Weaning

Presented by: Rajeev Nepal

Lecturer: Universal college of medical sciences, Bhairahawa
Email:nepalrajeev11@gmail.com
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 Weaning foods should have:
 protein content of at least 20% (on a dry weight basis)
a fat content of 10%
a moisture content of 5% to 10%
and a total ash content of not more than 5%.
Weaning food should be rich in calories, good-quality
protein, vitamins, & minerals, and also easily digestible, low
in indigestible fiber and free from anti-nutritional factors.
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Foods with which weaning can be started

 Ways to initiate weaning
Age Weaning Requirement
0-6 month Breast feed -
7-8 month Semi-liquid Food which are easy to
consistency digest, smooth and
gentle on baby’s
stomach
9-10 month Semi-liquid Baby needs food with
consistency taste and texture
11-12 month Semi-liquid Baby now needs food
consistency that satisfy his urge to
chew-complex taste
and texture
After 1 years Solid Diet Include variety of food
items
 Sample Menu Plan
Age 6 months 7 8 to 9 months 10 to 12 months 12
months months &
beyond
Early Breastmilk Breastmilk or Feedings as needed Feedings as needed
Morning or formula formula
Breakfast 2 to 4 Tbsp. 3-5 Tbsp. Breastmilk or formula 2-4 Tbsp fruit 4-6 Tbsp.
(30-60ml) infant cereal 4-6 Tbsp. Infant Cereal 2-4 infant cereal 1/2 slice dry
infant cerealor Tbsp. fruit toast Breastmilk, formula
or alternative or whole (homo) milk
alternative 1-2 Tbsp. from cup 3 meals
fruit plus 2 to 3
Morning Breastmilk Breastmilk or Finger food snack (dry Finger food snack (dry snacks
or formula formula cereal like Cheerios or soft cereal like Cheerios or
diced fruit or small cheese soft diced fruit or small
cubes) cheese cubes) Breastfe
Water, breastmilk or Water, breastmilk or eding on
formula formula demand
Lunch Breastmilk 2-4 Tbsp. Breastmilk or formula or 2-4 Tbsp. (30-60ml) meat or 2-3
or formula (30-60ml) whole (homo) milk 2-4 Tbsp. (30-60ml) cups
vegetable 1-2 2-4 Tbsp. (30-60 ml) vegetable whole
Tbsp. (15- meat or cooked legumes 2-4 Tbsp. (30-60ml) fruit, (homo)
30ml) fruit, 2-4 Tbsp. vegetables Breastmilk, formula or milk per
Breastmilk or whole (homo) milk from day
2-4 Tbsp. fruit
formula cup
 Age 6 months 7 months 8 to 9 months 10 to 12 months 12months
&
beyond
Afternoon Breastmilk or Breastmilk or Breastmilk or formula Breastmilk or
formula formula Snack - finger food formula or whole
(homo) milk
Snack- finger food
Supper 2-4 Tbsp. (30- 3-5 Tbsp. Breastmilk or formula or 2-4 Tbsp. meat or
60ml) infant cereal or whole (homo) milk alternative
infant cereal alternative 4-6 Tbsp. infant cereal or 2-4 Tbsp. rice or pasta
_
or alternative 2-4 Tbsp. 2-4 Tbsp. meat 2-4 Tbsp. vegetable
Breastmilk or vegetables 2-4 Tbsp. vegetable 2-4 Tbsp. fruit &/or
formula 2-4 Tbsp. fruit 2-4 Tbsp. fruit (30-60ml) yogurt whole (homo)
Breastmilk or milk
formula
Evening Breastmilk or Breastmilk or Breastmilk or formula or Breastmilk or formula
formula formula whole (homo) milk or whole (homo) milk
Note: 30 ml = 1 oz.
15 ml = 1 Tbsp
Home-Made Weaning Foods
Oat Porridge:

Ingredient Amount

Rolled oats ¼ cup

Carrot(cubed) ¼ cup

Potato(cubed) ¼ cup

Green peas ¼ cup

Ground pepper pinch

Salt pinch
 Method of preparation
• Dry roast, oats in a pan, add vegetables and mix well.

