Lec -31 Nutrigenomics - definition – relation to nutraceuticals

Lec -15 Nutrient gene interaction in control of obesity

Definition of Nutrigenomics

• Nutrigenomics therefore initially referred to the study of the effects of nutrients on the
expression of an individual’s genetic makeup. Instructions in our DNA are converted into
a functional product, such as a protein is Gene expression .
• Nutrigenomics is concerned with the impact of dietary components on the genome,
the proteome (the sum total of all proteins), and the metabolome (the sum of all
metabolites).
• Nutrigenomics is an emerging science which investigates a certain area of nutrition that
uses molecular tools to search, access and understand the several responses obtained
through a certain diet applied between individual and population groups (Sales et al.,
2014).
• Nutrigenomics is an emerging discipline of science that assesses how nutrients affect
genes (e.g., gene expression) and how genes affect nutrient metabolism (e.g., genetic
variation affecting caffeine metabolism), impacting specific health outcomes. The
science of nutrigenomics is underpinned by bioinformatics, genomics, molecular biology
and nutrition, which when combined are used to understand differences and similarities
in genetic expression across a population in relation to diet. Nutrigenomics research
assesses the relationship between genes and nutrient absorption, metabolism, taste
perception and satiation.
• The term “nutrigenomics” was first described in 2001 from Pelegrin (2001) and then, it
appears in 2002 in a review by Van Ommen and Stierum (2002). A literature search in
PubMed database using ‘nutrigenomics’ as a keyword resulted in 1005 articles since
2001 until present.
Three ‘omics’ disciplines, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics and the way that
these genes–proteins–metabolites could interact and be applied for personalised nutrition, are
studied by Nutrigenomics (Affolter et al., 2009) .
Various diseases can be predicted individually, including the difference of susceptibility or the
difference of disease risk, and the effectiveness of drugs by analyzing the SNPs (Single
Nucleotide Polymorphisms,: single nucleotide mutation), which represents personal variation
of genomes.

There is a need to design individualized and locally-tailored lifestyle and physical activity
recommendations to prevent, treat, and manage diabetes where lifestyle is a major risk factor.
Such interventions could be empowered using holistic approaches such as “omics”.

Omics dealt with Biological profiling of individuals’ molecular characteristics

Nutritional Epigenomics.

Epigenomics can be defined as the study of the complete set of epigenetic modifications in a
cell or in a tissue at a given time.
Epigenetics.

The epigenetic studies the DNA Sequencing, linking the DNA and histones, which may cause
changes in chromamtin structure withoutchanging the sequence of the nucleotides.
Nutritional Transcriptomics. :

Transcriptomics studies the complete set of activated RNA transcripts .

Proteomics.

Proteomics is the science that studies the complete set of proteins involved in the biological
processes of a certain species. Number of steps involved in making of protein is Two.