Well, deindustrialization is just the opposite.

It's a process in which the industrial activity in a

country or region is removed or reduced because of a major economic or social change. There are
many reasons why this can happen.
Overall, deindustrialization usually occurs because a particular industrial activity is no longer
economically viable. For example, maybe a region containing lots of steelworks can no longer
compete with cheaper steel from abroad. When that happens, those steelworks are forced to go out
of business. It can also happen simply because the focus of a society changes. Perhaps fewer
people want to work in a particular industry anymore, or the pollution created by the industry is no
longer desirable, and so there are no longer any economic incentives provided by the government.
One common thing that happens to many societies is that they go through an industrial period and,
as the wealth of the country or region increases, the emphasis shifts to services and more luxury
goods.

Global City

First what is a global city? (itang parang requiremnts para iconsider na global city ya)

It’s a multicultural city. It must have buildings and famous monuments. So it’s a cultural
city.

It has got many industries and very famous business. So it has an economic influence.
Besides transport are important and speed in this kind of city.

The peoples who live in this kind of city don’t need cars because they have all in this
city: supermarket, job, park, musem.
EXAMPLES OF GLOBAL CITY AND WHY
Afterwards we will see Singapore is a global city. In fact it have all characteristics of global. 5 million
inhabitants live in Singapore whose 80% are foreigners. Besides it used to be a British colony. So
Singaporeans speak English and Malay. So Singapore is multicultural city. Obviously it has economic
influence because it’s a strategic passageway for global trade and it has lot of industries like chemicals
industries or electronics industries. It have also modern architecture such as a Marina by Sands Hostel
with is 3 building with a boat on the roof. This city has a positive impact because there are a strong
economy, high quality of school and healthcare, many public services, cultural diversity. However all
aren’t positive, it has also a negative impact. For example, the people’s freedom are limits by a strict laws
to Singapore is remaining a model city. There is also pollution because of congestion, industry,..

Finally the second example Seoul. At the beginning we will see why Seoul is a global city. It has got 10
millions of inhabitants. It’s a multicultural city because there are peoples of different origins like American,
European, Vietnamese, and so on. This city is called “Korea’s Wall Street”. So it’s has a big economic
influence. It has a very famous technology industry which call Samsung. Seoul has a good public
transport. It’s has a positive impact because it’s a global city which has the lowest unemployment rate
with only 3,5%. Its digital network is the most technologically advanced in world. But like Singapore, it has
a negative impact on the environmentally-friendly like a congestion. Nevertheless the city political
authorities are planning to convert over one thousand of diesel engine buses into natural gas engine
buses.

Why Hong Kong is a global city

Hong Kong makes the top 30 of our Global City Index, although its position at 26th reflects
some of our concerns.

It has many of the ingredients that, in our view, make a city attractive to invest in.

We always emphasise the impact of a strong cultural scene in a global city, particularly to
support inbound tourism which is a vital source of foreign exchange money.

In Hong Kong's case, it is famous for its iconic skyline and world famous food, but there are
many other assets that make it a place people want to live and visit, including the Hong Kong
Convention and Exhibition Centre, Disneyland, as well as beautiful parks and beaches.

It also has obvious geographical limits on urban sprawl, given the restricted land mass of
Kowloon and Hong Kong Island. A limit to growth is another key requirement for an investor in
global cities as any restrictions to building should support rents over the long term.

TOP 25 GLOBAL CITIES

TOP 5 GLOBAL CITIES

Global City and Globalization

the worldwide dispersion of economic activity by today’s major transnational
corporations requires such increasingly sophisticated coordination and management
that these firms are required to outsource crucial corporate services, such as financial,
accounting, advertising, legal, computer and communications functions. To
provide global coverage and serve their clients’needs, these service firms, in turn,
establish international connections, locating themselves in cities around the globe.
Through these webs of corporate service industries, cities thus guarantee the global
reach of multinational firms, serving as “central places where the work of globalization
gets done”.

Global city and the poor

POSITIVE
Competition Within the developed countries, business and governmental leaders of
large cities typically aspire to reach global-city status. 

NEGATIVE
Increasing inequalities of income (why? In HK which is considered as a global city, it
experience poverty and inequalities. The low-skilled and less-educated workers are
marginalised and trapped in a vicious cycle of low income and poverty.)
Successful cities inevitably victims of their own success
Global city exist, as well as global slums (Most slums are not global, just like most
cities are not global) (Global slums are the other side of many global cities, especially in
the global South. In its most extreme format, each global city has a global slum, either
next to it or in its center. The bigger and more powerful the global city, the bigger and
more mobilized its slums.) EXAMPLE? Furthermore, an international city doesn’t just
require people from different nationalities: it also needs to succeed in attracting people from
around the world. This is something Hong Kong is becoming increasingly bad at. We have bad
air pollution, dirty beaches, and an increasingly serious waste problem. The cost of living in the
city has risen and caused a widening wealth gap that makes the “working poor” a disappointing
reality. Our property prices are also among the most expensive in the world, and such scarce
land resources make entrepreneurship by both Hongkongers and international community hard
to stimulate.

Less job opportunities or The cities grow to became global while other suffer
deindustrialization or stagnation of their economies. (Although people go to urban
cities because there are more opportunities there, still, because of the advancement in
technology like machines less jobs for people) (While economic globalization has
created great wealth, it is increasingly clear that the benefits of this growth are very
unevenly distributed. Wealth has accumulated at the very top of the income scale while
the wages paid for the service jobs that have replaced manufacturing jobs lost to
globalization have stagnated or declined. If this growing inequality is both harmful for
urban residents and an inexorable part of the global city, then this is a serious problem
for the idea that global cities are a benefit for the majority of their residents.)
Business Activity (headquarters, services firms, capital markets value, number of
international conferences, value of goods through ports and airports)
Human Capital (size of foreign born population, quality of universities, number of
international schools, international student population, number of residents with college
degrees)
Information Exchange (accessibility of major TV news channels, Internet presence
(basically number of search hits), number of international news bureaus, censorship,
and broadband subscriber rate)
Cultural Experience (number of sporting event, museums, performing arts venues,
culinary establishments, international visitors, and sister city relationships).
Political Engagement (number of embassies and consulates, think tanks, international
organizations, political conferences)