:11�0,s �IGite.=tt} :-

� 3lftr$ Resistance � �$ oR cffl' =il��ct> cqar � 3Tit:TN tfx � qN � � t I
tl��q; ���tflil.=e�t:Ro�GJ@tt1 �Resistance 1 watt��50 Waeff
�,qt� Wattage � cfit M' t I � clcl�"8l ± 0.1o/o � ± 10% 6laT t I
VARIABLE RESISTANCE (��'{iicl �rot:w=tt) :-
'fflcft t
ll'W cffliA' � iil4'<ilNso.g � J1q;R cfit iFITTft'�t 1 � �-2 lfA cfit 1 ��
t
Resistance cf>T iJFr �� � atftl4>d't irr1 ac5' Adjust� ijf@J' 1 ��qilat �rottt:.=a
cffl'�(Poientiometor)-lff Control (�at) 'ift'cl>§t I

VIRIABLE RESISTANCE :-�WPRtf.

1) Linear type (cl14'�i< c$')

2) Log type (<1Fr c$')

�JrcJ;N� q,�'1at �,afcl;e:) .fWntf�ijf@tijfgf SupplymSignal q;)'���

•'
� q;i:f � � � \il@J I t
� :- ecll!4Gt4 ���� cl>M�itc, tl)�4) � �c1>1.iil'Balance Control cll;ftll�
c$' t cl>�cl Eft' IDtf t I
Log type Resistance q;T � ��� \i44>'<oh if 3Tfc1Nf �Control�-�
��ij[@'ft, .
-gl''fflcftt I� lfA � � il°� �
�llct>R� Resistance �cITTR ql\'.JD,s
� ttfcf>e � 3Ticf�� � Adj.ust � ijf@f t I� rlR�61cl fffi)' cp)' ilGclcl>x
Resistance m-i:rFicffl'AdjustfclxTTGJ@T-gl

l l 3 4
रे जिस्टें स को िोड़ना:- रे जिस्टें स को दो प्रकार से िोड़ा िाता है
1. श्रेणी क्रम(SERIES COMBINATION)
2. समान्तर क्रम(PARALLEL COMBINATION)

1. रे जिस्टें स को श्रेणी क्रम िोड़ना(RESISTANCE IN SERIES):-

िब दो या दो से अधिक रे जिस्टें स को श्रेणी क्रम में िोड़ा िाता है तब रे जिस्टें स
का कुल मान सभी रे जिस्टें स के मान का योग होता है । इस जस्ितत में सभी
रे जिस्टें स से समान िारा(I) बहती है लेककन हर एक रे जिस्टें स में Voltage Drop
अलग-अलग होता है । इन Voltage Drop का कुल मान सभी Voltage Drop का
िोड़ होगा ।

V = V1 + V2 + V3

ओम के तनयम से V=IR

IR=I(R1 + R2 + R3 )

R = R1 + R2 + R3
उदाहरण:-

R=20 Ω+20 Ω+20 Ω+20 Ω+10 Ω

R=90 Ω
 2.रे जिस्टें स को समान्तर क्रम में िोड़ना(RESISTANCE IN PARALLEL):-

उदाहरण:-
Capacitor <ffi" Working Voltage cJ;i;�t I� �fclffi) 45\lRtci clil' working Voltage
� Capacitor�cn.=rr plate iji � � � -sl(�al�c6 tfGTef a>� qq-� � t I
m �.�
cf>;i;g;,.a� lTI"ff t i
. (l)NONELECTROLYTE (�4,qflii-<) -. 11-
(2) EJ.,ECTROLYTE.(��lf�cll�-s 4,qflia) ....±....11-=-

ffl 4>t:1Rtci :-
1 -$'1 if>qRta -
��m�mmt�fcr�'Qq�� fg;cffl.=al ij;"�ilgcf�ffitrttx1fi��
��·i'flclci a>'Qtf if q;Jl1 � t I
2 - tltR 4>C!Rtci :-
lffl 4,qRlc-< 4)�qif �� loss arr� 4)�q't �cfij' Capacitane ttx high Voltage DC/ AC
���J1QNfclxrr\jf@Tt I GtR 4,qR,aq;ri:rr=ro.001 mf�0.2 mfac1>moJt.1 �
Voltage Capacity 1OOV acl> M' t I