• Add salt, pepper, 1.5 cup of water and cook on a medium

flame stirring occasionally.
Maize and pulse porridge recipe:

Ingredient Amount

Roasted Maize Powder 50gm

Roasted Moong dal Powder 20 gm

Roasted Til Powder 10 gms

(gingelly or seasame seed)

Ghee ¼ tsp

Milk 70 ml

Jaggery ¼ tsp
 Method of preparation
• Mix roasted maize, moong dal and til powder thoroughly.

• Add 70 ml of boiled hot milk to get a thick consistency.

• Add jaggery.

• Add a tea spoon of oil or ghee to increase the energy content.

• Feed the infant with the spoon.

 Rice Porridge

Ingredients Amount

Rice 30 grams (2 tablespoons)

Powdered roasted groundnut 15 grams (1 tablespoon)

Powdered roasted 10 grams (3/4 tablespoons)

greengram/redgram dal

Jaggery/sugar 30 grams (2 tablespoons)

Spinach/green leafy vegetable 30 grams

Method of preparation
a) Cook the rice.

b) Add the dal and groundnut powder to the cooked rice and mix.

c) Prepare a soup of the green leafy vegetable by boiling in water

till soft. Mash and strain through a clean cloth for the soup.

d) Add the jaggery/sugar to the above mixture.

e) Cook for a few minutes.

Rice Khichdi:

Ingredients Amount

Cooked rice 1 Cup

Cooked pulse (red / green gram) ½ cup

Cooked leafy vegetables 30 grams (2 tablespoons)

Jaggery/sugar 15 grams (3 teaspoons)

Oil 1 teaspoon
Method of preparation

i. Mix the cooked rice and cooked pulses.

ii. The cooked leafy vegetables are mashed with additional

water and strained through a clean cloth to prepare the
soup.

iii. Add the soup and the required seasonings to the above
mixture.

iv. Add the sugar/jaggery and mix well.

Finger millet (Ragi, Nachni) Infant Food:
Ingredients Amount

De-husked and roasted ragi 45 grams (3 tablespoons)

Roasted green gram dal 20 grams (1 & % tablespoons)

Roasted groundnut 10 grams (2 teaspoons)

Roasted decorticated til 5 grams (1 teaspoon)

Jaggery/sugar 30 grams (2 tablespoons)

Method of preparation
• Soak finger millet (ragi) in water overnight.

• Drain the water, spread the grains on a plate and allow them to
germinate by covering with a damp cloth for one day.

• Dry the germinated finger millet (ragi) under sun and roast till it
develops a malted flavor.

• Powder and store in an air-tight container.

• Other ingredients are also powdered individually.

• They are then mixed with ragi powder and stored in an air-tight
container.
Method of feeding:
• When required, suitable amount of the mixture (60-70
grams or 4-5 tablespoons) is taken and mixed with a small
amount of water or milk to make a paste for feeding.
Amount and Frequency of Food to Be Offered
Age Texture Frequency Average amount
of each meal
6–8 Start with thick 2–3 meals per day Start with 2–3
months porridge, well-mashed plus frequent tablespoonful
foods breastfeeding
9–11 Finely chopped or 3–4 meals plus 1/2 of a 250 mL
months mashed foods, and breastfeeding. cup/bowl
foods that baby can Depending on
pick up appetite offer 1–2
snacks
12–24s Family-foods, chopped 3–4 meals plus 3/4 to one 250
months or mashed if breastfeeding. mL cup/bowl
necessary. As per Depending
appetite offer 1–2 on appetite offer 1–2
snacks snacks
If baby is not breastfed, give in addition: 1–2 cups of milk per day, and 1–2
extra meals per day.
Importance of weaning food
Calorie and Protein Requirements for children

Age Group Body Net Energy Protein (g/d)

Weight(kg) (Kcal/d)

0-6 months 5.4 92 kcal/kg/d 1.16g/kg/d

6-12 months 8.4 80 kcal/kg/d 1.69g/kg/d

1-3 years 12.8 1060 16.7

4 -6 years 18.0 1350 20.1

7 -9 years 25.1 1690 29.5

10-12 Boys 34.3 2190 39.9

years Girls 35.0 2010 40.4
Source: Nutrient Requirements and Recommended Dietary Allowances for Indians (ICMR 2010)
• Thank you