Volume xlVIii issue no.

2 2019

THE
ELECTRICAL
ENGINEER THE OFFICIAL MAGAZINE OF THE INSTITUTE OF
INTEGRATED electrical engineers of the
philippines, inc.

CLIMATE EXPLAINED:
WHY DON'T WE
HAVE ELECTRIC
AIRCRAFT?
P.7
SHORT
CIRCUIT
P.44

“REPUBLIC ACT NO. 11285

THE ENERGY
EFFICIENCY AND

CONSERVATION ACT
 ABOUT
THE COVER

I N T E G R I T Y. I N N O V A T I O N . E M P O W E R M E N T. E X C E L L E N C E .

2019 THEME
"IIEE@44: DISTINCTIVE JOURNEY IN ADVANCING
GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS"

MEET THE TEAM

T H E E L E C T R I CA L E N G I N E E R E D I T O R I A L B OA R D
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF MARIA JOSENIA R. BAUTRO
ASSOCIATE EDITOR MARVIN H. CASEDA
MANAGING EDITORS
LUZON JOSELITO S. ORTICIO
VISAYAS VITINI EDHARD IDEMNE
MINDANAO MARIE SANITA SILAO-FUERTES
E D I T O R I A L S TA F F
EDITORIAL ASSISTANT/LAYOUT ARTIST ARON D. RICAFRENTE
CONTRIBUTING WRITERS ANDY AZUCENA
LARRY E. GRACILLA
JOSELITO ORTICIO

WITH REPORTS FROM DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

P U B L I CAT I O N S C O M M I T T E E
CHAIRMAN
MEMBERS
OVERSEER
2 0 1 9 I I E E B OA R D O F G OV E R N O R S
NATIONAL PRESIDENT
VP-INTERNAL AFFAIRS
VP-EXTERNAL AFFAIRS
VP-TECHNICAL AFFAIRS
NATIONAL SECRETARY
NATIONAL TREASURER
NATIONAL AUDITOR
IMMEDIATE FORMER PRESIDENT
GOVERNOR-NORTHERN LUZON
GOVERNOR-CENTRAL LUZON
GOVERNOR-METRO MANILA
GOVERNOR-SOUTHERN LUZON
GOVERNOR-BICOL
GOVERNOR-WESTERN VISAYAS
GOVERNOR-EASTERN/CENTRAL VISAYAS
GOVERNOR-NORTHERN MINDANAO
GOVERNOR-SOUTHERN MINDANAO
GOVERNOR-WESTERN MINDANAO
INTERIM GOVERNOR- MIDDLE EAST
I I E E N AT I O N A L S E C R E TA R I AT D E PA R T M E N T H E A D S
ADMINISTRATIVE
HUMAN RESOURCE AND DEVELOPMENT
PUBLIC INFORMATION & MIS
MARKETING
MEMBERSHIP
FINANCE
NATIONAL ELECTRIFICATION ADMINISTRATION
NATIONAL POWER CORPORATION
“REPUBLIC ACT NO. 11285
DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION AND THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND
COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY
NATIONAL TRANSMISSION CORPORATION CONSERVATION ACT”
MARIA JOSENIA R. BAUTRO
The recent passage of
MARVIN H. CASEDA the Energy Efficiency and
VITINI EDHARD IDEMNE Conservation Act (EE&C) by
JOSELITO S. ORTICIO
MARIE SANITA SILAO-FUERTES
the Congress is a boost to
LYNDON R. BAGUE end-users against the ever-
increasing energy prices in
the country. According to data
gathered by an organization of
CIRILO C. CALIBJO
EUGENIO F. ARAULLO energy efficiency stakeholders,
RODRIGO T. PECOLERA
LYNDON R. BAGUE
the energy end-user collectively
ALLAN ANTHONY P. ALVAREZ stands to save 37 Trillion pesos
FLORENCIO D. BERENGUEL from now until 2040.
FRANCIS R. CALANIO
NOEL T. FERNANDEZ
GILMAN P. BARCASE
RODEL I. DELA TORRE
Our Cover depicts the need to
ROLAND P. VASQUEZ retrofit current structures into a
ESPERANZA AGGARAO COLLADO
JORGE I. TABIRARA suitable and compliant energy
JAPHETH R. MAPA
FELIPE C. NILLAMA
efficient buildings. It also shows
SANDRO R. VILLAROSA that using energy efficient
DAN B. JUSON
RICHARD O. LIZARDO
devices or equipment could
VICTORINO C. ABEJERO help save in cost as against the
use of conventional means.
MA. ELENA U. LIONGSON
KRISTINE BERNADETTE J. LLAMAS
YHELLA N. MIRARAN
MARY ANN B. GUILLEN
ALMA C. LARCE
JENNY J. ARADA

TO GOD BE ALL THE GLORY

The Electrical Engineer is published twice a year by the Institute of Integrated

Electrical Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (IIEE), with editorial and business office at
#41 Monte de Piedad St., Cubao, Quezon City, Philippines. COVER PHOTO CONTRIBUTED FOR THE
Tel Nos. (632) 414-5626, Fax Nos. (632) 721-6442 & 410-1899. ELECTRICAL ENGINEER
Website: www.iiee.org.ph; E-mail: eemagazine@iiee.org.ph.
For an e-copy, you may visit our website, www.iiee.org.ph V O L U M E X LV I I
DOUBLE ISSUE 2018
The present circulation of the magazine is 55,000 copies per issue
to members and industry stakeholders. ISSN 0115-6322
 MISSION
EE
20
To enhance the competencies of electrical
19
practitioners to make positive contribution
towards new trends and technologies.
To be an authority of electrical engineering
services that results to safe, reliable and
efficient systems.
To consistently deliver high quality
products and services duly recognized by
international organizations and institutions.
To promote awareness on the use of
environmentally friendly electrical products,
services and resources as well as active
participation on disaster preparedness and
recovery programs.
VISION
To be the leading electrical professional
organization globally.
The views and opinions expressed by the
contributors of The Electrical Engineer do
not necessarily reflect the views the editors
and publishers of the magazine or of the
Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers
of the Philippines, Inc. (IIEE). IIEE and the
editorial board carry no responsibility for the
opinions expressed in the magazine.
Articles or visual materials may not be
reproduced without written consent from
the publisher. The publisher reserves the
right to accept, edit, or refuse submitted
materials for publication.
IIEE.ORG.PH VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 2 |
MARIA JOSENIA R. BAUTRO, PEE
2018 SLR Governor
"Life is great, enjoy it. You need not wait!"
MARIE SANITA SILAO-FUERTES
Professional Electrical Engineer
2018 Regional Governor Western Mindanao Region
Member - 2019 IIEE Publications Committee
IIEE Lifetime Member
VITINI EDHARD IDEMNE
REE, praise and worships God, loves his three
panggas, blends math and arts, football and
volleyball!
JOSELITO S. ORTICIO
An EE Professor who passionately shared his
knowledge. His motto "to serve and be a blessing
to someone day by day.
ARON D. RICAFRENTE
I.T, Photographer, Musician and Party DJ.
His Motto "Work for a Cause not for Applause.
ANDY AZUCENA
Registered Electrical Engineer and Regular
Member of IIEE.
LARRY E. GRACILLA
Registered Electrical Engineer, an Asst. Professor
at Sorsogon State University, and a pastor in his
congregation.
UNIVERSITY OF BATANGAS
The University of Batangas, a stock non-sectarian,
private educational institution,believes in the
pursuit of knowledge,values and skills necessary for
the preservation and improvement of the philippine
society.
3
20 THE
ELECTRICAL
19 ENGINEER

7 CLIMATE EXPLAINED:
WHY DON'T WE HAVE ELECTRIC
AIRCRAFT? Electric cars, trains, trams and boats
already exist. That logically leads to the question: why
are we not seeing large electric aircraft? And will we see

7
them any time soon? Aeronautical engineering academic,
Dr Dries Verstraete explains

12 HEALTH
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (MI), commonly
known as a heart attack, occurs when a portion of the
heart is deprived of oxygen due to blockage of a coronary
artery.
27 WHAT'S NEWS
IIEE, HEI’S TIE UP TO PROVIDE
14 FEATURE'S
FOUNDING ANNIVERSARY.
TECHNICAL EXPERTISE TO EC, GOVT.
Providing Technical Expertise, Consultancy and
The Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers of the Professional Public Services to Indegent Member-
Philippines, Incorporated or IIEE for most of us, was Consumers of Sorsogon Electric Cooperative 2 within
registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission its coverage franchise area, and Conducting the first
on 15 September 1975. Competitive Selection Process(CSP) in the Philippines
successfully.

16 WHAT'S NEWS
SMART SOLAR NETWORK PILOT 44 TECHNICAL
SHORT CIRCUIT. Safe use of overcurrent
PROJECT LIGHTS UP OFF-GRID protection devices requires short circuit study. The
ISLAND IN BUSUANGA, PALAWAN.
protection of an electrical system should not only be safe
under all service condition but it should also be selectively
17 WHAT'S NEWS
ENERGY LEADERS FOR A
coordinated to so that continuity of service can be
achieved. Overcurrent protection devices should provide
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY FUTURE short circuit protection as well as overload protection for
the system components.

22 COVER STORY
“REPUBLIC ACT NO. 11285 THE ENERGY
EFFICIENCY AND CONSERVATION ACT.
Once fully implemented and as a policy of the state, RA
11285 would impact not only our government agencies
but private entities and in so doing, the entire nation as
a whole.

4 | VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 2 IIEE.ORG.PH

 20 FEATURES
LET’S GET TO KNOW THE
FELLOWS TOO. Many of us, members of IIEE are

27
not familiar with the College of Fellows. We often meet
them during IIEE Conferences and Conventions where
most of them share their expertise and knowledge in our
field of specialization which is Electrical Engineering and
their presence can also be seen during IIEE Committee
meetings where some of them are Committee Chairperson
or Committee Members.

30 32 FEATURES
REVISITING OUR ENGINEERING
CODE OF ETHICS Integration the Electrical
Engineering Professions. – The electrical engineering
professions shall be integrated into one national
organization which shall be recognized by the Board as
the one and only integrated and accredited association
of professional electrical engineers, registered electrical
engineers and registered master electricians

14
30 EE WOMAN
“LIFE IS A TRIP THAT WE SHOULD ALL
ENJOY,” SAYS KIM FROM THE NORTH
This budding beauty from San Jose, Batangas, began her
career in Electrical Engineering four years ago. A Lasallite
since grade school, she finished her Bachelor’s degree in
Electrical Engineering at De La Salle Lipa.

37 TECHNICAL
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF
DRAGLESS VERTICAL AXIS WIND
TURBINE

18
18 FEATURES
REMINISCING IIEE’S HISTORY. Before
the Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers of the
Philippines, Incorporated (IIEE) was founded and came to
its being, an organization called the Philippine Association
of Mechanical and Electrical Engineers (PAMEE) already
existed

28 TRAVEL
RICH BATANGAS. Batangas Province founded in
20
1581, was originally composed of the present provinces
of Batangas, Mindoro, and Marinduque, including the
Southeast portion of Laguna and even reaching as far as
Camarines.

28
25 TECHNICAL
INTELLIGENT ENERGY RECOVERY
SYSTEM (IERS).

IIEE.ORG.PH VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 2 | 5

FROM THE EDITOR

FULFILLMENT
OF A COMMITMENT DESERVES
A WELL-MEANING COMPLIMENT
F
ulfillment of a commitment
deserves a well-meaning
compliment – and for starters this
is what I am doing, to commend
the 2019 Publications Committee
members for fulfilling the PubCom’s
commitment to publish two (2) issues of
the EE Magazine before the year ends.
The team was able to do so through
Intellectual contributions, Inspired
meeting of minds, Excellent team work
and Engagement to fulfill and meet
our members expectation. Thank you
PubCom. Yes, we did it!

As we approach ANC, and prepare

for IIEE’s 45th year in 2020, let us all
MARIA JOSENIA R. BAUTRO look back and reminisce the years
THE ELECTRICAL ENGINEER when IIEE came to be and get to
MAGAZINE know our Institute better. Let’s get to
2019, EDITOR-IN-CHIEF know IIEE’s National Presidents, our
leaders, who led us to where we are
now, and discover that aside from our
Senior Members, we have the College
of Fellows whose dedication to IIEE
exemplify their genuine desire to do good for the organization by being around to share their expertise in electrical engineering
as lecturers during conferences/conventions, and as committee chairmen/members in IIEE.

Indeed, 2019 has been a challenging year with issues and comments (especially on social media) that has somehow brought
confusion, questions, and mostly personal opinions that are pro- and anti-, in everyone’s retrospect. Yet, we are one in IIEE, and
whatever issues there are, we try our best to resolve them in a way that is judicious, reasonable, and benevolent. After all, let us
be reminded that we are educated people, licensed electrical practitioners, and we are members of an Accredited Professional
Organization under the Professional Regulation Commission where ethics is a part of our professional practice. Our article
on Professional Ethics is part of our reminiscing theme because for young-once members it is simply revisiting what has been
practiced since then, and for the young ones, it is to educate/introduce them to the real professional practice where ethics co-
exists with numbers and science.

Our cover story, RA 11285 – The Energy Efficiency and Conservation Act leads us to new avenues of the proper use energy
instead of wasting them. Since the law is still new, we focused on its impacts, and our responsibility as energy users. The
government through its agencies responsible for the implementation of the law have just started coordinating with major
stakeholders and has just created links to other entities that may somehow contribute to the successful implementation of
RA11285. Let’s do our share at IIEE, familiarize ourselves with this law and be part of its implementation for the benefit of the
nation. A gentle reminder, IIEE has Philippines in its title, so part of our genuine desire to do good is for our country. (And I hope
we all agree on this.)

As promised on our First Issue, the continuation of the article on Voltage Drop and Short Circuit is included in this issue. This
issue’s technical articles are all about energy efficiency – The Dragless Vertical Axis Wind Turbine and the Intelligent Energy
Recovery System. In passing, our EE Woman – Kim from the North, is what I call a “pREEtty woman”.

This Second Issue is not yet good-bye, because we hope to make another one, which we will call a Supplemental. We will not
promise lots reading articles, but the issue would feast your eyes with photos of days gone-by, in the year that is TW0 – ZERO –
ONE – NINE.