3 - -il�ftlq; 4>ttRte-< :-
� -sl{�cl�cf> ��ll ��ftlcf> �ijq;r�fclxrr�t I �tflR?f� <:@ fl�{;Jcf> 4>QRfci
cf>6clldl 6" I ?)- fflir: ��ct c\6'cl'< cr(q" � 3tTcJ>R ij>' ffl"ff t I� '34��41 �clcr�lf:tcf> .
'34cf>xOI if fcnm \jJ@T '6" I ?)- �: 0.5 PF � 1OOOPF � � ij)' ffl '6" I iut�cf>I Working
Voltage Capacity 12V, 25V, SOV, 200V, 500V, lkv, 2kv 3Tlx 3kv qcp5Rft't I
4 - FOIL CAPACITOR(� 4,qRfe-<) :- ---
� 45qfftetf �-� ��il � cfi\'� ttffl� mwr �\il@T t��
. 4>�Rle"< c1>6&11a ·� 1 ��cR �clcr�lPl<1> eqc1>-<01 illlm1f qffi)-t1

5 - PINUP TYPE CAPACITOR :

� 3Ttf�4>qRI� '1fcr���fl��c1> 4>qR:fe-tf tficf t 1 � 4>QRte-< tR·llfm�tt
� mffl t lIT � fl'. 3lftrq; � cfi1 q�e)lif iFft IDcft t I � ffl QRI 4>ctllie-< qjf iwf,
elcl...fft, cffcf>i, q)R\it fflcf cpffl � I

•:.���
•
.

J . - . ,.

i · .... --
·T··

� :a�fqq; fl;�Rle'< :-
�'fl�f'lq5 � ��mat I ffl���mcftt I �P,Rfflo�t��
cvcwR Piilqlcl � q>J JJF@ t I � 3Rt 4,qifle"< q � cffffi Wc'R cITT � � I

.Pa
. tefllhclcRt ci>t1Rle-< :-
.ii cbciffle-{ � 1r cJ;frr� 6Afflcf 6 �-� 'tt'<tMI cy11R;q; �melt� 1 �tfA'
fircm � 1r 61cIT 6 I

. . •.. . .

�--�
· 111rt:,c·
·---t·.� · - ,��, ..
r-I(�
. - \l�g ···-

ELECTROLYTE CAPACITOR (�G\ct�cll�c. cfiqffla) :-

<) cfiqfflc.'< mGI q,qfflc'<.xl fili:i>cl 31Wf WJ>Rij)fflcf 5� (111--d�q; -{1'{i:MI \Jq;�m'f
�Mt�� �c>l�lcll�c. cfTT� '<i'<iMI qG) �cl�I-S ftR Plq;1cl �fflcft\Rll� �
$cl4"�1-S tR [+] q � t1x [-] � mcrr 6 fcm:ft � # WffiT � polarity ( wrcrr) q;r
���6�Capacitor 1 mf�5000mf�tft'�i:rRij;��\jf@'!I

.-::·:.. -· �-�• '".,_1._-, r. .. -,-. .,.:"f'Y�,,._-• ···;. -�·__ .... 1' •· , .. ··_v"-:':"'· -��-
. .
i.
: -�- '.,\)�:-�\��:-}".� �::....::�,---�,�- ...
'-!

·\·��;.i_,,.,.;. "
.
·:,.. ..... \,-'·,:,.
, ':f_lt-'t_ \.� 'l."'2�� ..s.., .....,.
11 -,,....-y.:�,. �-¼.· _\·. ·...""-�.
:�-

--
r

.: -�:t:,·�:::::/:·,'_:·::-t/:J�� .·.; . � '. .. \:<./

I) ��cbcifflcc-
 __
_
+
+
+
--

+ +
-- -- +
--

C1
C2
C3

+
--

V
 C =Cl+ C2 + C3. --------
-

� ct,-1;%.=tN cf;) tl'iMi.::a-< 'Wril°�\jf@ftffl (�ffA'� q,91.g.--tH 4ilfAqi'fuffis6Tor

