Professional Documents
Culture Documents
• Anaphylactic Reaction
• Cytotoxic Reaction
Adverse Drug Reaction • Serum Sickness Reaction
Undesired effects that may be unpleasant or even • Delayed Allergic Reaction
dangerous
Reasons Adverse Drug Reactions Occur
The drug may have other effects on the body
besides the therapeutic effect.
The patient is sensitive to the drug being given.
The drug’s action on the body causes other
responses that are undesired or unpleasant.
The patient is taking too much or too little of the
drug.
Types of Adverse Reactions
Primary Actions
○ Overdose; extension of the desired effect
Secondary Actions
○ Undesired effects produced in addition to
the pharmacologic effect
Hypersensitivity Reactions
○ Excessive response to primary or
secondary effect of drug
Dermatologic Reactions
Rash/Hives
Assessment
Abnormalities in the skin, red area,
blisters
Interventions
May need to discontinue the
medication in severe cases
Stomatitis
Assessment Drug-Induced Tissue and Organ Damage
Inflammation of the mucous Superinfections
membranes ▪ Destruction of the body’s normal flora
Organ Damage Dermatological Reactions ▪ Superinfections is when normal flora are
Adverse reactions involving the skin. drugs destroyed by drugs (antibiotics)
deposit toxic chemical reaction causing irritation Assessment
to the tissue ▪ Fever, diarrhea, vaginal discharge
Can range from simple rash to potential fatal Interventions
exfoliate dermatitis. ▪ Supportive care (mouth and skin care),
administer antifungal medications as
Nursing Care: needed, may also need to stop drug
• In severe cases, D/C drug and notify AP responsible for the superinfection
• Topical corticosteroids, antihistamines and
Blood Dyscrasia Teratogenicity
emollients are used. Teratogenicity: Any drug that causes harm
▪ Bone marrow suppression
Stomatitis ▪ any abnormal condition of the blood. to the developing fetus or embryo
• Direct toxic reaction to the dug deposits in ▪ Is bone marrow suppression. • Teaching to prevent teratogenicity
the end capillaries in the mucous ▪ Use of antineoplastics and antibiotics • Advise the pregnant woman that
any medication may have possible
membranes, leading to inflammation. ▪ Bone marrow cells multiply rapidly.
effects on the baby.
Nursing care: ▪ Multiple Cell division, highly susceptible
• Weigh the actual benefits against
• Frequent small meals to any agents that disrupts cell
the potential risks.
Dental consultation function. • Discuss with pregnant women that
• Antifungal agents and/or local anesthetics Assessment they should not take medications
are sometimes used. ▪ Fever, chills, weakness without checking with their health
Interventions care provider first.
▪ Monitor blood counts, protective All pregnant women should be advised
isolation not to self-medicate during pregnancy.
INTERVENTION:
• Provide emotional and physical
support for dealing with fetal death
or birth defects.
Pharmacology Page 1