My final words in this issue are wishful thoughts I’m sharing with you, because this is how I see IIEE to its members and
community.

“Our focus has always been on equipping our members with the skills, capabilities, competencies, and the
qualities for leadership so they can meaningfully serve all communities at every level.”

6 | VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 2 IIEE.ORG.PH

 MY FAIR SHARE

" Not forgetting my alma mater from down under

I hope you'll find time to read
"
My Fair Share
CLIMATE EXPLAINED:

WHY DON'T WE HAVE

ELECTRIC AIRCRAFT?
From : https://sydney.edu.au

Electric aircraft are on the horizon

23 September 2019

E
lectric cars, trains, trams and
boats already exist. That
logically leads to the question:
why are we not seeing large electric
aircraft? And will we see them any
time soon? Aeronautical engineering
academic, Dr Dries Verstraete explains.

Why do we have electric cars and

trains, but few electric planes?

The main reason is that it’s much

simpler to radically modify a car or
train, even if they look very similar
to traditional fossil-fuel vehicles on
the outside.

Land vehicles can easily cope with

the extra mass from electricity
storage or electrical propulsion
systems, but aircraft are much
more sensitive.

For instance, increasing the

mass of a car by 35% leads to an
increase in energy use of 13-
20%. But for a plane, energy use
is directly proportional to mass:
increasing its mass by 35% means
it needs 35% more energy (all
other things being equal).
But that is only part of the story.
Aircraft also travel much further
than ground vehicles, which means
a flight requires far more energy
than an average road trip. Aircraft
must store onboard all the energy
needed to move its mass for each
flight (unlike a train connected to
an electrical grid). Using a heavy
energy source thus means more
energy is needed for a flight, which
leads to extra mass, and so on and
on.
For an aircraft, mass is crucial,
which is why airlines fastidiously
weigh luggage. Electric planes
need batteries with enough energy
An experimental flying taxi, with a vertical take-off-and-landing,
was unveiled in 2019 show in Las Vegas. It is powered by a hybrid-
electric system. Photo credit: Bell/Cover Images
per kilogram of battery, or the mass penalty means they simply can’t fly
long distances.
Short-range planes
Despite this, electric aircraft are on the horizon – but you won’t be seeing
electric 747s any time soon.
Today’s best available lithium ion battery packs provide around 200
watt-hours (Wh) per kilogram, about 60 times less than current aircraft
fuel. This type of battery can power small electric air taxis with up to
four passengers over a distance of around 100km. For longer trips, more
energy-dense cells are needed.
Short-range electric commuter aircraft that carry up to 30 people for less
than 800km, for instance, specifically require between 750 and 2,000Wh/
kg, which is some 6-17% of kerosene-based jet fuel’s energy content.
Even larger aircraft require increasingly lighter batteries. For example,
a plane carrying 140 passengers for 1,500km consumes about 30kg of

IIEE.ORG.PH VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 2 | 7

 MY FAIR SHARE

kerosene per passenger. With current An experimental flying taxi, with a vertical take-off-and-landing,
battery technology, almost 1,000kg of was unveiled in 2019 show in Las Vegas. It is powered by a hybrid-
batteries is needed per passenger. electric system. Photo credit: Bell/Cover Images

To make regional commuter aircraft

fully electric requires a four- to tenfold
reduction in battery weight. The long-
term historical rate of improvement in
battery energy has been around 3-4%
per year, doubling roughly every two
decades. Based on a continuation
of this historical trend, the fourfold
improvement needed for a fully electric
commuter aircraft could potentially be
reached around mid-century.

While this may seem an incredibly long

wait, this is consistent with the timescale
of change in the aviation industry for
both the infrastructure and aircraft
design lifecycles. A new aircraft takes
around 5-10 years to design, and will
then remain in service for two to three
decades. Some aircraft are still flying 50
years after their first flight.

Here come the hybrids Biofuels, which are fuels derived from plants or algae,
were first used on a commercial flight in 2008 and
Does this mean long-distance flying will always rely on several airlines have performed trials with them. While
fossil fuels? Not necessarily. not widely adopted, significant research is currently
investigating sustainable biofuels that do not impact
While fully electric large aircraft require a major, yet- freshwater sources or food production.
to-be-invented shift in energy storage, there are other
ways to reduce the environmental impact of flying. While biofuels do still produce CO₂, they don’t require
significant changes to existing aircraft or airport
Hybrid-electric aircraft combine fuels with electric infrastructure. Hydrogen, on the other hand, requires a
propulsion. This class of aircraft includes design without complete redesign of the fuelling infrastructure of the
batteries, where the electric propulsion system serves airport and also has a significant impact on the design
to improve the thrust efficiency, reducing the amount of of the aircraft itself.
fuel needed.
While hydrogen is very light – hydrogen contains three
Hybrid-electric aircraft with batteries are also in times more energy per kilogram than kerosene – its
development, where the batteries may provide extra density is very low, even when stored as a liquid at
power in specific circumstances. Batteries can then, for -250℃. This means that fuel can no longer be stored
instance, provide clean take-off and landing to reduce in the wing but needs to be moved to relatively heavy
emissions near airports. and bulky tanks inside the fuselage. Despite these
drawbacks, hydrogen-fuelled long-distance flights can
Electric planes are also not the only way to reduce the consume up to 12% less energy than kerosene.
direct carbon footprint of flying. Alternative fuels, such
as biofuels and hydrogen, are also being investigated. This article was first published on The Conversation
as part of The Covering Climate Now series and was
written by Dr Dries Verstraete.

8 | VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 2 IIEE.ORG.PH

 PRESIDENT'S DESK

PRESIDENT
Report
INSTITUTIONALIZE CIVIL SOCIETY ENGAGEMENT
AND PROMOTE PRO-ACTIVE CORPORATE SOCIAL
to the employees and officers of
Davao Lights.
RESPONSIBILITY

T
he institute shall continue to engage in
social issues, especially those related in the
discipline, in both discourse and practice. It
shall optimize collaboration and partnership
with public and private institutions and
organizations to support effective and efficient delivery
of the Institute’s programs. Establish functional linkages
and networking with development institutions for joint
CSR undertakings at the chapter, regional and national
levels, and shall sustain the development of a dynamic
community that is socially transformed particularly in the
deprived, depressed and underprivileged areas.
In a similar vein, for the purpose
of raising awareness in public
safety, and prevent all kinds
of destructive fires as well as
motivate the public to take fire
safety as everyone’s priority. We
have participated in the kick-off
program ceremony of the Bureau
of Fire. This program was done
by the National Office as well as by
various chapters thru the simultaneous
regional activity of the Bureau of
Fire for the purpose.

The following programs were implemented: For the purpose of

providing a venue
Collaborate with public and private institutions and towards building safety
organizations in country’s energy
and power sector,
IIEE is known for its Corporate Social Responsibility our own Electrical
Programs. This we boosted by signing a Memorandum Safety Committee
of Agreement with the ABS-CBN Foundation to launch in coordination
various projects and programs all throughout the with the Meralco
country that will redound to the benefits of small and Power Academy
impoverished communities of our country. and Safety and
Health Association
Under this partnership, we have successfully conducted of the Philippine
the subsequent programs viz; Energy Section,
have successfully
a. Rehabilitation and development of Bengaongao conducted the 4th
Caves in Tublay Benguet National Electrical
b. Assessment of Lake Bulusan in Sorsogon Safety Summit.
c. Inspection of Blaan Tribal Community & Wellness
Village in Polomolok, South Cotabato
d. Installation of a Solar Panel to Lake Sebu Project

In the same sub-agenda, we have participated to some

of the CSR programs of the Professional Regulation
Commission in coordination with various APO’, namely;

a. Assessment and/or inspection of electrical connection

of Aeta houses in Sitio Bawi, Dinalupihan, Bataan
b. PRC Tree Planting Activity in Caliraya, Resort,
Cavinti, Laguna

For the purpose of furthering this undertaking,

the Institute signed a Memorandum of Agreement
with Davao Light & Power Co., alongside Southern
Mindanao Region, we have tapped Davao Lights
as one of our partners in providing skills and
competencies through training and technical sessions

IIEE.ORG.PH VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 2 | 9

 PRESIDENT'S DESK
The National see to it that such aforesaid programs
would not go unnoticed, and IIEE’s presence is felt
nationwide, hence, optimizing for the purpose joint
Corporate Social Responsibility undertakings at
the Regional and Chapter levels. At the same time,
synchronizing all the activities and programs of the
IIEE by designing a yearly theme, thereby, arriving at
activities that would guide the Chapter, Region, and
even the National Office in its operation and pursuit
of providing a nationwide impact to our stakeholders
leaving footprints that would mark for ages.
OPTIMUM PHYSICAL, INSTRUCTIONAL AND ICT
FACILITIES
The Institute shall upgrade its facilities to international
standards and implement or establish new
infrastructures and ensure compliance to existing laws
and regulations; optimize infrastructure development
and develop an ICT Plan that will modernize IIEE services
and ensure seamless data generation and utilization by
the members and other stakeholders.
The following programs were implemented;
Upgrading of facilities and ensure compliance to
existing laws and regulations
A Chapter is the most basic group in the Institute
that serves as the core of the IIEE where activities,
transactions, and programs are honed and essentially
implemented. It functions as a micro operational unit of
the whole organization where basic unit of procedures
and processes are observed. In that regard, the Board
of Governors recently passed a resolution approving
the “Policy in the Availment of Chapter Office Building
Grant” so as to encourage the Chapter to operate as
10 | VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 2 IIEE.ORG.PH
a micro IIEE in their respective are, for the purpose of
providing instantaneous support and assistance to the
members.
Likewise, the following reconditioning and revamp were
implemented;
1. Refurbished office cubicles
2. Refurbished IIEE dormitory
3. Refurbishment of parking space
4. Development of ICT plan and ensure seamless data
generation and utilization by the members and other
stakeholders.
INSTITUTIONALIZE PRODUCTION SERVICES AND
ENHANCE INCOME GENERATING ACTIVITES
The Institute shall develop well-planned products
and services that are of value to the members. It shall
continue to explore partnership with Local/International
Trade Chambers and Industries to ensure sustainability
and growth of the 3E Expositions.
In the fulfillment of this undertaking, we have
participated to the recently concluded PhilEnergy Forum
in last September 11, 2019 in Jakarta, Indonesia. The
forum was attended by various international companies,
and delegates coming from different countries and field
of practice.
The purpose of this participation is to promote the IIEE
brand at the same time explore best practices that
can assist in providing a more extensive and engaging
International Exposition at par with international
standards during the Annual National Convention and
3EXPO as well as similar events of the Institute.
In regard of the foregoing premise, we have signed
a partnership agreement with the event organizer of
PhilEnergy Forum, Informa Markets, the said contract
was signed during the event in Jakarta, Indonesia.
QUEST OF QUALITY ASSURANCE AND
INTERNATIONAL CERTIFICATION
The Institute shall institutionalize quality assurance
mechanism that ensures compliance with national and
international standards of excellence and implement
IIEE’s distinctive competence in all products and
services. It shall also sustain ISO 9001:2015 Certification
as one of its measures of quality and excellence.
For purposes of maintaining the quality and excellence
IIEE provides to its members as well as other key
partners, the Institute is conducting a regular internal
audit, as we are serious in implementing policies
consistent with ISO Standards, IIEE have been re-
certified as ISO 9001-2015 on Quality Management.
REINFORCE TRANSPARENCY AND A SYSTEM OF
GOOD GOVERNANCE
The Institute shall imbed in its system the value of
"
continuing growth, conscientious observance of fiduciary
rules, prudent allocation of funds, and transparency in
all fiscal transactions through transparent and shared
governance. It shall institute a financial transparency
program that supports the Institute’s Vision 2020.
Along this, the Institute shall ensure to meet customer
satisfaction to include our members, CSC, and
stakeholders including our partners and linkages for
speedy delivery of the required services.
IIEE.ORG.PH
IIEE.ORG.PH VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 2 |
This was done thru the observance of fiduciary rules,
prudent allocation of funds, and transparency in all fiscal
transactions of the Institute by means of the financial
transparency program wherein we posted the 2017 and
2018 Audited Financial Statement in our official website.
A SUSTAINABLE ENERGY STRATEGY, ENERGY
SECURITY and SAFETY
The Institute in support to the Philippine Government
Renewable Energy programs as well as the advocacies
of the Philippine Green Building Initiatives, shall imbed
in the culture of the members the use and promotion of
environment-friendly products and services and assist
the government in its campaign for energy security and
sustainability agenda.
In our campaign for energy security and sustainability
agenda, as well as our pursuit of a greener pasture, we
have participated on the deliberation of RA 11285 or the
Energy Conservation Act.
All of these undertakings cannot be accomplished
unless every one of us rally behind all these projects
and programs. Therefore, I enjoin everyone to do their
individual part, even the smallest details have its spark,
glint, and eventually, collectively, brightening lives of our
partners.
Maraming Salamat po sa inyong lahat!
Mabuhay ang IIEE!
The Institute
shall develop
well-planned
products and
services that are
of value to the
members.
11
 HEALTH
PRESIDENT'S DESK

MYOCARDIAL
Words by: Engr. Maria Josenia R Bautro

INFARCTION
Graphics by: Aron D. Ricafrente

What You Need to Know

Myocardial Infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when • The cause is often
a portion of the heart is deprived of oxygen due to blockage of a coronary atherosclerosis, a buildup of fatty
artery. plaque and other material inside
the artery. The plaque is covered

T
his happens when one or more areas of the heart muscle do not get by a lining of fibrous material.
enough oxygen and when blood flow to the heart muscle is blocked. The lining can rapture, allowing
The blockage is caused by a buildup of plaque in the arteries the plaque to be released and a
(atherosclerosis). Plaque is made up of deposits, cholesterol, and other blood clot to form.
substances. When a plaque breaks (ruptures), a blood clot quickly forms. The • Irreversible damage begins
blood clot is the actual cause of the heart attack. within the 30 minutes of
Coronary arteries supply the heart muscle (myocardium) with oxygenated blockage.
blood. Without oxygen, muscle cells served by the blocked artery begin to • The goals of treatment are to
die (infarct). preserve the heart muscle and to
relieve pain, as the pain forces
If the blood and oxygen supply is cut off, the muscle cells of the heart begin the heart to work harder.
to suffer damage and start to die. Irreversible damage begins within the • Treatments may include
30 minutes of blockage. The result is, heart muscle affected by the lack of medications to improve blood
oxygen no longer works as it should. flow and dissolve the clot and
surgery to treat arteries narrowed
by the atherosclerosis.