6 I m�lWfifG\jffffi'61
'3GhNi-i: 470 mf50 volt �aFI 4;qRietf tl'iMi�N wi:Pl�lftm��lfA
C·= 470+ 470 + 470
C= 1410mf
· �� mqlffex fflf'i q)("eGt 4>Cllffex �t I 3Tff: � mqlffe� c8t q)1&Gt � 4,qlfla cffi'
cfk•·e.Gi chQRlel· 4i� � 50 volt 6Fft I ._

COIL:
�i-i'{iclfe.s � a-R c15l' � � cffl -tfl.flGi if crt•llcpi( � lfm� cfql�crl cf>5crlldl � �
� ftR:r fcm:fi ��'§clR-s mxqi) fcAr � 6"
3Trc1Rt � \ifTfil fil � AIR CORE (�
cmcirnrrt
cf>R) q=q1�cr1 1 � ��� � tlix1�e 4T � mg c15l'cf>R t��
Gffcit6"ffl� 3TIW!ffl
QRI$¢ ctm'm cfcllscrt 4>6Jijlffif � cfcll�cl q;y INDUCTOR {s-1-sctOl}
. 'ifi cf>6Cf § I
 INDUCTOR<ffl'ffl :-
�qil?f cfctl�cl it��'tlRJij; �-SH!lcbllt ffl6R1lt
fi\i(<l'*I ACq;)�
·.oc cl5Ttmi�!� Coil ��if5Jq1f �1fl° q�qd-1 cpyfcmu�! ��
� cl5T � WPR ?a\ '<itcll' cfl' � fG1-aq51 1lFf clmdN � xgJ ID' oT Coif 1f � 1Pf �
f4q�a q)clRel 1Glti4> �� ci)RGt '3N---9 6Tfft� �wi:Scfe--ti �i �wi-scte-< AC/
DC ckt il �ffi'ilcl fcl:x:lr uf@T t Gf6' �wi-scfe� 1f � Ac Current il6ffl t ffl ,...-scr6< � �
self Induction ?:6\'��lnduce Current �5ldl!'1(f Main Current cffl'�cffi'�fl'
�t
Ac Ckt 1f Inductor --- Loss Passfilter, Band passfilter.
�q;gq=e;::a '11tR?a\'��6" I ����t I
l�=I000�[mh]
1 �ffil" [mhJ == 1000 'tl�st>)�q� [MH]

INDUCTIVE REACTANCE c,�fcre;q Rl)q-e--ft)

�cffl'�tR�-qcp�faRcfd � '3N---9 g)ay! I �fcmuq;)' Si¼;fcieq R�ctG--ft q)ffl
6" I � � �t I �.,Jtrl ?:6\'� (0) lmft! I fcm:ftcpyf49'�� fflcf � ijffiff
t 1 �cfl'tRftcir fsh<M;:ffi cfql�cl cpf �.=t-scrH f
. IMPEDANCE (�Af\�;:.e) :- (Z)
� Coil-ll AC �.ij;'q;RU1 '3N"I � XL 3IR Coil 1f llll11f fc);l)' 1Pf �cpy 3TcMtf R
fllatctW Current ��-qGI) :a!UIR?ia � '3tq"'1 � ! 1 �i:cfl:.g--ft � �'fcfflt n t I
� (S2) Coil � Impedance Pf�'tJ.-4 � fflcf � ijffiff t I �=�xL2· +R2
L =LI+L2 +L3 +---------
. For Exp :- 4mh, 6mh, 8mh cm- coil � s,;if il t ffl
�t:JA'L = 4mh + 6mh + 8mh
L= 18mh
§'16cfa cP1 tt'11.-rj'< wJ:Jif Gt)6.:,I :- ..
Gfif GT m GT�� �'16cfc6 cffl' tt+ti:ti.-rj'( wJ:J il � t tlif � i:t"ri q;i:J' ffl' Gf@T t' I�
� q;if-�16q-e-< � itFf �,:ft� ffl' Gf@T �I� Current� sFft' 1

1/L = 1/Ll + l/L2 + 1/L'.3 +-------­

L 1 = 2, 1\1H, L2 = 4:MH, L3 = 61\1H

For eg. : 1/L 6 + 3 + 2/12 :- 1 l/12

LT = 12/11'. = 1.09
. M
('<ll-OGt-�clcl ti4'1Gt.:,) :-:- .
�� ttfcf>cl il, cfc:U�cl q)f�Parallel tf4'1Gt.:t, tfl-0Gt il� cfcU(cl ���-g)fflt I
��Series parallel ti41Gt-i Cf>6clldl t I
. MAGNETIC INDUCATION (��l�fecf> �1'5cffF1) :-

�� �q;)-� =g41q;e=c1 -nff �m�t!JOT��. � �q;)-� ti41cf>'lta e);rtqm

lf fflf \jf@T � I cIT �lf ��cfijCNf6� �&;)4 !JUT '3Nni 6f \jf@f � I \iff �t� ftm tR
ID'ffl�l�mPRiRt� ��crnl�l�fffiTq;)-NcfSPoleq;gat_1.

t!41cffi� af.fllPolarity cffl'�fflt� q-('\(;j41 cITT�6T�cITT�ci>r�<lffilt I

�t ���fflN Pole cf6T�� �t�mts s Pole.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION'S
lJ Resistor :- Ohmic Value/ Wattage rating
2] Condenser :- Farad Value / Working Voltage
3] Inductor :- Inductance Value/ Ac Working Voltage
'4] Load :� Wattage rating / Working Voltage
5] Diode :- PIV rating/ Current rating

TRANSFORMER

o_ •._ ..:
 � GT Coil t;?q) WR� tfffi �- mat!� t;?q) � � il•�feq; 4iclcffi � ij) IDxT
- I � � � w@t ! I <l6 t;?q) � \iqcp'<UI ! .I \jf) � cffl'
cblecfl � I R;it1� -� '3c<tf.i. 6@T !
· �mcp1,_cJR'{1q)fil!I ffl t;?q)cfn<!t ijfffil !I��!��� mt<f� �
!��!,
<;l.=ti4il4! 13!,S3R1 9.=hscfe.=t1 cl> fflctil-ii � ffl cJRfil ! I ffl
1) � e11("e\J1 w:r
q;)- 3N 3T� � � m��
2) �cffl"cf���
यह करंट को कम या Iज्यादा कर सकता है |
3) �GTfctiwrrcffl'�3T�31WT31Wfffi��--I
4) �y:fl;grff �����'1ffcf!I

2) 3lTc) �lrf14il4!
3) '111�'{-flc-l� �lrf14il':f'<!

�m� �1-i1CJi1tj-< it �if>�� t11��41, �l�'i.fl t11��41-� �tmft� 31'\x

�lro{-14il4'< cT6T mTTlT � \iffiTT ! i '3fITT \14<16'c:1 Cll("e.\it � � Cll("C\11 cfTT \it'{fi-<o � I

2) �-�
�m� �l.:=ti4i'fi:f-< � �if>�� q1��41, �,�'1� q1�fl41, �qjl=f'�!��ci>-s-tl
���t
q'f<""e\11, l'.11�'1.fl Cll("e\11 1

__________ ___, 24 ,.._...___________

-3)3Tic)- �l.-fl4il4-< -
3Tfc) �1.-fllhlifx if��� qllt�•I IDcfi 61 � 3TWf
31WT q'1c--e..Jt ij)_ � 3Tc11T 3Tc11T -efti1r PtcJ>Jl � 6Rft � �
� Voltage ij)� Common cf 230 V/AC � tapping
cWrilc-ft-'11Tcft't,

'34�)•1: ��lr'<i4iPtfcf61'34lfl'I ���� Supply Voltage il ��J q.flc1cf-1 �

6T I$¥: T.V. � Voltage �-q-Oc:1cf11 <1'A' ij;"�lf6 Auto Transformer crn'f ��\jf@f ...
�-��Electrical ISOLATION 3Wf��.:t" 6T I
� �l.-fl4il't'< 11 s:llltit.fl q f14>0,s;fl clllt�•I �mcfl"6
� Primary Voltage cf Secondary Voltage 1ft WJFJ mat I � !ihGficJ>cl che);::gel cffl' FU
� ij;° � Cable Hut Jf � 6 I � �t.tfl_g-=tf 1120 : 1120 6ffiT 61

RECTIFIER (�q-e)q:,1?.l-<) :-
���fcri:rrr6� AC Supply cITTDC Supply il 61Gffi1161 �ctillih4>�fcriwl cJ>6clldl
6 t �-s1m-s cnJ �M'il&t ��61-sRl1-s �fli:ftcJ>1\$cte.x �ql�ti 6���fG'mil
qITTf � 6" I
 •
•