Who are at Risk • Women who have gone through menopause.

There are two (2) types of risk factors for Generally, men are at risk at a younger age than women.
heart attack: After menopause, women are equally at risk.

A. Inherited or B. Acquired are risk factors caused by activities

genetic are risk
factors you are born
with that cannot be
changed, but can
be improved with
medical management and lifestyle
changes. These groups are the
most at risk:
• People with inherited high blood
pressure (hypertension).
• People with inherited low levels of
HDL cholesterol, high levels of LDL cholesterol, or high
levels of triglycerides.
• People with a family history of heart disease. This is
especially true if the heart disease started before age 55.
• Older men and women.
• People with Type 1 diabetes.
that we choose to include in our lives that can be
managed through lifestyle changes and clinical care.
These groups are the most at risk:
• People with acquired high blood pressure
(hypertension).
• People with inherited low levels of HDL cholesterol,
high levels of LDL cholesterol, or high levels of
triglycerides.
• Cigarette smokers.
• People who are under a lot of stress.
• People who drink too much alcohol.
• People who lead a sedentary lifestyle.
• People overweight by 30% or more
• People who eat a diet high in saturated fat.
• People with Type 2 diabetes.

12 || VOLUME
12 VOLUME XLVIII
XLVIII 2019
2019 Issue
Issue No.
No. 2
2 IIEE.ORG.PH
IIEE.ORG.PH
 What are the Warning Signs
The following are the most
common symptoms of heart
attack but each person
may have slightly different
symptoms:
• Severe pressure,
fullness, squeezing pain
or discomfort in the
center of the chest
that lasts for more than
a few minutes.•Pain or
discomfort that spreads to
the shoulders, neck, arms,
or jaw
• Chest pain that gets
worse.
• Chest pain that doesn’t get
better with rest or by taking
nitroglycerin
• Chest pain that happens with
any of these symptoms – (a)
Sweating, cool, clammy skin
or paleness, (b) Shortness of
breath, (c) Nausea or vomiting,
(d) Dizziness or fainting, (e)
Unexplained weakness or
fatigue, (f) Rapid or irregular
pulse.
*** Although chest pain is the key
warning sign of a heart attack, it may be
confused with other conditions. These
include indigestion, pleurisy, pneumonia,
tenderness of the cartilage that attaches
the front of the ribs to the breastbone,
and heartburn.
A heart attack can happen
to anyone, take time to
learn the risk factors then
take the necessary steps to
eliminate or reduce them.
Managing the Risk Factors
Here are ways to manage your risks
for a heart attack.
•Learn at which risk factors apply to
you, then take steps to eliminate or
reduce them.
•Learn about high blood pressure
and high cholesterol levels. These
may be “silent killers.”
•Change risk factors that aren’t
inherited by making lifestyle
changes. Talk with your healthcare
provider to find out how to do so.
•Talk with your healthcare provides
to find out if you have risk factors
that cannot be changed. These can
be managed with medicine and
lifestyle change.
IIEE.ORG.PH
IIEE.ORG.PH VOLUME
Treatment
The goal of
treatment for a
heart attack is
to relieve pain,
preserve the
heart muscle
function, and
prevent death.
I.Emergency Treatment
• Intravenous therapy such as
MYOCARDIA
nitroglycerin and morphine.
• Continuous monitoring of the
heart and vital signs.
• Oxygen therapy to improve
oxygenation to the damaged
heart muscle.
• Pain medicine to decrease the
INFARCTI
workload of the heart hence
decreasing oxygen demand.
• Cardiac medicine such as beta-
blockers to promote blood flow
to the heart, improve blood
supply, prevent arrhythmias, and
decrease heart rate and blood
pressure.
• Fibrinolytic therapy, the
intravenous infusion of medicine
that dissolves the blood clot,
restoring blood flow.
• Antithrombin or antiplatelet
therapy with aspirin to prevent
further blood clotting.
• Antihyperlipidemics, medicines
that lower lipids (fats) in
the blood, particularly low
density lipid (LDL) cholesterol.
Statins are a group of
antihyperlipidemic medicines
that include simvastatin,
atorvastatin, pravastatin.
Bile acid sequestrants like
colesevelam, cholestyramine,
and colestipo – and nicotinic
acid (niacin) are two other types
of medicines that may be used
to lower cholesterol levels.
II. Other medical procedures
• Coronary Angioplasty – with this
procedure, a balloon is used to
create a bigger opening in the
vessel to increase blood flow.
This is often followed by inserting
a stent into the coronary artery
to help keep the vessel open.
Although angioplasty is done in
other blood vessels elsewhere
in the body, percutaneous
coronary intervention (PCI) refers
to angioplasty in the coronary
arteries which lets more blood
flow into the heart. PCI is also
called percutaneous transluminal
coronary angioplasty (PTCA),
which has several types of
procedures:
Balloon angioplasty – a small
balloon is inflated inside the blocked
artery to open the blocked area.
Coronary artery stent – a tiny coil is
expanded inside the blocked artery
to open the blocked area. The stent
is left in place to keep the artery
open.
Atherectomy – the blocked area
inside the artery is cut away by a tiny
device on the end of a catheter.
Laser Angioplasty – a laser is used
to “vaporize” the blockage in the
artery.
• Coronary Artery Bypass – this
surgery. Is most commonly refered to
as simply bypass surgery or CBAG.
It is often done in people who have
chest pain (angina) and coronary
artery disease. Coronary artery
disease is when plaque has built up
in the arteries. During the surgery,
the surgeon makes a bypass by
grafting a piece of a vein above and
below the blocked area of a coronary
artery. This lets blood flow around
the blockage. The surgeon usually
takes veins from a leg, but may also
use arteries from the chest or an arm.
Sometimes, one may need more
than one bypass surgery to restore
blood flow to all areas of the heart.
REFERENCES:
Acute Myocardial Infarction. Boateng, Stephen and Sanborn
Timothy. Disease-a-Month, March 2013, Vol.59(3), pp.83-96.
Coronary Microvascular Obstruction in Acute Myocardial
Infarction: From Mechanisms toTreatment. Niccoli, Giampaolo
and Eitel, Ingo. Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier. London,
United Kingdom. 2018.
Myocardial Infarction. Carver, Kathryn. Nursing Standard,
January 8, 2014, Vol.28(19), p.19(1)
Primary Angioplasty in Acute Myocardial Infarction. Tcheng,
James E. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. Second Edition. 2009.
Ventricular Geometry in Post-Myocardial Infarction Aneurysms:
Implications for Surgical Ventricular Restoration. Paruchi, V.
Rao and Adhayak, Srilakshmi M. Imprint: Springer. Springer
London. 2012.
www.hopkinsmedicine.org
VOLUME XLVIII
XLVIII 2019
2019 Issue
Issue No.
No. 22 || 13
13
 FEATURES

F ounding
A nniversary
T
he Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers
of the Philippines, Incorporated or IIEE for
most of us, was registered with the Securities
and Exchange Commission on 15 September
1975. Since then, everyone on IIEE considered this
as its founding year, hence the commemorative
rites or Founding Anniversary done every 15th of
September. What started as a simple time to thank
and reminisce the years of its existence, it has
become a tradition for IIEE to celebrate its Founding
Anniversary annually. Significantly, the celebration
is done with IIEE National Officers and Board of
Governors leading the celebration together with
the IIEE Chapters from the different regions having
their celebrations too. Simultaneously done in the
entire country and foreign region, Chapters usually
have their General Membership Meeting/Seminars
(GMM), while others hold their chapter elections
too. The chapter election was being done during
this time so that chapter officers attending the
ANC will be able to get the early-bird discounts
and the privilege free registrations (100% and 50%)
accorded to incumbent and incoming chapter
officers.

14 | VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 2 IIEE.ORG.PH

This year IIEE celebrated its 44th Founding
Anniversary with the “touch of pink” as its color
theme adopted from the Pantone Color of the
Year (Living Coral). Before the evening celebration,
a lot of Committees had their meetings (morning
and afternoon) and adding to this is the blessing
of the elevator at IIEE Building. Come celebration
time, a Holy Mass was held to give thanks for IIEE’s
Founding Anniversary and the blessings received by
everyone who is part of IIEE – its officers, members,
founders, employees, sponsors, etc. A program
followed after the mass, then dinner and then
everyone’s favorite – the dancing session where
we discover the talents of the engineers of IIEE.
Everybody had a great time and noticeably the
event is highlighted with the shade of pink – the
color that represents caring, compassion and love. A
combination of the color red and white, both colors
add a little characteristic to pink – action and energy
from red and the white color gives an opportunity
to achieve success and insight. In psychology, the
color pink is Insightful, Intuitive, Emphatic, and
Energetic. As the saying goes – “Everything is rosy,”
pink indicates success and everything will go well.
This, I’m sure will be IIEE’s future as it celebrates its
Double Four!

IIEE.ORG.PH VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 2 | 15

 WHAT'S THE NEWS

SMART SOLAR NETWORK PILOT

PROJECT LIGHTS UP OFF-GRID ISLAND
IN BUSUANGA, PALAWAN
SOURCE: www.nea.gov.ph

Published: 19 September 2019

CORON, Palawan—The National
Electrification Administration (NEA)
recently led the inauguration of a
pilot project of Smart Solar Network
installed in an off-grid island
barangay in Busuanga, Palawan
province.

A
dministrator Edgardo
Masongsong joined Sunday
(September 15) the Busuanga
Island Electric Cooperative, Inc.
(BISELCO) in the ceremonial switch-
on of the interconnected solar
home systems (SHS) with batteries,
providing 24/7 electricity to 62
households in Brgy. San Isidro,
Busuanga.
Considered to be the first of its
kind in the country, the project is
in partnership with the Association
of Isolated Electric Cooperatives,
Inc. (AIEC), Island Light and Water
Energy Development Corp. (ILAW),
One Renewable Energy Enterprise,
Inc. (OREEI), Okra, Infunde
Development, and Infranco Asia.
The pilot project took five months
to complete from documentation to
the installation of solar panels and
batteries, with a total investment of
$40,000 or P2 million.
Aside from basic lighting and
mobile phone charging purposes,
this smart technology also allows
capacity sharing or to draw extra
power from other solar home
systems that can be used in other
household appliances like television,
refrigerator and air conditioner.
Speaking at the occasion,
Administrator Masongsong lauded
the electric cooperatives (ECs),
private institutions and non-
government organizations as well as
the local government for their efforts
to realize the San Isidro Smart Solar
Network Pilot Project.
The NEA chief likewise expressed
hope that this kind of project would
be replicated on other islands or
off-grid areas facing difficulties
connecting to electricity grid.
He said while the NEA has made
significant strides in bringing
power to rural and remote areas
across the country since 1969, the
task of lighting up the "last mile"
households remains a challenge.
"We really welcome any effort to
realize total electrification because
we believe that with electrification,
there will be economic and social
development," the administrator
said.
Latest NEA data show there are
still 14,876 sitios across the country
that have no access to electricity. To
complete the energization of these
remaining sitios by 2022, the agency
will need an approximately P22
billion.
The NEA chief, in his message, also
urged the project beneficiaries to
maximize the use of electricity to
improve their living conditions.
"Rural electrification is not about
electrifying the farthest areas,
it is not about energizing the
last household. It is about rural
development. If we will not be
able to realize rural development
through electrification, then rural
electrification as a program is a
failure," Masongsong said.
AIEC president Rene Fajilagutan
said the pilot project is part of
the association's goal to provide
reliable, sustainable, and affordable
electricity to all Filipinos, including
those living in far-flung areas.
Fajilagutan, who also serves as
general manager of the Romblon
Electric Cooperative, Inc.
(ROMELCO), said this smart solar
network setup would be duplicated
on other remote islands or isolated
areas.
"Ang objective po ng ating
asosasyon ay matulungan lahat ng
electric cooperatives na pailawan
ang mga remote island at remote
villages sa pamamagitan ng
makabagong teknolohiya," he
said. "Kami po ay naniniwala [na]
sa tulong po ng ating NEA at mga
partner na kooperatiba, ito po ay
ma-re-realize natin."
For her part, BISELCO General
Manager Ruth Galang said this is
the first time that electricity reaches
Barangay San Isidro in the power co-
op's 36 years of operations.
"Nagpapasalamat po kami lalong-
lalo na sa mga taga-barangay San
Isidro na tinanggap [nila] nang
maluwag na magkaroon tayo
ng pailaw dito. Hindi lang po ito
nagtatapos sa 62 [households],
dadagdagan pa raw po ito ng
Infunde at [ng iba pa nating partner
companies na] nag-develop [ng
proyektong] ito," Galang said.
Meanwhile, Busuanga Mayor
Elizabeth Cervantes said the

16 | VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 2 IIEE.ORG.PH

provision of electricity to San Isidro residents would help
boost livelihood, at the same time, it could also help
increase public safety.
Joining Administrator Masongsong to witness the
inauguration on San Isidro Island were NEA Deputy
Administrator for Technical Services Artis Nikki Tortola,
and Acting Department Manager Ernesto Silvano,
Jr. of the Total Electrification and Renewable Energy
Development.

Also present were general managers of different island

ECs, namely ROMELCO, Antique Electric Cooperative,
Inc. (ANTECO), Batanes Island Electric Cooperative,
Inc. (BATANELCO), Lubang Electric Cooperative, Inc.
(LUBELCO), Marinduque Electric Cooperative, Inc.
(MARELCO), Northern Samar Electric Cooperative,
Inc. (NORSAMELCO), Palawan Electric Cooperative
(PALECO), Sulu Electric Cooperative, Inc. (SULECO), and
Tawi-Tawi Electric Cooperative, Inc. (TAWELCO).