1-HALF WAVE RECTIFIER (m� �crel4il�'<) :-

� � i:t' ffilR;i q14�aj �1ajq,1if'< � ��"\S.fl i:t' � :Sll!):S cl•ll�I 11m t� AC 'ij)
q'ffttfecg 6T'litil�ct5cl � Diode ffl cpfflf� cf4�ifch :s14):g �Forward bias i:1-lft Supply
cffl"mfcJ;xof61

AC $Negative½ Cycle $GRR��cnll Supply qffi�mcficfl!li4; ���

Reverse bias mcfi 6 I �*1>14>1'< ��Load Resistance� ftm 'CR '3fl" DC mtcf M' 6 qg ·
t
half wave $ ffi i:t' mtcf mcft G)- +ve Pulse ij> � � � mGT 6 3Tff: � half wave
De cn6Cl6' r � qcffifflq.-ffl �mal6��m"ff 6' I

Ripple factor = RMS 0/P - means Ac voltage divided by Ayerage Dcin o/p

Note : 6Tll) � �cre1lhlll'< q;)" crnT � ffl 6 � q>i, � � 3Tfcf�� 'ITT I

FULL WAVE RECTIFIER (�"ijq��lhRN) :-
��� ql��'I �lrftlhl4x (�eftrrcm;Jt �l-i-14il':fx) � fl&,..-_g,t} �$TI"�G)­
Diode Wlm'11Tcf6'� -sll!)-s DI cfD2 ��ct5.=t:Scfc! 6R)-��$rr-s1l!):S '-RAC cfit+
ve ½ Cycle 3lffiT 6 I � Gf1T � 'CR !>klllqdf ffl � + ve ½ Cycle 3Trcfi 6 � fil>llT $
4R011&1 � atl'3cge fuxT tR\JIT DC mt<f mat 6 � m CJRTI $� �� �ffl"
6� c-Plkil'< tJR-1 f?ic1d) wftt�Effic.iency � 81.2% mcftt ��llicfcx
0.402 mfil°61
FULL WAVE BRIDGE RECTIFIER(�� raGt�cfellhllN) :-
Gtif transfonnet cm, single Winding� secondary� A AA� +ve cf BAA� -ve cfil'\ffl
��Diode D2 �. + ve ½ Cycle PlcJ>clclN��load� �diode D4 � PlcJ>clc6'<
transformer� secondary point� B-ve 3TT GJ@T t I� fg-�transformer� secondary
� ftR A� (--) cf B ·�"CR' (+) 6@Tt filtfl.�il +½ -sl4)-s D3 � Picl>lclcl>-< Load�
�'< -sl4)-s D1 �transformer Plc6cl4>'< secondary point.A� 3Tf\jflfflt I

� � AC � � 't1i�c6cl q)f tI'f '3q4)•1 IDffi t 1 � Efficiency � 6Rft' t 31R

Rippleilgcf�-g)cft1

. Efficiency 81 �2%
RipplefactOr 0.482%
NOTE·: ��$.Rectifier if current q)f loss ;;gt m'ffi t I
FILTER cmCUIT (fGicre'< �) :-

�WPR-�Filter�il chock llTlnductorcmmmtft�Gi qc'Jlllm\if@l� ct4lfch choke

·cm series if�� DC tJmIDcftt I� Ac induc�d current ��iilscf cJ;lf o)'\jffift
t' I Conderser cm Ckt � Parallel il clll'lllr GJ@T t I � AC cm QR,�� � DC ij;)
Short ckt �� � � � � W0' Filter ckt il Resistance q)f ,ft� fclxlr \if@l t' ·1
· �Resistance AC/DC �GFftiji�WJFr��fflcrufit I ��ffl�lf
%� Yilcrei{fi q;ytrnr�t 1·
fq;<fex :afcfrecfA"WPR�'fflcf t :­
. 1 �QR!ci � fq;<fe'< �
2 'flTq)� fqi("C{ �-
3 �fGtte.rfl ¢qR!a ftb<"G'< filk.

•
. "'
, �-, ·:·;; ;/ t·-": ,;, ,. L
. .
·i.t:;·-
,t'�,"! 1 -
· •
f· • .:·

,C:. • · · ' "'c.....a-11.L •

·,.:l.c:"""
.·
_ .. . 'if'--r:.
·: . ,"'f'.�-
·,.. •,;.;.
' · . ..,,.i.:•.•.
--��- .
-----�
- ,., l!"f""-�
�,- ·. ,.. -..;.·. . .._. :··· ...: ., ,,-.-
. .. � c..
. ....-.� .:,....,'
.. ·.
•

.. ,�····
. I
.
�.
. ,:

_ <16 Filtration cf)f � tll'11R.t am tlwT ffiTcffl' t I � AC Pulse Q5T By pass � �

Load ijiParallel lf �Electrolyte Capacitor q;r�fc);lrruf@Tt' I �t1Mc6N � ftbie.ff rffl'
Capacitor input filter lIT Shunt Capacitor ftb<"e.'( �t I � � il' Capacitor �'qfijf,
. �fl-tmjf cf>l-m1 cl•lldlx �t I ��Q5T�w:TA flCcrii( f?tclcfl ffiftt I �fl�� <16
Pulsating DC Smoth DC lf � urrc:fi t I
.------------------.
.-
___
\--1 ---·---
l
� ......
1
. L
·:1).�,
.fv� � . c__
��c+·,f 1_":.1' ..
.. ..1. ...
. .. ·- ...
'• . ,,. .

�r=c45qff1c·.x � m, tft�Gi if �cfcll�&1 ·4t�Filter����\ill�t I�

� � cfcll�cl cr5J =crlcf) � fqj<re'< ¢6clk11 t I �.fl�Gi lf � Coil AC iji � �
high impedence �fR6ffl�t 3TR AC q;)'�t' I Afc);;f DCiji� Short Ckt�
� ffl � t I
'C?c6 � _fihc?c-< � cl•lktl'< �crellf>llN � � t I \iii£� Capacitor t ���Filter
if Wc@'til�cbcl ifsq·cpi:r 1fPT ��Current ifflcft t I $iR:ltcl� -� � qgl �-Rl'ilcl �
!Giel� Redifer� Load t� � Current J:rmcffi'� t I� L-C fen&-< 1fi �ti
�AC� Rm s)�ql&fl � ijcp ffirn 6T GITTft t I

3) �IGtte.-fl 4>Clffle'< fchci-e-< flfclre

• ,+

__,. I.....�--·
.... -c--
�-�-it-..-. """"v,./\/V,.,,.,..

'
______. T-___
���:�
'
_,__

m- � t � 31"1e�e cJ)R cJ>T � � q;iJ 6Tffl � crnl Coil c5t � 'til'11"'4

Resistance <.oT � � \iITffi t I cpq � tR ?16 Ckt �- ffl cJ>WT t I cM �
��ctil1 � 1fi lTo fchlhl�cfl Wf 6' I

Low Pass Filter • � tri'ti' fch<fe-<

� ShlcM-fft cm=r�t��lf �(§lql tJmt i
L I =L2 =L · 3 lOOHz
C 1 = C2 ==.C3

High Pass Filter - � Yi\cr4-«I qfff cmm t I

Cl =C2 IOOK.Hz
� 61�41tt fchcrc< ��lfAijcp<Wf� ©icM� cffi'fflffiToWT��<Wr ©icM�
q;)-qm�t I c!t. cft. i1'���Differentiator�� 61,41tt fch<"C"< �t.1

Band Pass Filter (�Qlff fct;crc<) :-

���Filter�, ·\iTI �c:Mf.-fttfi ij;" ��cffl' ttm"cfffiff t I 31R �� �cpJJ �l�
cm-�
t:JR cfTT Frequency t ·cf6 � tJffi fct;R"< cf>6&tldl � I �."WPR � fcl;R-< � � ·
� tJffi-� cfR% 'lfi "ID� t I

. ��
,�,'.�J-

Band Stop Filter(�� fchR-<) :-

� � RJtl fct;(-re.'( �cMrtft ij;" � � cffl" � � I � � � ij;" � � c5" wfi
t
©icMr-fft Band cffl" .Qffi cJffiTT I -qq> � � fchie-<