Energy Leaders for a

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY FUTURE
SOURCE: www.doe.gov.ph
September 25, 2019

ENERGY LEADERS AESIEAP and Meralco

FOR A SUSTAINABLE President and CEO Ray
ENERGY FUTURE: Espinosa; and Chairman of
China Electricity Council
DOE Secretary and (CEC) and Global Energy
AESIEAP Honorary Interconnection Development
Chairperson Alfonso and Cooperation Organization
G. Cusi (center-right) (GEIDCO) Liu Zhenya.
with some of the other
leading personalities
in the power industry
at the ceremonial
launching of AESIEAP
2019-2020's theme and
agenda, "Energizing
Countries, Empowering
Communities" during
the CEO Conference
2019 in Shangri-La
Mactan's Resort and
Spa, Cebu.

Also in photo are (L-R)

AESIEAP's immediate
past President and
Tenaga President and
CEO Amir Hamzah
Azizan; AESIEAP
Secretary-General
Rogelio Singson;

IIEE.ORG.PH VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 2 | 17

 FEATURES
WHAT'S THE NEWS
REMINISCING
B
efore the Institute of Integrated Electrical
Engineers of the Philippines, Incorporated
(IIEE) was founded and came to its being, an
organization called the Philippine Association
of Mechanical and Electrical Engineers (PAMEE) already
existed - an umbrella federation of the Philippine
Society of Mechanical Engineers (PSME) and the
Philippine Society of Electrical Engineers (PSEE). PSEE’s
memberships were made up of Professional Electrical
Engineers, Associate Electrical Engineers, Assistant
Electrical Engineers, and Master Electricians.
Sometime in 1949, young members of the mechanical
engineering group under PAMEE organized an
association solely for mechanical engineers which they
called the Philippine Society of Mechanical Engineer
(PSME) which gave way for the electrical group to
organize an association for electrical practitioners.
PSEE then became a single organization like PSME,
however there also existed an exclusive organization
of Professional Electrical Engineers called PIEE, the
Philippine Institute for Electrical Engineers which was
founded by Engr. Cecilio V. Milo.
Integration of both electrical organization, PSEE
and PIEE went through several difficulties owing to
18 | VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 2 IIEE.ORG.PH
IIEE’s History
- for us to know better.
communication among both groups. It was only on 14
April 1973 when PIEE President Engr. Luis L. Mendoza
and PSEE President Engr. Gregorio M. Sadorra agreed
on the unification of the two organizations – PIEE and
PSEE.
Fortunately, when the need for a united organization
for electrical practitioners was critically necessary, Engr.
Arturo L. Lopez, who believed in the principle of one
association for one trade, was appointed Chairman of
the Board of Electrical Engineer.
How IIEE Came to Be
President Ferdinand E. Marcos issued Presidential
Decree No. 223 creating the Professional Regulation
Commission, and gave instructions to integrate
members of the different professions. Engr. Lopez and
the rest of his group saw this as a golden opportunity,
and after several meetings with the officers and
members of PIEE and PSME, and the BEE, the Institute
of Integrated Electrical Engineers of the Philippines was
formed. Engr. Lopez was elected President of IIEE, it
Constitution and By-Laws was drafted. After the draft
was finished, Engr. Lopez travelled across the country
to obtain 450 signatures to be its founding members in
order to be accredited by the government.
Finally, IIEE was registered with the Securities and
Exchange Commission of 15 September 1975.
IIEE’s PRC Accreditation
IIEE is the 16th professional organization to be
accredited by the Professional Regulation Commission.
The Certificate of Accreditation as the Professional
Organization for Electrical Engineers was presented
to IIEE by PRC Commissioner Eric C. Nubla on
16 December 2019. Forty-four (44) years after its
accreditation, IIEE remains to be the only Accredited
Professional Organization (APO) for Electrical
Practitioners by the Professional Regulation Commission
under its original Certificate of Registration No.016.
The IIEE We Now Know
IIEE.ORG.PH VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 2 | 19
IIEE’s membership is made up of licensed and non-
licensed electrical practitioners – Associate Members,
Regular Members, Life Members, Senior Members
and the College of Fellows are the Licensed Electrical
Practitioners while the Honorary Members, Auxiliary
Members and Student Members are the Non-licensed
members.
The Institute’s membership has grown to 55,000 active
members nationwide and overseas, from its 11 Regions
and Foreign Chapter. Corollary to this, the Council
of Student Chapters have _______ from ________
accredited school from all over the country.
The Board of Governors, the central governing and
policy-making body is made up of seven (7) National
Officers, eleven (11) Regional Governors and ex-officio
who is the Immediate Former National President.
 FEATURES
TRAVEL

Let’s get to know the

FELLOWS too.

M
any of us, members of IIEE are not familiar
with the College of Fellows. We often
meet them during IIEE Conferences and
Conventions where most of them share their
expertise and knowledge in our field of specialization
which is Electrical Engineering and their presence can
also be seen during IIEE Committee meetings where
some of them are Committee Chairperson or Committee
Members. Quoting IIEE’s Constitution and By-Laws let’s
get to know them (Good Fellas) better:
“ARTICLE III - MEMBERSHIP
Sec.1.0 – Licensed Members:t
1.4 Fellows – Senior Members who have
qualified and have been conferred the distinction contributions to one or more of these fields.
as Fellow by the Board of Governors.
The distinction as Fellow recognizes the
exceptional contribution and dedication to the conferment of Fellow and may undertake programs for
electrical engineering profession.”
“ARTICLE X – CREATION OF COMMITTEES
Sec.4.0 – COLLEGE OF FELLOWS. The Fellows shall
organize themselves and form a College of Fellows
whose primary task is the selection of Fellows.
The candidate shall be a Senior Member and shall have
been in active professional practice for twenty years or
more and shall have shown significant contributions to
the profession over a period of ten (10) years or more.
The distinction as Fellow shall be conferred only by
invitation of the College of Fellows to a member of
outstanding qualifications and experience in IIEE-
designated fields and has made significant individual
The College of Fellows may establish other criteria in the
the Institute as the Board of Governors may assign.”

20 | VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 2 IIEE.ORG.PH

ABAYA, EFREN F.
ABINOJA, JOSE B.
ALCANTARA, JULES S.
ALGABRE, JULIUS S.
ALGODON, ALEJANDRO F.
AMORA, DOMINICO A.
ANTONIO, JR. QUINTIN M.
AVENIDO, ROGELIO M.
BACCOL, LUISITA
BACUS EDER M.
BALDERRAMA, NICOLAS
BALDONADO, REGALADO
BARRIENTOS, FE M.
BRIOSO, RUDY P.
BUYCO, ALEXANDER S.
CABASAG, LEO S.
CABUGAO, ALEX C.
CABARABAN MA. CRISTINA SHEILA C.
CALADO, JR. AMADOR C.
CAMACLANG, SIXTO C.
CAMILET, JR. PEDRITO D.
CARBONELL, BENJAMIN D.
CAYETANO, GREGORIO R.
CORONEL, ANTONIO
CORTEZ, MEDERICO T.
CRUZ, ELPIDIO F.
CUBOS, JR. ANASTACIO D.
DAZA, GABRIEL A.
IIEE.ORG.PH VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 2 |
DEL ROSARIO, CONRADO D.
DIAZ, ARMANDO R. MALLILLIN, ROBERT F.
DULOG, SALVADOR H. MANSUETO, ANTONIO A.
DUMUK, FERNANDO A. MAPILE, FRANCIS V.
DURIA, CALIXTO F. MENDOZA, EDWARD
ESCALANTE, ARTHUR N. MENDOZA, JAIME V.
EVANGELISTA, ARTHUR T. MENDOZA, LUIS L.
FERNANDEZ, NOEL T. MILO, CECILIO V
FERRER, NESTOR V. NERI, EMILIO J.
FERRER, RODOLFO N. OCAMPO, JOVINO
FLORDELIZA, VIRGILIO C. PANGAN, RAQUILINO B.
FLORENTINO, RAFAEL F. PASILAN, OSCAR P.
FONOLLERA, MELEUSIPO E. PAULINO, CASIANO F.
GAERLAN, HILARIO C. PEÑALOSA, RODOLFO R.
GARCIA, ADELINO V. JR., RAMIREZ, HERMINIO S.
GAOR, GERARDO V. RAMOS, FELIX P.
GARCES, GREGORIO G. RIVERA NESTOR T.
GATCHALIAN, RAMON Z. SADORRA, GREGORIO M.
GIL, ROY F. SANTOS, JESUS, C.
GOLE, ALFONSO TAN, EDUARDO H.
GUEVARRA, GREGORIO Y. TAN, WILLINGTON K.K. C.
HERRERA, JR. ANTONIO TAPANG, ENRIQUE Y.
LAGMAN, MIGUEL H. TOMACRUZ, LUIS S.
LEONCIO, HIPOLITO A. TROYO, JOSE C.
LEYNES, FORTUNATO C. UMALI, GERMAN A.
LOPEZ, ARTURO L. VIRAY, FRANCISCO L.
LOPEZ, JR. JUSTO MA. J YANG, WILLIAM
MABULAY, ROBERT U.
21
 COVER STORY
THE ENERGY
EFFICIENCY AND
CONSERVATION ACT
CHAPTER I. GENERAL PROVISIONS
SECTION 1. Short Title. – This Act shall be known as the
“Energy Efficiency and Conservation Act”.
SECTION 2. Declaration of Policy. – It is hereby declared
the policy of the State to:
a) Institutionalize energy efficiency and
conservation as a national way of life geared towards
the efficient and judicious utilization of energy by
formulating, developing, and implementing energy
efficiency and conservation plans and programs to
secure sufficiency and stability of energy supply in the
country to cushion the impact of high prices of imported
fuels to local markets and protect the environment in
support of the economic and social development goals
of the country;
b) Promote and encourage the
development and utilization of efficient renewable
energy technologies and systems to ensure optimal use
and sustainability of the country’s energy resources;
c) Reinforce related laws and other
statutory provisions for comprehensive approach
to energy efficiency, conservation, sufficiency and
sustainability in the country; and
22 | VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 2 IIEE.ORG.PH
“REPUBLIC ACT NO. 11285
d) Ensure a market-driven approach
to energy efficiency, conservation, sufficiency, and
sustainability in the country.
SECTION 3. Scope. – This Act shall establish a
framework for introducing and institutionalizing
fundamental policies on energy efficiency and
conservation, including the promotion of efficient and
judicious utilization of energy, increase in the utilization
of energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies,
and the delineation of responsibilities among various
government agencies and private entities . . . . . . ”
WHAT IS THE IMPACT OF RA 11285?
Once fully implemented and as a policy of the state, RA
11285 would impact not only our government agencies
but private entities and in so doing, the entire nation
as a whole. This would mean savings or decrease on
demand by using energy more efficiently, and increase
the utilization of energy efficient renewable energy
technologies and resources.
Its policy to “promote and encourage the development
and utilization of efficient renewable energy
technologies and systems to ensure optimal use and

sustainability of the country’s energy resources” could
be achieved by developing strategies and benchmarks
for energy sectors that could further be enhanced by
raising awareness and building technical capabilities for
targeted stakeholders.
An established framework for energy conservation
would mean a decrease in using energy and the
avoidance of wasting energy too. In practice, energy
conservation generally cost very little since they involve
changes on human behavior and the manner by which
energy is used. The key to energy conservation is
educating and encouraging people to avoid wasting
energy. The simple switching-off of lights when not
needed can be practiced, for starters.
Through this Act, we can reduce energy costs by
ensuring better use of our energy, increase productivity
and in turn contribute in protecting the environment to
support of the economic and social development goals
of the country.
To be able to measure the effectiveness of the above-
mentioned an enhanced accountability, monitoring and
evaluation mechanism needs to be created
IIEE.ORG.PH VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 2 |
ITS IMPACT TO ENERGY PROVIDERS
“CHAPTER VII
DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT
Section 24. Demand side Management (DSM). – The
DOE, with the assistance of the Energy Regulatory
Commission and the Philippine Economic Authority,
shall pursue a DSM program for the electric power
industry for the reduction of energy consumption
through effective load management resulting to the
decrease of power demand and the migration of power
demand from peak to off-peak periods or such measures
undertaken by distribution utilities to encourage
end users to properly manage their loads to achieve
efficiency in the utilization of fixed infrastructures in the
system.”
“CHAPTER VIII
INCENTIVES
Section 25. Fiscal Incentives – Upon certification by
the Doe, energy efficiency projects, as defined in this
Act, shall be included in the annual investment priorities
plan of the BOI and shall be entitled to the incentives
provided under Executive Order No. 226, otherwise
known as the “Omnibus Investments Code of 1987”,
as amended, and any other applicable laws for ten (10)
years from the effectivity of this Act: Provided, That
after the aforementioned period, the inclusion of energy
efficiency projects in the annual investment priorities
plan shall be reviewed and may be extended by the BOI:
Provided, further That energy efficiency project shall be
exempt from Article 32 (1) of Executive Order No.226.
23
 COVER STORY
Section 26. Non-Fiscal Incentives – Establishments that
will implement or are implementing energy efficiency
projects shall be entitled to the following:
a) Provision for awards and recognition for
innovations in energy efficiency and conservation best
practices, and successful energy efficiency projects and
energy efficiency products; and
b) Provision of technical assistance
from government agencies in the development and
promotion of energy efficient technologies.
Section. 27. Financial Assistance -GFIs and other
financial institutions shall, in accordance with and
to the extent allowed by the enabling provisions of
their respective charter or applicable laws, provide
concessional financial packages for the development,
utilization, and commercialization of renewable energy
and energy efficiency projects as duly recommended
and endorsed by the DOE.”
ITS IMPACT TO THE END-USERS
End-user should consider energy efficiency and
conservation measures for reasons ranging from
environmental benefits, financial savings, and economic
factors. For these reasons, end-users must be educated,
given the tools and know-how in order to smart energy
consumers.
Considering end-users demands, energy efficiency
brings about savings in consumption of electricity and
other fuels, which then help mitigate environmental
impacts, attain green growth and even secure long term
energy security.
ITS IMPACT TO THE ENVIRONMENT
Reduction in energy use reduces the amount of energy
demand in power utilities, hence lesser energy is needed
to be produced. Currently majority of our power plants
use fossil fuels for power generation. By doing so
we produce electricity and at the same time we also
produce greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to
climate change. As energy production is effectively
reduced, greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced with
energy efficiency measures to benefit the environment.
24 | VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 2 IIEE.ORG.PH
ith the rapid growth in the development and use
of renewable energy technologies and resources
like solar, wind, wave, etc. – and through
government initiative, we reduce dependence
on energy sources using fossil fuels thereby
supporting RA 11285. Growing markets for renewable
energy also entails reduction or decrease in the cost
of renewables that create more clientele and users of
renewable energy.
The use of energy efficient electrical devices for lighting
like LED lamps, inverter-type appliances and “green
vehicles” are also contributory to realize the goals of
energy efficiency and conservation. When we help save
the environment, we also help save humanity from its
early extinction.
ITS IMPACT TO THE ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING PROFESSION
Assessing energy efficiency and conservation, and its
impact on energy use/demand management would
lead us to an analysis focused on employment. As
a rough measure of the cost or benefit of an energy
policy, its impact on employment (specifically those in
the electrical engineering profession) is of paramount
importance. Questions like – “Would this conservation
policy create job opportunities for electrical practitioners
or those in the electrical engineering profession?”’
“What’s in it for us electrical practitioners?”, “What’s
new? How would it affect us?” – are basically some
reactions to mention.
In RA 285 itself, new jobs or employment opportunities
are created, specifically the Certified Energy
Conservation Officer, Certified Energy Manager, Energy
Auditor, and Energy Efficiency & Conservation Officer.
As most of the terms of reference in the Acts will be
done by DOE, DILG, and other government agencies,
surely other job opportunities would soon develop.
 TECHNICAL