��crc-ftiJA"cf?t ©>cM-=tft cffi3R'fJTffi����cl�Plcftt fchcrc-< cm�'lfi

-cf>x��I
ST-04
 Primary Cell
Secondary Cell
Primary Cell
a Dry Cell I
b
Secondary Cell
i. Lead Acid Cell
a b VRLA c
ii. Alkaline Cell
a b c

I
Leclanche Cell Zinc -Ve
NH4CI
+Ve Mno2

STTC/GZB/ST-04 1
 Zn+2NH4CI+2Mno��ZnCI2+2NH3+2MnO2+H2O

+ C C C
- Zn Zn
NH4CI + NH4CI + NaOH +
MnO2 MnO2
50 AH 50AH to 100 AH 500 AH
1.5 V 1.5 V 1.5 V
1.1 V 1.1 V 0.9 V

Specific Gravity +

Capacity 40 AH, 80 AH,

400 AH 80 AH

STTC/GZB/ST-04 2
 A. +ve PLATE Pbo2 +ve
terminal
B. -ve PLATE Pb .-ve
.+ve
C.

D.
E. PVC
F. Level
G.
H. .+ve .-ve

I.

Ni-CD

��

PERCENTAGE OF POLARISATION

%
% = (E-V)/E x 100 V=
E=
Internal
Resistance
2� �
r�� d
r�� 1/A
Age Age
E V I
E-V = r
I
STTC/GZB/ST-04 3
 E.M.F. = +
E = V + Ir r=
Ir = E - V
r=E-V I = V/R
I
r=E-V � �r = RX (E - V)
V/R (V)

A LOCAL ACTION -ve

B POLARISATION +ve

Mno2 Deploriser

i v
ii

COMBINATION OF CELLS
i Series ii Parallel iii Series-parallel Connections
SERIES CONNECTION +ve -ve
+ve -ve

=
=

STTC/GZB/ST-04 4
 PARALLEL CONNECTIONS
+ve -ve

=
=

SERIES-PARALLEL CONNECTIONS
Paralle

AH

STTC/GZB/ST-04 5
 CONSTANT CURRENT METHOD

+ve -ve Pb
��
Pbso4
-2e + Pb + H2SO4 = PbSO4 + 2H+
H O
+ -
H2O = 2H + O
O2
-ve
PbSO4 + 2H+� Pb + H2SO4 - 2e
+ve
PbSO4 + O + H2O� PbO2 + H2SO4
Pb PbO2
H2SO4

H2SO4 2H+ + SO4 - -

+ve
PbO2 + 2H+ = PbO + H2O - 2e-

STTC/GZB/ST-04 6
 PbO + H2SO4 PbSO4 + H2O
+ve
-ve SO4
Pb + SO4- - PbSO4 - 2e - -
PbSO4

I.
II. 80AH
80/25 = 3.2 Amp
III.
6x2.2x120/100=16v
IV. 2.2V +

H2SO4

i
ii H2SO4

iii H2SO4
iv
v

STTC/GZB/ST-04 7
 vi � H2SO4
o
vii C
viii
ix
x
�
xi

xii
xiii

i
ii
iii AH/25
iv v
�
v
vi

o
vii C
viii
AH/10

ix

A. BOOST CHARGING QUICK CHARGING

B. FLOAT CHARGING
AC
main
C. TRICKLE CHARGING

STTC/GZB/ST-04 8
 current mA 400 AH 400 mA

COMPARATIVE DATA OF SECONDARY CELLS

MAKE OF BATTERY STANDARD AMCD CHLORIDE AMCO STANDARD
50G 2A ST 40 TB 401 SI 80 Spg. 5A

CAPACITY AT 10 HOURS 40 AH 40 AH 40 AH 80 AH 100 AH

RATE OF DISCHARGE
FIRST CHARGE 2 AMP. 1.6 AMP. 5 AMP. 3.2 AMP. 5 AMP.
CURRENT
FIRST CHARGE AH INPUT 200 AH 1.6X80 210 AH 3.2X80=256 ah 500 AH
= 128 AH (APPX) Not
(APPX) Mentiond
NORMAL RECHARGE 4. Amp. 5.5 Amp. Not 11.2 Amp. 10 Amp.
Mentioned
FINISHING CHARGE 1.5 Amp. 2.8 Amp. 2.5 Amp. 5.6 Amp. 4 Amp.
CURRENT
QUANTITY OF ACID PER 2 LETER Not 1.4 LETER Not 2.2 LETER
CELLSFOR FIRST FILLING Mentioned Mentioned
SP. GR. OF ELECTROLYTE 1.210 1.200 1.200 1.200 1.210
OF FULLY CHARGED +. 005 +. 005 +. 005 +. 005 +. 0005
TIME OF INITIAL CHARGING 100 HRS 80 HRS 66 HRS 80 HRS 100 HRS
MAX. PERMISSIBLE OF CELL 2.55 V 2.4 V 2.7 V 2.4 V 2.55 V
MAX. PERMISSIBLE 50 C 50 C 50 C 50 C 50 C
TEMP. DURING CHARGING
SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF 1.190 1.190 1.190 1.80 1.190
ACID FOR FIRST FILLING
END OF. OF CYCLES OF 2 2 2/3 2 2
CHARGE / DISCHARGE
END POINT VOLTAGE OF 1.8 V 1.8 V 1.8 V 1.8 V 1.8 V
CELL

i Sulphation

ii Buckling

STTC/GZB/ST-04 9
iii Internal Short Circuit

iv Loss of Capacity

v Internal Discharge

vi Low Density of Electrolyte

vii High Density of Electolyte

viii Reverse Voltage

STTC/GZB/ST-04 10
ix Shedding

x Sludge

xi Open Circuit

xii Temperature Trouble

Separaters

VALVE REGULATED ACID BATTERIES

glass mat separator
VRLA
saturate

VRLA Patented
MFX alloy
Pb - Ca alloy

VRLA Oxygen Recombination Principal

STTC/GZB/ST-04 11
 �
�
� Self Discharge

� Vertical Horizontal
STACK
�

STTC/GZB/ST-04 12
 AC DC

AC,

Selector Switch,
D.C.

A STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER VOLT AC

AC v v v v v

B RECTIFIER AC DC
C REGULATOR SWITCH

D FILTER CIRCUIT DC DC Smooth DC

E VOLT METER
F AMPERER METER
G DC DC. OUTPUT TERMINAL
VA
= x x AH/10 + x
x
V AH A

= 24x6x (120/10+2)x2.5
0.8x0.90

STTC/GZB/ST-04 13
 = 7000 VA = 7KVA
= (AH/10+ ) x 2.5
= (120/10+2) x 2.5
= 0.35 A
Recommended Maxi. Permissible load
AH/10 Recommended Maximum
current rating Permissible
AH AH x 2.5/10 Load AH
x1.5/10
1 40 4 10 6
2 80 8 20 12
3 120 12 30 18
4 200 20 50 30

Auto float Auto Boost Auto

float mode 2.12V/ 2.3V/
PCB Boost

Auto Float/Auto Boost

Boost Mode

2.4V Float

Auto
LED

DC

AC

HRC

PCB

STTC/GZB/ST-04 14
 2.12V
2.3V

AC LEC AC

LED
LED
LED Auto

LED LED

LED
LED
LED LED

Auto SSE/SE/

AC

Mutual Inducation

EMF
N2 � I1
M
N2�2���I1, N2�2 = M

STTC/GZB/ST-04 15
 Step Up

Stap Down

mA VDC
=
Pp = Ps
Vplp = Psls
Vp = Is
Vs = Ip
NS = Np =
Vp = Ip =
Uls = Vs =

= No Full Load Voltage

No Load Voltage
DC AC

Transister
SCR

STTC/GZB/ST-04 16
 UPS

AC
ON UPS
AC
AC

STTC/GZB/ST-04 17
 IPS
DC

CVT - SIGNAL

V (N+1+1)
Inventor 1, 2 V
Transformer

> > >

Auto C/o
Swtich
(160-270)
110V, 20A
Cold V
Standby

2.2Vx55cell
V
V

CVT-TRACK

(> >

>
V

Spare/Weak Cell Ch.

2v, 50A
2v, 5.0A
Motor

SMPS

DC DC-DC
DC AC AC

IPS RRI

STTC/GZB/ST-04 18
STTC/GZB/ST-04 19
STTC/GZB/ST-04 20
 STTC/GZB/ST-04 21

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