By: Andy Azucena

ENERGY
RECOVERY
(iERS)
iERS for Fixed Speed Applications loading and light loading from 10%- If the load decreases, a motor
30% vs the YD Starter. iERS during supplied at a fixed voltage will speed
There is now a solution to
T
these conditions supply just the right up slightly, the current demand will
optimize energy efficiency amount of voltage and current to reduce, and the operating point
of fixed speed motor drive the mechanical load and keep moves along the curve to point B.
applications, these applications the speed to rated nameplate level. If the reduced voltage is correctly
comprise a large number in buildings
and factories. Motors for these
applications are mostly run today
using Wye-Delta(YD) starters which
have been effective for decades.

iERS Soft Starter Optimizes Motor

Efficiency

Wye-Delta starting makes use of the

fact that motor torque is proportional
to the square of the terminal voltage
(TocV2). Starting in wye alters the
voltage across each stator winding
to 58% of normal which reduces the
starting torque to 30% of locked
rotor torque (LRT) with a consequent
reduction in starting currents and
acceleration forces. However, the
reduced starting currents are still
high enough to drive up the kW
demand charges. An iERS equipped
soft starter not only dramatically
reduces starting currents, it also
detects loading to optimize energy
usage during operation.
iERS Technology Deconstructed
chosen, the working point at the
A soft starter with an iERS energy- reduced torque demand becomes
optimizing feature alters the motor the point A’, the motor has in effect
operation. The iERS function reduces been ‘exchanged’ for one which
the terminal voltage applied to the has a lower rated power output. A
motor so that the energy needed reduced terminal voltage also means
to supply the field is more closely a reduced field energy requirement,
proportioned to the torque demand. and this simple relationship enables
The effect is shown in the figure on the iERS function to maintain the
the right. efficiency of the motor over nearly
the entire load range from ‘no load’
The iERS engages below 80% of upwards.
rated load and keeps the motor Point A on the current curve is the
efficiency up at high levels especially operating point of the motor when
the motor terminal voltage is at its Losses Reduced At Light Loading
during light loading conditions,
saving kWh energy usage. The left ‘nominal’ or rated value, and when
the load is the maximum for which Replacing YD starter with iERS
figure illustrates the kWh savings in reduces iron core losses and heat
energy consumption during heavy the motor is rated.

IIEE.ORG.PH VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 2 | 25

 TECHNICAL

generated in the windings below:
A 1.8kW savings x 24hr x 365days
x P10/kWh= P157,680.00/year of
savings from 1 motor only.
P
ayback of Up to 12 Months Installing an iERS soft starter pays back the
capital investment up to 12 months and racks up savings for the rest
of the 9 years of its productive life. Savings are now possible without
sacrificing speed. EEs/ RMEs need this technology to comply with the new
Energy Efficiency law RA11285 which requires buildings and factories to
improve energy use while keeping business productivity and profitability up.
iERS is a tried and tested ETL listed technology for decades now in the EU
and US. iERS is the game changing solution!

"The
future
te future
ATTENTION READERS depends
depends
on what
Contributors of feature articles,

on what
technical papers will receive a
special token from The Electrical
Engineer.

you do
We also welcome your ideas,

you do
questions, and feedbacks regarding
our previous issues.

today"
Send your feedbacks and
contributions to eemagazine@iiee.

today
org.ph
The EE Magazine reserves the right
to edit articles for the sake of clarity,
grammar, and brevity.

Mahatma Gandhi

26 | VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 2 IIEE.ORG.PH

 WHAT'S THE NEWS

IIEE, HEI’S tie up to

IIEE, HEI’S tie
provide Technicalup to
provide Technical
Expertise to EC, Govt.
Expertise to EC, Govt.
Joselito S. Orticio |

Providing Technical Expertise,

Larry E. Gracilla

Consultancy and Professional Public

Services to Indegent Member-
Consumers of Sorsogon Electric
Cooperative 2 within its coverage
franchise area, and Conducting
the first Competitive Selection
Process(CSP) in the Philippines
successfully.

t
he Sorsogon State
College Department of
Engineering through their
faculty members, IIEE
Sorsogon Chapter and Soreco 2 in
coordination with the NEA, DOE and
LGU, through the created Third-
Party Bids and Awards Committee(TP-BAC), conducted
the first Competitive Selection Process (CSP) under the THE POST QUALIFICATION
new rule. The aim is to promote transparency and fair
market competition in energy sector for the consumer The pre-bidding conference , is followed by the bidding
welfare through Competitive Public Bidding. Subjecting process and determination of the Lowest Calculated
all Power Supply Agreement (PSA) to CSP to further Bid(LCB), Post qualification on the documents most
protect the consumer, thus, providing accessible, especially on the Power Supply Agreement (PSA) took
reliable, affordable, efficient and sustainable energy with place. With utmost diligence and careful scrutinizing all
due regard to the protection of the environment. The the documents submitted, was determined the Lowest
following photos below shown the bidding process… Calculated Responsive Bidder. A requirement of site visit
plant tour would be undertaken by the members of the
TP-BAC and TWG at Mariveles Coal Plant.

THE PLANT TOUR AND INSPECTION

Plant tour and site visit were conducted at Mariveles
Coal Plant, Bataan.

DOE CAPABILITY BUILDING

WORSHOP ON COMPETITIVE
SELECTION PROCESS
The DOE requested the members of SORECO 2 TP-BAC
and TWG to attend the Capability Workshop and be a
guest speaker to share our experience as the first (under
new rule) and successful EC who conducted CSP in the
Philippines.

IIEE.ORG.PH VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 2 | 27

 TRAVEL
History and Culture
Batangas Province founded in
1581, was originally composed of
the present provinces of Batangas,
Mindoro, and Marinduque, including
the Southeast portion of Laguna and
even reaching as far as Camarines.
The province was called Bonbon
and later renamed Balayan, which
became the first Capital of the
Province. In 1572, the capital was
transferred twice, first to Taal and
then to Batangas where it has
remained to date.
Batangas, famously known as the
“Lalawigan ng mga Magigiting” has
several heroes and statesmen that
include – Gat Apolinario M. Mabini,
Jose P. Laurel, Claro M. Recto, Jose
W. Diokno, Gen. Miguel Malvar,
Felipe Agoncillo, and Marcela
Agoncillo.
28 || VOLUME
28 VOLUME XLVIII
XLVIII 2019
2019 Issue
Issue No.
No. 2
2 IIEE.ORG.PH
EXPLORE
A Religious Pilgrimage
Destination
For many years, Batangas has been
known as a Religious Destination
owing to its numerous religious sites
– (a) MONTEMARIA, a pilgrimage
center dedicated to Mary, Mother
of All Asia, overlooking Batangas
Bay and the Verde Island Passage
located at Brgy. Pagkilatan,
Batangas City with the tallest
man-made icon in the world; (b)
Señor de Nazareno in Balayan; (c)
Simbahang Bato, a cave-church
in Laurel, Batangas; (d) in Lipa
City we have the Metropolitan
Cathedral of San Sebastian, the
Parish of Mary, Mediatrix of All
Grace, and the miraculous Church
of Our Lady of Mount Carmel
where the shower of rose petal
happened several decades ago; (e)
| EXPERIENCE | ENJOY
the Caleruega Church in Nasugbu,
a favorite wedding place; (f) the
Marian Orchard, a favorite place
for meditation especially during
Lenten Season; and (g) the St. Padre
Pio National Shrine at Sto. Tomas,
Batangas, visited by locals and the
religious from all over the country
and in some parts of the world – that
is to name a few.
Products and Festivals
Festivals abound in Batangas
Province for Batangueños
are thankful for the bountiful
harvests and products that they
are blessed. The First District is
famous for – Bagoong, Atchara,
Seaweeds, Candles, Tulingan,
Burong Bawang, Meringue, Bignay,
Bamboo Products, Embroidery,
Balisong, Panutsa, Tapa-Longganisa,
Empanada, Gifts and Holiday Decors
and Home-made Paper Products
made from sugar-cane leaves.
The Second District is famous for
– Pakaskas, Buri Products; Mango
Nectar; Tamarind Sweets and Wine,
IIEE.ORG.PH
Tabliya, Bamboo Crafts, Mango and
Rimas, Fresh Fish.
The Third District is famous for –
Fresh Tilapia, Fresh Tawilis, Abaka
Products, Fresh Vegetables, Suman
and Coco Jam, Honey, Bread and
Bakery Products, Macapuno Candies
and Nata de Coco,Coffee, Fresh
Maliputo, Religious Images, Coconut
and Young Coconut Products,
Ornamental and Fruit Seedlings, and
Bibingka and Nilupak.
The Fourth District is known
for – Habi, Tamales, Kulambo,
Candies and Livestock, Kalamay,
Sinukmani, Poultry Products, Pottery,
COME VISIT BATANGAS . . . IT’S HERE, SO NEAR! AND
AS YOU ENTER THE GATES OF THE PROVINCE, WE
WELCOME YOU BY SAYING
“MALIGAYANG PAGDATING
SA LALAWIGAN NG
MAGIGITING!”
IIEE.ORG.PH VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 2 |
Lambanog, Passion Fruit, and
Coffee.
S
ublian in the most famous
festival in Batangas, a street-
dancing celebration of a
native folkdance to honor the
city/town’s Patron Saint and a
thanksgiving dance for a bountiful
life. Calacatchara festival is also
celebrated, Kambingan Festival, Egg
Festival, Kabakahan Festival, Parade
of Lights, Tawilis Festival, Galleon
Festival, and a lot more.
Tourism and Getaway
Inland Destination – Bee Farm at
Brgy. Balagtasin, San Jose Batangas;
The Farm, at San Benito, Lipa City;
Cinto Corito Gardens at Balete,
Batangas; Taal Heritage
Village, Taal, Batangas;
Valentino Resort and
Spa at San Jose,
Batangas; Mabini
Shrine, Tanauan
City, Batangas;
15th Century
ruins of the Old
Taal Church at
San Nicolas,
Batangas.
Lake Shore
Destination –
Crater & Black
Lava Viewing
at Taal Volcano
Island;
Baywalk along
Circumferencial
Road at San Nicolas, Batangas;
Viewing of Mount Maculot and
the Rockies at Cuenca, Batangas;
Lakeshore Resorts overlooking Taal
Volcano.
Bayside Destination
Lighthouse (Parola) at Lobo and
Calatagan; Deep Sea Diving at
Mabini, Tingloy, Nasugbu, and Verde
Island, Batangas City; White Sand,
Black Sand, Pebbles and Rocky
Beaches at Verde Island-Batangas
City, Masasa Beach-Tingloy, Laiya
& Calubcub-San Juan, Sombrero
Island & Sepoc-Mabini, Malabrigo-
Lobo, Fortune Island, Punta Fuego,
Calayo Green Terrace, & Hamilo-
Nasugbu, Matabungkay-Lian, Lago
de Oro, Playa Calatagan, & Golden
Sunset-Calatagan, and more.
Mountain Climbing and Hiking
Mount Maculot, Cuenca; Mount
Gulugod Baboy, Mabini; Mount
Batulao, Calaca/Nasugbu, and
trekking places in Sto. Tomas, Lipa
City and Talisay.
Other Activities
Golf and Lifestyle – Mount Malarayat
Golf & Country Club-Lipa City;
San Pascual Golf Club-San Pascual,
Batangas; Evercrest Golf Club &
Resort-Nasugbu; Summit Point Golf
& Residential Estate-Lipa City; The
Farm at San Benito, Lipa City; Cintai
Corito-Balete, Batangas.
Windsurfing, Wakeboarding, and
Water Sports Activities – Mabini,
Calatagan, San Juan, and Talisay,
Batangas.
Food and Beverage Trip
Enjoy atis (sugarapple), mangoes,
coconut, lanzones, rambutan and
sweet tamarind. Try our famous beef
bulalo, loming Batangas, sinaing
na tulingan, kalderetang kambing,
pritong tawilis, and maliputo. We
have halo-halo that is different from
the rest at Padre Garcia, Batangas,
and our lambanog-plain and
flavored are best to have a taste too.
And More . . .
Batangas has an International Port
and Industrial Facilities too – JG
Summit Petrochemical Corporation,
Shell Refinery, Ilijan Combined-
Cycle Power Plant, San Miguel Food
Corporation, and First Gas Power
Corporation all in Batangas City;
SEM Calaca Power Corporation,
DMCI Power, and SLTEC in Calaca;
LIMA Technology Center in Malvar;
First Philippine Industrial Park, and
Maibarara Geothermal Plant in Sto.
Tomas.
29
 EE Woman

“LIFE IS A TRIP
THAT WE SHOULD
ALL ENJOY,”
SAYS

KIM FROM THE NORTH

WHO ONCE WANTED TO BE A PILOT

other engineers of the

team need to wake
her up, when they
have arrived on site.

Recently, she had a

career shift from EE
project management
KIM from the North, our EE Woman for the and became a Project
Second Issue is Milanie Kim B. De Castro Sales Manager.
from IIEE Northern Batangas Chapter. This
budding beauty from San Jose, Batangas, Kim loves to travel,
began her career in Electrical Engineering and this is one
four years ago. A Lasallite since grade thing she enjoys the
school, she finished her Bachelor’s degree in most. She has been
Electrical Engineering at De La Salle Lipa. to places mostly
with her family but
This pREEtty Woman is a swEEt young sometimes she
lady on the outside but a true-blooded travels with friends
Batangueña on the inside – Barako like too. She loves to try
Batangas Coffee. Friendly, with her charming the local delicacies
be-dimpled smile, Kim has worked as in places she has
MEPFS Field Engineer/Project Management travelled, is interested
Coordinator at Makati Development in culture, and is
Corporation after passing her Licensure curious about how
Examination for Electrical Engineers on electrical engineering
September 2015. is practiced in places
she has visited.
She also worked as a Government Electrical
Engineer (Electrical Section – Provincial Kim plays volleyball, and mind you she’s good at it. She
Engineer’s Office – Batangas) assigned on drives a car, and loves to eat (but her physique doesn’t
project implementation making sure that show) as she is blessed with a petite body, unlike her
electrical works are done in conformity with Korean-counterpart, the real Kim from the North who is
the approved plans and Codes. Her friends big and stocky!
in the government service fondly call her the
“slEEping beauty” because during trips to
fieldwork, she would always sleep and the

30 | VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 2 IIEE.ORG.PH

 KIM
LET’S GET TO KNOW

FROM THE NORTH BETTER

OUR
AS SHE ANSWERS

QUESTIONS
Call her Kim.
I believe that life is a trip that we should all enjoy.
People don’t know that I am funny.
I am really good at playing volleyball.
I am an EE practitioner because I wanted to challenge
myself and break the stigma that Engineering courses
are only for men.
If I am not an EE practitioner, probably I am a pilot.
When a woman works she is more critical and has great
attention to details.
Life is always different in Project Management because
it requires a wide range of expertise in the field of
Electrical Engineering. There are a lot of coordination
to be done considering the differences among other
Engineering fields.
At the end of the day, at this young age, I hope to create
and still eye for bigger goals.
As an electrical engineer, what do you think is your
biggest contribution to the profession? Despite
the challenges and difficulties I face in doing my
responsibilities in this field, I guess my greatest
contribution is that I’m unstoppable. I won’t stop until my
goals as an Electrical Engineer are met. I won’t stop until
my efforts flourish.
Do you agree that females have a disadvantage in the
Electrical profession? I believe none of it. If there is,
then men also have such disadvantage.

IIEE.ORG.PH VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 2 | 31

 FEATURES

Let us revisit R.A. 7920,

specifically Article III, Section 25:

I
ntegration the Electrical
Engineering Professions. –
The electrical engineering
professions shall be integrated into
one national organization which
shall be recognized by the Board
as the one and only integrated
and accredited association of
professional electrical engineers,
registered electrical engineers and
registered master electricians. Every
professional electrical engineer,
registered electrical engineer and
registered master electrician upon
registration at the time with the
Board as such, shall ipso facto,
become a member of the integrated
national organization.

REVISITING
OUR
Those who has been registered with
the Board but are not members of
the said organization at the time

ENGINEERING of the effectivity of this Act, shall

CODE
be allowed to register as members
of the said integrated organization
within three (3) years after the
effectivity of this Act. Membership
in the integrated organization shall
not be a bar to membership in

ETHICS
OF other associations of the electrical
engineering profession.
The professional electrical engineer,
registered electrical engineer,
and registered master electrician
By: The IIEE shall receive the benefits and
Professional privileges appurtenant to this listed
Practice membership in the duly integrated
and accredited electrical engineering
Committee (2019) association only upon payment of
the required membership fees and
dues.

Ethics is concerned with conduct

and character, with emphasis on
the principles and methods for
distinguishing right from wrong and
good from bad. Ethics requires that
man desires that which is good and
act in accordance with that desire.

Professional Ethics In recent

years, owing to rapid social change
and unprecedented technological
developments, there has been a
great resurgence of interest in ethics.
One aspect of this is the attention
given by scientists, engineers,
lawyers, physicians, journalists,
and others to the ethical problems
involved in the practice of their
professions.

32 | VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 2 IIEE.ORG.PH

 Some of these among Filipino
occupational groups have professionals
to make them
formal codes of ethics, which set accountable
to their public
forth principles of conduct deemed liability
appropriate to the special objects and and fully
fulfill their
responsibilities of each profession. professional
obligation
to their
clients; and
A Code of Ethics implies that, before WHEREAS,
anything else, a professional is a person who the Code
will empower
has the obligation to listen to the “dictates of professionals
not only
reason”. This Code of Ethics guides the to upgrade
conduct of a professional. or improve
their technical
and ethical
proficiency but also
to keep them abreast
with modern trends
and technology in their
respective professions, thereby
assuring the highly qualitative and
MALACAÑANG globally competitive professional
MANILA
services, and secure the safety and
BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE protection of the public.
PHILIPPINES
NOW, THEREFORE, I, GLORIA
EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 220 MACAPAGAL-ARROYO, President
23 JUNE 2003
of the Philippines, by virtue of the
powers vested in me by law, do
DIRECTING THE ADOPTION hereby order:
OF THE CODE OF GOOD
GOVERNANCE FOR THE Section 1. The Code of Good
PROFESSIONS IN THE Governance for the Professions in
PHILIPPINES the Philippines shall be adopted by
all registered professionals.
W
HEREAS, pursuant to
Section 14, Article XII of the Section 2. The Governance Advisory
Constitution, “ the sustained Council and the Professional
development of a reservoir of Regulation Commission (PRC)
national talents consisting of Filipino are hereby directed to undertake
scientist xxx professional xxx high measures including networking
level technical manpower xxx shall with government agencies and civil
be promoted by the State; society, to effectively implement
(underscoring supplied) and enforce the Code through the
Professional Regulatory Boards
WHEREAS, good governance is one (PRBs) under the Commissions
pillar of a strong republic; supervision and control.
WHEREAS, by virtue of the Section 3. The PRC shall, after
provisions of Section 5 and 7(a) of consultation with and upon
Republic Act No.8981, otherwise recommendation of the various
known as the PRC Modernization Boards, issue the necessary
Act of 2000, the Professional guidelines and procedures for the
Regulation Commission (PRC), enforcement of the Code.
herein after called the Commission,
is empowered to adopt policies,
such as professional standards and
principles designed to enhance and
maintain high professional, technical,
and ethical standards in the practice CODE OF GOOD GOVERNANCE
of the professions; FOR THE PROFESSIONS IN THE
PHILIPPINES
WHEREAS, the adoption of the
Code of Good Governance will General Principle of Professional
promote and establish ethical Conduct
awareness and competency
IIEE.ORG.PH VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 2 |
Professionals are required not only
to have an ethical commitment, a
personal resolve to act ethically, but
also have both ethical awareness
and ethical competency. Ethical
awareness refers to the ability to
discern between right and wrong,
while ethical competency pertains to
the ability to engage in sound moral
reasoning and consider carefully
in the implications of alternative
actions.
Specific Principles of Professional
Conduct
1.Service to Others
Professionals are committed to
a life of service to others. They
protect life, property, and public
welfare. To serve others, they shall
be prepared for heroic sacrifice and
genuine selflessness in carrying out
their professional duties even at the
expense of personal gain.
2.Integrity and Objectivity
To maintain and broaden public
confidence, professionals shall
perform their responsibilities with
the highest sense of integrity
and imbued with nationalism and
spiritual values. In performance of
any professional service, they shall
at all times maintain objectivity,
be free of conflicts of interest,
and refrain from engaging in any
activity that would prejudice their
abilities to carry out their duties
ethically. They shall avoid making
any representation that would
likely cause a reasonable person to
misunderstand or be deceived.
3. Professional Competence
In providing professional services,
a certain level of competence
is necessary, i.e. knowledge,
technical skills, attitudes, and
experience. Professionals shall,
therefore, undertake only those
professional services that they can
reasonably deliver with professional
competence. Corollary to this, it is
their express obligation to keep up
with new knowledge and techniques
in their field, continually improve
their skills and upgrade their level
of competence, and take part in
a lifelong continuing education
program.
4. Solidarity and Team Work
Each profession shall nurture and
support one organization for all its
members. Through a deep spirit
33
 FEATURES
TECHNICAL

of solidarity, each member should put the broader
interest of the profession above one’s personal ambition
and preference. Through teamwork within a cohesive
professional organization, each member shall effectively
observe ethical practices and pursue continuing
professional development as well as deepen one’s social
and civic responsibility.
5. Social and Civic Responsibility
Professionals shall always carry out their professional
duties with due consideration of the broader interest
of the publics. They shall, therefore, serve their clients/
employers and the publics with professional concern
and in a manner consistent with their responsibilities
to society. As a responsible Filipino citizen, they shall
actively contribute to the attainment of the country’s
national objectives.
6. Global Competitiveness
Every professional shall remain open to the challenges
of a more dynamic and interconnected world. He or
she shall rise up to global standards and maintain levels

of professional practices fully aligned with global best

practices.

7. Equality of All Professions

All professionals shall treat their colleagues with respect

and shall strive to be fair in their dealings with one
another. No one group of professionals is superior
or above others. All professions perform an equally
important, yet distinct, service to society. In the eyes of
the PRC, all professions are equal and, therefore, every
one shall treat other professionals with respect and
fairness.

BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

BOARD RESOLUTION NO.22

Series of 1995

CODE OF ETHICS FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS

FOREWORD
Ethics is a set of moral principles or values that govern
the conduct of an individual belonging to a group or
profession.

34 || VOLUME
34 VOLUME XLVIII
XLVIII 2019
2019 Issue
Issue No.
No. 2
2 IIEE.ORG.PH
IIEE.ORG.PH
Honesty, fairness, and justice form a moral philosophy,
which when associated with mutual interest among
people, constitute the foundations of ethics.
The Electrical Engineer shall observe such a system
of moral principles and values as a set of dynamic
standards to guide his conduct and way of life. It is his
duty to practice his profession according to this Code of
Ethics.
It is the duty of the electrical engineer to involve himself
in activities designed to promote the welfare of his
community in particular as well as of mankind
in general.
Article I – PROFESSIONAL LIFE
Section 1. An Electrical Engineer shall
discharge his duties with absolute fidelity
to his clients and employers, and shall, at all
times act with optimum margin of safety and
with fairness and impartiality to all, having due
regard to public interest and welfare.
Section 2. An Electrical Engineer shall uphold
the honor and dignity of his profession and,
therefore, shall avoid association or business
dealings with any person or enterprises of
questionable character.
Section 3. An Electrical Engineer shall strive to
upgrade his skill and knowledge in electrical
engineering in order to give the best possible
service to the public which could be attained
by exchanging information and experiences
with other engineers, and by unselfishly
contributing to the mission of engineering
societies, institutes, schools and engineering
and scientific media, and other public
institutions.
Section 4. An Electrical Engineer shall only
advertise his work or merit in a simple manner and avoid
any practice that will discredit or do injury to the dignity
and honor of his profession.
Section 5. An Electrical Engineer shall endeavor to
extend knowledge of electrical engineering to the
public and shall discourage spreading the untrue,
unfair, and exaggerated statements regarding electrical
engineering.
Section 6. An Electrical Engineer shall have due regard
at all times for the safety of the life and health of his
employees, other workers, as well as of the general
public and to the protection of life and property that
may be affected by the work under his responsibility.
Section 7. An Electrical Engineer may express his opinion
on an electrical engineering project, whether publicly
or privately, only when such opinion is called for; he
should have adequate knowledge and information of the
relevant issues and facts before he venture an opinion
based upon his honest convictions.
Section 8. An Electrical Engineer shall not issue
statements, criticism, opinions, arguments or other views
on sensitive matters involving the profession except
when public interest is affected.
35 | VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 2 VOLUME XLVIII 2019 IssueIIEE.ORG.PH
IIEE.ORG.PH No. 2 | 35
Article II – RELATIONS WITH CLIENT AND
EMPLOYER
Section 1. An Electrical Engineer shall be fair, impartial
and reasonable in rendering professional service to his
clients, employers and contractors regarding contracts
or other agreements.
Section 2. An Electrical Engineer shall, before
undertaking any engagement or entering into any
contract which calls for his professional service that will
require or need the use of apparatus, other equipment
or things in which he has financial interest, have such
situation clarified in the contract or agreement to avoid
conflict of interest.
Section 3. An Electrical Engineer shall be vigilant in
guarding against conditions that may be dangerous or
threatening to life, health or property on work for which
he is responsible, or to bring to the attention of those
responsible for such conditions.
Section 4. An Electrical Engineer shall present clearly the
known possible consequences or limitations of the work
for which he will be responsible.
Section 5. An Electrical Engineer shall honestly advise
his client or employer if specialized work is called for to
engage the services of competent experts or specialist,
and once engaged he shall cooperate with them in the
interest of his client or employer.
Section 6. An Electrical Engineer shall not accept
compensation from more than one interested party for
the same professional service pertaining to the same
work, without consent of all affected parties.
Section 7. An Electrical Engineer shall not divulge
confidential matters or information which has come
to his knowledge concerning affairs of his clients or
employers, without their consent.
Section 8. An Electrical Engineer who has been engaged
to prepare the specifications of machineries, equipments
or things needed in a project, shall not make the
specifications to fit the machineries, equipment or
things of a prospective bidder for which he has been or
expects to be employed as an engineer, unless he has
the consent of his client or employers.
Section 9. An Electrical Engineer shall promptly disclose
to his client or employer an interest which he may have
in business that may conflict with or affect his decision
regarding engineering work for which he is employed or
which he may be called upon to perform.
Article III – RELATIONS WITH FELLOW ENGINEERS
Section 1. An Electrical Engineer shall endeavor at all
times to protect the electrical engineering profession
individually and collectively with his colleagues against
misrepresentation, distortion, misunderstanding or unfair
criticism.
Section 2. An Electrical Engineer shall give credit to the
engineering work of the person to whom the credit is
legally due.
 FEATURES
FEATURE

  might endanger the public or the

Section 3. An Electrical Engineer
shall live up to the standards of
professional practice of electrical
engineering.
 
Section 4. An Electrical Engineer
shall not directly or indirectly
injure the professional reputation,
prospects, or practice of his
colleagues in the profession.
Whether he finds an Electrical
Engineer violating the rules of ethic
or professional practices, he shall
bring the matter to the attention of
the proper forum for disciplinary or
for other appropriate action.
Section 5. An Electrical Engineer
shall not compete with another
Electrical Engineer on the basis of
compensation for a particular work
by means or underbidding, after the
results of a public bidding had been
announced.
Section 6. An Electrical Engineer
shall not alter, modify or improve
the whole electrical plan or any
portion thereof prepared and/
or signed and sealed by another
Professional Electrical Engineer
without the latter’s written consent
or permission.
Section 7. An Electrical Engineer
shall not malign, vilify, or destroy
the good name and reputation of
others.
Article IV – PENAL PROVISIONS
Section 1. Violation of any of this
Code shall constitute unethical,
unprofessional and dishonorable
conduct and the violator shall be
subjected to disciplinary action by
the Board of Electrical Engineering.
IIEE CODE OF ETHICS
Foreword
The Engineer shall uphold and
advance the integrity, honor
and dignity of the engineering
profession by:
Using his knowledge and skill
for the enhancement of human
welfare;
Being honest and impartial,
and serving with fidelity the
public, his employers and his
clients; and
Striving to increase the
competence and prestige of
the engineering profession.
the Fundamental Canons
We, therefore Members of the
Institute of Integrated Electrical
Engineers of the Philippines, (IIEE),
in recognition of the never-ending
involvement of our technology, in
uplifting the quality if life, and in
accepting a personal obligation
and dedication to our profession,
its members and the communities
we serve, do hereby pledge and
commit ourselves to the highest
ethical and professional conduct and
agree:
To accept responsibility, in making
sound engineering decisions,
consistent with the safety, health
and welfare of the public, and to
disclose promptly the factors that
environment.
To avoid real and perceived conflicts
of interest whenever possible, and
to disclose them to affected parties
when they do exist.
To be honest, objective and
impartial and realistic in stating
claims or estimates based on
available facts.
To prevent graft and corruption in all
its form.
To improve the understanding of
technology and its advancement,
its appropriate application, and
potential consequences.
To maintain and improve our
technical competence and to
undertake technological tasks
for others only if by qualified by
education, training or experience,
or after full disclosure of pertinent
limitations.
To seek, accept, and offer honest
and constructive criticism of
technical work; to acknowledge and
correct errors; and to credit to credit
properly their contributors.
To treat fairly all persons regardless
of race, gender, disability, age or
national origin.
To avoid injury to other’s life,
property, reputation or livelihood by
false or malicious actions; and
To assist colleagues and co-workers
in their professional development
and to support them in following this
Code of Ethics.

The IIEE CORE VALUES

Integrity – honesty, transparency and fairness
in all aspects of our daily lives.
Innovation – to introduce changes or new
ideas for continuous improvement.
Empowerment – to give officers and members
the freedom to innovate and be recognized for
their contribution to the Institute.
Excellence – the state of being extremely
good or outstanding in everything we do.

36 | VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 2 IIEE.ORG.PH


ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY OF BATANGAS – BATANGAS CITY
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT
OF DRAGLESS VERTICAL AXIS
WIND TURBINE
MA. NICOLE A. CAAWAY, BRANDO VAN WRENI B. DAGLI, WENDELL VERLO P. DE CHAVEZ,
JOYCE KATHLEEN C. LUMBRES, JAYNAL HARD R. MATULAC, KURT CHRISTIAN DL MENDOZA,
LEONARD D. SACRO, NHICA T. SAN JUAN
1.0 Introduction
Throughout the years, mankind has
been aided by different machines
may it be in transportation,
navigation or construction. Up until
now, mankind has been benefitting
from this technologically advanced
era.
Advancements in technology did
not just happen in an instant. A lot
of time was invested for people to
keep on advancing and improving
technology without affecting nature,
for the benefit of both the market
and consumers.
One endeavor which can solve this
crisis is the usage of renewable
energy such as tidal, solar, wind and
biogas resources since they are all
abundant and are all sustainable
unlike the non-renewable resources.
These are resources with no threat
for extinction thus, could be a
replacement to non-renewable
energy and could be very efficient.
(Shraddha R Jogdhankar and S.D.
Rahul Bhardwaj)
Wind energy is one of the most
competitive renewable energies
along with water, solar and biomass.
Considering also the geographical
attributes, wind turbine would be
very suitable and would be very
efficient for power generation. (M.
Salman Siddiqui, Adil Rasheed,
Trond Kvamsdal and Mandar Tabib)
In this present day, prominent wind
turbines are Vertical Axis Wind
Turbine (VAWT) and Horizontal Axis
Wind Turbine (HAWT).
VAWT is quite advantageous in
terms of cost investment and
installation though HAWTs typically
have higher efficiency when
it comes to converting kinetic
energy of the atmospheric air into
electricity, making it dominant in
the commercial utility-scale wind
power market. However, one main
advantage of VAWT over HAWT is
that due to the orientation of the
IIEE.ORG.PH VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 2 |
blades, it has the ability to accept
wind from all directions without
yawing and it could also provide
direct rotary drive to a fixed load
since the entire shaft can turn
which is mounted to the actual
generator and other mechanisms
at ground level thus, making the
job of performing maintenance
easier. VAWT also has turbine blade
designed either vertical or in the
shape of an egg beater where the
vertical axis wind turbine blades
were attached to a central vertical
shaft which has specific advantages
over the design of HAWT as
mentioned earlier. Also, during
gusty wind conditions, these units
are less likely to sustain damage
compared to traditionally designed
wind turbines. Nonetheless, they
both are producing electricity with
losses in it.
The main objective of the study was
to improve the design of VAWT with
the purpose of lessening the drag
in the wind turbine to improve its
efficiency and to prove whether this
design could be used commercially.
The study also addressed the
following:
1.Design of a Dragless Vertical
Axis Wind Turbine taking into
consideration the drag effect of the
rotating blades
2.Determination of suitable location
in which the wind turbines can
generate power enough to supply a
load;
3.Test the functionality of the whole
prototype as an alternative producer
of generated wind electricity based
on:
a) Rotation of blades and
b) Tilting of blades;
4. Evaluate and check the turbines’
efficiency gathered from test of the
conventional VAWT and the dragless
VAWT in terms of:
a) Generated voltage vs. wind
speed,
TECHNICAL
b) Generated current vs. wind
speed, and
c) Charge and Discharge Rate.
With the purpose of producing
a design for improvement of
VAWT, proponents of this study
came up with the title: “Design
and Development of Dragless
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine.” This
study included the design of the
turbine and its development which
would help lessen the drag in
every rotation of the blade without
sacrificing its efficiency and output
power for the consumers.
This research paper was only limited
to creation and development of a
dragless vertical axis wind turbine
and also to understanding and
identification of the operation
involved in the whole process.
Also, turbines were only installed at
location within the range of 1.8 to
14.75 m/s. Researchers were not to
prove that the turbine can be able
to generate output at harsh wind
speed. It is for future researchers
to have an interlock system for the
turbine in case it will experience
harsh wind speeds.
The group has created a simple
prototype to be compared to a
normal VAWT of the same size
and to prove that it has a higher
efficiency. If proven and approved
for mass production, then varying
the size will take place. And that
is given to future researchers who
wanted to have a deeper learning
about the topic of minimizing the
drag in a vertical axis wind turbine.
2.0 Methodology
Action Research was the method
used by the group in gathering
data and in determining possible
solutions on the current problem.
This research method required a
change or an improvement in the
current system in which it followed
a cyclical process in planning and
operation up to the evaluation
37
 TECHNICAL
wherein it was conformable to the
objectives of the researchers in
pursuing the study.
This paper only stated and rendered
results of the testing which were
done on places with sufficient
source of wind, enough to make
the blades of the wind turbine
rotate and produce expected
output. To test the efficiency of
the proposed design of the wind
turbine, the group also provided a
VAWT in parallel with the size of the
proposed design and both were
installed at the same place. This
design was only expected to supply
power to devices of small wattages.
The group also studied the
computations used by previous
researchers and analyzed it for
further understanding. Those
formulas also helped the group
in determining expected output
power of the turbine. Formulas were
tackled along with the discussion of
the conceptual framework.
Figure 2.1 Conceptual Framework
The conceptual framework served as
guide on the flow of operation of the
wind turbine the group created.
Two turbines were constructed, the
existing VAWT and the proposed
design. Two turbines would also
have the same dimensions and
materials to assure the efficiency of
the new design, when calculated,
would not be biased.
on the formulas gathered by the
researchers and would be evaluated
later on.
The output power of the Dragless
VAWT was recorded and was
compared to the output power of
the other turbine. After the stage of
recording the values gathered from
the testing, analysis and comparison
were done.
Since the output power generated
was dependent on the size of
38 | VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 2 IIEE.ORG.PH
the turbine, the group searched
for a supporting formula for the
relationship of the power to the
area. As stated by Dr. Gary Johnson
(Nov. 21), the relationship between
the two is provided in the following
formulas.
where:
P w = power of the wind (W)
ρ = air density (approximately 1.225 )
A =swept area (d x h) ( )
v = undisturbed wind speed ( )
Pw=1/2 ρAv3
This formula stated that power in
the wind is proportional to the air
density, to the swept area and to
the natural or undisturbed wind
speed. It was clearly seen that only a
fraction of this power could actually
be extracted.
Take note also that the power of
the wind indicates the importance
of wind speed in power generation
because power generation increases
proportionally as wind increases to
the third power.
Another formula also stated
reduction indicating that not 100%
of the wind energy going into the
turbine could be extracted and
can be converted into electricity
because some of the wind energy
was used in pressure changes across
the turbine blades. The pressure
change decreases the velocity
and so, for this instance, Dr. Gary
Johnson also stated the formula for
getting the mechanical power:
Pm=1/2 * 16/17 ρAv3
16/17 in the above-mentioned
formula is known as the Betz
Number. This is also equal to 0.593
which only means that only 59.3% of
the wind power could be extracted
given that it is an ideal vertical axis
wind turbine. However, this can
only be present on large turbines
having an ideal design. A good limit
applicable in small turbines ranges
from 35% to 45%. The study was
limited in using 35% of the wind
power in computing for the input
power. In addition, dragless wind
turbine used a limit of 40%. This
limit was only applicable to dragless
turbines of small sizes which
considers drag in computation.
On the other hand, when a wind
turbine was crossed by a flow of
air, it could get the energy of the
mass flow and convert it in rotating
energy. This conversion presents
some limits due to Betz number.
This mathematically shows that there
was a limit during this kind of energy
conversion that cannot be passed.
In order to explain this limit, a power
coefficient C is given by:
P
Cp=Pt/Pw
where:
Cp= coefficient of performance
pt = power of the turbine
pw = power of the wind
Cp represents the amount of energy
that a specific turbine can absorb
from the wind. As discussed earlier
in Betz coefficient, only 59.3% of the
power in the wind can be extracted
in the case of an ideal turbine.
However, an ideal turbine is a
theoretical case. Turbine efficiencies
in the range of 20% to 40% are said
to be good.
In addition, A, area, in the formulas
given denotes the swept area of the
turbine which is dependent on the
turbine diameter and the turbine
blade length.
A =D L
s t b
where:
A s=swept area
Dt =diameter of the turbine
Lb =length of the blades
And for the efficiency of the turbine,
formula is given as:
Since no more than 59% of the
wind energy can be extracted
from the wind turbine, a high
efficiency cannot be dissipated.
The group only computed the
resulting efficiency of the turbine
and only proved that Dragless
VAWT has higher efficiency than the
conventional one.
3.0 Results and
Discussion
During the conceptualization and
construction of the actual design of
the prototype, the two designs were
compared and analyzed.

Table 3.1 Cost Comparison
Table 3.2 Scale cell-index factor
Table 3.1 shows the comparison
of cost of the two designs that
the researchers considered
before making the prototype. In
comparison, Design A and Design B,
the weight of the components, did
not contrast that much indicating
that all components almost played
the same importance in each design.
Table 3.2 shows the scale index
factor that the researchers used to
score each component.
Table 3.3 displays the rating of each
design according to the total score
function of each design. According
to these results, the researchers
found out that in terms of cost,
Design B has an upper advantage
compared to the other.
Table 3.4
Efficiency Comparison
Table 3.4 shows the table of
assessment for the efficiency of the
designs. This helped the researchers
determine the most efficient design.
Design B was the preferable design
to choose in terms of efficiency.
IIEE.ORG.PH VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 2 |
Table 3.5 Design Comparison
Table 3.5 is the last table of
comparison that evaluated the
reliability of the design when made
as a prototype.
Figure 3.1 Level of Acceptance
Figure 3.1 shows the graph of level
of acceptance of the designs. It is
clearly presented that design B has
the highest level of acceptability
among the two.
Figure 3.2 Cost vs Blades
Figure 3.2 is the trade-off analysis
of the cost versus the component
blades of the designs. Results
revealed that design B has the
advantage in terms of cost compare
to design A.
Figure 3. 3 Efficiency vs Blades
Figure 3.3 displays the graph of
contrast in terms of efficiency of
design A and design B. The score
function 0.25 compared to 0.2 in
terms of body structure for efficiency
clearly indicated that design B is still
the best choice among the two.
Figure 3.4 Design vs Blades
Figure 3.4 is the trade-off analysis
of design versus the blades of each
design. Design A is lower than
Design B, and thus this design is
more preferable to choose. The
score fuctions of each for design A
was 0.5 and for design B the score
is 0.4.
3.1 Design of a Dragless Vertical
Axis Wind Turbine
The existing design of vertical wind
turbine has a high loss and low
efficiency that is why the proponents
came up with a solution of improving
the design of the said vertical axis
wind turbine which produces lower
power loss and higher efficiency
than the existing ones.
Figure 3.5 shows the block
diagram used by the researchers in
constructing the wind turbine.
39
 TECHNICAL
Figure 3.5 Block Diagram of Vertical
Axis Wind Turbine
Blades were rotating as wind
strikes the turbine. Gears also drive
as blades rotate. The turbine is
composed of two pairs of a small
and a large gear. This resulted to
larger rpm. The larger gear has 48
teeth while the small gear only has
16 teeth. This mechanism helps the
turbine produce larger torque then
larger output power.This mechanism
helps the turbine produce larger
torque then larger output power.
Below is the larger gear with 48
teeth and the smaller gear with 16
teeth.
Figure 3.6 48 Teeth vs. 16 Teeth
Gear
Following is the generator which
converts the mechanical energy
absorbed by the turbine into
electrical energy which will be sent
to the regulator. This regulator
converts the output of the turbine
into DC. This output was then stored
to the battery.
Also, an inverter is connected after
the battery for the conversion of
DC output into AC output. Upon
using inverter, any gadgets or
appliance may now be connected to
it considering that the said gadgets
are of low wattages.
Schematic Diagram
Figure 3.7 Schematic Diagram of
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
40 | VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 2 IIEE.ORG.PH
Figure 3.8 Schematic Diagram of
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine with
connected Inverter
Project Design
Presented here is the design
proposed by the researchers for the
purpose of improving the existing
design of the conventional vertical
axis wind turbine. Researchers came
up with the idea of lessening the
drag experienced by the turbine
in order to have a higher output
over the conventional turbine. Both
included here were the conventional
wind turbine and the dragless
wind turbine. Design of dragless
wind turbine was analyzed and was
modified until researchers achieved
the desired output power.
Figure 3.9 Conventional Vertical Axis
Wind Turbine Top View
Figure 3.10 Conventional Vertical
Axis Wind Turbine Side View
Figure 3.11 Conventional Vertical
Axis Wind Turbine Isometric View
Figures 3.10 to 3.11 show the CAD
of the conventional vertical axis
wind turbine consisting of blades
which served as the prime mover
of the generator. The blades of the
said wind turbine were designed to
be lightweight because its weight
can affect its rotation. The blades
were connected in a steel square
tube which were directly coupled
in the gearbox which served as the
multiplier of the rotation. Inside the
gearbox were four 50W AC mini
generator connected in parallel
with each other. The group tested
the turbine which resulted to a very
low output. It was concluded that
the design created was a failure
so the group tried to enlarge the
dimensions of the blades of the
turbines in order to produce a
higher output.
Presented below is the modified
design in different views.
Figure 3.12 Modified Conventional
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Top View
Figure 3.12 Modified Conventional
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Top View
Figure 3.13 Modified Conventional
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Side View

Figure 3.14 Modified Conventional
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Isometric
View
This time, the conventional turbine
produced a higher output which
was enough to light a bulb of 3
watts rating. However, there was
additional modification applied
on the blades. Since the blades
cannot maintain its initial bend,
the researchers added a horizontal
metal thin plate to fix the blades into
its position. Below is the turbine with
the said horizontal thin metal plate.
Figure 3.15 Modified Conventional
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine with Thin
Metal Plate Top View
Figure 3.16 Modified Conventional
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine with Thin
Metal Plate Side View
IIEE.ORG.PH VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 2 |
Figure 3.20 Dragless Vertical Axis
Wind Turbine First Design
Isometric View
Figure 3.17 Modified Conventional
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine with Thin
Metal Plate Isometric View
In order to quantify the weight
of the support of the blades, the
proponents estimated additional
weight for each blade. The
additional weight which served as
the support on the blades did not
affect the overall operation of the
wind turbine. Figure 3.21 Dragless Vertical Axis
Wind Turbine Modified Design Top
After this, the group then proceeded View
to the creation of the dragless wind
turbine. For it to be called ‘dragless’,
the group added the rudder in
order to know the direction of the
wind, a stopper to lessen the noise
whenever the blades tilt, and a
vertical hook attached opposite the
rudder whose primary purpose is to
tilt the blades.
Presented below is the dragless
wind turbine. Figure 3.22 Dragless Vertical Axis
Wind Turbine Modified Design Side
View
Figure 3.18 Dragless Vertical Axis
Wind Turbine First Design Top View
Figure 3.23 Dragless Vertical Axis
Wind Turbine Modified Design
Isometric View
Figure3.19
Dragless
Vertical Another modification was done to
Axis Wind replace the rudder and the hook
Turbine First enabling the tilting of the blades.
Design Side Below is the finalized design of the
View group.
41
 TECHNICAL

recordings of voltage and ampacity.

Also, anemometer was used in
determining the wind speed in the
location where installation was done.
Below are the tabulated results of
the testing.

A. Generated Voltage vs. Wind

Speed at No Load condition

a. Conventional
Figure 3.24 Dragless Vertical Axis Wind
Turbine Final Design Top View

b. Dragless
Table 3.8 Generated Voltage at NL
vs. Wind Speed

Figure 3.25 Dragless Vertical Axis Wind

Turbine Final Design Side View

Figure
3.26
Dragless
Vertical
Axis Wind
Turbine
Final
Design
Isometric
View c. Ratio of Voltage at NL vs. Wind
Speed

Table 3.9
Ratio of Generated Voltage at NL vs.
speed
Figure 3.26 is the final design used
by the proponents in getting the
results and for evaluating the two
turbines. As part of modifications,
rudder was improved and resized.
Some parts were removed such as
the vertical hook and was replaced Table 3.9 shows the ratio of voltage
with ball bearings for which it at no load condition vs. wind speed
enabled the blades to rotate with in terms of m/s. As shown on the
lesser friction. This produced higher table, dragless turbine has greater
output than the conventional ones. ratio than the conventional turbine.
After this, test instruments were then From this table, it can be concluded
connected and recording of results that the dragless turbine has better
took place. output than the conventional one.
Needed Materials B. Ampere vs. Wind Speed on
Load Condition
Table 3.6
Components Used in Designing Vertical a. Conventional
Axis Wind Turbine Table 3.10 Ampere vs. Wind Speed
on Load Condition
3.4 Readings

In order to determine the
generated power, series of tests
were conducted. Measuring
instruments were connected for the

42 | VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 2 IIEE.ORG.PH


Seen in Table 3.10 is the relationship
of generated current vs wind speed.
These data were recorded with a 3W
bulb. A brighter lamp is achieved
when the turbine generated higher
output. The generated ampere is
also directly proportional to the
wind speed present in the location
of the turbine.
b. Dragless
Table 3.11Ampere vs. Wind Speed on
Load Condition
For the dragless wind turbine the
test resulted where the load lit even
at the lowest wind speed of 2 m/s
though a dimmer output was seen
compared to that of the result at 3.5
m/s.
Efficiency Computation
A. Conventional
Table 3.12 Efficiency Computation of
Conventional Turbine
For the computation of the
Efficiency, there were parameters
needed to attain before obtaining
the Efficiency. The area used on
both computations was the same.
IIEE.ORG.PH VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 2 |
B. Dragless
Table 3.13
Efficiency Computation of Dragless
Turbine
Below is the computation for the
efficiency of the dragless wind
turbine. Also, the area used in this
computation was same as that of the
conventional turbine.
C. Comparison between
Conventional and Dragless VAWT
Table 3.14 Percent Difference of
Conventional and Dragless
From this table, it can be seen that the
efficiency of the dragless wind turbine
is higher than that of the conventional
wind turbine. This also proved that the
design of the researchers is better than
the existing one.
4.0 Conclusions and
Recommendations
After conducting series of tests and
studies, proponents were able to
draw the following conclusions and
recommendations:
1. The design of the Dragless Vertical
Axis Wind Turbine was a success for the
researchers proved that the turbine with
lesser drag can produce better output
with higher efficiency compared to the
conventional type. This efficiency is
1.44% greater than the efficiency of the
conventional type proving that it is a
better design.
2.Since the prototype was installed in an
open field (with circulating more freely)
in Banaba South, Batangas City with
range of 1.8 - 14.75 m/s wind speed,
researchers were able to draw expected
outputs without any hindrance in the
system. It can be added that a higher
output can be generated at higher wind
speed.
3.The blades of the dragless vertical
axis wind turbine tilt at 70 – 90 degrees
position and the blades rotate smoothly
at the range of 3.2 – 4 m/s wind speeds.
4.The results gained by the researchers
met expected output when the dragless
wind generator produced highest
efficiency of 17.41% compared to 17.02%
efficiency of the conventional generator.
Based on the foregoing conclusions, the
following were the recommendations
made by the researchers:
1.To generate a higher output, sizing
of the turbine and finding a suitable
location to cope up with the greater
wind speed. Placing the turbine on a
location with higher wind speed can
help generate higher output power.
2.For future studies, the proponents
recommend to use a ball bearing for
lesser friction instead of using a vertical
hook connected to a rudder.
3.Making a sturdy support that can
withstand much greater wind speed may
be done and future researchers may
include an interlock in the system so
that if harsh wind is present, blades of
the turbine would not be damaged and
would be saved.
4.For more accurate computation of
the dimensions, use a tachometer in
computing for the maximum rotor speed
for this will be used in computing the
proper dimensions of the blades of the
wind turbine. Also, for additional tabular
data, future researchers may include the
rpm produced by the wind turbine.
References:
A. Rasheed, R. Holdahl, T. Kvamsdal, E. Åkervik
(2014). A comprehensive simulation methodology
for fluid-structure interaction of offshore wind
turbines. Energy Procedia, 53, pp. 135-145
Amri, Fethi, (2017). The relationship amongst
energy consumption (renewable and non-
renewable), and GDP in Algeria, Renewable and
Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 76(C),
pages 62-71.
Bazilevs, Y., Korobenko, A., Deng, X., Yan, J. (2015).
Novel structural modeling and mesh moving
techniques for advanced fluidstructure interaction
simulation of wind turbines. International Journal
for Numerical Methods in Engineering; 102(3-
4):766-783.
Hwang, I., Min, S., Jeong, I., Lee, Y., Kim, S. (2006).
Efficiency Improvement of anew Vertical Axis
Wind Turbine by Individual Active Control of Blade
Motion. School of Mechanical and Aerospace
Engineering, Seoul National University, The
Republic of Korea.
Omri, Anis & Ben Mabrouk, Nejah & Sassi-Tmar,
Amel, (2015). "Modeling the causal linkages
between nuclear energy, renewable energy and
economic growth in developed and developing
countries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy
Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 1012-1022.
Self-Starting Vertical Axis Wind Turbine. Retrieved
from: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/downloa
d?doi=10.1.1.512.5065&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Vertical Axis Wind Turbines. Retrieved From:
http://mragheb.com/NPRE%20475%20Wind%20
Power%20Systems/Vertical%20Axis%20Wind%20
Turbines.pdf
M.S. Siddiqui, N. Durrani, I. Akhtar (2015).
Quantification of the effects of geometric
approximations on the performance of a vertical
axis wind turbine. Renewable Energy, 74, pp. 661-
670
43
 TECHNICAL
S
afe use of overcurrent
protection devices
requires short circuit
study. The protection of
an electrical system should
not only be safe under all
service condition but it
should also be selectively
coordinated to so that
continuity of service can
be achieved. Overcurrent
protection devices should
provide short circuit
protection as well as
overload protection for the
system components.
To assure that system
components are protected
from damage, it is
necessary to calculate the
fault current at various
critical points in the
electrical system. Once
the short circuit currents
are determined, the
appropriate current
interrupting capacity
can be specified, then
selectively coordinate
the system and provide
component protection.
What is short-circuit?
Short-circuit is an
abnormal condition of
relatively low-resistance
between two points in an
electric circuit through
which the current tends to
flow rather than along the
intended path and usually
results in the flow of excess
current. It can damage the
circuit by overheating.
It is a faulty connection
between two points of
different potential in an
electric circuit, bypassing
the load and establishing
a path of low resistance
through which an
excessive current can flow.
It can cause damage to the
components if the circuit
is not protected. Although
usually the result of a fault,
this can also cause circuit
damage.
Short circuit current
reduces the effect of
impedance in the circuit
while the current in the
circuit rises. During the
first moment of the fault
current, the current attains
its maximum value then
undergoes a continuous
44 | VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 2 IIEE.ORG.PH
SHORT
change, a phenomenon
called transients.
Basic Considerations
Short-circuit calculations
involve calculating fault
currents at all critical points
in the system. Sources of
short circuit current that
are normally taken under
consideration include: (a)
Utility Generation, (b) Local
Generation, (c) Service
Entrance, (d) Panel Boards,
(e) Motors and (f) Loads.
Interrupting Capacity
and Interrupting
Rating
Interrupting Capacity is
defined as “the actual
short circuit current that a
protective device has been
tested to interrupt”.
Interrupting Rating is
defined as “the maximum
short-circuit current
that a protective device
can safely clear, under
specified test conditions.
Equipment intended to
break current at fault levels
shall have an interrupting
rating sufficient for the
system voltage and the
current which is available
at the line terminals of the
equipment.
Methods and
Procedures for Short
Circuit Calculations
Short-circuit calculations
may be done in three-
ways: (a) the ohmic R(Ω/305m) = 0.033 Xpu = 0.040 x10 x 100
305 x2 (.23)²
method, (b) the per unit
method, and (c) the point
to point method. In this
article the per unit method
of calculation will be used.
Short-circuit analysis
determines potential
faults which can cause
power supply interruption,
equipment damage,
electrical fire hazard and
power outage to some
extent.
Initially, the utility data,
transformer data,
conductor size, length,
and reactance and
resistance are needed to
be able to compute for
the impedance and fault
current.
CIRCUIT
Impedance Diagram

FAULT CALCULATION

To determine the fault current at any point in the system,

a single-line diagram or one-line diagram is needed
to show all the sources of short-circuit current feeding
into the fault. An equivalent impedance diagram for the
system is also needed to complete the computation.

Single-line Diagram

IIEE.ORG.PH VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 2 | 45

 TECHNICAL

SHORT

Line to Line Fault

Line to Ground Fault

REFERENCES:
PEC1 2017
Short-circuits in AC and DC Systems: Power Systems
Handbook, Volume 1. Das, J.C. CRC Press, Taylor &
Francis Group. Boca Raton. 2017
Short Circuits in Power Systems: A Practical guide to IEC
60909-0. Kasikci, Ismail. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. Second
Edition. 2017
Power Systems Modelling and Fault Analysis. Tleis,
Nasser D. London Academic Press. Second Edition. 2019

46 | VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 2 IIEE.ORG.PH

CIRCUIT

Line to Line to Ground Fault

SHORT CIRCUIT SUMMARY

NOTE: The Example (computation) given above is for a

3-phase system.

IIEE.ORG.PH VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 2 | 47